Professional Documents
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S.R.M.S.C.E.T Bareilly
SEMINAR REPORT ON
Submitted to
Mr. Vineet Srivastava
Submitted by
Saddam Hussain
1101421084
Abstract
CONTENTS
1 Introduction ...... 04
2 Applications for supporting the public
distribution network management
................................................ 05
3 Description of the system environment ..08
4 Application functions for distribution
management in industrial plants ............ 11
5 Advanced Distribution
Automation .....................................14
5.1 Distribution System of Future
with ADA
..17
6 Distribution Management
Functions
....................18
7Application Functions of Data Management
Systems ...................................21
7.1) Load modeling ............................................21
7.2) Reliability management...........23
7.3) Voltage dip analyses................................25
7.4) Power quality analyses................26
7.5) Condition monitoring..........26
8 Conclusion.............................................29
9 Bibliography..................................30
Introduction
It was seen already in the end of 80's that the conventional automation system (i.e.
SCADA) cannot solve all the problems regarding to network operation. On the other
hand, the different computer systems (e.g. AM/FM/GIS) include vast amount of data
which is useful in network operation. The operators had considerable heuristic knowledge
to be utilized, too. Thus new tools for practical problems were called for, to which AIbased methods (e.g. object-oriented approach, rule-based technique, uncertainty modeling
and fuzzy sets, hypertext technique, neural networks and genetic algorithms) offers new
problem solving methods. So far a computer system entity, called as a distribution
management system (DMS), has been developed. The DMS is a part of an integrated
environment composed of the SCADA, distribution automation (e.g. microprocessorbased protection relays), the network database (i.e. AM/FM/GIS), the geographical
database, the customer database, and the automatic telephone answering machine system.
The DMS includes many intelligent applications needed in network operation. Such
applications are, for example, normal state-monitoring and optimization, real-time
network calculations, short term load forecasting, switching planning, and fault
management.
The core of the whole DMS is the dynamic object-oriented network model. The
distribution network is modeled as dynamic objects which are generated based on
the network data read from the network database. The network model includes the
real-time state of the network (e.g. topology and loads). Different network
operation tasks call for different kinds of problem solving methods. Various
modules can operate interactively with each other through the network model,
which works as a blackboard (e.g. the results of load flow calculations are stored
in the network model, where they are available in all other modules for different
purposes).The present DMS is a Windows NT -program implemented by Visual
C++. The prototyping meant the iteration loop of knowledge acquisition,
modeling, implementation, and testing. Prototype versions were tested in a real
environment from the very beginning. Thus the feedback on new inference
models, external connections, and the user-interface was obtained at a very early
stage. The aim of a real application in the technical sense was thus been achieved.
The DMS entity was tested in the pilot company, Koillis-Satakunnan Shk Oy,
having about 1000 distribution substations and 1400 km of 20 kV feeders. In the
pilot company different versions of the fault location module have been used in
the past years in over 300 real faults. Most of the faults have been located with an
accuracy of some hundred meters, while the distance of a fault from the feeding
point has been from a few to tens of kilometers. The fault location system has
been one reason for the reduced outage times of customers (i.e. about 50 % in the
8 past years) together with other automation.
The experiences as a whole were so encouraging that the DMS was modified as
a commercial product. The vendor was first a small Finnish software company. Since
1997 the DMS has been a worldwide software product of ABB Transmit Oybeing
integrated to the MicroSCADA platform. At present the DMS is in everyday use in
several distribution companies all over the world. Part of the research group behind the
development of the DMS works at present as the employees of ABB, which has
confirmed the successful commercially phase.
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application functions for distribution management in industrial plants are mainly load
modeling ,reliability management , power quality analysis, voltage dip analysis and
condition monitoring .All this are incorporated in a domain of distribution management
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.
Figure3: ADA architecture
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Fig: 4
The three major components of ADA
Flexible electrical system architecture
Real-time state estimation tools
Communication and control system based on open architecture standards
The intelligent universal transformer is a prime example of a new electronic device that
will be a cornerstone of ADA. It will provide a variety of functions including
Voltage stepping
Voltage regulation
Power quality enhancement
New customer service options such as DC power output
Power electronic replacement for conventional copper and iron transformers
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Each of these is made more valuable by its interaction with the other.
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1) Load modeling
The essential basis for advanced application functions is the modeling of loads
connected to the network. Usually there are only few measurement points in the network.
However, loading of every load node of the network must be known in the network
calculations. For that purpose the loads are estimated by load models.
The essential need for the load models is that they form a basis for the load-flow
calculations. Results of load-flow calculations are utilized different kind of tasks as realtime network monitoring and optimization, and switching planning. Information on loads
can also be utilized in preventive condition monitoring and reliability analyses. Although,
the loads (i.e. the current) of some nodes can be measured on-line, models are needful
because of the DMS can be used also in simulated state, when the information of system
does not correspond the current real-time state of the distribution network.
In the domain of public electricity distribution hourly load curves have been
determined for each customer group to be used in load-flow calculation and load
forecasting. In industrial plants the load modeling should be based mainly on the process
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itself and its behavior. Load models can be determined by making enough measurements
in different known process conditions. However, the industrialplants vary from each other
quite much, which means that load models determined in one plant may not be able
to used as such in other one. One aim of the research work is to develop tools and
methods by which the determination of the plant specific load models can be achieved
during the installation of the automation system when enough measurements have been
done and certain process specific parameters are known. Neural networks can be used to
learn the correlations between the measurements and the process in order to produce the
load model
Significant features of the load models are swiftness, simplicity, a capability to
utilize measured information, a capability to utilize inaccurate information and a
capability to adapt alternating and different conditions. The state monitoring of the DMS
acts in real times which appoint demands to the swiftness of the load models. Further the
industrial processes will be developed and so the load models must be able to adapt in
varied situation.
Demands, mentioned above, could be achieved using advanced methods and
technologies. This means using neural networks technology, fuzzy logic and selfadaptively technologies in further development of load models of the industrial
distribution networks.
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2) Reliability management
The functions related to reliability have considerable economic significance in
industry. The losses of production caused by the disturbances and the inputs into the
investments of the systems including maintenance and operational arrangements join
here.
The reliability can be studied with both qualitative and quantitative methods.
With a qualitative analysis the possible states of the system and reasons which lead to
these are determined with non-numerical methods. The failure modes, effects and
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criticality analyses are adapted generally on the qualitative methods. Using failure modes,
effects and criticality analysis it is aimed to identify those faults of the devices or of the
subsystems which affect the capabilities of the system significantly. The system is
systematically analyzed and the effects of the component faults of the system are
evaluated. In a quantitative analysis indicators describing the capabilities of the system
are calculated. For example, availability, fault frequencies, durations of disturbances and
indicators which describe the economic appreciation of interruptions can be evaluated.
The functions supporting power distribution reliability management can be included in
several different systems which are, among others, AM/FM/GIS, the Distribution
Management System (DMS), SCADA system, maintenance systems, and documentation
systems depending on the total concept.
The load flow calculations and short circuit calculations are applications which
have central meaning in reliability analyses. The calculations make it possible to simulate
faults, to plan
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5 ) Condition monitoring
There exist many systems for condition monitoring of industrial processes,
especially for rotating machines. Monitoring usually covers electric motors that are
connected to the monitored processes. There are on-line systems designed mainly for
condition monitoring of electric motors, too. These systems usually include measuring
device connected with processing device, which can be connected permanently to data
bus supplying information for analyzing computer or data can be collected from device
occasionally. A selection between continuous data transfer and manually performed data
collection is made mainly by the costs of instrumentation and labour. Electric motors are
often considered to be very reliable, which means that investment not economically
justified.
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Conclusion
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BIBILIOGRAPHY
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