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Page 1 of 152

I want to learn to
speak Spanish!

Quiero aprender
hablar espaol!

Lynn Cobb

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Leccin

pgina
Abecedario

Los nmeros
Llamarse simplified

Introducing yourself

Introducing other
people
Regular AR, ER & IR
verbs + SER & TENER
La familia
Repasa lecciones 1-4
Preguntas y posesivos
Pronunciacin y gnero

3
4
5-6
7-8
9-10
11-12

En mi casa hay.

12b

Como su casa no hay


dos
Describir las casa
como es

13-14

17

Repaso
Simple grammar terms
& use of a dictionary

18

ESTAR y preposiciones
de posicin

19

Dnde est el cine?

20

Slaba tnica

21
22

Ms verbos 1
Prctica con los verbos
Ms repaso

23

Ir de compras

24

Me duele

24b

26

No me encuentro bien
Men del da
Pedir en un restaurante
y los gustos
Ms gustos

27

Qu hora es?

15-16

25

Lynn Cobb

Names & pronunciation


of the letters of the
alphabet
Numbers
LLAMARSE to call
oneself Im called,
youre called etc.
Basic personal
information
Basic personal questions
& answers
Talking about yourself
Talking about the family
Revision of lessons 1-4
Questions & possessives
Pronunciation & gender
of words. The definite &
indefinite article.
Describing things in the
house + HAY
More about the home

4
6
7
9
11

12
15
17
18
22
26
30

Use of ser & gender of


adjectives

33

Revision of lessons 7-14


How to find the most
appropriate translation
of a word
ESTAR to be
Next to, on, behind etc.

36

Names of shops &


PODER
More about
pronunciation
Some verbs to learn
Some verb practice
Revision of ESTAR &
prepositions of position
Going shopping useful
phrases & vocabulary
Parts of the body &
simple ailments
More about illnesses
Menu for lesson 25
GUSTAR & ordering in a
restaurant
More practice with
GUSTAR
Telling the time

49

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42

45

51
53
54
57
61
65
67
70
71
74
79
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27b

A qu hora..?

28

Qu ests haciendo?

29

Vamos a hablar del


futuro.
Repaso- preposiciones
de posicin
Ms repaso

30
31

32
33
34

Repaso
Qu guapa es!

35
36
37
38
39

Ms repaso
SER v ESTAR
Ms verbos 2
Repasar GUSTAR
Estamos repasando
Qu tiempo hace hoy?

40
41

Vamos a repasar
No sola hablar espaol.

42

Mapa leccin 42
Cmo voy a?

43
44
45
46
47

48
49

50

Lynn Cobb

Repaso

Este, ese y aquel


Hablar espaol es ms
fcil que hablar ingls!
Para v Por
Hay v Est/n
Hemos aprendido
hablar espaol!
Hay que practicar
espaol todos los das
Abre la puerta, que tu
padre ha llegado a
casa.
Hay alguien all?

Times of day +
EMPEZAR, IR VOLVER,
Use of ESTAR & the
gerund .ing words
Talking about the future
with IR+a+verb
Revision of propositions
of position
De dnde es? Paises y
nacionalidades.
Repaso de preposiciones
de posicin. La casa. El
gerundio
Datos personales
Describir a una persona.
SER
Traduciendo frases
Usando los dos verbos
Prctica con GUSTAR
Prctica con el gerundio
Talking about the
weather
Repasar IR + a + verbo
Como usar SOLER hablar
del pasado
Asking for & giving
directions
This that & the other
Comparativos

81
84
87
89
90

91
95
97
100
103
107
108
112
114
118
112
124
125
128
132

Usando PARA y POR


Usando HAY y Estar
We have learned to
speak Spanish!
perfecto de indicativo
Tener que, hay que, se
puede
Imperativo giving
instructions

136
138

Indefinidos

151

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145
148

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ALPHABET-ABECEDARIO
Most of the letters in Spanish 'say' more or less what they do
in English. The main difference is, once you know the 'rules',
you will be able to read or spell any word correctly. Did you
know that kids in Spanish schools don't have 'spelling tests,
like they do in the UK? This is because the spelling is straightforward & logical -none of
this 'rough, trough, Slough - or there, their, they're'! Obviously there will be regional
variations in pronunciation - this is a sort of 'generic' guide. Also remember that when
reading a word in Spanish, every letter is pronounced, except with gue/gui & qu - and of
course the silent 'h'.

VOWELS-VOCALES
A E I O U

A
E
I
O
U

Lynn Cobb

name-nombre

sound-sonido

English example

Ejemplo
espaol

a
e

a
eh

apple
egg

agua
escribe

i
o
u

ee
o
oo

igloo
orange
you

kilo
espaol
uva

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CONSONANTS CONSONANTES
name-nombre
B
C

be
ce(seh)

CH
D
F
G

che
de
efe
ge(heh)

H
J
K
L
Ll

hache (atcheh)
jota (hota)
ka
ele
elle (elyeh)

M
N

eme
ene
ee (enyeh)

P
Q

sound-sonido
b
c + a, o, u = k
c + e, i = th

English example
bed
cat, cot, cut
ceiling

tch
d
f
g + a, o, u = g
gu + e, i = g
g + e, i = x
silent
x
k
l
lyer

chocolate
day
find
gate, gone, gun
genie

cu (koo)

m
n
nyer
P
qu + e, i = k

mix
nothing
pear
-

R
S
T
V
W
X
Y

ere
ese
te
uve
uve doble
equis (ekees)
i griega

r/rr
s
t
bv
w
ks
ee/y

rose
sun
tomato
William
exam
yoghurt

zeta

z /th

Lynn Cobb

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kilo
lamp
-

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ejemplo
espaol
bien
casa,
cine,
cerrado
chocolate
da
fumar
gato, pago,
agua genio,
giro
hotel
jefe, jirafa
kilo
lmpara
llave,
amarillo
mesa
nada
nio, ao
pera
queso,
quiero
rosa, arroz
sol
tomate
vino, vaca
William
examen
(Ana) y
(Juan)
yogur
zapato, azul

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LOS NMEROS

Lynn Cobb

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

uno
dos
tres
cuatro
cinco
seis
siete
ocho
nueve
diez

11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

once
doce
trece
catorce
quince
diecisis
diecisiete
dieciocho
diecinueve
veinte

21

veintiuno

199

30
35
40
48

200
300
400
500

50
60
70
80
90
100

treinta
treinta y cinco
cuarenta
cuarenta y
ocho
cincuenta
sesenta
setenta
ochenta
noventa
cien

ciento noventa
y nueve
doscientos
trescientos
cuatrocientos
quinientos

600
700
800
900
1000
1999

103

ciento tres

2000

seiscientos
setecientos
ochocientos
novecientos
mil
mil novecientos
noventa y
nueve
dos mil

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llamarse simplified
A reflexive verb is one that relates to oneself. The first one we usually learn is
llamarse. Reflexive verbs are formed by adding se to the end which indicates
that the action relates to oneself.
Llamar = to call (for example on the phone)
eg. Llamo a Juan = I call Juan
Llamarse = to call oneself
eg. Me llamo Juan = I call myself Juan

In use the se moves to the front of the verb, and changes to indicate who is
performing the action
Yo

me

myself

te

yourself (informal)

se

himself

Ella

se

herself

Usted

se

yourself (formal)

Nosotros

nos

ourselves

Vosotros

os

yourselves (informal)

Ellos/Ellas

se

themselves

Ustedes

se

yourselves (formal)

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So for llamarse

(Yo)

me

llamo

I call myself

(T)

te

llamas

you call yourself (informal)

(l)

se

llama

he calls himself

(Ella)

se

llama

she calls herself

(Usted)

se

llama

you call yourself (formal)

(Nosotros)

nos

llamamos

we call ourselves

(Vosotros)

os

llamis

you call yourselves (informal)

(Ellos/Ellas)

se

llaman

they call themselves

(Ustedes)

se

llaman

you call yourselves (formal)

Cmo te llamas? = What do you call yourself? (we would probably say whats
your name?, although that isnt the precise translation.)
Me llamo Carlos. = I call myself Carlos (or Im called Carlos/my names Carlos
again not precise translations)

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LECCIN 1 - LESSON 1
Introducing yourself
Hola. - hello

Me llamo Jane Im called Jane

Soy ingls/inglesa Im English

Soy de Londres, en Inglaterra.

Im from London, in England


Tengo veintiuno (21) aos. Im 21

Soy profesor/profesora. Im a teacher

Estoy casado/casada - Im married


Estoy soltero/soltera. Im single

Tengo dos (2) hijos. I have 2 children

Vivo en Valencia. I live in Valencia

Lynn Cobb

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Lets practice! Practicamos!


Answer the questions in Spanish

1. Cmo te llamas? (What are you called?)


2. Cul es tu nacionalidad? (What is your nationality?)
3. De dnde eres? (Where are you from?)
4. Cuntos aos tienes? (How old are you?)
5. Qu haces? (What do you do?)
6. Ests casado/a o soltero/a? (Are you married or single?)
7. Tienes hijos? (Do you have children?)
8. Dnde vives? (Where do you live?)

Lynn Cobb

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LECCIN 2 LESSON 2
Hola!
Qu tal?
Buenos das!
Cmo ests?
Bien, y t?
Muy bien, gracias.
Esta es
Este es
Ella es de.
El es de.
Ella vive en..
El vive en..
Encantada / Encantado
Mucho gusto

Lynn Cobb

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LECCIN 3 LESSON 3
It isnt absolutely necessary to always say yo, t, el etc. when you are
speaking Spanish, because the ending of the word tells you who is doing the
action. All regular verbs (action words) follow the same pattern. There are
three kinds of regular verbs, known as
AR, ER & IR, for example TRABAJAR, COMER & VIVIR
Unfortunately the two most useful verbs are irregular verbs, meaning that
they dont follow the usual pattern.

SER - TO BE
YO
T

EL/ELLA
USTED

SOY
ERES
ES
ES

I am

NOSOTROS

you are
(singular
informal)
he/she is

VOSOTROS

you are
(singular
formal)

SOMOS
SOIS
SON
SON

ELLOS/ELLAS
USTEDES

we are
you are
(plural
informal)
they are
you are
(plural
formal)

TENER -TO HAVE


YO
T

TENGO
TIENES

EL/ELLA

TIENE

USTED

TIENE

Lynn Cobb

I have

NOSOTROS

TENEMOS

we have

you have
(singular
informal)
he/she
has
you have
(singular
formal)

VOSOTROS

TENIS

ELLOS/ELLAS

TIENEN

USTEDES

TIENEN

you have
(plural
informal)
they
have
you have
(plural
formal)

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TRABAJAR TO WORK
TRABAJO

I work

NOSOTROS

TRABAJAMOS

we work

TRABAJAS

you work
(singular
informal)

VOSOTROS

TRABAJIS

you work
(plural
informal)

EL/
ELLA

TRABAJA

ELLOS/
ELLAS

TRABAJAN

USTED

TRABAJA

he/she
Works
you work
(singular
formal)

USTEDES

TRABAJAN

they
work
you work
(plural
formal)

YO
T

COMER TO EAT
YO

COMO

I eat

NOSOTROS

COMES

you eat
(singular
informal)

VOSOTROS

EL/
ELLA

COME

ELLOS/
ELLAS

COMEN

they eat

USTED

COME

he/she
eats
you eat
(singular
formal)

USTEDES

COMEN

you eat
(plural
formal)

COMEMOS
COMIS

we eat
you eat
(plural
informal)

VIVIR TO LIVE
YO

VIVO

I live

NOSOTROS

VIVES

you live
(singular
informal)

VOSOTROS

EL/
ELLA

VIVE

ELLOS/
ELLAS

VIVEN

they live

USTED

VIVE

he/she
lives
you live
(singular
formal)

USTEDES

VIVEN

you live
(plural
formal)

Lynn Cobb

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VIVIMOS
VIVS

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we live
you live
(plural
informal)

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Mara habla de su familia

Me llamo Mara Romero. Soy profesora. Soy andaluza, pero vivo en


Valencia. Trabajo en un instituto. Mi marido se llama Juan, es mdico
y trabaja en un hospital. El es cataln. Tenemos dos hijos, Jess y
Ana; los dos son estudiantes. Jess tiene 13 aos y estudia en el
instituto. Es un poco vago. Ana tiene 19 aos y estudia en la
universidad. Es muy trabajadora.

Cada da Juan come en un restaurante cerca del hospital, y Ana come


en la cafetera en la universidad. Jess y yo comemos juntos en casa.

Lets practice! Practicamos!


Now use the above as a template to talk about yourself & your
family:
Me llamo Soy.pero vivo en
etc.

Lynn Cobb

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LECCIN 4 -La Familia

Hola, me llamo Jorge, y hoy es el cumpleaos de mi abuelo Javier. Tambin en la foto es mi


prima Ana y su padre Juan. Juan es el hermano de mi madre Amelia. Esperanza es la madre
de mi madre y Juan. Es mi abuela. La madre de Ana se llama Laura, y mi padre se llama
Tomas.
abuelo/abuela grandfather/grandmother
hermano/hermana brother/sister
marido/esposo husband
primo/prima cousin

padre/madre father/mother
hijo/hija son/daughter
mujer/esposa - wife

to/ta uncle/aunt

nieto/nieta grandson/grand-daughter
suegro/suegra father-in-law/mother-in-law
sobrino/sobrina nephew/niece
cuado/cuada brother-in-law/sister-in-law
hijastro/hijastra stepson/stepdaughter
padrastro/madrastra stepfather/stepmother
hermanastro/hermanastra stepbrother/stepsister

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Esperanza es la..........................................................de Jorge y Ana.


El seor con camiseta azul es el . de Ana.
Jorge y Ana son . .
La madre de Ana se llama .
Ana es la . de Jorge.
Esperanza es la de Juan y Amelia.
Tomas es el . de Jorge
Jorge y Ana son los .. de Esperanza y Javier.
Sami es la de Jorge.
Ana es la de Laura y Juan.
Jorge es el .. de Juan y Laura.
Tomas es el . de Laura y Juan.

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LECCIONES 5 y 6 REPASA
Use the correct part of the verb to fill the gaps. Some are used more than
once.

llamarse, estudiar, vivir, ser, tener, trabajar, hablar


Hola (1)...................................... Juan Garca, (2). medico.
(3) con mi familia en Zaragoza. Estoy casado y
(4) un hijo de quince aos. Mi mujer (5)..
Susana y (6) peluquera, (7).. en una
peluquera cerca de nuestra casa. Mi hijo (8).. en el
instituto,(9) un buen estudiante. En mi casa
(10) . tambin mi madre, tiene 68 aos y (11). viuda.
Ella nos ayuda en el trabajo de la casa.
------------------------------------------------------------------

Mira esta foto, (12). Ignacio, mi novio.


(13). 23 aos y (14) .. informtico,
(15).. en una empresa de ordenadores. (16).. de Argentina
pero ahora (17).. en Tarragona. (18). ingls y
francs, (19) muy inteligente.

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LECCIONES 7 y 8 PREGUNTAS y POSESIVOS


Often in Spanish you can ask a question using the same words as if you were
making a statement the only difference being the tone of voice used. You put
what I call the Aussie lift into your tone - just watch Neighbours or Home &
Away almost everything they say sounds like a question!
When reading Spanish, its really easy to know when you are reading a question
because they put a question mark at the beginning as well as at the end!
Tu hermano vive en Inglaterra. Your brother lives in England.
Tu hermano vive en Inglaterra? Does your brother live in England?
Trabajan en un hospital They work in a hospital
Trabajan en un hospital? Do they work in a hospital?

There are of course some words that make it obvious that you are asking a
question:

cmo
cundo
dnde
quin
qu
cul
cunto/cunta
cuntos/cuntas

Lynn Cobb

how
when
where
who
what
which
how much
how many

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POSESIVOS POSSESSIVES
An important point to remember is that the possessive word (mi, tu
etc. becomes plural if the possessions are plural

yo

my

singular
possession
mi

plural possessions
mis

tu

tus

el/ella/usted

your
(single
possessor)
his/her/its

su

sus

nosotros

our

nuestro/nuestra

nuestros/nuestras

vuestro/vuestra

vuestros/vuestras

vosotros

your
(plural
possessor)
their

ellos/ellas/
su
sus
ustedes
Note the changes with the gender (masculine or feminine) of the
possession for our & your
Es mi hija. Shes my daughter

Es tu hija Shes your daughter

Es vuestra hija? Is she your daughter? (talking to 2 people)


Es nuestra hija Shes our daughter
Son vuestros padres? Are they your parents?
Son nuestros padres Theyre our parents
Son mis libros Theyre my books

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Page 20 of 152

yo

el/ella/usted
nosotros

ours

vosotros

plural
possessions
mos / mas

tuyo / tuya

tuyos / tuyas

suyo / suya

suyos / suyas

nuestro /
nuestra

nuestros /
nuestras

vuestro /
vuestra
suyo / suya

vuestros /
vuestras
suyos / suyas

mine
yours
(single
possessor)
his/hers/its

singular
possession
mo / ma

yours
(plural
possessor)
theirs

ellos/ellas/
ustedes
Note the changes with the gender (masculine or feminine) of the
possession in all cases
Es mi hija. Shes my daughter

Es ma Shes mine

Es tu hija Shes your daughter

Es tuya shes yours

Es vuestra hija? Is she your daughter?


Es nuestra hija Shes our daughter

Es vuestra? Is she yours?

Es nuestra Shes ours

Son vuestros padres? Are they your parents?

Son vuestros? Are they

yours?
Son nuestros padres Theyre our parents
Son mis libros Theyre my books

Lynn Cobb

Son nuestros Theyre ours

Son mos Theyre mine

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Lets practice! Practicamos!


Answer the questions in Spanish

1. De dnde eres?
2. Cuntos tos tienes?
3. Cmo se llama el mayor? (the oldest)
4. Quin es tu favorito?
5. Dnde vives?
6. Vives en una casa o en un apartamento?
7. Cuntos dormitorios tiene tu casa?
8. Cul es tu pelcula favorita? (film)
9. Cundo estudias espaol?

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LECCIONES 9 y 10- PRONUNCIACIN Y


GNERO
PRONUNCIACIN / PRONUNCIATION
The most important thing to remember about pronunciation is the vowel sounds

A as in Apple
E as in Egg
I as in Igloo
O as in Orange
U as in bOOk, or sOOn
(depending on your accent in English!)
The other main difference is that ll is pronounced as y as in
yoghurt or, if you can manage it lyer. There is also the extra letter
, which is pronounced nyer. It is important to remember that
usually every letter is pronounced. There is a more comprehensive
guide to pronunciation in the alphabet handout.
Try reading this, then again saying just the vowels!

Hola! Me llamo Nuria Garca. Soy de Teulada pero


ahora vivo en La Nucia. Tengo tres hermanos.
o a e a o u i a a i a. o e e u a a e o a o a i o e a
u i a. e o e e a o.

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GNERO / GENDER
Everything in Spanish has a gender masculine or feminine - although strictly
speaking it is the noun or naming word that has the gender rather than the
actual thing. Most of the time it is easy to tell if the noun is masculine or
feminine.
Generally speaking, nouns that end in D, A, Z & IN are feminine, and
everything else is masculine. There are of course some exceptions, but they are
very few, and its best just to learn them as you go. My personal favourite
exception is el problema the noun might appear to be feminine, but the
problem is in fact masculine!
Why do we need to know the gender of a noun? Simply because the gender of
the noun dictates almost everything else we say! Dont worry too much though
Spanish is a very musical language, so that very often everything just rhymes.
Here are some examples of things you will find around the house:

la mesa
la silla
el silln
los armarios
el horno
la televisin
la lmpara
las cortinas
el espejo
la toalla
la lavadora

Lynn Cobb

feminine

the table
the chair
the armchair
the cupboards
the oven
the television
the lamp
the curtains
the mirror
the towel

feminine

the washing machine

feminine
feminine
masculine
masculine
masculine
feminine
feminine
feminine
masculine

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Also at this point you need to know the following:

el
la
los
las
un
una
unos
unas

the (masculine single)


the (feminine single)
the (masculine plural)
the (feminine plural)
a (masculine single)
a (feminine single)
some (masculine)
some (feminine)

To make plurals the rule is very simple: - if the noun ends in a vowel
you add an s to the end, if it ends in a consonant, you add es. Again
there are very few exceptions.

la mesa las mesas


una televisin unas televisiones
el silln los sillones
un armario unos armarios

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write the plural

singular
un coche
el profesor
una ventana
la taza
un hotel
el ordenador
la chica
la profesora
la casa
un apartamento
el espejo
la baera
la piscina
el bar
un restaurante
la ciudad
el pueblo

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plural

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LECCIONES 11 y 12 EN MI CASA HAY..


En espaol hay una palabra que significa
there is there are is there? y are there?
In Spanish there is just one word which means
there is there are is there? & are there?
This magic word is

HAY
hay is always used with un, una, unos, & unas
e.g. Hay una mesa There is a table

& with nmeros


Hay cuatro sillas There are four chairs

with common nouns (names of things)


Hay leche? Is there any milk?
Hay cacahuetes? Are there any peanuts?

& with muchos, pocas, algunos (many/a lot, a few, some.....................)


Hay muchas sillas there are a lot of chairs

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En la cocina hay..............

un quemador............................

una nevera..............................

una lavavajillas.........................

un horno..................................

un fregadero..........................

un horno microondas...........

una lavadora..

una mesa

unos armarios.

dos sillas

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En el cuarto de bao hay

unos armarios.....

un lavabo..... una baera.....

unas toallas.....

un espejo.....

En el dormitorio hay.

unas lmparas
unos cuadros..

Lynn Cobb

una cama..dos mesitas de noche..


dos toldos

dos ventanas

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En el saln hay

dos sofs.

un equipo de msica

dos sillones..

una televisin.........

dos mesitas.........

una lmpara

una librera

unos cojines.

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LECCIN 12 (b)
COMO SU CASA NO HAY DOS - THERES NO PLACE LIKE HOME

nevera

escritorio

espejo
baera

mesa de comedor

silln

sof

mesita de noche

cama individual

silla (2)

armarios

lavavajillas

lavabo

estantera

chimenea

cama de matrimonio
guarda ropa

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mesita

aseo/inodoro
horno

fregadero

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Lets practice! Practicamos!


Answer the questions in spanish using the picture of the house

Eg Qu hay en el comedor? (what is in the dining room?)

En el comedor hay una mesa, seis sillas y un espejo.


1. Qu hay en la cocina?

2. Qu hay en el cuarto de bao?

3. Qu hay en el saln?

4. Qu hay en el dormitorio grande?

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5. Qu hay en el desvn?

6. Qu hay en el dormitorio pequeo?

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LECCIONES 13 y 14
DESCRIBIR LA CASA CMO ES
TO DESCRIBE THE HOUSE WHAT IT IS LIKE

SE ALQUILA
Este apartamento precioso est en una calle tranquila cerca
del centro del pueblo. Es un poco pequeo, pero est en un
barrio muy agradable. Tambin es muy barato. Tiene un
dormitorio bonito, un cuarto de bao con ducha y aseo, una
cocina moderna con horno, lavavajillas y nevera. Todos son
nuevos! El saln es muy cmodo y luminoso y hay un
balcn enorme con cara al sur, y vistas maravillosas del mar
y las montaas. Hay parking detrs del edificio.
We use adjectives to describe, things, people & places. Generally speaking, in
Spanish, the adjective is placed after the name of the thing (rather than
before it, as in English). If you think about it, it makes sense that way, after all,
what it is, is more important than the colour of it!
As always in Spanish think rhyme. The adjective or describing word goes with
the noun or naming word.

e.g. Una camiseta roja a red t-shirt


Unos pantalones rojos some red trousers
El nio alto the tall child
Las mesas blancas the white tables
There are, of course some exceptions, but few enough to learn as you go along
(a lot of which are colours!) one important one is grande (big) it is the same
for masculine & feminine, & you just add an s to make it plural
grande grandes

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We use the verb SER (to be) to describe the nature of something
(or someone)

soy
eres
es

I am
you are
(singular)
he/she/it is

somos
sois
son

we are
you are
(plural)
they are

e.g. Es una camiseta roja it is a red t-shirt


Son pantalones rojos they are red trousers
El nio es alto the child is tall
Las mesas son blancas the tables are white
f/s = feminine singular

m/s = masculine singular

f/p = feminine plural

m/p = masculine plural

complete the table


adjective/adjectivo

la mesa
(f/s)

las sillas
(f/p)

el armario
(m/s)

los floreros
(m/p)

rojo
azul
amarillo
verde
blanco
negro
gris
morado
rosa
marrn
grande
pequeo
nuevo
antiguo
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More adjectives which can be used to describe a home,


the things in it & the area around it
complete the table
f/s

f/p

m/s

m/p

luminoso
espacioso
cmodo
oscuro
precioso
enorme
maravilloso
bonito
horrible
barato
caro
lindo
alto
bajo
agradable
tranquilo
ruidoso
atractivo
soleado
sombrado
moderno

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LECCIONES 15 y 16 repaso
Complete with the verbs in the box make the verbs fit the person.
llamarse vivir trabajar ser tener estudiar hablar
Hola me llamo Ana y enfermera. .. en un
hospital, claro. .. con mi familia en Zaragoza.
. una hija de 20 aos que .. en la universidad.
Ella . muy inteligente y .. tres idiomas! Mi marido
.. Pablo, .. mdico y tambin ..
en el hospital.

Write the ages of the people in words in Spanish

Tiene doce aos Tiene.

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singular possession:
mi = my

tu = your

su = his/her/their

nuestro/nuestra = our

vuestro/vuestra = your (more than one person)


ma / mo = mine tuya/tuyo = yours

suya/suyo = his/hers/theirs

plural possessions:
mis = my

tus = your

sus = his/her/their

mas / mos = mine

tuyas/tuyos = yours

suyas/suyos = his/hers/theirs
nuestros/nuestras = ours
vuestros/vuestras = yours (more than one person)

NB think rhyme!!!
La silla, es de Carol?

The chair, is it Carols?

Si, es su silla es suya

Yes, its her chair its hers

El peridico, es de Dave?

The newspaper, is it Daves?

No, no es su peridico no es suyo No, it isnt his newspaper it


isnt his
El libro, es tuyo?

The book, is it yours?

Si, es mi libro es mo

Yes, its my book its mine

Los nios, son vuestros? The children, are they yours?


Si, son nuestros nios son nuestros Yes, theyre our children

theyre ours.

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Fill the gaps


Los zapatos, son de Anne?
Si, son . zapatos, son .
Las tijeras, son de Jane?
No, no son tijeras, no son. . Son de
Peter, son .
La goma, es ma?
Si, es . goma, es .
El vaso de agua, es tuyo?
No, no es vaso de agua, no es .. . Es de
George. Es . vaso de agua, es .. .
La bicicleta, es de Manuel?
No, no es bicicleta, es de Jorge, es .
bicicleta, es .. .

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Susana

Isabel

Tomas

Paulo

Sara

Simn

Juan

AnaAna

Mara

marido, to, padres, sobrina, hermana, nieta, primo, abuelos, hija, hijo, ta,
hermano,

Simn es el de Ana.
Susana y Paulo son los . de Ana.
Mara es la de Isabel y Tomas.
Sara es la .. de Tomas.
Ana es la .. de Mara y Juan.
Susana y Paulo son los . de Tomas y Sara.
Mara es la de Sara y Simn.
Ana es la de Isabel y Tomas.
Sara es la . de Ana.
Juan es el .. de Mara.
Mara es la de Susana y Paulo.
Simn es el de Sara.

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Su o sus?

Isabel es la mujer de Tomas. Es . mujer.


Tomas es el marido de .. . Es
.. marido.
Susana y Paulo son los abuelos de Ana, Mara y .. Son
abuelos.
Mara y Juan son los hijos de Sara y .. Son
.. hijos.
Sara es la ta de . y Simn es . to.
Mara es la sobrina de Tomas y . . Ella es
.. sobrina.
Juan es el sobrino de Isabel y . Es
sobrino.
Ana es la hija de Tomas. Es .hija.
Susana es la abuela de Mara. Es .. abuela.
Juan es el primo de . Es ..
primo.
Juan es el hermano de.. y Mara es
.. hermana.
Mara es la hija de Sara y . Es
.. hija.

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sillas, grande, hay, mesa, lavadora, microondas, armarios, luminosa


Mi cocina es y .. y tenemos una
nueva. Tambin un horno, y un
. . Hay muchos y una
.. con .. para desayunar.

librera, televisin, cmodos, sillones,


En el saln-comedor tenemos dos sofs muy . y
dos pequeos. Los libros estn en la
, con la ..

hay, toallas, ducha, moderno, espejo


El cuarto de bao es bastante grande y . .
. una baera, y una . tambin.
Hay un armario debajo del .., y muchas
. amarillas.

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Lesson 17
Simple grammar terms & use of a dictionary
This rhyme (dating back to 1855) was given to me by one of my students she
says it helps her. I thought some of you might find it useful.

Three little words you often see


are articles: a, an and the.
A nouns the name of anything,
As: school or garden, toy or swing.
Adjectives tell the kind of noun,
As: great, small, pretty, white or brown.
Verbs tell of something being done:

To read, write, count, sing, jump or run.


How things are done the adverbs tell,
As: slowly, quickly, badly, well
Conjunctions join the words together,
As: men and women, wind or weather.
The preposition stands before
a noun as : In or through a door.
The interjection shows surprise
As: oh, how pretty! or ah! How wise!
The whole are called the parts of speech
Which reading, writing, speaking teach.

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Those terms can be useful when looking up words in a dictionary of


course there are many more. Most dictionaries will have at the front
a list of the abbreviations used:

adj = adjective

n = noun

and also in Spanish

m = masculine

vb = verb

adv = adverb

f = feminine

Its important to think of the context of the word usually an


example of usage will be given, but if not, it can be a good idea to go
to the other side of the dictionary for more information.

Another important thing to remember with Spanish is that the use


of the tilde, or accent, not only changes the pronunciation but also
the meaning of the word. In fact it changes the word entirely! Also
that is a different letter to n!

A good example is esta & est


esta = this
Esta es mi lpiz. = this is my pencil
est = he is, she is or it is (in a place)
Mi boli est en mi mano. = my pen is in my hand.

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Lets practice! Practicamos!


Translate the words in bold using a dictionary
a. The kitchen is light & sunny.
b. The box is light.
c. Turn on the light please.
d. I like to cook.
e. The cook works long hours.
f. Its hot in summer.
g. The water is hot.
h. Duck down! That duck is flying very low & straight at your
head!
i. When I left my last job, they gave me a gift of an engraved
pen.
j. She has a great gift for dancing.
k. If I had a new dress I would say yes to a date with Steve.

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LECCIN 18 ESTAR Y PREPOSICIONES DE


POSICIN
Lesson 18 estar & prepositions of position

The verb ESTAR means to be


We know that the verb SER also means to be
SER is used for the nature or essential characteristics of
something something inherent
ESTAR is used for many other reasons. Whole books have been
written about the difference between the two verbs, but simply put,
it is used for the condition or position of something
Dont be too tempted to think of ESTAR as being for something
temporary after all
Madrid est en el centro de Espaa Madrid is in the centre of
Spain (and always will be!)
ESTOY
ESTS
EST

I am
you are
he/she/it is

ESTAMOS
ESTIS
ESTN

we are
you are (plural)
they are

For our purposes in this lesson, we only need to think about

EST = it is
ESTN = they are

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Preposiciones de posicin
DEBAJO DE below/under
ENCIMA DE on top of/on
EN on
DELANTE DE in front of
DETRS DE behind
ENTRE in between
AL LADO DE at the side of/beside
ARRIBA DE above
ENFRENTE DE opposite
DENTRO DE inside (of)
If the noun (the name of the thing) is masculine
e.g. el ordenador , we would say
el bolgrafo est delante

del ordenador

(the pen is in front of the computer)


putting de

+ el together to make del

If the noun is feminine


e.g. la mesa, we would say
los bolgrafos estn encima

de la mesa

(the pens are on (top of) the table)

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El peridico
Los ladrones
Los cojines
El reloj
El candelabro
La radio
La salsera
El florero
La tetera
La bandeja
Las guantes
Las mscaras

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Dnde est el peridico?

Dnde estn los ladrones?

Dnde estn las sillas?

Dnde est el reloj?

Dnde est la tele?

Dnde est el sof?

Dnde estn los nios?

Dnde est el perro?

Dnde est el cuadro?

Dnde est la tetera?

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Leccin 19 - Dnde est el cine?

la tienda de peridicos la carnicera la biblioteca


la panadera

la verdulera/frutera

el correos

el restaurante

la farmacia

el supermercado

el cine

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Dnde puedo comprar?


Dnde puedo comprar un peridico? where can I buy a

newspaper?
Puedes comprar un peridico en la tienda de peridicos. you can

buy a newspaper in the newsagents


Dnde puedo enviar una carta? where can I send a letter?
Puedes enviar una carta en el correos. you can send a letter in

the post office

Dnde puedo.?
comprar la comida
ver una pelcula
comprar el carne
enviar una carta
leer los libros
comprar el pan
comprar las medicinas
cenar
comprar las verduras y las frutas
comprar los peridicos y las
revistas
PODER CAN or TO BE ABLE TO
PUEDO
PUEDES
PUEDE

Lynn Cobb

I can
you can
he/she/it can

PODEMOS
PODIS
PUEDEN

we can
you can (plural)
they can

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LECCIN 20 SLABA TNICA


In Spanish as in English, there are rules - the main difference is that in English
it sometimes seems that they are only there to be broken - whereas in Spanish
they tend to stick to them almost all the time!
The beauty of Spanish is that once you have learned these rules, you can read
any word at all, correctly! (Learning what they mean may take a little longer!)
The first rule is the sound the letters make, which was covered in lesson 1. Then
you have to remember to pronounce every letter!
The next rule is which syllable (beat of the word) to pronounce the strongest,
which is what this lesson is all about.
The strong syllable is known as the slaba tnica.
You may have noticed that some vowels have an accent above them this is
known as the tilde. The tilde is very useful, because if there is a tilde on a
vowel, then that syllable is the slaba tnica.
e.g. caf, alemn, leccin, autobs
If a word has no tilde at all, but ends in a vowel (a, e, i, o & u) or n or s, then
the syllable before last is the slaba tnica.
e.g. libro, madre, mesa, familia
Again if a word has no tilde at all, but ends in a consonant except n or s, then
the final syllable is the slaba tnica.
e.g. espaol, vivir, hablar, hospital
It is worth pointing out again at this point that squiggle on the is not a tilde
is a completely different letter to n.
Now underline the slaba tnica in each of these words following the rules
caf, rbol, Madrid, , hablar, jefe, mdico, ventana, examen, crisis, espaol,
pronunciacin, repetir, leccin, urbanizacin, calle, guerra, jirafa, estudiante,
japons, japonesa, julio, queso, profesor, profesora, ciudad, esta, est, reloj,
naranja, urbanizaciones, telfono, lpiz, familia, msica, ventana.

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Try reading this, after underlining the slaba tnica:

Espaa tiene fama de ser un pas donde se come muy bien. La cocina espaola es
rica y variada: carnes, pescados, ensaladas, legumbres y mariscos son productos
habituales en nuestra alimentacin.
Los espaoles no necesitamos una ocasin especial para salir a comer, a cenar o a
tomar unas tapas fuera de casa. Durante la jornada de trabajo es habitual comer
en el restaurante ms prximo el men del da. Los fines de semana, la gente
reunirse con los amigos en una taberna o en un bar en un ambiente informal y
animado. Otras veces, cenamos en un restaurante con la familia o los amigos.

En Espaa podemos encontrar desde una sencilla taberna hasta un restaurante


de lujo, pasando por un mesn tradicional, una cafetera o un local de comida
rpida. Cada lugar tiene unas caractersticas y un ambiente diferente.

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MS VERBOS
llamarse

estudiar

hablar

trabajar

comprar

beber

vender

ser (irr)

estar (irr)

vivir

abrir

comer

tener (irr)

querer(irr like tener)

venir (irr like tener)

aprender

escribir

preguntar

contestar

ayudar

fumar

explicar

recibir

subir

bajar

cenar

bailar

poder (irr)

dormir (irr like poder)

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LECCIN 21 - PRCTICA CON LOS VERBOS


First a little reminder:
All regular verbs (which is most of them) follow the same pattern you drop the
AR/ER/IR from the end of the full form and replace as follows:

YO
T

TRABAJO
TRABAJAS

EL/
ELLA

TRABAJA

estudiar

TRABAJAR TO WORK
I work
NOSOTROS
TRABAJAMOS
you work VOSOTROS
TRABAJIS
he/she
ELLOS/
works
ELLAS
more AR verbs

hablar

fumar

comprar

explicar

YO
T

COMO
COMES

EL/
ELLA

COME

VIVO
VIVES

EL/
ELLA

VIVE

preguntar

bajar

contestar

cenar

COMER TO EAT
I eat
NOSOTROS
you eat
VOSOTROS

bailar

vender

ayudar

practicar
we eat
you eat

COMEN

they eat

VIVIMOS
VIVS

we live
you live

VIVEN

they live

aprender

VIVIR TO LIVE
I live
NOSOTROS
you live
VOSOTROS
he/she
lives

they
work

COMEMOS
COMIS

he/she
ELLOS/
eats
ELLAS
more ER verbs
beber

YO
T

TRABAJAN

we work
you work

ELLOS/
ELLAS

more IR verbs
escribir
Lynn Cobb

recibir

subir

abrir

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Some verbs are regular at the end but have slight changes at the root Even then
there are patterns that they follow:

TENER -TO HAVE


I have
NOSOTROS

YO

TENGO

TENEMOS

TIENES

you
have

VOSOTROS

TENIS

EL/ELLA

TIENE

he/she
has

ELLOS/ELLAS

TIENEN

we
have
you
have
they
have

Venir follows the same pattern at the root, while following the regular IR pattern at the
end

YO

VENGO

VIENES

EL/ELLA

VIENE

VENIR -TO COME


I come
NOSOTROS
you
come
he/she
comes

Look at poder

PUEDO
PUEDES
PUEDE

VENIMOS

VOSOTROS

VENS

ELLOS/ELLAS

VIENEN

we
come
you
come
they
come

PODER CAN or TO BE ABLE TO

I can
you can
he/she/it can

PODEMOS
PODIS
PUEDEN

we can
you can (plural)
they can

DORMIR TO SLEEP

and at dormir

DUERMO
DUERMES

I sleep
you sleep

DORMIMOS
DORMS

DUERME

he/she/it
sleeps

DUERMEN

we sleep
you sleep
(plural)
they sleep

both follow the same irregular pattern at the root, but the regular pattern at the
end!
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Practicamos!

1. Donde .. Juan? (estudiar)


2. Cuntas idiomas .? (hablar, t)
3. Las tiendas .. desde las 8 hasta las 2. (abrir)
4. Yo no (fumar)
5. Juan y Ana . en Denia. (vivir)
6. Jessica siempre en su dormitorio. (estudiar)
7. .. suficiente agua? (beber, vosotros)
8. A qu hora ..? (cenar, nosotros)
9. espaol cada da. (practicar, nosotros)
10. .. todas las preguntas. (contestar, t)
11. La profesora muy bien. (explicar, ella)
12. comprar vino aqu? (poder, yo)
13. Julia y Nacho de vacaciones maana. (venir, ellos)
14. Cuntas horas ..? (dormir, t)
15. Los nios del autobs. (subir, ellos)
16. Las nias del autobs. (bajar, ellas)
17. espaol en el Caf Cortado. (aprender, nosotros)
18. Cuntos aos . tu marido? (tener, el)
19. . ropa en esta tienda? (vender, ellos)
20.Cmo . tus hijos? (llamarse, ellos)

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MAS REPASO LECCIN 22

debajo de
encima de
delante de
detrs de
al lado de
arriba de
enfrente de
dentro de
a la izquierda de
a la derecha de
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Tiendas
la tienda de peridicos
la carnicera
la biblioteca
la panadera
la verdulera
la frutera
el restaurante
el bar
la tienda de ropa
el supermercado
el mercado
el cine
el museo
el mercadillo
el teatro
el agente inmobiliario
la tienda de muebles
la tintorera
la librera
la joyera
la tienda de juguetes
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Practicamos!
Answer the questions with complete sentences from the plan

a. Dnde estn los coches?


b. Cuntos dormitorios hay?
c. Qu hay a la izquierda del dormitorio grande?
d. Qu hay detrs de la casa?
e. Dnde est la cocina?
f. Qu hay entre el dormitorio grande y el garaje?
g. Dnde est el cuarto de bao pequeo?
h. Dnde est el jardn?
i. Dnde estn las plantas?
j. Dnde est la terraza privada?
k. Qu hay en el comedor?

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.& about town!


l. Dnde puedo comprar la carne?
m. Dnde puedo comprar una revista?
n. Dnde puedo ver una pelcula?
o. Dnde estudiamos espaol?
p. Dnde puedo comprar la carne?
q. Dnde puedo comprar regalos tursticos y ropa barata?
r. Dnde puedo comprar una camisa?
s. Dnde puedo ver cuadros antiguos?
t. Dnde puedo comer?
u. Dnde puedo comprar un libro?
v. Dnde puedo comprar el pan?
w. Dnde puedo comprar una mesa?
x. Dnde puedo leer un libro?
y. Dnde puedo comprar el papel higinico?
z. Dnde puedo limpiar un abrigo?

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IR DE COMPRAS - LECCIN 23
VOCABULARIO

Qu quera?

Qu desea?

Quera..

Aqu tienes.

Algo ms?

Tienes.?

Cunto valen?

Qu vale..?

Cunto es?

Cunto es todo?

Dame

Ponme

Quera ms?

No, ya est.

No, nada ms.

De qu talla?

Puedo probarlo?

Puedo probarlos?

Puedo probarla?

Puedo probarlas?

los probadores.

No me cabe

No me caben

puedes traerme .?

caro/cara/caros/caras

muy

barato/barata/baratos/baratas

un poco

me lo llevo

me los llevo

me la llevo

me las llevo

ms..que

menos.que

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- Hola, buenos das. Qu quera?


- Quera un kilo de tomates
- Algo ms?
-

S. Tienes naranjas?

- S.
- Cunto valen?
- 1,50 el kilo.
- Pues.ponme 2 kilos.
- Quera ms?
- No, ya est.

- Hola! Qu desea?
-

Quera una docena de huevos.

- Algo ms?
- S, una botella de leche.
- Aqu tienes. Algo ms?
- No, nada ms. Cunto es todo?
- Son.3,50
- Entonces. dame un paquete de galletas tambin.

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- Buenas! Quera una barra de pan, por favor.


- Aqu tienes. Desea algo ms?
- No, gracias, nada ms. Cunto es?
- 55 cntimos.

- Hola, quera unos pantalones vaqueros.


- De qu talla?
- De la 38, por favor.
- Aqu tienes.
- Puedo probarlos?
- Claro, all son los probadores.
- No me caben, puedes traerme la 40?
- Aqu tienes.
- Bueno, mejor. Cunto valen?
- Pues.estos cuestan 43
- Uf!, son un poco caros. Tienes otros ms baratos?
- En este momento, no.
- Bueno.me los llevo

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El pauelo es ms barato que el sombrero.


El abrigo es.la camisa.
Las botas sonel corbata.

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LECCIN 24 ME DUELE.
Me duele means it hurts me (not a literal translation so its quite easy to go into
a farmacia or the doctors & say me duele la cabeza or me duelen los ojos. You can
also say tengo dolor del/de la which means I have pain of and then
just say what hurts!

el taln

la espalda

la boca

los dedos

la rodilla

la pierna
el hombro

el tobillo

el ojo

el muslo

el cuello

la mano

la cadera

la mueca

el estmago

el ombligo

Lynn Cobb

el pie

la barbilla

la cabeza
el codo

la nariz
la espinilla

el pecho

el brazo

la oreja/el odo

los dedos de pie

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Another useful phrase is Tienes algo para.? Which


means Do you have anything for..? & could obviously be
adapted to many other situations!
Some useful vocabulary:
tos

dolor de garganta

est hinchado/a

estoy resfriado/a

estoy constipado/a

vmito

estoy estreido/a

diarrea

estoy resacoso/a

irritado/a

me pica

fiebre

un sarpullido

una erupcin

jarabe

pastillas

gel

crema

comprimidos

tabletas

en polvo

lcera

llaga

la gripe

sangre

anlisis de sangre

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NO ME ENCUENTRO BIEN LECCIN 24b

Qu te pasa?

Qu te duele?

No me encuentro bien

Tienes mala cara

Estar nervioso/a

Tengo fro

Tengo sueo

Tengo fiebre

Tengo hambre

Tengo sed

Estoy cansado/a

Me duele la cabeza

Tengo dolor de odos

Estoy fatal

Estoy regular

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Si tengo sed,.
Si tengo sueo, ..
Si no entiendo algo..
Si me duele la garganta
Si tengo hambre
Si tengo tos
Si me duele la cabeza.
Si me duelen las muelas..
Si tengo una erupcin y me pica.
Si me duele el estmago y tengo diarrea..

Choose the correct solution & make the verb fit the person

tomar paracetamol
visitar la dentista
visitar el mdico
comprar una crema

Lynn Cobb

descansar

tomar jarabe de tos


preguntar
tomar pastillas

beber algo
comer algo

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A Rosa le duele..
A Daniel le duelen..
A Ramn le duelen..
A Julia le duele
A Andrs le duele
Ana tiene..
A Ricardo le duele..

los odos

el estmago
la garganta

Ramn

Ana

Lynn Cobb

la espalda
las muelas

Daniel

Andrs

Rosa

la cabeza
fiebre

Julia

Ricardo

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Men Del Da
Primeros
Sopa de verduras
Ensalada mixta
Arroz a la cubana

Segundos
Bistec con patatas
Pescado a la plancha
Pollo Asado

Postres
Flan
Fruta del tiempo
Tarta de chocolate
Helado

Pan, bebida y caf incluidos. 9

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PEDIR EN UN RESTAURANTE Y LOS GUSTOS


LECCIN 25

Puede traer la carta?

Qu van a tomar?

Qu quieren?

Qu va a tomar?

De primer plato..

De segundo

De postre

Para beber.

Y para usted?

Puede traer la cuenta, por favor?

Que aproveche!

Que rica!

Que rico!
un plato

una cuchara

una taza

Lynn Cobb

un cuchillo un tenedor un vaso

una servilleta

un platillo

un bol

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GUSTAR- to be pleasing (to)


the person
me
te
le
nos
os
les

A mi
A ti
A l/ella
A nosotros
A vosotros
A ellos/ellas

The thing that is pleasing


gusta/gustan
gusta/gustan
gusta/gustan
gusta/gustan
gusta/gustan
gusta/gustan

The important thing to remember with the verb gustar is that there are really only
two parts to it gusta for when the thing that is pleasing is singular or a verb &

gustan when the thing that is pleasing is plural.


To make it negative, simply put NO before the me, te, le etc. gusta/gustan.

A ti
To you

te
yourself

gusta
it is pleasing

el cine
the cinema
(singular tem)

A mi
To me

me
myself

gusta
it is pleasing

leer
to read
(verb)

A ella
To her

le
herself

gustan
they are pleasing

los animales
the animals
(plural tem)

A nostros
To us

nos
ourselves

gusta
it is pleasing

la paella
The paella
(singlular tem)

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Other verbs that work in the same way as gustar are


encantar (to be enchanting (to)) encanta/encantan
and doler (to give pain (to)) duele/duelen

A m me encanta la
carne,
especialmente
asada. Me gustan
mucho las
ensaladas, y de
postre me gusta
tomar fruta. Y a
ti?, Qu comida
te gusta?

A m no me gusta la carne;
prefiero el pescado. Me
gustan sobre todo las
sardinas. Ah! Y no me
gusta nada la fruta. De
postre me gusta tomar
flan de huevo.

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LECCIN 26 MS GUSTOS

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el ajo
las peras
los huevos

la cerveza
las uvas

correr
tomar el sol

nadar
las zanahorias

el jamn
las manzanas
las salchichas
los guisantes
navegar el internet

leer

las cebollas
hacer fotos

los championes

comer
el vino

la lechuga

los girasoles
ver la tele
los perritos calientes
los pimientos

Lynn Cobb

los pltanos
el pescado

bailar

la maz
las patatas

los pepinos

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Contesta las preguntas con la verdad. (Answer the questions with the truth)
A ti te gusta el ajo?

A tu amigo le gusta la cerveza?

A tus hijos les gusta correr?

A tu hermano le gustan los pltanos?

A ti te gusta comer?

A tu amigo le gustan las uvas?

A tu mujer/marido le gusta tomar el sol?

A tus vecinos les gusta el pescado?

A ti te gusta el vino?

A tu amigo le gustan las peras?


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A ti te gusta nadar?

A tu hijo le gusta el jamn?

A tu amigo le gustan las manzanas?

A ti te gustan las salchichas?

A tus hijos les gustan las zanahorias?

A tu amigo le gustan los guisantes?

A tu mujer/marido le gusta navegar el internet?

A ti te gustan los huevos?

A tu amigo le gusta leer?

A tus hermanos les gustan los championes?


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A ti te gusta la lechuga?

A vosotros os gusta bailar?

A vosotros os gustan las cebollas?

A tu amigo le gustan los girasoles?

A vosotros os gusta ver la tele?

A tu amigo le gusta el maz?

A ti te gusta hacer fotos?

A vosotros os gustan los perritos calientes?

A tu amigo le gustan las patatas?

A vosotros os gustan los pimientos?


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QU HORA ES? LECCIN 27

en punto = on the dot


y cuarto = and a quarter or quarter past
y media = and a half or half past
menos cuarto = minus a quarter or quarter to

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Write the time under each clock in Spanish


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A QU HORA? LECCIN 27b


Put the hands on the clocks!

En Espaa, las tiendas abren por la maana a las

las

A las

abren otra vez y cierran a las

y cierran a

. Algunas

tiendas abren todo el da.

Los espaoles normalmente desayunan a las

o a las

y empiezan a trabajar a las

Las

o a las

es la hora de la

comida ms importante en Espaa. Algunos duermen la siesta y otros vuelven al trabajo

terminan a las

o a las

Por la noche cenan a las

o a las

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Por la maana
Por la tarde
Por la noche
Son las 8
Es la 1

in the morning
in the afternoon/evening

at night

Normalmente, yo solo trabajo por la maana.

la maana
la tarde

de

A las 3
A la 1

not a specific hour


not a specific hour
not a specific hour
It is 8 oclock
It is 1 oclock

A specific
hour

At 3 oclock
At 1 oclock

la noche
la madrugada

La clase empieza a las 9.30 de la maana.


La clase es desde las 9.30 hasta las 10.30 de la maana.
La clase es de 9.30 a 10.30 de la maana.

SOME IRREGULAR VERBS

yo
t
l/ella
nosotros
vosotros
ellos/ellas

EMPEZAR
empiezo
empiezas
empieza
empezamos
empezis
empiezan

VOLVER
vuelvo
vuelves
vuelve
volvemos
volvis
vuelven

IR
voy
vas
va
vamos
vais
van

Other verbs like empezar pensar, perder, sentar, sentir, despertar


Other verbs like volver poder, dormir, doler, morir

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Contesta las preguntas.


A qu hora despiertas?

A qu hora duchas?

A qu hora desayunas?

A qu hora empiezas a trabajar?

A qu hora tomas caf?

A qu hora comes?

A qu hora terminas a trabajar?

A qu hora cenas?

A qu hora ves la tele?

A qu hora duermes?
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QU ESTS HACIENDO? LECCIN 28


The Spanish dont use ........................ing words as much as we do in
English - where we would say I am walking, they are just as likely to
say I walk!
It is, however, still useful to know how to form what is known as the
Gerund or Gerundio.
First things first though - you need to know the verb Estar
ESTOY
ESTS
EST

I am
you are
he/she/it is

ESTAMOS
ESTIS
ESTN

we are
you are (plural)
they are

Forming the gerund is really simple - for regular verbs


just drop the AR/ER/IR at the end of the verb and
replace it with
ANDO or IENDO as shown:
TRABAJAR - TRABAJANDO
COMER - COMIENDO
ESCRIBIR ESCRIBIENDO
Once we have learned that its also really simple - you
just combine estar with the gerund of the verb.
Using the verbs above, we can say:
I am working - Estoy trabajando
We are eating - Estamos comiendo
She is writing - Est escribiendo

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QU ESTN HACIENDO?
Escribe debajo de cada dibujo (write under each drawing)

Estn hablando

Est comprando

Est estudiando

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VAMOS A HABLAR DEL FUTURO LECCIN 29

A very simple way of talking about the future, is to say Im going


to.. The Spanish do it too!
First you need to know the verb IR to go

IR TO GO
VOY
VAS
VA

I go
you go
he/she goes

VAMOS
VAIS
VAN

we go
you go
they go

When you know that, you just add a & the full form (infinitive) of the
verb that describes what you are going to do.

IR

FULL FORM OF VERB

So, if I want to say Im going to swim in the pool I say

Voy a nadar en la piscina


Are they going to go to school?

Van a ir al colegio?

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Interprete las frases.

Im going to go to the cinema tomorrow.

Were going to walk to the beach.

Are you and Juan going to fly to Italy?

They are going to watch television this evening.

Are you going to eat your sandwich? (to one person)

When are we going to study Spanish?

Im not going to smoke tonight.

Are they going to dance at A Chill?

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REPASOPREPOSICIONES DE POSICIN
LECCIN 30

El gato est los perros.

El perro est la mesa.

El gato est la mesa.

El conejo est la caja.

La caja est .el conejo

El coche est el garaje

Los conejos estn el


zorro.
El zorro est ..
los conejos

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Relaciona cada persona con su pas y nacionalidad y escribe frases de


todos.

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REPASO LECCIN 32
Mira los dibujos cmicos. Dnde estn? Qu estn haciendo?
Habla o escribe sobre los dibujos.

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VERBOS Y VOCABULARIO
gritar
llevar
conducir
cayer
chocar
montar en bici
semforos
silla de ruedas
patines
casco
camin
maletero del coche

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Habla o escribe sobre los dibujos.

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REPASO - DATOS PERSONALES


LECCION 33

Contesta las preguntas


En qu calle vive Ana?

De dnde es Ana?

En qu calle vives t?

De dnde eres?

Cul es tu nmero de telfono?

Dnde vive Marta?

Qu idioma habla Marta?

Cmo se llama el amigo de Marta en Mxico?

Qu idioma hablas t?

Tienes amigo en otro pas?

Marta vive lejos de colegio?

Vives lejos de aqu?

Tienes amigo de otro pas?

Cunto aos tienes?

Querida Ana
Cmo ests? Estoy muy bien.
Estoy contenta de estar en
Mxico. Hoy es mi primer da
de clase. Tengo un amigo que

Ana Garca Ortiz

se llama Juanma y tiene 11

Avda. Lepanto, 12

aos. Vivo en Guadalajara.


El colegio est cerca de casa.
Cmo estis todos en Jvea?
Besitos

3 B
Jvea 03730
Alicante
Espaa

Marta

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Verdadero o falso?
Marta no est contenta.
Marta vive en Tijuana.
La casa de Marta est lejos del colegio.
Su amiga se llama Juanma.
Ana vive en Javea.
Es el ltimo da del curso.

Completa con estas palabras y despus, contesta las preguntas.

cuntas

qu

cmo

dnde

De . eres?
. personas hay en la clase?
.. tal estas hoy?
se llama la profesora

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QUE GUAPA ES! - DESCRIBIR A UNA PERSONA


LECCIN 34
When describing a person (or a thing) we use the verb SER (to be).
Remember SER is used to describe an inherent characteristic of
someone or something what it looks like, what its made of, or indeed
the character of a person. Lets remind ourselves of SER.

SER - TO BE
YO
T

EL/ELLA
USTED

SOY
ERES
ES
ES

I am

NOSOTROS

you are
(singular
informal)
he/she is

VOSOTROS

you are
(singular
formal)

ELLOS/ELLAS
USTEDES

SOMOS
SOIS
SON
SON

we are
you are
(plural
informal)
they are
you are
(plural
formal)

La mesa es grande the table is big


La chica es alta the girl is tall
El hombre es amable the man is friendly
Que guapa es! How beautiful she is!
Que feo es! How ugly he is!
Also remember that the adjective (describing word) has to fit the
gender of the person (or thing)

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ADJETIVOS DE APARIENCIA FSICA


alto/alta

bajo/baja

joven

mayor

delgado/delgada

gordo/gorda

flaco/flaca

calvo/calva

rubio/rubia

castao/castaa

oscuro

claro

pelirrojo

guapo/guapa

feo/fea

ADJETIVOS DE CARCTER
alegre

serio/seria

generoso/generosa

tacao/tacaa

amable

grosero/grosera

divertido/divertida

aburrido/aburrida

hablador/habladora

callado/callada

educado/educada

maleducado/maleducada

simptico/simptica

antiptico/antiptica

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As in Englishwe use to have TENER in descriptions
Tiene el pelo largohe has long hair
Tengo los ojos azulesI have blue eyes

Tiene el pelo largo/corto/rubio/moreno/castao/liso/rizado/ondulado


Also as in English we use to wear LLEVAR glasses, beard, moustache (and clothes!)

Lleva gafas, barba, bigote

Describe las personas

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MS REPASO - LECCIN 35

Interprete las frases y preguntas:


1. Dnde puedo comprar la carne?

2. Dnde vives?

3. Qu hay al lado de la piscina?

4. Cuntos aos tienes?

5. No voy a trabajar maana.

6. Quiero vivir en Espaa para siempre.

7. Dnde vamos a cenar el sbado?

8. Puedes comprar El Pas en el quiosco.

9. Qu vas a hacer maana?

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10.

No me encuentro bien.

11.

Me duele el codo.

12.

Tengo dolor de cabeza.

13.

Te gustan los pltanos?

14.

Pleased to meet you.

15.

Are you going to work tomorrow?

16.

Where do your parents live?

17.

Whats the time?

18.

Im English, from London, but I live in Jvea in Spain.

19.

Do you like swimming?

20.

Are you going to England for Christmas?

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21.

I have a headache.

22.

Where are the toilets?

23.

Where can I buy eggs?

24.

When is your birthday?

25.

Jane has long curly hair.

26.

Jonathon is very tall.

27.

How much is the t-shirt?

28.

We like walking at the weekend.

29.

Are you & your sister going to the cinema on Friday?

30.

No, we are going on Sunday.

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SER v ESTAR - LECCIN 36


As we know, there are two verbs in Spanish which mean to be SER & ESTAR.

SER is used to describe the character or inherent physical characteristics of


someone or something. So we use it when we are describing what someone or
something looks like, is made of, or someones personality, who they are & where
they are from. It is also used to show possession, & the time of day, or the date.

YO

SOY

I am

NOSOTROS

SOMOS

we are

ERES

you are

VOSOTROS

SOIS

you (all) are

EL/ELLA

ES

he/she is

ELLOS/ELLAS

SON

they are

Juan es alto Juan is tall.


La mesa es de madera The table is made of wood.
T y tu hermano sois amables. You & your brother are (both) friendly
Soy Mara I am Maria
Somos de Portugal, somos portugueses. We are from Portugal, we are Portuguese.
Son los hijos de Jaime. They are Jaimes children.
Son las 5 de la tarde. Its 5pm
El Da de los Tres Reyes es el 6 de enero. Three Kings Day is 6th January.

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ESTAR is used to describe the condition or position of someone or something,


or someones mood. Also remember that it is used with ing words the gerund, or
present continuous.

ESTOY

I am

ESTAMOS

we are

ESTS

you are

ESTIS

you (all) are

EST

he/she/it is

ESTN

they are

Cmo estas? How are you?


Estoy bien, gracias. Im fine thanks.
Londres est en Inglaterra. London is in England
Dnde estais? Where are you (all)?
Estamos en Espaa. We are in Spain.
Alberto est aburrido. Alberto is bored.
Estamos estudiando espaol. We are studying spanish
Using both:
Yaima es de Cuba, es cubana. Es baja y guapa. Es bailarina. Ahora est en Espaa,
est bailando en el concurso Fama a bailar! en la televisin. Est feliz de estar en
el concurso, pero no est totalmente feliz, porque echa de menos a su novio. El est
en Cuba.
Yaima is from Cuba, she is Cuban. She is she is short & beautiful. Now she is in
Spain, she is dancing in the competition Fama a bailar! on the television. She is
happy to be in the competition, but she isnt totally happy, because she misses her
boyfriend. He is in Cuba.

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SER o ESTAR? Elige y conjugue el verbo adecuado.


1) Cuando tu cumpleaos?
2) Mi cumpleaos . el 15 de Octubre.
3) Los libros .. azules y ..
sobre la mesa.
4) Mi prima . rubia, y en
Inglaterra.
5) Tus hermanos . muy guapos.
6) De dnde .. tus padres?
7) Mis sobrinos . ..en Australia.
8) Yo . trabajando mucho.
9) Esta ciudad maravillosa. Mi hotel
.en un barrio bastante antiguo. Me gusta
mucho. No hay mucho trfico, porque las calles
estrechas. .. un barrio
tranquilo. Puedo andar al centro de la ciudad.
cerca. All .ms moderno, y
ms ruidoso. Hay muchos bares y
restaurantes. Tengo solamente un problema. Que todo
demasiado caro!

Interprete las frases y preguntas.


1) The sofa is made of wood & it is in the middle of the room.

2) Im English & Im from England, but right now Im in Javea.

3) My house is in the middle of Madrid.

4) Its a flat and it has a terrace.

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5) The living room is very big.

6) The kitchen is next to the living room.

7) The bathroom is small and modern.

8) Juan is my father. He is short and fat. He wears glasses. He is very

generous.

9) Christmas is the 25th December.

10) Its a quarter past 10 in the morning.

11) My cousins are teachers. They are very serious.

12) They are from Tarragona but now they are in Zaragoza.

13) We are swimming in a competition.

14) The bar is small & it is popular.

15) The table is big & made of glass, but its dirty.

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MS VERBOS 2

decir

morir

volver

enviar

mandar

terminar

montar

tocar

adivinar

quemar

quejar

aconsejar

conocer

dar

encontrar

jugar

pedir

perder

olvidar

preferir

poner

recordar

mezclar

tapar

cuidar

cubrir

seguir

traducir

interpretar

servir

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REPASAR GUSTAR LECCIN 37

Remember, to talk about things we like, we use GUSTAR. It


works differently to other verbs, and once you understand it,
it is actually simpler!
The GUSTAR part consists of only gusta & gustan.

GUSTA is used before a verb or a singular thing


GUSTAN is used before plurals.
Only the pronoun (the bit that tell us who is doing the liking)
changes
Remember also that in Spanish with gustar we use the full
form of the verb, not the gerund (the ing form).

I
YOU
HE/SHE
WE
YOU (ALL)
THEY
Lynn Cobb

(A MI)
(A TI)
(A EL/ELLA)

(A NOSOTROS/AS)
(A VOSOTROS/AS)

(A ELLOS/AS)

PRONOUN
ME
TE
LE
NOS
OS
LES

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GUSTA/GUSTAN

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So:

A mi me gusta viajar I like to travel.


(I, so ME - & a verb, so GUSTA)
A ti te gustan los gatos I like cats.
(You, so TE - & plural gatos, so GUSTAN)
A Juan le gusta el ftbol Juan likes football
(He/Juan, so LE - & singular football, so GUSTA)
A Mara y yo nos gusta ir al cine Mara & I (we) like to go

to the cinema

(We, so NOS - & a verb, so GUSTA)


T y Elena os gustan las pelculas de terror You & Elena

(both) like horror films)

(You both, so OS - & plural films, so GUSTAN)


A los espaoles (ellos) les gusta charlar. The Spanish

(they) like to chat.

(They, so LES - & a verb, so GUSTA)

To form a negative, simply put NO before the pronoun:


A mi NO me gustan los tomates I dont like tomatoes.

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Practicamos..

JORGE

SANTIAGO

ROSA

montar en bici

nadar en el
mar

conducir

cantar

estar en el
campo

cuidar los
animales

Completa las frases


A Jorge ..montar en bici.
A Santiago y Jorge..conducir.
A todos .el campo.
A Rosa cuidar los animales.
A Santiago y Rosa ..cantar.
A Santiago nadar en el mar.
A todos les gusta ..
A Jorge y Santiago les gustan
A Jorge no le gusta .
A Rosa conducir.
A Santiago y Rosa no montar en bici.
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Interprete las frases:


1) Maria likes swimming.

2) My husband likes to go to the cinema.

3) I dont like dogs.

4) My children like eating pasta.

5) We like animals.

6) Do you all like classical music? I dont.

7) Do you like paella Anne? We do.

8) Do you & your sister like to watch television?

9) We dont like Stephen Kings books.

10) Jaime & Elena like walking.

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ESTAMOS REPASANDO
LECCIN 38

Remember, in Spanish, when we talk about something we are doing with a continuing
action, the structure is pretty much the same as it is in English.
In other words, we use the verb to be and the gerund, or ing version of the verb.
In both languages, the to be part has to fit the person: I am, you are etc. in
English, and in Spanish estoy, ests etc..

A reminder of estar..
ESTOY
ESTS
EST

I am
you are
he/she/it is

ESTAMOS
ESTIS
ESTN

we are
you are (plural)
they are

.and how to form the gerund in Spanish.

just drop the AR/ER/IR at the end of the verb and replace it
with
ANDO or IENDO as shown:
TRABAJAR - TRABAJANDO
COMER - COMIENDO
ESCRIBIR ESCRIBIENDO
.and then put them together
Estoy trabajando
Estamos comiendo
Est escribiendo

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Practicamos:
1) I am walking to the bar.

2) Are you swimming today, Pedro?

3) We are studying Spanish.

4) Are they working today?

5) Who is cooking today?

6) Are you and Javier dancing?

7) What are you drinking Eva?

8) What is lvaro doing?

9) We are selling our house.

10) Where are they living now?

11) Who is smoking?

12) Are you & Pablo buying a new car?

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QU TIEMPO HACE HOY?


LECCIN 39

In Spanish as in English there is more than one way to say what the weather is like.
We can use estar & the gerund est lloviendo - its raining, or we can simply say
llueve it rains. Both are common.
Hay there is/are is used, as in hay nubes there are clouds, but we can also
say est nublado its cloudy
One thing you will never hear is es fro or es calor for its cold or its hot in
Spanish we always say hace fro & hace calor

Hay nieve

Lynn Cobb

Hace sol

Hace viento

Hace fro

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hace fro

hace calor

hace viento

hace sol

est lloviendo

llueve

est nevando

hay nieve

nieva

hay chubascos

graniza

hace templado

est nublado

que fro hace!

hay nubes

grados

una tormenta

truenos

una inundacin

relmpago

la gota fra

rayos

temperatura

hace fresco

est brumoso

hay niebla

estacin

primavera

verano

otoo

invierno

norte

sur

este

oeste

January
February
March
April
May
June
Lynn Cobb

enero
febrero
marzo
abril
mayo
junio

July
August
September
October
November
December

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julio
agosto
septiembre
octubre
noviembre
diciembre
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Practicamos..
1) En Inglaterra en Marzo, normalmente hace mucho viento.

2) En Espaa en verano hace mucho sol.

3) En Australia en Diciembre hace calor.

4) Hoy, temperaturas fras en todo el pas.

5) Est lloviendo en Denia, pero en Jvea hace sol.

6) En Granada hay una tormenta muy fuerte.

7) Its foggy this morning.

8) Its snowing in the mountains.

9) Its cold in the north, but the temperatures are rising in the south.

10) In the autumn, there is a storm called the Gota Fra with a lot of rain, wind &

floods.

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11) There are floods in the east but in the west it is sunny.

12) Its very windy on the coast.

13) In December in Australia it is summer.

Contesta las preguntas.

1) Qu tiempo hace hoy?

2) El 25 de diciembre Qu tiempo hace, normalmente en Espaa?

3) Cundo es tu cumpleaos?

4) El da de tu cumpleaos Qu tiempo hace, normalmente?

5) Cul estacin te gusta ms? Por qu?

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VAMOS A REPASAR
LECCIN 40

Remember to say in Spanish Im going to do something, we use the


verb IR (to go).

IR + a + full form of VERB


A quick reminder of the verb

yo
t

VOY
VAS

el/ella

VA

IR

I go
you go

nosotros VAMOS we go
vosotros
VAIS
you

he/she ellos/ellas
goes

VAN

(all)
go
they
go

Vamos a repasar! Were going to revise!

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Practicamos..
1. Qu vais a hacer el domingo que viene?

2. Qu vas a hacer despus de la clase?

3. Van a trabajar maana?

4. Jaime va a ir a India de vacaciones.

5. Vamos a conducir de Jvea a Londres!

6. Elena y Jos Luis van a comprar una casa nueva.

7. Voy a parar fumar.

8. Are you going to drink wine tonight?

9. Are you both going to live in Spain forever?

10. When are we going to study Spanish?

11. Where are they going for dinner tonight?

12. Who is going start?

13. What are you going to eat for breakfast tomorrow?


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14. How are we going to make the paella?

15. When are they going to come?

16. We are going to fly to Australia.

17. Im not going to eat chocolate today.

18. Are you all going to England for Christmas?

19. Theyre not going to play tennis tomorrow.

20. Who is going to buy the drinks?

21. Were not going to watch TV tonight.

22.Theyre going to play on the beach.

23.When are we going to the cinema?

24.Are you going shopping on Saturday?

25. When are we going to have a drink?

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NO SOLA HABLAR ESPAOL


LECCIN 41

There is a very simple way of talking about the past in Spanish. We can
use one of the past tenses (the imperfect indicative) of the verb
SOLER (to be used to), together with the main form of the verb that
describes what we used to do.

yo

SOLA

I used
(to)

nosotros

SOLAMOS

SOLAS

you
used
(to)

vosotros

SOLAIS

el/ella

SOLA

he/she ellos/ellas
used
(to)

SOLAN

we
used
(to)
you
(all)
used
(to)
they
used
(to)

Yo sola vivir en Inglaterra I used to live in England.


Solas ver Eastenders en la televisin en Inglaterra? Did you used

to watch Eastenders on the television in England?


As always, to form the negative, simply put NO before the first verb.

No solamos hablar espaol, pero ahora, si. We didnt used to speak


Spanish, but now we do.
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Practicamos
1. Ella sola montar en bicicleta a colegio.

2. Solais comer ms temprano en Inglaterra?

3. Yo sola fumar, pero ahora, no.

4. Solan tener un perro como nios.

5. Sola gustar el tiempo en Inglaterra, John?

6. Jaime used to run every day.

7. Ana & I used to go to the cinema a lot.

8. I used to work in a restaurant as a cook.

9. They used to live in France & speak French.

10.

Lynn Cobb

Did you both used to study at university?

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11. Did you used to play the guitar Pablo?

12.

We used to eat at 12 oclock every Sunday.

13.

Nacho used to sleep with his teddy bear.

14.

Did you used to drink milk, Rosa?

15.

We used to play basketball at school.

16.

Juanjo & Ftima used to dance flamenco.

17.

My children used to swim every day in the summer.

18.

Did you & your sister used to play on the beach as children?

19.

I used to play football at the weekend.

20.

Did you used to enjoy reading?

21.

We used to have dinner in a restaurant every Saturday.

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Page 124 of 152

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CMO VOY A..?


LECCIN 42

How do I get to..?


In Spanish as in English, there are various ways of asking for & giving directions.
This is by no means an exhaustive guide, but it should be enough to get you where
you want to go!

VOCABULARIO
perdona, por favor.

cmo voy a?

puedes decirme..?

desde

hasta

para ir a?

por la calle..

salga

gira

toma

sigue recto

todo recto

el final

cerca

lejos

hacia

a la derecha

a la izquierda

la primera

la segunda

la tercera

la esquina

pasa

puedes ver

mas cercana

aqu

all

cruce

entonces

bastante

pasa
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Practicamos
1) Perdona, por favor. Cmo voy al supermercado desde aqu?

2) Salga hacia la derecha. Toma la tercera calle a la izquierda, y est a la

derecha.

3) Puedes decirme dnde est la farmacia ms cercana?

4) Hay un cine cerca de aqu?

5) Si, no est lejos. Salga hacia la izquierda. Sigue recto por la calle Mayor. Gira

a la derecha por la segunda calle y esta all al lado del supermercado.

6) Excuse me please. How do I get to the nearest bakery?

7) Where is the museum? Can you tell me how to get there?

8) Its in Calle San Martn. Go out of the shop towards the right & go straight

ahead to the end of the street.

9) Can you tell me how I get to the library? Is it far?

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10) Go straight ahead & take the first on the right, then turn into Calle Mayor.

Its opposite, between the bookshop & the school.

11) Excuse me please. Where is the nearest church? Is it far?

12) No, its quite close. Go straight ahead & its on the corner opposite the bank.

13) How do I get to the council offices?

14) Go straight ahead, cross the river. Then take the 3 rd turning on the right.

Its the big old building on the left, next to the market.

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ESTE, ESE Y AQUEL THIS THAT & THE OTHER


LECCIN 43

In Spanish, as in English, we have different words meaning this one


for the something close by, & that one, for something further away.
In Spanish there is also a word meaning that one over there, for
something further away!

this
that
that one over
there
these
those
those over there

Lynn Cobb

masculino
este
ese
aquel

femenino
esta
esa
aquella

estos
esos
aquellos

estas
esas
aquellas

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SINGULAR
Cerca

Este es un coche

Lejos

Esa es una manzana

Ms lejos

Aquella es una tele.

PLURAL
Cerca

Estos son coches

Lejos

Esas son manzanas

Ms lejos

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Aquellas son teles.

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Practicamos.

1)

.....................................es un gato yson gatos.

2)

..es un pez y ..son peces.

3)

..son zanahorias y son zanahorias tambin.

4)

.son pltanos,.son pltanos y .son


pltanos tambin.

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5)

.. son peras y son uvas.

6)

..es un caballo y es una casa.

7)

.es una jarra de cerveza y .son zapatos.

8)

..son vacas y son manos.

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HABLAR ESPAOL ES MS FCIL QUE HABLAR INGLS!


LECCIN 44

When we compare things in Spanish, we say its more ..


than.., or its less. than etc..

Remember :
adjective = describing word

noun = name of something

Ms + (adjective) + que
Pedro es ms amable que Ana.

Pedro is friendlier than Ana.

Menos + (adjective) + que


Esta camiseta es menos cara que esa.

This T-shirt is less expensive than that one.

Tan + (adjective) + como


Mi hija es tan alta como yo.

My daughter is as tall as I am.

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Some irregular comparative words

good
bad
big
small
old
young

bueno/a (s)
malo/a (s)
grande
pequeo/a
viejo/a
joven

better
worse
bigger
smaller
older
younger

mejor
peor
mayor
menor
mayor
menor

Los libros de Stephen King son buenos, pero los de Dean Koontz son
mejor.

Stephen Kings books are good, but Dean Koontzs are better.

La comida en el restaurante Asia es mala, pero la comida en


Panda es peor.

The food in the restaurant Asia is bad, but the food in Panda is
worse.

Madrid es mayor que Jvea.

Madrid is bigger than Jvea.

Mi hijo es menor que mi hija.

My son is younger than my daughter.

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Practicamos.
1)

El mes de enero es ms frio que agosto.

1)

Alba es mayor que Patricia.

2)

La casa de Juan es ms grande que la casa de Mara.

3)

Mi caf es ms caliente que el tuyo.

4)

Mi abuela es vieja pero mi abuelo es mayor.

5)

Britney Spears no es tan guapa que Beyonce.

6)

El edificio de la biblioteca es menos antiguo que el edificio del


museo.

7)

El equipo de futbol Valencia es bueno, pero Real Madrid es


mejor.

8)

Francescas hair is long, but Anabels is longer.

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9)

This chair is small, but that one is smaller.

10)

Are you as tall as your husband?

11)

Your shoes arent as nice as mine.

12)

George Clooney is more famous than Brad Pitt.

13)

The drinks in this bar are cheaper than in the bar opposite.

14)

Juans car is newer than Albertos.

15)

The beach in Javea is cleaner than the beach in Denia.

16)

Barcelona is a more interesting city than Sevilla.

17)

Brad Pitt isnt as handsome as Antonio Banderas.

18)

The Wok in the Arenal is good, but The Wok in the Port is
better.

19)

The weather in Spain is hotter than the weather is England.

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PARA v POR LECCIN 45

English people in particular get confused about the difference between PARA &
POR.

POR sounds so much like FOR that it is tempting to simply replace one for the
other, but except for a couple of specific instances, it doesnt really mean FOR.
For now, here are the basic uses of each there are a few others which we will go
into at a later stage as we learn to use past & future tenses.

PARA

essentially means FOR. It expresses use, destination, purpose or reason.

Un boli es para escribiendo a pen is for writing (use)


Este libro es para Lola this book is for Lola. (destination)
Estudio para aprender I study to learn. (purpose or reason)

POR

has more uses, but essentially means BY, BY WAY OF or THROUGH. It is

specifically used when talking about time (in, during, at), units of measure (by, per),
price/money (for),
Por la Avenida del Sol by way of/through Avenida del Sol
Por la maana in/during the morning (time)
La manzanas cuestan 1 por kilo the apples cost 1 per kilo. (unit of measure)
Pagamos 600 por mes para el apartamento we pay 600 per month for the
apartment. (money)

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Practicamos.. Use POR o PARA y despus interprete las frases.


1)

Trabajo todos los das .. la maana.

2)

Quiero ir a China .ver el Gran Muro.

3)

Voy a Francia.tren.

4)

Vives . trabajar o tabajas vivir?

5)

El jamn cocido cuesta 6.75 . kilo.

6)

Puedes llevar este sobre al bar? Es .. Elaine.

7)

Esta cuchilla es cortando la carne.

8)

Cruce el rio y sigue recto . Calle Santa Mara.

9)

El fontanero va a venir maana ..la tarde.

10)

. quien es este?

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Page 138 of 152

HAY v EST / ESTN


LECCIN 46

We have been using both HAY & EST/N for some time, & now is a good time to
look at the difference between them

HAY = there is / there are /is there? / are there?


EST

= (it) is / is (it)?

ESTN = (they) are / are (they)?


.and in fact, they are each used exactly the same way as the English
equivalents!
We know that.

a
some
the
the (plural)

un / una
unos/ unas
el / la
los / las
So

there is
there are

a
some

(thing)
(things)

hay
hay

un/una
(cosa)
unos/unas (cosas)

And

the
the

Lynn Cobb

(thing)
(things)

is
are

el/la
los/las

(cosa)
(cosas)

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estn

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Page 139 of 152

For example.

Hay

un

vaso

sobre la mesa

There is

glass

on the table

Hay
There are

unas
some

mesas
tables

en el patio
on the patio

El
The

vaso
glass

est
is

sobre la mesa
on the table

Las
The

mesas
tables

estn
are

en el patio
on the patio

Practicamos use HAY, EST o ESTN y interprete las frases.


1. El coche dentro de la garaje.
2. En mi dormitorio .una cama muy grande.
3. Los padres de Anabel .en Argentina.
4. ...................................... una pelcula nueva en el cine?
5. En la nevera . una botella de cava.
6. Las llaves.. en mi mochila.

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Page 140 of 152

7. Perdone. una farmacia cerca de aqu?


8. Por favor. Dnde la farmacia mas cercana?

Use UN/UNA, UNOS/UNAS, EL/LA, LOS/LAS y interprete las


frases.
1. En el hotel hayrestaurante muy bueno.

2. bar est enfrente de mi casa.

3. cuadro est en ..pared.

4. En mi piso haycocina muy grande y moderna.

5. fregadero est debajo de la ventana.

6. Hay . armarios debajo de la encimera.

7. Dnde estn .llaves?

8. Hay nias en la piscina.

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Page 141 of 152

HEMOS APRENDIDO HABLAR ESPAOL!


LECCIN 47

Its obviously very useful to be able to say I have.done


something. The construction is Spanish is much the same as it is in
English we use the verb to have followed by the part of the verb
known as the past participle.
The only real difference is that in Spanish there is a separate verb to
have specifically for this purpose HABER.
This tense is a past tense known as perfecto de indicativo or
pretrito perfecto, is a compound tense, and can be learned in 3
simple steps!

STEP 1

First you need to learn the parts of the verb haber that we
need for this tense.
yo
t
El/ella

HE
HAS
HA

I have

Nosotros

you have

Vosotros

he/she
has

Ellos/ellas

HEMOS
HABIS
HAN

we have
you (all)
have
they have

N.B. it is important to remember that this verb haber


should not be confused with the verb tener which means to have in
the sense I have got, you have got, etc.

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STEP 2
The past participle is formed very simply as shown
below, for regular verbs
VERB/VERBO
AR VERBS eg. TRABAJAR

PAST PARTICIPLE
PARTICIPLE PASADO

ER VERBS eg.
COMER
IR VERBS eg.
VENIR

TRABAJADO
COMIDO
VENIDO

Obviously there are some irregular verbs, but this rule holds true for all the
regular ones.

STEP 3
Then all you have to do is combine the two:
He hablado = I have spoken
Oscar no ha venido a colegio hoy = Oscar hasnt come to

school today

Hemos gastado todo nuestro dinero = We have spent all our

money

Has montado alguna vez una bici tndem? = Have you ever

ridden a tandem bike?

HEMOS APRENDIDO HABLAR ESPAOL!


We have learned to speak Spanish!
Lynn Cobb

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Here are a few irregular past participles

abierto
visto
dicho
muerto

abrir
ver
decir
morir

ser
hacer
escribir
volver

sido
hecho
escrito
vuelto

Interprete las frases


a. Juanan ha viajado a India.
b. Has conocido alguna vez a un actor famoso?
c. Lidia y yo hemos visto la nueva pelcula de Brad Pitt.
d. Juan y Sandra han vendido su casa.
e. Hemos pedido, gracias.
f. Alberto y Javier Habis visto a Virginia?
g. Santi, have you ever played the piano?
h. I have lost my keys!

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i. The children have done their homework.


j. Sandras grandmother has died.
k. The neighbours have complained about our dog.
l. Have you and Jenny found the books?
m. Have you written your Christmas cards?
n. We have opened a new shop.
o. Alberto has burned the dinner.
p. Have you ever eaten squid?
q. Have you seen Johnny Depps latest film?
r. Jaime & Ana have run a marathon.
s. We have danced all night.
t. Have you had enough to eat?

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Page 145 of 152

HAY QUE PRACTICAR ESPAOL TODOS LOS DAS


LECCIN 48

Hay que or No hay que

is used to express a general obligation

- the nearest interpretation in English would be one should/has to or

one shouldnt/doesnt have to.

Hay que practicar espaol todos los das One should practice

Spanish every day.

Tener que + infinitive

(full form of verb) is also used to express


an obligation, but a more personal one.
Tengo que trabajar maana. I have to work tomorrow.

A reminder of Tener (although Im sure you know it by now!)


TENGO
TIENES
TIENE
TIENE

I have
you have (singular
informal)
he/she has
you have (singular
formal)

TENEMOS
TENIS

we have
you (all) have (informal)

TIENEN
TIENEN

they have
you (all)have (formal)

Se puede + infinitive or No se puede + infinive

is used to

express permission or prohibition.


Se puede jugar al futbol en el parque. Football can be played in the

park/ you can play football in the park.

No se puede caminar los perros en la playa Dogs cant be walked on

the beach/ you cant walk dogs on the beach.

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Elige

hay que / no se puede

fumar

hablar

.parar

.duchar antes de baarse

.pisar por el csped

correr

llevar un gorro de bao

..tirarse de cabeza

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Interprete las frases

a. I have to work tomorrow morning.


b. You should eat more fruit.
c. Jaime has to fly to India tomorrow.
d. In Spain, you shouldnt cut salad or eggs with a knife.
e. Dont use mobile phones in the hospital.
f. The day before an exam, you shouldnt go out for the night.
g. Ana & I have to cook lunch every Sunday.
h. You shouldnt swim immediately after a meal.
i. You should use sun cream when sunbathing.
j. Alfredo & Marina have to go to school next week.

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Abre la puerta, que tu padre ha llegado a casa!


LECCIN 49

In English, when we give an instruction or an order, we do so by changing our tone


of voice. In Spanish its slightly more complicated.
For the purposes of this lesson, we will concentrate upon giving instructions
informally, using t, and both direct & indirect ways of doing so.
The direct way of giving instructions is known as using the imperativo or imperative.
The imperative in t is formed quite easily for regular verbs
If we first consider t in the present (simple) tense
(Trabajar)

Trabajas you work

(Comer)

Comes you eat

(Abrir)

Abres you open

To form the imperative you simply drop the final s..


Present simple

you work

TRABAJAS
COMES
ABRES

you eat
you open

Imperative

TRABAJA!
COME!
ABRE!

work!
eat!
open!

Abre la puerta, que tu padre ha llegado a casa!

Open the door, your father has arrived home!


Here are some irregular imperatives:

hacer haz

poner pon

venir ven

cerrar cierra decir d

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Usa el verbo adecuado en el imperativo


Pelar

lavar

cortar x 2
batir

frer x 3

mezclar

Receta de tortilla de patatas


. y . las patatas (se calcula una patata grande por persona).
.. en lminas no muy grandes.
. las patatas en aceite abundante. Para hacer la tortilla es muy
importante que las patatas estn blandas y no crujientes. Para eso hay que frerlas
a fuego bajo y en una sartn tapada durante unos 10 minutos.
En un recipiente grande (por ejemplo una ensaladera) los huevos (se
calcula un huevo por persona). Se echa sal.
Cuando las patatas ya estn blandas, se sacan de la sartn y se escurren de aceite.
Entonces .. bien con los huevos batidos y se deja reposar unos 5
minutos.
Mientras la mezcla de los huevos y las patatas reposa, media cebolla
en trozos muy pequeos y .con un poco de aceite durante 5 10
minutos. Cuando est lista, se echa a la mezcla.
En una sartn un poco profunda se echan 2 cucharadas de aceite. Cuando est
caliente, se echa la mezcla de las patatas, los huevos y la cebolla y .. a
fuego medio.

Despus de un par de minutos en la sartn se da la vuelta a la tortilla (cuidado aqu,


hacerlo en el aire es difcil- si no sabes, utiliza un plato; es menos elegante pero
ms seguro). Es conveniente echar un poco ms de aceite a la sartn cuando se da
la vuelta porque si no, la tortilla se puede pegar. Cuando la tortilla est hecha por
los dos lados, ya se puede comer.

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Some people consider the indirect way of giving instructions more


straightforward.
This is formed by using the verb PODER + the infinitive. Again
concentrating on t, we would say Puedes venir aqui? can you come
here?

Interprete las frases


a. Come here!
b. You make the breakfast tomorrow.
c. Can you make the breakfast tomorrow?
d. Clean your room now!
e. Can you clean your room today please?
f. Put your dirty clothes in the washing machine!
g. Can you put your dirty clothes in the washing machine?
h. Eat more fruit to be healthy!
i. Put the TV on, the film is starting.

j.

Can you put the TV on please? The film is starting.

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Page 151 of 152

HAY ALGUIEN ALL?


LECCIN 50

Sometimes we want to talk generally about someone or something, and of


course, as in English, we can do this in Spanish!
These words are known as indefinites or indefinidos.
FOR PEOPLE

Alguien someone/anyone
Hay alguien all? Is anyone there?

Nadie no-one
No, no hay nadie all No, theres no-one there
FOR THINGS

Algo something/anything
Tengo hambre, hay algo para comer? Im hungry, is there anything to eat?
Nada nothing
No, no hay nada en la nevera No, theres nothing in the fridge.
FOR PEOPLE & THINGS

Algn(o), a, os, as any


Ningn(o), a, os, as none / any (negative)
Tienes algn libro de Stephen King? Do you have any books by Stephen King?
No, no tengo ningn. No, I dont have any.

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Elige la palabra correcta nadie, algn, alguna, algo, alguien, nada, ningn, ninguna

a. Quieres tomar.?

b. No, no quiero tomar .. .

c. Hay ..mesa libre en el restaurante?

d. No, no hay .mesa libre.

e. En mi casa no tengo cuadro. No me gusta.

f. quiere hacer la comida?

g. No, .. quiere hacerla.

h. Hay ..refresco en la nevera?

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