Professional Documents
Culture Documents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Foreword .....................................................................................3
Safety and health .........................................................................4
Life cycle thinking .........................................................................5
Key facts about steel ....................................................................6
World crude steel production, 1950 to 2013 ..................................7
Top steel-producing companies, 2013 ...........................................8
Major steel-producing countries, 2012 and 2013 ...........................9
Crude steel production by process, 2013 ....................................10
Continuously-cast steel output, 2011 to 2013 ............................. 11
Monthly crude steel production, 2010 to 2013 .............................12
Steel production and use: geographical distribution, 2003 ...........14
Steel production and use: geographical distribution, 2013 ............15
Apparent steel use, 2007 to 2013 ...............................................16
Apparent steel use per capita, 2007 to 2013 ............................... 17
Pig iron, 2012 and 2013 ..............................................................18
Direct reduced iron production, 2006 to 2013..............................19
Iron ore, 2012 .............................................................................20
World iron ore trade by area, 2013 ..............................................21
World trade in steel products, 1975 to 2013 .................................22
World volume of trade, 2000 to 2013 ..........................................22
World steel exports by product, 2008 to 2013 .............................23
World steel trade by area, 2013 ...................................................24
Major importers and exporters of steel, 2013 ...............................25
Trade in ferrous scrap, 2012 and 2013.........................................26
World trade in ferrous scrap by area, 2013 ..................................27
FOREWORD
Despite the fact that 2013 again proved to be challenging for the steel
industry with issues relating to overcapacity and raw materials costs,
world steel demand still grew by 3.6%. World crude steel production
totalled 1,606 million tonnes (Mt) for the year, a record high for our
industry.
The demand forecasts for 2014 provide an important insight to changing
economic forces. Where the developing world was the primary
driving force in steel demand ever since 2008 and indeed also of
global economic global growth our expectations are that developed
economies will also contribute to growth in 2014 and 2015, with
developing economies showing a slower economic pace. This, along
with Chinas economic deceleration, is the reason for our slightly lower
global growth rate forecast of 3.1% for 2014 which we issued mid-April.
We have consistently said that steel is the key to sustainable
development for the world today and a key driver of tomorrows world
economy. It is worth reiterating this as so many regulators and politicians
around the world still seem surprised to discover this at the same
time as they load ever more regulation and cost onto steel and other
manufacturing activity. Only by creating new products do we create
primary wealth. All other activity needs this bedrock of wealth creation
to survive and prosper.
This year worldsteel initiated an industry-wide safety audit across
the steel industry on the occasion of the Steel Safety Day on 28 April.
This safety initiative coincided with the World Safety Day held by the
International Labour Organization. The audit focussed on identifying the
hazards responsible for safety incidents within the steel industry and
setting up an action plan to manage the hazards and risks for each site.
This is a very important initiative which received substantial support from
our membership.
I hope you will find this booklet useful. As in the past, it provides a
comprehensive overview of steel industry activities, stretching from
production to steel use to some indications of global trade flows. If you
have any questions or comments, please do not hesitate to contact me.
Dr Edwin Basson
Director General
3
million tonnes
World
2001
852
905
Years
World
2002
1970
595
2003
971
1975
644
2004
1,063
1980
717
2005
1,148
1985
719
2006
1,250
1990
770
2007
1,348
1995
753
2008
1,343
1996
751
2009
1,238
1997
800
2010
1,433
1998
779
2011
1,537
1999
790
2012
1,559
2000
850
2013
1,606
1800
1600
Years
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
Years
World
1970-75
1975-80
1980-85
1985-90
1990-95
1995-00
2000-05
2005-10
2010-13
1.6
2.2
0.1
1.4
-0.5
2.4
6.2
4.5
3.9
2000
2010
Company
ArcelorMittal (*)
Nippon Steel & Sumitomo
Metal Corporation (*)
(**)
Tonnage
Rank
96.1
26
SAIL (*)
Tonnage
27
13.2
12.7
45.8
28
Rizhao Steel
43.9
29
MMK (*)
11.9
39.3
30
11.8
POSCO (*)
38.4
31
Jiuquan Steel
11.2
Shagang Group
35.1
32
Baotou Steel
10.7
33.7
33
Anyang Steel
10.3
31.5
34
Zongheng Steel
10.2
10
JFE (*)
31.2
35
Taiyuan Steel
10.0
11
25.3
36
Jingye Steel
9.7
12
22.8
37
9.0
13
U. S. Steel (*)
20.4
38
Jinxi Steel
8.7
14
20.2
Xinyu Steel
8.5
15
19.3
Zenith Steel
8.5
16
Gerdau (*)
19.0
40
8.3
17
Maanshan Steel
18.8
41
Sanming Steel
8.2
18
17.2
42
Guofeng Steel
8.1
19
Benxi Steel
16.8
Shaanxi Steel
8.0
20
16.1
8.0
21
ThyssenKrupp (*)
15.9
44
ISD Corporation
7.9
22
Severstal (*)
15.7
45
Citic Pacifi c
7.7
23
NLMK (*)
15.5
46
7.6
24
Valin Group
15.0
47
7.5
(*)
14.3
48
7.0
Jianlong Group
14.3
49
Usiminas (*)
6.9
IMIDRO (*)
14.3
6.1
14.3
Nanjing Steel
6.1
Metinvest
25
39
50
* worldsteel members
** Handan, which is part of Hebei Group, is a member of worldsteel
(1)
Some Chinese companies consolidated to form Tianjin Bohai Steel in 2013
(2)
Pingxiang and Jiujiang were merged with Fangda Steel at the end of 2012
(3)
RIVA Fire Group was split into ILVA SpA and Riva Forni Electtrici SpA in June 2013
Country
13.5
50.1
43
China
Japan
United States
India
Russia
South Korea
Germany
Turkey
Brazil
Ukraine
Italy
Taiwan, China
Mexico
France
Iran
Spain
Canada
United Kingdom
Austria
Poland
South Africa
Belgium
Egypt
Netherlands
Malaysia (e)
Vietnam (e)
Saudi Arabia
Argentina
Czech Republic
Australia
Slovak Republic
Sweden
Finland
Thailand (e)
Kazakhstan
Romania
United Arab Emirates
Indonesia (e)
Byelorussia
Qatar
Venezuela
Luxembourg
Portugal (e)
Switzerland (e)
Chile
Philippines (e)
North Korea
Colombia
Peru
Greece
Other
World
(e): estimate
2013
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
2012
Tonnage
779.0
110.6
86.9
81.2
68.7
66.1
42.6
34.7
34.2
32.8
24.1
22.3
18.2
15.7
15.4
13.8
12.4
11.9
8.0
8.0
7.2
7.1
6.8
6.7
5.9
5.6
5.5
5.2
5.2
4.7
4.5
4.4
3.5
3.5
3.3
3.0
2.9
2.4
2.2
2.2
2.1
2.1
2.1
1.5
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0
13.0
1,606.0
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
20
19
22
21
24
23
25
26
27
29
28
30
31
32
33
35
34
36
38
40
37
42
39
41
43
46
44
49
48
47
51
50
Tonnage
731.0
107.2
88.7
77.3
70.4
69.1
42.7
35.9
34.5
33.0
27.3
20.7
18.1
15.6
14.5
13.6
13.5
9.6
7.4
8.4
6.9
7.3
6.6
6.9
5.6
5.3
5.2
5.0
5.1
4.9
4.4
4.3
3.8
3.3
3.7
3.3
2.4
2.3
2.7
2.1
2.4
2.2
2.0
1.5
1.7
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.0
1.2
14.0
1,559.2
10
8.0
7.1
0.5
0.1
5.2
3.5
15.7
42.6
1.0
0.9
24.1
0.2
2.1
6.7
8.0
2.1
3.0
4.5
0.6
13.8
4.4
11.9
165.9
34.7
2.6
37.3
68.7
32.8
6.8
108.3
12.4
18.2
86.9
117.5
5.2
34.2
1.3
2.1
4.1
46.9
6.8
7.2
2.0
15.9
15.4
5.5
2.5
23.4
779.0
81.2
110.6
66.1
22.3
20.3
1,079.5
4.7
0.9
1,600.3
Oxygen
%
91.6
66.5
92.9
63.1
65.0
68.4
84.3
28.2
98.0
55.3
54.4
92.5
30.5
67.8
83.6
60.2
28.7
15.0
27.7
66.3
74.0
43.5
67.2
55.1
29.3
39.4
39.5
48.8
74.9
65.4
9.1
62.6
8.0
59.6
22.2
33.0
13.1
8.6
90.5
31.5
77.5
61.0
53.6
80.5
77.7
67.9
71.2
3.5
20.0
8.3
0.2
0.0
0.6
Other
%
0.0
0.0
0.0
Total
%
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
The countries in this table accounted for more than 99% of world crude steel production in 2013.
Million tonnes
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Latvia (e)
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal (e)
Romania
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
European Union (27)
Turkey
Others
Other Europe
Russia
Ukraine
Other CIS
CIS
Canada
Mexico
United States
NAFTA
Argentina
Brazil
Venezuela
Other Latin America
Central and South America
Egypt (e)
South Africa
Other Africa
Africa
Iran
Saudi Arabia
Other Middle East
Middle East
China
India (e)
Japan
South Korea
Taiwn. China
Other Asia
Asia
Australia
New Zealand
Total of above countries
(e): estimate
2011
2012
2013
2011
2012
2013
7.2
8.0
0.8
5.0
4.0
15.0
42.6
1.9
1.7
27.4
0.6
2.5
6.8
8.6
1.9
3.7
4.2
0.5
15.1
4.2
9.3
171.1
34.1
2.7
36.8
55.6
19.0
8.5
83.0
12.7
18.1
84.5
115.2
5.6
34.1
3.0
5.0
47.7
6.5
7.5
1.5
15.5
13.2
5.3
2.3
20.8
690.5
56.9
105.5
67.2
19.4
15.8
955.2
6.3
0.8
1,452.7
7.1
7.3
0.6
4.6
3.7
15.0
41.2
1.2
1.5
26.0
0.8
2.2
6.7
8.2
1.9
3.2
4.4
0.5
13.2
3.8
9.4
162.9
35.9
2.8
38.7
56.8
17.8
7.5
82.1
13.1
18.0
87.5
118.6
5.0
33.6
2.4
5.2
46.1
6.6
6.9
1.7
15.2
14.5
5.2
2.4
22.1
720.1
62.3
105.4
67.9
20.6
13.1
989.4
4.8
0.9
1,480.9
7.7
7.1
0.5
4.7
3.5
15.1
41.3
1.0
0.9
22.9
0.2
2.1
6.6
7.8
2.0
2.9
4.5
0.5
13.5
3.9
11.7
160.4
34.7
3.0
37.6
56.1
17.7
6.6
80.4
12.1
18.2
85.8
116.0
5.2
33.4
2.1
5.2
45.9
6.8
7.1
2.0
15.8
15.4
5.5
2.5
23.4
767.4
66.2
108.9
65.0
22.2
13.5
1 043.3
4.6
0.9
1,528.4
95.8
100.0
100.0
90.1
99.5
95.3
96.3
100.0
100.0
95.2
100.0
100.0
97.5
97.4
99.0
96.4
99.7
81.8
97.4
86.9
97.8
96.3
100.0
99.0
99.9
80.7
53.9
99.7
73.7
98.5
99.8
97.8
98.2
99.8
96.7
100.0
94.6
97.0
100.0
99.4
99.6
99.7
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
98.4
77.4
98.1
98.1
96.2
100.0
96.7
99.1
100.0
95.3
96.2
100.0
99.1
91.1
99.5
96.1
96.7
100.0
100.0
95.4
100.0
100.0
98.0
98.0
99.0
97.2
99.7
82.6
97.1
87.2
98.0
96.6
100.0
99.2
99.9
80.7
53.9
99.8
74.0
97.2
99.9
98.6
98.6
99.7
97.3
100.0
94.5
97.4
100.0
99.5
99.6
99.7
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
98.5
80.6
98.3
98.3
99.6
100.0
97.2
98.7
100.0
95.7
96.4
100.0
100.0
91.1
99.5
96.3
96.9
100.0
100.0
95.1
100.0
100.0
98.0
97.9
99.5
97.2
99.7
82.3
97.7
87.6
98.7
96.7
100.0
99.6
100.0
81.7
54.0
99.9
74.4
97.1
99.7
98.8
98.7
99.7
97.9
100.0
95.6
97.9
100.0
99.7
99.7
99.8
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
98.5
81.5
98.5
98.4
99.6
100.0
97.3
98.8
100.0
95.9
The countries in this table accounted for more than 99% of world crude steel production in 2013.
11
million tonnes
NAFTA
145
11
135
10
125
9
115
actual data
deseasonalised data
actual data
deseasonalised data
8
105
2010
2010
2011
2012
2011
2012
2013
2013
17
actual data
deseasonalised data
15
13
5
actual data
deseasonalised data
4
11
2010
2011
2012
2010
2013
2011
2012
2013
Japan
CIS (6)
11
10
actual data
deseasonalised data
10
actual data
deseasonalised data
8
7
2010
2011
2012
2010
2013
2011
2012
2013
China
70
12
60
50
actual data
deseasonalised data
40
2010
2011
2012
2013
13
Other Asia
11.4%
Others
8.5%
EU-27
19.8%
Japan
11.4%
CIS
11.0%
China
22.9%
Others comprise:
Africa
Middle East
1.7 %
1.4 %
Other Europe
2.3%
EU-27
18.1%
Other Asia
15.9%
4.6%
0.9 %
China
27.3%
2.9%
14
Others comprise:
Africa
Middle East
Other Europe
2.1%
1.0%
1.6%
NAFTA
14.9%
Other Asia
14.8%
Others
9.0%
EU-27
9.3%
2.9%
0.3%
Other Europe
2.5%
CIS
4.0%
NAFTA
8.7%
Japan
4.4%
China
47.3%
Others comprise:
Middle East
NAFTA
7.3%
CIS
4.2%
Japan
8.3%
CIS
6.7%
EU-27
10.3%
China
48.5%
Others
9.0%
2.1%
Japan
6.9%
NAFTA
12.8%
Africa
Others
Other Asia 5.9%
11.9%
3.3%
0.8%
Others comprise:
Africa
Middle East
2.0%
3.2%
3.3%
0.4%
15
16
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
4.1
5.6
6.6
16.6
42.7
35.9
4.1
12.1
5.6
24.5
4.9
12.8
23.9
199.5
23.8
8.1
31.9
40.4
8.1
7.9
56.4
15.5
17.9
108.3
141.7
4.6
22.1
3.6
11.0
41.3
5.5
5.8
9.5
20.7
18.5
25.0
43.6
418.4
51.5
81.2
55.2
18.1
52.6
676.9
8.3
1,220.2
4.0
5.4
6.5
15.3
42.4
33.3
4.3
11.5
5.2
18.0
4.3
11.8
21.8
183.8
21.5
6.1
27.6
35.4
6.9
7.7
50.0
14.7
17.4
98.4
130.5
4.8
24.0
3.4
11.8
44.1
6.5
6.1
11.6
24.3
14.9
30.9
45.8
446.9
51.4
78.0
58.6
16.9
52.8
704.6
8.4
1,219.1
3.2
4.1
4.5
11.0
28.2
20.1
2.9
8.2
2.6
11.9
2.6
7.0
13.3
119.6
18.0
5.9
23.9
24.9
3.8
7.2
36.0
9.5
14.8
59.2
83.5
3.2
18.6
2.7
9.3
33.8
9.4
4.5
13.1
26.9
17.2
25.7
42.9
551.4
57.9
52.8
45.4
11.3
51.0
769.8
6.0
1,142.4
3.6
4.6
5.5
13.1
36.2
25.7
3.2
10.0
3.3
13.1
3.6
8.8
14.1
144.7
23.6
6.0
29.6
35.6
5.5
7.2
48.3
14.1
17.2
79.9
111.2
4.6
26.1
2.3
11.7
44.7
8.6
5.0
11.2
24.8
19.5
27.5
47.1
587.6
64.9
63.6
52.4
17.8
56.9
843.2
7.8
1,301.4
4.0
5.0
6.1
14.0
40.7
26.5
3.6
11.0
3.8
13.1
3.9
9.0
14.1
154.8
26.9
6.5
33.4
40.9
6.3
7.6
54.7
14.2
18.3
89.2
121.7
5.3
25.0
2.6
12.8
45.8
7.5
5.3
12.0
24.9
20.9
28.6
49.6
641.2
69.8
64.1
56.4
18.1
62.3
911.9
6.9
1,403.6
3.8
4.5
5.9
12.6
37.5
21.5
3.4
10.4
3.3
10.5
3.5
8.4
13.4
138.6
28.5
6.3
34.7
42.3
6.3
8.9
57.5
15.6
20.4
96.2
132.2
4.9
25.2
3.0
14.1
47.2
8.0
5.4
13.0
26.4
18.2
30.2
48.3
660.1
72.4
63.9
54.1
17.8
69.4
937.6
7.2
1,429.8
3.5
4.3
5.8
12.5
37.7
21.6
3.4
10.2
3.4
10.4
3.5
8.1
13.9
138.3
31.3
6.4
37.7
43.0
5.6
10.2
58.8
14.9
18.6
95.6
129.0
5.1
26.4
2.8
15.0
49.3
7.6
5.4
16.0
29.0
16.7
31.1
47.8
700.2
73.7
65.3
51.6
18.5
75.7
984.9
6.6
1,481.4
Austria
Belgium-Luxembourg
Czech Republic
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Romania
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
Other EU
European Union (27)
Turkey
Others
Other Europe
Russia
Ukraine
Other CIS
CIS
Canada
Mexico
United States
NAFTA
Argentina
Brazil
Venezuela
Others
Central and South America
Egypt
South Africa
Other Africa
Africa
Iran
Other Middle East
Middle East
China
India
Japan
South Korea
Taiwan, China
Other Asia
Asia
Australia and New Zealand
World
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
498.6
508.4
636.8
269.2
517.7
603.9
250.8
315.6
257.4
549.3
530.0
210.7
339.5
403.1
339.6
210.7
295.5
281.8
174.0
115.5
218.3
470.4
164.0
358.2
318.8
117.3
116.2
132.2
61.7
93.6
71.0
118.9
19.6
34.1
259.4
250.7
221.8
316.6
43.9
641.7
1,162.2
787.1
57.6
187.8
326.1
197.4
479.3
487.0
629.8
246.8
513.7
555.8
260.9
301.3
239.4
398.6
469.8
192.9
308.3
370.0
302.5
199.1
267.3
247.4
149.5
111.8
193.7
440.4
157.1
322.7
290.6
120.5
125.5
121.2
66.3
98.9
83.5
124.2
23.5
39.1
205.6
299.1
227.3
336.4
43.2
616.0
1,227.0
733.0
57.2
193.6
322.8
195.3
385.9
367.4
431.6
176.1
342.2
333.2
175.1
214.2
122.8
260.2
275.9
113.6
187.8
239.8
250.9
161.1
220.5
174.4
84.1
103.0
139.2
283.1
132.0
192.4
184.2
80.0
96.1
94.1
51.6
75.0
117.4
89.6
25.9
42.4
235.0
229.4
207.6
413.1
47.9
417.1
946.8
487.2
54.5
209.5
225.0
180.9
433.8
410.0
526.1
208.1
440.3
423.6
190.2
260.0
152.9
283.6
388.1
141.7
198.6
289.1
323.9
163.4
270.0
249.2
120.5
103.1
186.9
414.2
152.1
257.4
243.0
114.3
133.9
78.2
63.8
98.1
106.2
99.8
21.6
38.2
264.3
239.9
222.7
438.0
53.0
502.4
1,087.3
766.3
60.2
227.3
288.6
204.0
470.6
446.3
575.5
222.0
495.5
436.1
218.0
287.8
175.6
282.3
412.3
144.5
198.3
308.4
365.7
175.5
302.3
286.0
140.1
106.8
211.5
412.6
159.3
284.9
263.2
130.9
127.3
88.5
69.1
99.4
91.2
105.4
22.6
37.4
280.0
239.4
229.5
475.8
56.2
506.7
1,165.3
777.9
65.1
243.5
248.8
217.7
445.5
396.1
553.7
198.0
457.3
352.8
203.4
271.6
155.3
224.2
368.8
134.4
188.1
275.4
381.9
170.1
311.7
296.5
139.8
125.1
222.1
449.2
175.8
304.6
283.3
119.8
126.9
100.0
75.2
101.4
95.2
106.8
23.9
38.9
240.4
240.9
219.3
487.6
57.5
505.7
1,112.8
763.2
71.6
248.1
257.9
219.5
414.5
378.1
546.8
196.0
460.2
354.3
205.8
266.9
157.8
221.0
368.8
127.7
195.4
274.2
415.4
172.8
335.5
301.9
124.7
141.7
227.0
425.0
158.1
300.2
274.0
122.1
131.9
93.3
78.8
104.6
88.9
105.8
28.8
41.8
219.0
241.3
213.0
515.1
57.8
516.4
1,057.4
793.4
77.1
258.2
235.4
225.2
17
PIG IRON
2012 AND 2013
million tonnes
million tonnes
Production
Austria
Belgium-Luxembourg
Czech Republic
Finland
France
Germany
Hungary
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Romania
Slovak Republic
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
Other EU
European Union (27)
Turkey
Others
Other Europe
Kazakhstan
Russia
Ukraine
Other CIS
CIS
Canada
Mexico
United States
NAFTA
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Other Latin America
Central and South America
South Africa
Other Africa
Africa
Iran
Other Middle East
Middle East
China
India
Japan
South Korea
Taiwan, China
Other Asia
Asia
Australia
New Zealand
Other Oceania
Oceania
World
18
Production
- Exports
+ Imports
2012
2013
2013
2013
Apparent
= Consumption
2013
5.8
4.1
3.9
2.1
9.5
27.0
1.2
9.4
5.9
4.0
1.6
3.5
3.1
2.8
7.2
91.2
8.6
1.2
9.8
2.8
50.5
28.5
81.9
7.7
4.6
32.1
44.3
2.1
26.9
1.1
0.4
30.5
4.6
0.9
5.5
2.1
2.1
670.1
48.0
81.4
41.7
11.8
1.7
854.7
3.7
0.7
4.4
1,124.3
6.2
4.3
4.0
2.1
10.3
27.2
0.6
6.9
5.7
4.0
1.3
3.6
3.9
2.9
9.5
92.6
9.2
1.2
10.4
2.8
50.1
29.1
82.0
6.1
4.9
30.3
41.3
2.6
26.2
0.8
0.4
30.0
4.9
0.9
5.8
2.0
2.0
709.0
50.3
83.8
41.0
13.3
1.7
899.1
3.5
0.7
4.2
1,167.3
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
3.9
2.3
0.0
6.2
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
2.7
0.0
2.7
0.6
0.0
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.3
1.1
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.2
1.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
12.5
0.0
0.3
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.0
1.5
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.1
3.4
1.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.3
4.1
4.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.0
0.1
1.0
0.8
0.6
2.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
12.1
6.2
4.4
4.0
2.1
10.4
27.5
0.6
8.4
5.8
4.1
1.4
3.6
4.2
2.9
9.5
0.0
95.1
10.1
1.2
11.4
2.8
46.2
26.8
0.1
75.9
6.1
5.2
34.4
45.6
2.7
23.5
0.8
0.4
27.3
4.3
0.9
5.2
2.0
0.1
2.1
709.0
49.2
83.7
42.0
14.1
2.0
900.1
3.5
0.7
0.0
4.2
1,166.9
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Germany
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.6
0.5
Sweden
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.7
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.6
0.5
0.7
0.6
Russia
3.3
3.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
5.2
5.1
5.3
Canada
0.4
0.9
0.7
0.3
0.6
0.7
0.8
1.2
Mexico
6.2
6.3
6.0
4.1
5.4
5.9
5.6
6.1
United States
0.2
0.3
0.3
NAFTA
6.9
7.4
7.0
4.5
6.0
6.6
6.4
7.3
1.5
Argentina
1.9
1.8
1.8
0.8
1.6
1.7
1.6
Brazil
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.0
Peru
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
2.1
2.1
1.6
1.2
1.8
1.7
1.7
2.1
Venezuela
8.4
7.8
6.8
5.5
3.8
4.5
4.5
2.6
12.9
12.1
10.7
7.6
7.2
7.9
7.9
6.2
Egypt
2.8
2.8
2.6
3.1
3.0
2.9
3.1
3.4
Libya
1.6
1.7
1.6
1.1
1.3
0.2
0.5
1.0
Nigeria
0.2
0.2
South Africa
1.8
1.7
1.2
1.3
1.1
1.4
1.5
1.3 (e)
Africa
6.3
6.4
5.4
5.5
5.4
4.5
5.1
5.7
Iran
6.9
7.5
7.4
8.1
9.4
10.4
11.6
14.5
1.5 (e)
Oman
1.1
1.5
Qatar
0.9
1.2
1.7
2.1
2.3
2.4
2.4
2.4
Saudi Arabia
3.6
4.1
4.5
4.6
4.9
5.2
5.0
5.3
1.2
1.8
2.7
3.1
11.4
12.8
13.6
14.8
17.7
20.8
23.1
26.7
China
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.0
India
15.0
20.1
20.9
23.4
24.8
21.3
15.6
14.6
Indonesia
1.2
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.3
1.2
0.5
0.6 (e)
Malaysia
1.3
1.9
2.0
2.4
2.4
2.9
2.3
2.4 (e)
Asia
17.7
23.5
24.2
27.0
28.5
25.4
18.5
17.6
World
59.2
66.4
66.0
64.5
70.0
70.9
66.8
69.6
(e): estimate
19
IRON ORE
2012
(1)
(2)
20
(66)
(61)
(60)
(64)
..
(65)
(65)
..
..
(61)
(57)
..
..
(65)
..
8.3
6.3
5.9
13.5
41.1
13.4
7.3
6.6
2.0
5.3
4.5
3.7
10.0
4.8
132.6
1.4
0.1
12.5
0.2
146.9
130.7
11.4
12.3
47.2
70.8
40.5
0.4
1.2
9.0
8.4
59.6
1.0
0.0
3.4
4.4
8.7
39.5
1,026.2
114.4
131.1
65.1
41.5
1,378.3
4.9
0.7
1,840.1
Total imports
6.1
6.3
5.9
13.6
40.7
13.4
28.3
6.6
2.0
5.4
4.5
0.0
10.1
4.9
147.8
0.0
0.1
7.8
0.3
156.0
3.2
6.5
1.4
5.1
13.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
10.1
10.1
0.6
5.1
5.7
25.3
745.4
2.8
131.1
64.8
43.8
988.0
4.0
0.0
1,205.2
36.7
2.3
24.7
15.0
61.4
14.9
0.1
2.0
157.1
120.4
Other Europe
1.5
0.0
3.7
0.3
2.9
0.2
8.6
8.6
CIS
0.0
0.0
3.8
0.0
3.8
0.0
NAFTA
0.2
0.0
0.0
9.3
0.7
0.1
0.0
10.3
1.0
Other America
0.1
1.9
10.8
0.0
0.0
12.8
2.0
5.5
0.2
0.0
0.2
22.2
2.2
0.1
0.0
30.4
28.2
China
1.6
0.9
35.8
27.2 182.8
91.8
61.2 418.8
820.1
758.9
Japan
0.0
2.2
2.2
37.5
7.7
7.6
78.7
135.9
128.3
Other Asia
0.0
1.6
0.2
2.4
31.6
5.8
1.1 116.2
158.9
157.8
Oceania
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.7
1.1
1.0
45.5
5.0
70.4
8.9
5.0
66.6
-111.6
-3.5
66.6
48.3 337.2
Destination
European Union (27)
Total exports
of which:
extra-regional exports*
Net exports
(exports - imports)
Oceania
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
20.9
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
22.9
0.1
0.1
44.3
0.7
3.7
0.3
0.0
49.0
73.3
34.5
4.4
11.2
50.1
326.5
11.7
9.1
7.0
1.8
356.1
2.0
12.3
54.0
5.7
73.9
23.4
0.0
28.4
0.0
0.2
35.4
64.1
524.1
1.7
1,215.6
Asia
(60)
(63)
(65)
(60)
2.2
0.4
26.5
29.1
2.1
3.7
5.0
39.9
200.9
39.4
15.3
53.2
107.9
367.0
12.1
10.3
16.0
0.2
405.6
3.0
12.3
56.8
4.9
77.0
37.5
280.8
140.0
0.5
33.1
454.4
525.0
2.4
1,850.6
Exporting Region
..
(65)
..
..
= Apparent
Consumption
(63)
+ Imports
NAFTA
(32)
- Exports
CIS
Austria
Belgium-Luxembourg
Czech Republic
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Romania
Slovakia
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
Other EU
European Union (27)
Bosnia-Herzegovina
Norway
Turkey
Other Europe
Europe
CIS
Canada
Mexico
United States
NAFTA
Brazil
Chile
Peru
Venezuela
Other America
Central and South America
Liberia
Mauritania
South Africa
Other Africa
Africa
Middle East
China(2)
India
Japan
South Korea
Other Asia
Asia
Australia
New Zealand and Other Oceania
World
Production
Other Europe
Fe
Content(1)
0.1
21
Year
500
450
400
350
Exports
1975
114.7
Production
506.9
Exports
share %
22.6
1980
140.6
578.7
24.3
1985
171.0
599.0
28.5
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013 (e)
62.6
51.2
56.6
55.3
52.2
50.9
3.3
2.8
3.1
3.2
2.0
1.9
24.1
16.5
19.1
21.7
20.3
22.2
20.5
1990
171.0
654.0
26.2
26.1
21.8
18.8
18.6
12.0
300
1991
177.1
660.1
26.8
16.8
7.6
11.4
13.0
14.5
17.4
250
1992
196.1
658.2
29.8
Wire rod
21.9
16.6
19.4
20.7
21.1
24.3
6.9
1993
222.5
665.0
33.5
Drawn wire
7.0
5.3
6.4
7.0
6.4
1994
238.6
656.3
36.3
6.0
3.1
4.6
5.7
4.9
4.9
1995
246.6
685.0
36.0
Hot-rolled strip
3.6
2.2
3.2
3.3
2.9
2.9
100
1996
236.4
686.5
34.4
Cold-rolled strip
50
1997
267.9
729.5
36.7
200
150
10
05
20
00
20
95
20
90
19
85
19
80
19
19
19
75
1998
268.7
712.6
37.7
1999
280.8
724.9
38.7
2000
307.1
782.5
39.2
2001
300.4
784.9
38.3
3.0
3.8
3.7
3.5
3.4
50.0
60.6
60.7
60.1
61.7
Plates
38.1
24.0
29.5
31.1
29.6
27.7
29.5
24.9
30.9
31.8
30.1
31.1
4.2
3.0
3.9
4.0
3.9
3.7
6.1
5.2
6.2
5.9
5.6
5.8
33.6
2002
319.0
836.1
38.2
Tinmill products
2003
332.3
898.1
37.0
Galvanised sheet
29.8
23.1
31.5
33.0
32.4
2004
365.9
984.3
37.2
10.9
8.1
11.4
14.6
14.4
13.9
2005
371.0
1,064.2
34.9
35.4
29.4
33.8
39.9
35.9
35.8
2006
418.0
1,160.1
36.0
0.5
0.7
0.8
0.6
0.6
0.6
2007
444.9
1,252.4
35.5
Castings
0.9
0.6
0.6
0.8
0.8
0.8
Forgings
1.2
0.5
0.7
0.8
0.7
0.8
Other
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Total
392.5
299.8
356.3
375.4
353.9
370.6
2008
436.6
1,246.7
35.0
2009
327.3
1,151.5
28.4
2010
388.8
1,334.3
29.1
2011
416.6
1,432.4
29.1
2012
414.0
1,443.9
28.7
2013
409.4
1.499.8
27.3
3.9
60.8
(e): estimate
260
240
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
22
20
12
20
13
20
11
20
10
20
09
20
08
20
07
20
06
20
05
20
04
20
03
20
02
20
01
20
00
80
23
Exporting Region
of which: extra-regional imports*
3.5
Total Imports
0.6
Oceania
0.4
Other Asia
Other Europe
0.5
Japan
16.0
China
5.3
CIS
95.1
Other America
Other Europe
European
Union (27)
Destination
NAFTA
Rank
0.3
4.2
0.0 125.9
30.8
20.1
10.9
0.7
7.3
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.7
0.3
0.7
0.0
20.8
CIS
2.7
0.7
9.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.6
0.2
0.6
0.0
16.3
7.0
NAFTA
6.2
1.4
2.1
19.4
4.6
0.3
3.1
3.5
8.0
0.3
48.7
29.4
Other America
1.6
1.4
0.6
2.5
3.1
0.1
5.9
1.3
1.5
0.1
18.1
15.0
Africa
8.1
3.2
4.3
0.2
0.2
1.4
4.6
1.2
2.2
0.0
25.4
24.0
Middle East
2.1
7.2
5.5
0.2
0.1
0.1
5.6
1.7
4.7
0.0
27.2
27.1
China
2.0
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.0
5.9
6.4
0.0
14.8
14.8
0.0
5.4
5.4
0.4 101.1
76.5
Japan
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
4.5
Other Asia
4.9
0.6
6.4
0.8
0.9
0.6
34.1
27.7
24.6
Oceania
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.3
2.4
133.8
20.5
51.7
23.9
9.7
3.4
61.5
42.5
59.8
38.7
19.8
42.3
4.5
6.5
1.9
61.5
42.5
35.2
0.8 253.9
Net Exports
(exports-imports)
7.9
-0.3
35.4 -24.9
-8.5 -49.2
46.7
37.1 -41.3
Total Exports
0.3
4.1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Mt
Rank
China
Japan
European Union (27) (1)
South Korea
Ukraine
Germany (2)
Russia
Turkey
Italy (2)
Belgium-Luxembourg (2)
France (2)
Belgium (2)
United States
Taiwan, China
India
Spain (2)
Netherlands (2)
United Kingdom (2)
Brazil
Austria (2)
61.5
42.5
38.7
28.9
24.7
24.3
23.6
17.3
16.9
16.6
14.2
13.9
12.5
11.6
10.1
9.3
8.8
8.4
8.1
7.0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Net Exports
(exports - imports)
Mt
Rank
China
Japan
Ukraine
Russia
South Korea
European Union (27) (1)
Belgium-Luxembourg (2)
Brazil
Taiwan, China
Belgium (2)
Austria (2)
Turkey
Netherlands (2)
Slovakia (2)
India
46.8
37.1
23.0
17.1
9.9
7.9
5.3
4.4
3.8
3.8
3.7
2.8
2.6
2.6
2.3
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Total Imports
(1)
Mt
30.8
30.3
22.1
19.0
15.9
15.6
14.8
14.5
13.2
12.3
11.3
10.1
10.0
8.9
8.1
7.8
7.7
7.5
7.4
6.7
3.8
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
-3.0
(1)
(2)
24
Total Exports
Net Imports
(imports - exports)
United States
Thailand
Indonesia
Vietnam
Saudi Arabia
United Arab Emirates
Algeria
Philippines
Iraq
Egypt
Singapore
Hong Kong
Canada
Poland (2)
Iran
Mt
17.8
14.4
11.6
8.6
6.4
5.3
5.1
4.8
4.5
3.9
3.9
3.2
3.1
3.1
2.7
25
million tonnes
26
Destination
Total Imports
1.1
4.2
0.1
0.5
0.0
2.4
5.3
0.3
5.0
1.7
0.5
0.4
4.7
0.3
0.3
3.3
30.2
19.7
0.9
20.7
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
1.7
0.9
3.9
6.5
0.1
0.6
0.6
0.0
3.2
3.3
0.1
4.5
0.2
9.3
4.5
14.6
33.0
0.0
95.0
Oceania
1.1
4.1
0.1
0.5
0.2
2.7
5.5
0.5
5.3
1.9
0.4
0.3
4.3
0.2
0.3
4.1
31.3
22.4
0.9
23.3
1.4
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.4
1.8
2.3
0.9
3.7
7.0
0.1
0.5
0.5
0.0
2.5
2.5
0.2
5.0
0.2
10.1
5.0
17.6
37.8
0.0
104.6
Asia
1.0
3.2
0.6
1.9
0.3
6.0
8.4
0.1
0.3
4.2
1.9
0.4
0.5
1.3
6.9
7.0
43.9
0.1
2.2
2.3
0.7
3.7
0.3
0.2
4.9
4.5
0.8
18.5
23.8
0.5
1.3
1.7
1.5
0.8
2.3
1.9
0.0
8.1
0.2
0.1
2.8
11.2
2.7
94.6
1.0
3.5
0.7
1.9
0.4
6.1
8.9
0.1
0.3
4.8
1.8
0.4
0.7
1.5
7.3
7.5
46.9
0.1
2.3
2.4
0.0
0.8
4.3
0.4
0.2
5.8
4.2
0.9
21.4
26.5
0.4
1.4
1.8
1.6
1.0
2.6
2.2
0.0
8.6
0.2
0.1
2.9
11.8
2.8
102.7
Other America
2013
NAFTA
2012
CIS
2013
Other Europe
Exporting Region
Imports
2012
Exports
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Slovak Republic
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
Other EU
European Union (27)
Turkey
Others
Other Europe
Byelorussia
Kazakhstan
Russia
Ukraine
Other CIS
CIS
Canada
Mexico
United States
NAFTA
Brazil
Other Central and South America
Central and South America
South Africa
Other Africa
Africa
Middle East
China
Japan
South Korea
Taiwan, China
Other Asia
Asia
Australia and New Zealand
World
26.8
1.6
1.0
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
30.1
3.2
Other Europe
11.5
1.5
2.4
5.5
0.0
0.7
0.0
0.0
21.6
20.1
CIS
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.0
NAFTA
0.3
1.0
5.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.6
1.4
Other America
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.5
1.8
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.4
3.3
China
0.0
0.0
0.1
1.2
0.0
0.0
2.9
0.2
4.4
1.5
Japan
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.2
0.0
Other Asia
2.9
0.1
0.8
9.5
1.4
2.3
7.8
2.5
27.4
19.6
Oceania
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Total Exports
43.5
4.3
4.9
23.7
1.7
3.2
11.0
2.8
95.0
49.7
16.7
2.7
4.3
18.5
1.6
3.2
0.1
2.7
49.7
Net Exports
(exports-imports)
13.4 -17.4
4.3
17.1
1.1
-0.2 -16.4
2.7
27
Mt
Indirect exports, Mt
Indirect exports as a percentage
of exports of steel products, %
350
80
300
Year
Indirect Exports, Mt
2000
170.5
2001
176.6
2002
185.8
75
250
70
200
150
65
100
60
50
55
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
2003
197.2
2004
222.5
2005
247.8
2006
267.9
2007
290.1
2008
300.9
2009
229.8
2010
283.3
2011
321.5
2012
318.7
Indirect trade in steel takes place through exports and imports of steel
containing goods and is expressed in finished steel equivalent of products used.
Further explanation on definitions and methodology of indirect trade in steel can
be found in working paper Indirect trade in steel: definitions, methodology and
applications, World Steel Association, April 2012.
Germany
France
Italy
Spain
United Kingdom
European Union (27)
Turkey
Other Europe
Russia
CIS
Canada
Mexico
United States
NAFTA
Brazil
South America
Africa and Middle East
China
Japan
South Korea
Asia and Oceania
Total (1)
(1)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Indirect Exports
China
Germany (1)
Japan
South Korea
United States
Italy (1)
Mexico
Spain (1)
France (1)
Poland (1)
Mt
Rank
69.4
30.1
26.9
25.4
22.9
12.8
11.3
8.6
8.6
8.2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Indirect Imports
United States
Germany (1)
Canada
China
France (1)
Russia
Mexico
United Kingdom (1)
Belgium-Luxembourg (1)
Japan
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
32.2
19.0
31.6
24.6
18.0
194.6
21.5
28.3
47.6
60.6
20.2
16.9
127.1
164.2
20.9
40.9
60.1
375.5
58.5
42.1
601.3
1,150.0
33.0
18.4
28.5
16.9
15.9
176.8
18.7
26.6
44.4
56.1
20.2
17.3
111.3
148.8
23.8
45.2
66.0
399.7
55.1
44.2
628.3
1,147.7
22.2
14.2
17.5
9.7
9.9
113.7
16.2
21.7
28.2
35.6
14.0
14.1
68.9
97.0
19.1
35.5
59.5
515.7
36.6
29.1
703.8
1,066.7
29.9
16.0
22.6
11.9
12.7
139.5
22.3
28.9
41.7
49.7
20.0
16.1
91.2
127.3
27.5
48.1
63.9
537.4
42.8
33.8
760.0
1,217.5
32.8
17.9
22.3
10.3
12.8
144.8
25.9
32.5
49.9
59.7
20.7
16.0
101.6
138.3
27.1
51.0
67.8
583.4
43.7
35.6
815.5
1,309.6
28.6
15.8
15.4
7.4
12.1
122.0
27.1
34.1
51.9
63.0
22.6
18.8
111.5
152.9
27.1
52.3
66.9
603.3
43.9
35.2
847.5
1,338.6
Mt
38.2
21.2
12.9
12.7
11.8
11.6
9.7
9.7
7.5
6.8
2007
31.9
17.9
31.0
24.6
17.9
186.1
19.3
25.8
39.3
49.8
22.3
16.6
140.0
178.9
16.9
35.6
49.5
342.6
57.5
37.5
551.6
1,077.5
Total comprises 64 countries, the most signifi cant users of steel products worldwide
2006
Mexico
United Kingdom
Spain
France
Japan
United States
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
(1)
28
Mt
Rank
56.7
20.1
18.9
8.9
6.1
1
2
3
4
5
Data for individual European Union (27) countries include intra-European trade
Mt
15.3
9.6
7.0
5.4
3.7
Russia
Turkey
Italy
Germany
China
Canada
South Korea
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
29
ABOUT WORLDSTEEL
The World Steel Association (worldsteel) is one of the largest and most
dynamic industry associations in the world. worldsteel represents
approximately 170 steel producers (including 17 of the worlds 20 largest
steel companies), national and regional steel industry associations, and
steel research institutes. worldsteel members represent around 85% of
world steel production.
worldsteel.org