JOB HAZARD

RECOGNITION,
EVALUATION &
CONTROL

Hazards that can lead

to accidents and workrelated illnesses.

An accident
is the result of
contact of a
body with a
source
of
energy above
the threshold
limit of that
body

COMMON ACCIDENTS

Struck by

Struck against

Fall from a height

Fall on same level

Caught in
Caught on
Electrocution
Overload

CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS

Unsafe Condition - seen as a physical or chemical

property in the material

Unsafe Act - a violation of safe procedure

act of omission
act of commission

Three Steps to Control Accidents &

Work-related illness:
Identify

Evaluate

Correct

IDENTIFY THE HAZARD

Inspection (Before)

Investigation (After)

EVALUATE THE
HAZARD

OSHA standards

NIOSH

TLV

CORRECT THE HAZARD

Engineering Control

Administrative Control

Personal Protective Equipment

ENGINEERING METHODS
Eliminate or reduce the hazard by:

Initial design specification

Substitution

Isolation (Place)

Ventilation, others . . .

ADMINISTRATIVE METHODS
Control of employees exposure

Scheduled reduced work hours in
contaminated areas

Increased breaks

SOPs

Isolation (Time)

Medical Exams

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT
- barrier aids in controlling individual
exposure to hazards

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
The promotion and maintenance of the
highest degree of physical, mental and
social well-being of workers in all
occupations
ILO/WHO 1950

TYPES OF HAZARDS
Physical Hazards

Chemical Hazards

Biological Hazards

Ergonomic Hazards

PHYSICAL HAZARDS

Noise

Vibration

Extremes Temperatures

Too Much/Poor Illumination

High/Low Pressure

CHEMICAL HAZARDS
Liquids

Solids

Gas

CHEMICAL HAZARDS
Routes of entry

Inhalation

Ingestion

Dermal contact

Eye contamination

BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS
Bacteria

Viruses

Fungi

Insects/Parasites

ERGONOMIC HAZARDS

Improper Tools and Equipment Design

Unnecessary/ Unusual Lifting or
Reaching
Repetitive Motions
Stress at Work

Mismatch between
The worker & his work

HAZARD RECOGNITION

Visible dust clouds or fumes

Eye or skin irritation on walk-through
Road excavation
Need to raise voice to communicate
Change of nail polish
Poor work practice
Poor plant layout
Noontime sun
Octopus connections

WORK ENVIRONMENT
MEASUREMENT (WEM)

is the direct measurement

of hazards, environmental
stresses
and
their
hazardous effects on the
workers health.

PURPOSE OF WEM

Determine the magnitude of harmful
environmental agents;

Predict the harmfulness of new facilities,
processes and methods;

To monitor workers exposure to hazards;

Evaluate the effectiveness of control

measures adopted for improvement;

Maintain a favorable working condition.

WORK ENVIRONMENT
MEASURING INSTRUMENTS

NOISE - Sound level meter, frequency analyzer.

LIGHT - Luxmeter or Lightmeter

EXTREMES OF TEMPERATUTE Thermometer

RADIATION Film badge, Thermoluminiscence

detectors, Pocket dosimeter.

CHEMICAL AGENTS Gas and Vapor monitors.

BIOLOGIC AGENTS Microscope.

WEM CONTROL METHODS

Substitution

Changing the
process

Isolation

Wet methods

Local exhaust
ventilation

PPE
Personal hygiene
Housekeeping
Waste disposal
Medical controls
Administrative
control