Circuit

Concept on non-linear circuit

*All Laws (Statement)
*All theorems Statement & Problems (Loop, Mesh, Nodal analysis, Thevenin, Norton,
Reciprocity, Millmans, Super position, Maximum power transfer, star/Delta conversion, source
conversion)
*Read all topics associated with all theorem
Joules law, Relation between kWh & kcal
*Energy, Series, parallel bulb related problems
Across R, L and C Draw o/p voltage, current and power waveform for sine wave i/p also write
power equations
*Waveforms draw from various type of equations
RMS value, average value, Form factor, Peck factor calculation from various waveforms
*Series, parallel resonance circuit (Condition, equation, compare etc)
AC Filter (Circuit, equation)
Concept on harmonics, Transient conditions
*MCQ read from B.L.Theraja (Chapter 1, 2, 3)
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Electronics

*Difference among Insulator, Conductor, Semiconductor

Zener diode and its applications
*Rectifier and its applications
*Clippers, Clampers Circuit (Draw i/p, o/p curve)
Transistor operation (all configurations)
*Characteristics curves (all configurations)
*DC biasing (Fixed-bias, Emitter-stabilized bias, Voltage-divider bias, DC bias with voltage
feedback circuit, try to solve critical configuration and with PNP)
*Difference between BJT & FET
FET biasing
Darlington pair connection
CMRR and its significance
Ideal properties of Op-amp
Virtual Ground
*Inverting and Non-inverting amplifier
*Summing, Subtractor and Averaging amplifier
*Integrator, Differentiator circuit (draw o/p curves with i/p sine, cosine, square, triangle, pulse
waves)
*Active Filter (draw circuit diagram, Response curve for all types of active filter)
*Class A, Class B, Class C, Class AB (Define, draw o/p signal, efficiency)
Push-pull amplifier (Circuit diagram, operation)
555 Timer IC (Astable and monostable operation, circuit diagram)
Concept on positive and negative feedback

Oscillator (Operation, Types, circuit diagram, applications)

Piezoelectric Crystals, Piezoelectric effect and applications
Capacitor filter
Ripple factor
Tunnel diode (Characteristics curve and application)
Vacuum Tube (Characteristics curve and application)
*Write properties of Semiconductor
Define (Intrinsic, Extrinsic materials, N-type, P-type semiconductor, Doping, Donor, Acceptor,
donor level and Acceptor level)
Write Impurity name and Semiconductor materials names
*Relation between Electron, eV and Charge
Advantages of CMOS
Advantages of Semiconductor device over Vacuum Tube
Draw Gate circuit by using BJT
BJT small signal analysis (only re modeling)
*Read summary from end of the chapter 2, 3, 4, 5
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Power Electronics
Details on the following devices (Construction, Schematic Structure, Schematic symbol, Operation,
Equivalent Circuit, Characteristics Curve, Applications)
1. *SCR
2. GTO
3. *IGBT
4. *DIAC
5. *TRIAC
6. UJT
*Define (Holding Time, Latching Time, Firing Angle, Negative Resistance, Rectifier,
Chopper, Inverter, Voltage controller)
*Draw single & three phases Circuit diagram, input, output curves (Rectifier, Inverter,
and Controlled Rectifier)
Difference between SCR and TRIAC
Difference between DIAC and TRIAC
Similarity between DIAC and TRIAC
Difference between DIAC and TRANSISTOR
Advantages of GTO over SCR
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Digital Electronics

Number systems
Clear concept on Complements
Various types of binary codes (BCD, Excess-3, 8 4 2 1, 2421, Reflected or Gray code)
*Binary logic with switching circuit

All theorems
All simplification methods
*Show that a positive-logic NOR gate is the same physical gate as a negative-logic NAND and
vice versa
*Show that a positive-logic AND gate is the same physical gate as a negative-logic OR and vice
versa
*Basic gate implement with NOR and NAND gate
*Adder, Subtractor, Comparator (circuit, Truth table, equation)
MUX, DMUX
Counter design
Concept on IC digital logic (RTL, DTL, I2L, TTL, ECL, MOS, CMOS)
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Machine

Transformer:
1. *Equivalent circuit of Transformer
2. *EMF equation, Transformation Ratio, Turns ratio, Open & Short-circuit test related
problem
3. *Problem on loss calculation and Transformer efficiency calculation,
4. *Losses in a Transformer (Copper, Eddy current & Hysteresis loss)
5. All-day efficiency
6. *Parallel operation of single-phase & three-phase Transformer
7. *Three phase transformer connection type details (Read only and collect information
such as phase angle relation between primary & secondary line voltage)
8. *Clear concept on V-V connection and Vector Group
9. *Instrument transformer
10. Isolation transformer

DC Generator:
1. *Essential parts of Generator
2. Types of generator and EMF equation related problems
3. *Armature reaction and Commutation
4. *Characteristics of DC Generator (Only curves)
5. Critical Resistance & Critical Speed (Definition)

DC motor:
1. *Difference between generator and motor
2. Significance of the Back EMF
3. Torque and power relation
4. *Motor characteristics (Only curves)
5. Speed control of a DC motor
6. Electric Braking
7. Various types of Electric Braking (Dynamic, Plugging, Regenerative Braking)
8. *Why Starter use?
9. Explain what happens when a DC motor is connected across an AC supply?

Induction motor:
1. *Equivalent circuit of an Induction motor
2. *Slip and related problem

3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Starting Torque and related problem

Torque, Rotor EMF and Reactance under running condition and related problem
Full-load torque, Maximum torque and starting torque related problem
*Power stages in an Induction motor and related problem
*Why Starter use in an Induction motor?
Why Single phase Induction motors are not self-starting?
How making Single phase Induction motor self-starting?

Alternator:
1. *Equivalent circuit of an Alternator
2. Why armature stationary?
3. *What is synchronizing?
4. *Condition for synchronizing of an single and three-phase Alternators

Synchronous Motor:
1. *Characteristics features of a Synchronous Motor
2. Equivalent circuit of a Synchronous Motor
3. Relation between Mechanical angle & Electrical angle
4. *V-curve and Inverted V-curve
5. Problem: A Synchronous Motor absorbing 60kW is connected in parallel with a factory
load of 240kW having a lagging p.f. of 0.8. If the combined load has a p.f. of 0.9, what is
the value of the leading kVAR supplied by the motor and at what p.f. is it working? Ans:
35kVAR, 0.863 leading
6. Hunting or Surging or Phase Swinging
7. *Comparison between Synchronous Motor and Induction Motor
8. Synchronous Motor applications
9. What is a Synchronous Capacitor?
10. How Synchronous Motor maintain constant speed at various load?

***Read MCG Questions from the following chapter (B.L. Theraja)

26. DC Generator
28. Generator Characteristics
29. DC Motor
30. Speed control of DC Motor
32. Transformer
33. Transformer: Three-phase
34. Induction Motor
37. Alternators
38. Synchronous Motor
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Communications

*Modulation & Demodulation (definition, input/output waveform, modulation index, equation,

and problem)
Need for modulation
*Types of modulation (analog & digital)
*Digital Modulation (input/output waveform, equation)
Concept on GMSK Modulation

*Concept on dB, dBm, dB,

*Block diagram of an Analog, Digital, Optical and Satellite communication
Shannon information capacity equation
*Nyquist Sampling Theorem
*Bit Error Rate (BER) related problem
*Define Erlang, One Erlang and related problems
*Concept on Radio frequency range
*Advantage of Digital & Optical communication
Advantage of Digital Modulation
*Optical fiber (bandwidth, modes, Index profile, losses and Classification)
*Optical source (Devices name)
*Light detector (Devices name)
*Advantage & Disadvantages of LED & ILD and their applications
Concept about LASER and its applications
*OSI reference model and functions
*Serial & Parallel data transmission
Data transmission modes (Simplex, half duplex, full duplex)
Write different types of transmission medium
*Network classifications (LAN, MAN etc definition & applications)
Concept on TCP/IP protocol
*Concept on Base band & Broadband
*Concept on IP Address (IPv4 & IPv6)
Concept on Cross & straight connection
*Write network devices function & applications (Router, Switch, Bridge, Hub, NIC, etc)

*Difference between Circuit switching and Packet switching also write their applications
*Write data rate and applications (ATM, STM-0, STM-1, STM-16, SDH, PDH and SONET)
*Uplink & Downlink frequency for Satellite communication and Power equation related
problems
*WiMAX (Bandwidth & Coverage area)
*3G provides
Comparison among 1G, 2G and 3G
*Difference between TDM & FDM
*Difference between TDMA & FDMA
*Comparison among TDMA, FDMA and CDMA
*Difference between CDMA & GSM
*Write data rate (EDGE, GPRS, E1, T1 and PCM)
*GSM architecture
*Details on GSM network components
*Write various interface names
Concept on CELL & LA
*Details on GSM Frequency bands (Frequencies, Wavelength, BW, Duplex distance, Carrier
Separation, Channel, Transmission bit rate, Modulation, Mobile Transmit power, Maximum Base
Transmit power and Speech coding)
MS states
*Roaming & International Roaming

*Write Carrier frequency (TV, FM Radio, AM Radio, Police Radio and Mobile)
*Comparer between GSM 900 MHz and GSM 1800 MHz frequency bands
Concept on Transmission
*Details on Access network, Backbone network, E1, T1, PDH, SDH and STM
*Channel concept
Transmission problem (Difference types of losses)
*Details on Handoff/Handover
*Concept on Interleaving, Interference, Frequency Hopping
Different types of Signaling (RZ, NRZ etc)
*Draw block diagram of a PCM transmission system
*Concept on battery connection and capacity
*Concept on GSM Antenna, Microwave Antenna, Polarization, Diversity and Tilting
Concept on VSWR
*Voice Frequency
*PCM steps
*What is CDMA2000?
What types of modulation use in CDMA2000 (QPSK)
Key Features of CDMA2000
What is Sof| smtching?
*Why0gro|nd nec-ssary in telecom equIpmelt?
#Telecom related abbreviations

Some Abbreviations:
WWW
HTTP
AXN
@GERAMUS
TE
FTP
RADAR
LPC
EMS
LOS
PIN
PUK PSNN
CSN
GGSN
GMSC
GMSK
IMEI
IMSI
SIE
RI
SMS
ITUVM
IN
DPCM
ITU-T
CCITT

CEPT
ANSI
SS7
STM
SDHMPDH)ATM
PABX
PBX
SEA-ME-WE4
EIRP
VSAT
WCDMA
WiMAX
Wi-Fi
Hi-Fi
OFDMA
SOFDMA
TDD
FDD
V+IPMuONET

DS
aDSLMODEM
OTDM
WD
PSN
PLMN
ISDN
B-ISN
F

DI
CLOh@
DS-CDMA
GSM
CDMA
DWDM
WLAN
CSLA/A-Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance
CSMA/CD-Carrier Sense Multiple Acces{ wph Collision Detect
BTRC
NGN
DPLM
NMT
UMTS
AMPS
D-AMPS
TACS
PDC
PCS
ETS
MWtNCGI
TCS
NPS
----------xxx--------=-

Power Systems

*Primary Source of Energy

*Efficiency of various types of power plants
*Load curvgS,9M}ad duration cu2ve?ghrfjol/eical load curve
*Defini|io$and concept on connected load, Maximum demand, Demand factor, Average$lo!f,
Load factor, Diversity factor, Plakt cPacify factor and Plant use fac<or also relate` p2mblem
Concept on base load and peak load
Importance of high load factor
*Details on power factor
*How to improve power factor?
*Disadvantage of low power factor
*Causes of low power factor
*Power factor improvement equipment
*Power factor improvement related problems
*What do you mean by power system? Draw a typical power system one-line diagram
Comparison between DC & AC transmission
*Why high voltage transmits
Element of a transmission line
Concept on conductor materials (Copper, Aluminium, Steel cored aluminium (ACSR),
Galvanised steel & Cadmium copper)
Why underground cables are rarely used for transmission

Types of Insulator
Causes of Insulator failure
Safety factor of insulator
String Efficiency
*Ferranti Effect
*Skin Effect
*Corona Effect
Factors affecting Corona Effect
Advantages and Disadvantages of Corona Effect
Methods of reducing Corona Effect
*What is SAG
Calculation of SAG
*Parameters of a transmission line
*What do you mean by Transposition?
Classification of transmission line and calculation
Transmission Efficiency
*Determination of Generalized transmission line circuit constant for various transmission lines
Concept on underground cables
Types of cable faults and methods for determination of location of fault for underground cables
Concept on Distribution systems
*Switchgear and Switchgear equipments
*Relay circuit and its operation
Difference between Switch & Fuse
Difference between Switch & CB
Difference between Fuse & CB
Concept on Isolator/Disconnecting Switch
Bus bar Arrangement and diagram
What are the Faults in a power system?
*What is Reactors, why it is used and where?
Classification of Circuit Breaker
Define Fusing factor
Concept about HRC fuse
Current carrying capacity of fuse
Classification of Relay
Define (Pick-up time, Current setting, PSM, TSM)
*Concept on Distance relay, Differential relay
Types of protection
What are the faults occur on an Alternator?
*What are common transformer faults?
*Concept on Buchholz Relay
*What is Instrument Transformers?
*Concept on Surge voltage, Arcing ground, Lightning, Lightning Arrester
Causes of over voltage
Classification of sub-station
*A typical substation on-line diagram
*Various types of sub-stations, Transmission line rating and generating Voltage in Bangladesh

*Capacity of various individual power stations in Bangladesh

Write Sub-station Equipment
*Concept on Grounding, Load Shedding and Load Management
Advantages of Interconnections
Concept on SCADA draw its block diagram and write applications
*Concept on MCB and MCCB
*Concept on Renewable energy
*Per-unit calculation and its advantages
*The One-line diagram, Reactance diagram and Impedance Diagram
*Importance of Load flow study
*What information obtained from Load-flow study?
*What are Sequence Impedance and Sequence Network?
*Draw Reactance and Zero-sequence diagram from one-line diagram
*Difference bet IPS and UPS
*Difference between On-line UPS and OFF-line UPS
*Draw UPS block diagram
*Read self-test from Power system V.K. Mehta

----------xxx---------* Important