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v i vi
f
r
p
i.
)
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'
!
%
&
N
4
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!
N
4
%
&
)
6 P
L p=(,,r) p
ri
vr
i vii r
dis.
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sf
mi
r
xp
ssd s
p=ap
.p
W
ap
is
p ir p
p
ri
ap
r
ms
idiy m
ix sir 1=1=
r
r
r r
r
r
r
r
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p
spriv p
ri
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+
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&
4
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&
4
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ap
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i v
m r ippi
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is
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s
ii
s dpd
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f p
ri
, p
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ri
f
r p
i
T p
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f fidi i
sri
f i i
f vi v
m
d
is is simp ifid if r
v
vi
v
m f
r ippi
r
p
pipd.
i. fi
s p
f
m p
ri
sf
mi
ir
r
v
s r
di v s i vi v
m
p ir
p
r
dis.
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ri
vi v
ms
r
v
d
r
p
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i
p
i
d
p
spriv vi v
ms
r
v
d i r
mii
f
s
d sr
sf
mi
s.
! +
T
m izd vi v
m is
i
dfid y p s
X=, x=1, y=, y=1, z=, z=1
! +
T
sv
dvs
r ippi is
i r
1. T
m izd vi v
m p
vids sd
d
s p f
p
si y sizd vi v
m.
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rd
s
simp ifid d sd
dizd
i i r ippi p s
vip
p s.
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fr d
mii
simp ifid, sir Zxis ys p
is
ds
vi
.
appi p
sii
s i i
r
vi v
m
dimsi
r
vip
is rr
mp is d
i r
mii
f sr i d
s i
.
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3D vip
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appi p
sii
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r
vi v
m
dimsi
r
vip
is rr
mp is d i
r
mii
f sr i d
s i
.
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x
Dy
y
Dz
z
W
|i r
3D vip
i dp
i p
sii
(x,y,z) ssi i p
sii
s
i
i
r
d f
m
i
f
s
i 1 = 1 if x< xvmi ( f)
i 1 = 1 if x< xvmx (
i )
i 1 = 1 if y< yvmi (
)
i 1 = 1 if y< yvmx (
v)
i 1 = 1 if z< zvmi (f
)
i 1 = 1 if z< zvmx (rk)
i sm i dp
is
P1(x1,y1,z1) d P2(x2,y2,z2)
p
m
ir i
s r
X=x1+(x2x1)
Y=y1+(y2y1)
Z=z1+(z2z1)
WORLDiOORDINT
Or dsr
ipi
s
"
##
#
"
%
"
2D r
dis
3D r
dis
2$$
!!2=:
#
1.
T
s i
i 3D is simp xsi
f
m i 2D:
T d x d y d
2.
dx
d y
d
sy
s
#
3.
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i
i
drd p
vi
s y is s 3D
i
% xis.
r |
|
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simi
y v:
r |
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r |
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&
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r |
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f
i
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s!
r
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r
Ry R
r
r
r
r
r
r
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r
r
r
r r
r
Ry R R Ry
r
r
r
r
a
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f p
irip xs, i..
xs r
sii r
di sysm. T
m
r d
,
f
xmp ,
p
f
m
i
i
y xis:
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r
'
2(x2, y2 , z2&
1(x1, y1 , z1&
&
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2
1
1
&
&
1). T
s
r y (,
2). R xis s
i is
% p : ( )
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'
1
(
3). R
xis
s
i is
%: ( )
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&
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ivi ,
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p
ri
f
% p is .
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(
&
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y
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m i sms d f
m i
s
p
sii
i ()
i
di p
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i ().
()
()
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i
is
r
mp
s p
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sf
mi
s , d %.
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r is si
i s
d d
s
ff
p
i di
d
sdi. T 2d, m
s
r pp
r is
s p
p
is
f
spri
m
irs.
ki diffir p
m i
simp
sp
ms:
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s
ii.
2. R
xis sr is i (%) p .
3. R
xis sr is
% xis.
. R
% xis sr is i (%) p .
"
2
%
2
%
T x y
1.
2.
x
y
P T x y P RT
y y
RT
P T x y P x x
y y
RT
R y |
|
r |
R
R1
R2
P T x y P x x
r |
|
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RR2
RR1
l
r l
l
l
r l
%
.
R
RRR
i y, v r
mp
si m
ix:
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%
RRR2
R Rx l R y | T x y R T
otate the vector
|
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xis is [1, ]. f
i
ii y
|,
s i vr
is
r |
|
| r |
r | |
#
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i
ii y |,
s i vr
is
r |
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r | r |
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v
s s ss if
y
vr
,
ii y p
ii
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ri
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) xis,
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(
),
i
m
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i s [)] i
d
f y xp iri k
d
f |, r
i
.
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v
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p
i
f
v
i
is
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ii (
) di
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i
m
ix i is rs is (| ), xp
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d
s
sp
s.
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T
|
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T
r |
is
i
m
ix if
s vr
i f fi
d
di
ri
f .
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(2, 3)
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d,
s vr
d
di
ri
f
p
siiv xis,
i
m
ix s
d
T
R T
r |
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|
|
r |
r | |
r | |
r
is p
pdir
, i.. i
d
p
dr is z
.
r | ! | r | ! |
r vr
i
d y (|)
i
p
siiv d xs,
m m
irs, v
R | RT |
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$
T cross product
vector product
f
vr
s, d , is
vr
:
y y
! x x
x y x y
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$
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ss p
dr
f
vr
s is
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dirs di
ri
f r
ss p
dr.
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v xmp s r xdd
3D rss.
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d
di
ri
f p
siiv xis.
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v
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k
m
vr
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, f
xmp ,
vr
s, d
iv. If f
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i
y iv s i
d r
m i
i
m
ix. W
r
ms
I my rss i 3D,
y
vr
i id
f
r
di xs, d
s
f
xp iri y iv. Ls s
xmp :
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, i is xmp , vr
i
d
p
siiv % di
ri
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m isd .
r
ms f
, is
p
pdi
r
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r
ss p
dr
f d . Sir
! is p
pdir
1
%
#
d i
d di
ri
is drid y r
ss
p
dr
f
di
ri
s, ir is
#
1
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f
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i
m
ix s
d
P P ! P P
P P ! P P
P P ! P P ! P P
R
P P ! P P ! P P
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P
P
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is
i
i
p d i
sri
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p s r
f
viy.
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:
i
d
f
rk xis.
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:
i
d
sid
sid xis.
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:
i
d
v
ir xis.
i
sid
f
i xmp . i
p is
id sr is
s is
p
ii i p
siiv % di
ri
, is
i i is p
ii i p
siiv
di
ri
, is r
rkpi is p
ii i p
siiv di
ri
. W
sf
m i
p s
i ds i di
ri
iv y vr
* (di
ri
f f i ), is r
d is
kd.
y ! O
R
y ! O
O ! y ! O
O ! y ! O
O
O
m
1. T
s i
:
T d x d y d T d x d y d
sx s y s
2. Sr i:
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3. R i :
R | R | R T |
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:
| !
a
&
Diff
mis
f r
:
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6 v
f visi i
6 m y p
rpi
f
ry (f), r=f,
r=3.11 rm/sr
f
ry) is r d
=
T is dis
ii
my idir:
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mi v (
f
ry)
ir is r
f i ($), rp.
D
2)
i ss ( mir), isiy
f
i ( ), rp.
3) p
iy (2!), rp. D W
a
T r
f
r dpds
s
r d
f
sp
ry
d
f ri
f m
i
T spr
r
vs dsr
i
i
f
diff
v s
f
rd d
f rd (rp. m
i r
ffiris
i
drd i i mii
m
d s)
"
Irid i i p
r is f
f rd
.. if i is s
d => rk
If v s
s
d =>
r
is
s
vd s r
f
r y
f ri
!= =
! !
r
s
r
mi
p
dr i i
2=
! ! (
)
r
s sd
f
dsr
ii
r
s
T
mi p
irip s f
mixi r
s:
6 22=22
6
2=22
6
6
6
p
r
s
p r
s
r
=> mix
'
6
r
pims
mixd di
r y i s
m
iid, .. ik
r r
i mix
s
s is sprifir
p
f irid i
r
f mix
is d
mid y
s
ri
f r
d i , .. y
s
s
=>
y
d d
, i.. y
, i
6
6
p
im
y r
s: ry, m d
y
, i.. iaY
ypir r i i p
i
s/p
s
r
ri
ddiiv d
s
riv p
im
y r
s (rp. r
'
f
T
i
f m y r
siss
f
!
(7a),pp
, d ! (112a), sv
,
ir
r
rd i
v fi
s
i
f &
T
y: r
s r
sis
f v
i
s i
s
i m
i
T i ssiiviy
f r
s d
ds v
is
i v , d p
s
s
T sm
f
6
y spr
m
f i
6
f ri
spr
m
f
r
6
sp
s spr
m
f y
drids r
p
rpi
f
p
s
>
T m y r p
riv
32(!)
diff
r
s
Nrss
y i s
m kid
f r ssifiri
sys
m; si
r
dis s sis:
1)
iI sd
d
2)
RG r
m
d
3)
iaY r
m
d ( s
, iaY)
)
HS r
m
d
)
HLS r
m
d
i
mmissi
I
i
d
Lr i
(1931)
6
r
mp
m
d
6 r r
=
i d sm
f
imi
y
p
im
y r
s
*
6
r
s
d f
m
p
im
is
v
i
s r
s
id y
r i m
f r p
im
y
ddiiv mixi
(
,,),
,,1
*&
6
6
+
1 i/p
im
y => r
s, is/p
im
y => 16a r
s
a5
6
6
6
d,
d ,
spriv y
s
riv mixi
ypir p
i
r i
a5&
6
m
s sm
r s i RG;
y rk<> i
v
i
s r
s
id y
dri i , .. if
d is s
d =>
d
ddd, i. ry
* a5
If isiis
p
sd s
,,1
d r,m,y1 ( s
r
dis 2 r
sd),
i
RG d
iaY r dsr
id s:
r 1
m 1
y 1
a5
p
ii d
p irs
ids
y, iaY
is
; f
p
im
y, ir
sds f
rk, is ddd.
i
v
si
s RG d iaY
p
ssi ,
y
i
s
m
x
p
rssi.
f
6
6
HS sds f
HS
i
dsr
id y xr
d
ivd f
m RG
r
f&
6
H (36);
r
, rp.
d
mi v
(12)
S
i
(1);
m
f i
(13)
(1);
m
f rk (23)
f&
T m
s iv f
r p
im
y
sims
f
my v s m i
is rp
disiis , ir (i
y) ivs
m
f r
rs:
12*13*23 = 3272
I i
mp
G
p irs, s y
i :
12**1 = 163
fO
m
d simi
HS
L sds f
O2$
S
m m
frs
r
s:
T disr
r
s i
r
r is
ms
f
f
p
r
s
p
rpi
y!
Hms
m
ssiiv
s ifs i
(d
) , f
isr, i
y
6 iOaP|TR
NIaTIONS
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
m y f
m imi
r f
m is sp
y
d.
Or dfii
Ors
dfid i
ms
f sir s ps, sr s
p
y
s
sp is. I ddii
ss
rid m
vms f
r
r
sprifid
i s p.
S
y
d
I is
i
f ri
yf
m
Di d d
i
f sr p
ir
isr
Is
I
mdi f
ms (3
is f
r
ky
f
ms)
a
i
s r
d si 2D
3D
sf
mi
Or p
m
s
s
d i ds
Rd
i
i ms
sd fi y
Rs
imi
s:
|ss
s
p
i
s.
x: r im
rs
2D m
i
p s si
r
sf
mi
s. H
p
dfi
r
srrssiv p
sii
s
m
i
p , d s
srrssiv
rks
f pix v s
r
is
i
mp
imi
s:
ypir sk i imi
sprifiri
is
Sr dsr
ipi
ir ds p
sii
f
rs d i
s
rs, dfii p
m
ir p
m
s d si
rm
p
m
s.
ri
sprifiri
is iv
vs y
f m
i
p s f
rs d rm
. W d vii d p
spriv
sf
mi
s,
m
ir
sf
mi
s, visi s
fr
dri
, s
fr
d
i, kimirs r.,
yf
m sysms dsid simp y
i
s f
m s
sprifid ky f
ms.
6
6
6
6
6
6
i
mp
imi
s:
ypir sk i imi
sprifiri
is
P
m
izd sysms
r m
i
r
r
isirs
sprifid s p
f
r dfiii
s. T ds
p
m
s r
sr
r r
isirs s d
s
f
f
d
m, m
i
imii
s d
s p r s.
Sr
ipi sysms
r sprifiri
s d
imi
srs
dfid i s
ip sr
ip.
m sr
ip i
y
f v
i
s
rs d m
i
s r r
s
rd.
Li
N i
6
6
6
6
y f
m sysms
a
p i T
sf
mi
f
r s ps f
m
f
m
is
r d m
p i.
Giv
kyf
ms f
r
sf
mi
, fi
s ds
r sprifiri
i
f f
ms s
m
f p
y
ds
v
irs is sm f
f
ms.
1
diff
f
ms
L Lk,Lk+1 d
m
1
f i sms i
,+1
3
L s dfi
Lmx=mx(Lk,Lk+1)
2
2
Lmi=mi(Lk,Lk+1)
y f
m
y f
m +1
N = Lmx m
d Lmi
Ns = i(Lmx / Lmi)
Sps
1. Dividi N ds
f kyf
mmi i
Ns+1 sri
s
2. Dividi
mii is
f kyf
mmi i
Nssri
s
y f
m
2
y f
m +1
y f
m sysms
a
p i T
sf
mi
f
r s ps f
m
f
m
is
r d m
p i.
If iz v
x r
, simi
ysis f
s
L k,k+1 d
m
f v
irs i
diff
f
ms ,+1
L s dfi
mx=mx(Lk,Lk+1)
mi=mi(Lk,Lk+1)
N s = (mx 1)m
d (mi 1)
Np = i((mx 1) / (mi 1)
Sps
1. ddi Np p
is
N s i sri
s
f kyf
mmi sri
s
2. ddi Np1 p
is
mii ds
f kyf
mmi
6
6
6
=1,2,.,
6
6
=1
6
6
=1
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
a
i
sprifiri
s
Di
r m
i
sprifiri
s
H
xp iri y iv
i
s d
s i
vr
s.
T
m
ir
sf
mi
m
irs
pp id
sf
m
r
di p
sii
s.
ri r pp
ximd y si r
v
y(x)=I(si(;x+|)Ikx
is iii mp id
; is
f
ry
| is p s
is dmpi r
s
a
i
sprifiri
s
G
di
rd sysms
W r sprify m
i
s
k p r i
ms
s
r y dsr
i ri
s, rs y d
mi sprifir
m
i
p
m
s iv
s
f imi
.
a
i
sprifiri
s
imirs
imir sprifiri
f
f m
i
r s
iv y simp y dsr
ii
m
i
p ir is
f d
si sp is.
I iv
s kimirs
sprify ii d
fi p
sii
s
f
rs
sprifid ims d
m
i
p
m
s
r
mpd y sysm.
6
6
a
i
sprifiri
s
dymirs
sprifiri
f f
rs p
dr v
riis d
rr
i
s. Dsr
ipi
s
f
r vi
d
if r
f
f
rs
y
f
$Id y sid f
:
$L
v
ms
f
rs id ffrs, iids,
$i
imi
/d
pi
$|d
yi mr isms
s y:
$P
ir sysms
$asssp
i sysms
Sr
d
y a
i
a
i
ip
>O
Iii Sps i D
i i
s
| >!O
6
i s: . , . i, .d
$T
$
$
i
f
d
is p rd i Ir d
di
r
y
f is i++
T idivid i fi s
p rd i i
di
r
y
f is i++
T idivid d fi s
p rd i
i:\Wid
s\Sysm32
| >!Om
6
Ir ds:
| >!O
6
i i p
r sis: is i++
6.
$ P
r m, Sis
y
$ I Or/ i
y m
d s m
v
$
$
d
f
i d dd i32. i 32. i 32. i
p 32. i (sp
d y sprs f
m s
y d r
)
I P
r Opi
s, sr
d
d
f
x
d dd sm s
f . i fi s
i
s P
r m d sv
kspr
| >!O
6
i i P
r Sis: is i++
.NT 23
$ P
r, P
p
is, Lik
, i
mmd Li
$ I i spr
m, dd
$
G
p irs disp y: i
sr
();
id
s sysm (); [
v s
sr
r
dis, i yxis d
];
id
s sysm [iv
d r
dis]
(r)
*
6
sPix (x, y, r
)
$ Pix
ri
(, ) s r
sprifid y
$
6
O
ms: pPix (), SPix (),
d
P
i()
$ D
s i (x1, y1) d (x2, y2)
$ O
ms: d
Li()
Li().
*
6
(
&, sprifis
sysm is d
i
.
m
vT
(x,y) m
vs p ivisi y
ri
(x, y) d pds
r
p
sii
is p
sii
.
iT
(x,y) d
s s
i i f
m
r
p
sii
(x, y) d
pds
(x, y).
,
6
6
6
6
6
>O
6
s sm
p irs p
m
my diff
mr i yps i
y idir
p.
$ .d fi s ms i
6
p
m
OpGL is PI: i r
s v
d
y
si, d y
s is
fri
s isd
f r
i
d
di
r y.
OpGL is
p s
r (f
).
6
6
'(
6
$
6
$
6
(R)d
s sr
id
pd
id
m
vd
ff i.
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s id
id d i f
s pd
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. (a
vi id
d
s
p
dr
s p v.)
Id r(myId );
'( m
6
a sr(mya s);
$ Hd s m
s
p
sss.
s
m
s
ri
d
f
(p
d
d ir
).
6
a i r(mya i r);
$ Hd s rs
m
s is m
vd i
m
m
s
s p
ssd.
'(
6
$ Hd s rs
m
s
s id
i
!
s p
ssd.
y
dr(myy
dr);
$ Hd s ky p
sss d
ss.
s
ir
ky s p
ssd d m
s
ri
.
6
aiL p()
Rs f
v
ii f
v. W
rr
s,
i is d d y pp
p
i r rk fri
.
O '
6
6
6
O, f
ir r
mmds i i GL;
O|
, GL |i iy T
ki,
ps id
s,
dv
ps ms, d ms vs.
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y, ir p
vids
i v
is
d r
mp x
m mir d d
i
p
i
s.
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I
fr Li
y, ir is
r
mp y i
d i GL|T i
y.
$
$
6
Ii (&
r,
v) iii izs OpGL
T
ki
IiDisp ya
d (GL|T_SINGL |
GL|T_RG)
rs si disp y
ff
d ss r
s
d
IiWid
Siz (6, ) mks
id
6 pix s id y pix s
i
m
6
6
T r rk fri
s y
i
is
d, d p
m
s
d ss
p, ii f
vs
rr
.
W v
rr
s, GL r s
v d
fri
.
"
>O
6
W s
i r
di sysm sd
id
s r
d:
679 i x
d
79 i y.
OpGL d
i is sd
v
irs
(r
s). T
d
r i OpGL,
y
pss i is
f v
irs.
$ T is s
s i i(
); d ds i
d();
$
d
mis is d
.
$ d() sds d
i d d
O
.
6
6
6
6
i (GL_POINTS);
$
x2i (1, );
$
x2i (1, 13);
$
x2i (1, 13);
d();
GL_POINTS is r
s i i
Op
GL ( s
GL_LINS, GL_POLYGON, )
i
mp r
d
d
3 d
s is i
i. 2.11.
,O
6
6
x2i () ks i
v s
x2d () ks f
i p
i
v s
OpGL s is
d yps
mk
p irs dviridpd
$ |s
>!O
sffix d yp
i/i++ yp
-*
O
/*
O
"*
O O 0
"*
O O
/!*
$
O O
O O
O
O
6 i
3f(
d,
, );
// s d
i r
$ i
3f(1., ., .);
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3f(., 1., .);
$ i
3f(., ., 1.);
$ i
3f(., ., .);
$ i
3f(1., 1., 1.);
$ i
3f(1., 1., .);
$ i
3f(1., ., 1.);
//
d
//
//
// rk
//
i i
//
i y
// m
i
i
(
d,
, , p );
$ Ss rk
d r
.
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f
sp
ry; s . f
.
6
i
(GL_iOLOR_|R_IT);
$ r
s id
rk
d r
O
6
6
6
6
$
x2i (, 1);
$
x2i (22, 96);
// 2 v
irs
d ();
s ();
If m
v
irs
sprifid
i(GL_LINS) d
d() y
k i pi
s, d
sp
i is d
r
pi
.
i
, irkss, sipp i.
i
3f() ss r
.
LiWid (.) ss irkss. T df
irkss is 1..
). i is
is
r). sipp d
O "
6
6
i (GL_LIN_STRIP);
// GL_LIN_LOOP
r
s p
y i
(mk i p
y
)
$ //
x2i () r s
6
6
6
d ();
s ();
GL_LIN_LOOP r
fi d i
r
6
D
i i
p s: r
r r pi
m
6
D
i p
y i f
m v
irs i fi
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y is
$ # v
irs i fi
s p
y i
$ i
dis
f v
irs, x y,
pi
p
i
$ Rp s 2 is s rss
y
6
6
i f
di
s
vi f
m W si
i
d
d
p
y is/p
y
s i i.
2.2.
6
P
m
izi D
is:
s mki
m diff
sizs d spr
i
s
i
d f
p
m
izd
s is i
i. 2.27.
-
.
6
6
P
y i D
i
i
d
s p
y
f v
irs is i
i. 2.29.
i
d
d
p
y i is i i. 2.3.
6
6
6
6
Ri
s kpi
rk
f r
p
sii
sr
(iP).
m
vT
(x, y); s
(x, y)
iT
(x, y);
d
i f
m
(, ),
d pd
(, ).
i
d is i i. 2.31.
ii
! is
v
i , d
f
v
mp
i f
m is
ri
s
p
is i y
p
m.
6
r
;
r s
d
p
f p
vi
s
s
spr
i
= id / i
i (GL_POLYGON);
$ //
x2f (); r s
6
6
d ();
P
y
is fi d i r
d
i
r
> "
6
GL_TRINGLS,
GL_TRINGL_STRIP,
GL_TRINGL_N
GL_Q|DS, GL_Q|D_STRIP
6
6
Ris
fri
s:
ky
d r rk fri
s).
a
6
6
6
v
id mya
s(i
, i s, i x,
i y);
is
f GL|T_LT_|TTON,
GL|T_aIDDL_|TTON,
GL|T_RIGHT_|TTON.
S is GL|T_|P
GL|T_DOWN.
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m
s p
sii
im
f
v.
a m
6
T x v is m
f pix s f
m
f
f id
.
T y v is m
f pix s !# f
m
p
f id
.
I
d
s ffrs
f s
m riviy
f
m
s
ky
d, m
s
ky
d d
=r i
myDisp y()
P
sRdisp y().
i
d f
xmp mya
s() is i i.
2..
xmp s:
a!"
d.
i
d f
d
i
r s
si s fri
s is i i. 2.1.
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v
id myy
d(sid r
y, i m
sX, i m
sY)
{
GLi x = m
sX;
GLi y = sr
Hi m
sY; // f ip y v sir ( y)
{rs p: d
D
(x, y);
k;
// d
d
m
s p
sii
rs : xi(1);
//
mi p
m
df :
k;
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i
P
m
s
fri
i ys
(sid r
ky, i m
sX, i
m
sY).
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di ds
f ippd y
s
ri i f
m sr
Hi .
dy is sir i rss
d
riv kys (ky v is SiII r
d).
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d r rs i
k!
| a
6
O|a'(
6
6
6
I i
a(mya);
s m ID
v
id mya(i m); // d s r
ir m
v
id dda
y(r
* m, i v );
// v sd i mya sir
d
r
ir
v
id r a(i
); //
f
GL|T_RIGHT_|TTON,
GL|T_aIDDL_|TTON,
GL|T_LT_|TTON
|s y GL|T_RIGHT_|TTON
O|'a
6
i
sa fi
s, si m
r
mmds, dd i
mi m.
$
6
ddSa (r
* m, i mID); //
mID is v
d y
i
a sm s
r
d
i
mp r
d f
GL|T a pp iri
is
i i. 2.. (N
sms
sd.)
O|a
O|
6
xmp p
m i s
i
s GL|I i
fr
pi
s is vi
k si.
a
s
f
k s d
f
y
;
y
my r d ps f
m xmp
p
ms i GL|I dis
ii
.
| !
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6
6
O y s
v
x
m d m
i
p
p
y
r
mp r
f
p
y
fi: fs
r
mp
|sd :
$ P
y
is sm
$ Li s
r is f
y ( y)
$ y is v
y f
y ( y)
a*
6
6
s di sff
s f
m mr d ffr
ar d ffr m ys rr
disr
iiy
d
y
perceived intensity
6
i
mp i i f
m
p
is
r fr
6
T
p
p
m
ds:
$ G
d s di (sd y OpGL)
$ P
s di (
spr
i i
i OpGL)
,
6
6
6
T sm
s di
i m sd i OpGL
1(O 1
%&
Li i is r r d f
r
f p
y
v
irs
i
s
i
p
d f
i
i
pix s
6
6
6
P
v
x i i r r i
N
m is dd f
r v
x
P
v
x
m r r
mpd y
v
i ds fr
m s
n
n1
n3
n2
n4
6
i
mp v
x i mii
(r
)
f
p
ri
sf
mi
S d i
i
pix s: r
i
p
i
(
m s
dd)
i1
for all scanlines
ia = lerp(i1, i2)
i2
i = lerp(i1, i3)
i3
Lerp(ia, i )
6
Li
i
p
i
x=
a / (a+ ) * v1 + /(a+ ) * v2
a
6
x
v1
v2
#
"'
6
Li i i p
y
i
i
r
irr
"
6
6
6
Isd
f i
p
i
, r r i i f
r
pix isid p
y
(p
pix i i)
Nd
m s f
pix s
p
vidd y s
P
s di
i m i
p
s
m s
d r
mp i i d
i
s
izi
(d
mp
m rk
d
y spr
)
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6
N
m i
p
i
n = lerp(n1, n3)
na = lerp(n1, n2)
lerp(na, n )
S
spp
d y OpGL d
m
s
p irs
d
| !
i
O
6
6
6
6
6
r s
m
ir
rs.
ay
d
rs ik f
s
s pd ik f
r s.
r s
f
md y i
i
s.
r s
s fsimi
.
I r
mp
p irs, s f
r
fri
s
r
r
mp x
rs.
(
1/3
1/3
1/3
1/3
G
I
i
I
i
1
I
i
2
I
i
3
G
I
i
1
I
i
2
I
i
3
I
i
I
i
G
I
i
I
i
1
I
i
2
I
i
3
6
T f
r s v p
drd s
f
sm
v
y
d
ifiri .
T
r
s
m
ism d v
ii iy, simp y
r s s i y s
mims sd
d
m m
.
xmp , y
r r
v s
m
f f
s
sid.
xmp , y
r s
v
y s
f
r s d
r i fr
.
6
6
is
d
m
ffs
T is is
d
m
ffs
:
= s
||,
$
$
s is s
s rd
ss fr
, d
is Gssi
d
m v
i i m d
v
ir 1
"
*
6
6
6
6
N
ir i
d, v ys d
m
is v diff
s ps.
If v sm
i
i
i m f
m
is d v ys, i i
s i
isir, i
ki dsrps.
T
f
, s diff
p
m
s f
v ys
d m
is.
s
, r m y r
ids, r iffs, d
p ir f
s, d s
f
r s
r
di
ss.
6
6
6
Ifii di v
y p
i
S f simi
iy p
s d
v
f
s
f
r
Z
m i
r idi s p
$ Z
md s p s m
di
$ v y sm
s
Z
m i
f
r
$ S m
di
$ D
s
sm
a
d
$ T
i, r
ds
,
s, p s, f
s, f
, p
s
G
i
P1=(P), P2 = (P1), P3=(P2)
$ P3=(((P)))
P
s
sr d d
v
si
s
f i
r
Sisir y s fsimi
$ pp y
d
m v
ii
sp
s
$ T
s, s
s,
vi
6
d
m v
ii
s
$ Sx<>Sy<>Sz
6
$
i,
, r
ds
N
i
sf
mi
s
$ S f s
i f
r s
$
$
J i
s
$ S
i fri
i r
mp x spr
ad
s
$ S
i fri
i r
mp x spr
$ S fiv
s f
r s
$
Iv
si
p
rd
s
'c
$ '
$ i
1
$ 2('&
$ 3
$ 2
4
# 5
$
$ 2
#
$ 0
$
$
$ * #
#
0 #
$ 6
*
l !
a'
rr
rr
rr
rr
l
a'
6
6
!
6
Iii
$ Giv
m
ir s
6
G
$ P
6
p
ir
p rs sp
s
f iii
r i
v
p
6
D=f
r dimsi
$ m
f v
ii
i s
r
$ as
f
ss
f
mi
f
r
$ Sm d ss d
$ L
dm
d
S f simi
rs
$ sd=1 (S
m
ks
i is s sd=1)
$ s=sr i fr
$ m
f sp
s i sdivisi
$ d= ()/ (1/s)
$ [d= ()/ (s)
v
s is m
f sms v
ss
mr
mi sm s
drd
$ I.. i dividd i
3 sms. Isd
f syi i is 1/3,
sy isd
3 sms. N
ir 1/(1/3) = 3]
$ If
diff
sr i fr
s
$
$
L
Skd=1
,!/,/
6
Dimsi
is
i
f
( siz)/(
d siz)
Divid r
f
divisi
v sms
=s
r s s f k
D= / 3 = 1.262
y
f
r:
k m
d
$ =
$
Nm
f sms
$ s=1/3
$
sms
drd y 1/3
$ d= / (1/(1/3))
6
$
$
$
aks
i s
W kp 3
T
f
=3
$ G 3
i s f
m 1
d
i
$
6
r dimsi
'
6
pp y f
r
i m
$
$
$
W is f
r dimsi
W v 2 rs,
sd
v 1
$ =2
$ s=3
O*a
6
6
6
6
$
$
=>
=> [][]
[[][]][[][]]
$
$
$
Rp
ss sr
f
sms i
p
s
r
r i
rks
I
si, I
S
i sis=
G
ds
O*a
6
6
a
dify p
{,,[,],(,)
R s
$
$
$
6
6
6
[]()
[[]()]([]())
=>
=> []()
[] = f
r () =
i
r S
i sis=
G
ds
$
$
Rp
ss sr
f
sms i
p
s
r
r i
rks
6
i
r siz rr
di
dp
f
p
rr
rr
"
6
"
6
1
$
4
#4 # #
$ 1
)
8
$
$ $
$
4
$ $ 4
" '
6
6
*
)
$ )
$
$
) #
#4
$
#
4
$ % )
$ 4; 2
%4; O#
$ *4
$
i #
(;
4&
i #
$ 1
0
8 0
6
6
T
r
$
$
$
=a
v f
d i
L=T
f
R=T
i
Sip
di
ri
s, d
f
s
i
i
$
$
W if r
6
d
s
$
$
=> LRRL
sis
r i
v (s
f k)
xmp k f
m
k
|
6
6
6
6
di iy
[R][L] [R[R][L]]
[R][L] [L[R][L]]
[R][L]