1H90統計學試閱讀檔

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21
2012 10 Thomas H. Davenport

D. J. Patil Data Scientist: The Sexiest Job of
the 21st Century
APPWhoscall 10
LINE 5.29 2014
5.29
Whoscall
()
EXCEL
iv
Whoscall
Whoscall
17
2014
2014
9 10
Contents
iii
chapter1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.3.1
1.3.2
1.3.3
1.3.4
1.3.5
5
6
7
8
9
1.4
10
1.5
11
1.5.1
1.5.2
12
13
13
11
chapter2
2.1
16
2.2
16
2.2.1
2.2.2
16
17
vi
2.3
2.3.1
2.3.2
2.3.3
2.3.4
2.3.5
20
20
20
21
22
23
2.4
24
2.4.1
2.4.2
24
28
29
26
chapter3
3.1
32
3.2
32
3.2.1
3.2.2
3.3
34
34
38
3.3.1
3.3.2
38
43
44
50
38
chapter4
4.1
52
4.2
52
4.2.1
52
4.2.2
4.2.3
4.2.4
4.3
4.3.1
4.3.2
4.3.3
4.3.4
4.4
vii
58
59
60
61
62
63
63
67
68
4.4.1
4.4.2
4.4.3
68
70
71
74
69
69
chapter 5
5.1
76
5.2
77
5.2.1
5.2.2
5.3
77
81
83
5.3.1z
5.3.2T
83
87
88
89
87
viii
chapter 6
6.1
92
6.2
93
6.2.1
6.2.2
6.2.3
6.3
6.3.1
6.3.2
6.3.3
6.3.4
6.4
6.4.1
6.4.2
6.4.3
6.5
93
94
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
100
102
104
105
6.5.1
6.5.2
6.5.3
105
113
114
107
109
chapter 7
7.1
7.1.1
7.1.2
7.2
7.2.1
116
116
116
117
117
7.2.2
7.2.3
7.2.4
7.3
ix
119
121
123
125
7.3.1
7.3.2
7.3.3
7.3.4
125
132
132
126
128
129
chapter 8
8.1
136
8.2
137
8.2.1
8.2.2
8.2.3
8.2.4
8.2.5
8.3
8.3.1
8.3.2
8.3.3
8.3.4
8.4
138
139
139
140
142
142
143
144
146
149
150
8.4.1
8.4.2
8.4.3/
150
159
160
165
151
156
chapter 9
9.1
168
9.2
169
9.2.1
9.2.2
9.2.3
9.2.4
9.3
9.3.1
9.3.2
9.3.3
9.4
169
170
171
171
173
173
174
176
180
9.4.1
9.4.2
9.4.3
9.4.4
180
185
185
180
182
184
chapter 10
10.1
188
10.2
189
10.2.1 z
10.2.2 z
10.2.3 t
10.2.4 t
10.3
10.3.1
189
191
192
195
196
196
10.3.2
10.3.3
10.3.4
10.4
10.4.1
10.4.2
xi
197
199
200
202
202
205
10.5t
208
208
209
214
chapter 11
11.1
218
11.2
219
11.2.1
11.2.2
11.2.3
11.3
11.3.1
11.3.2
11.3.3
11.3.4
11.3.5F
11.4
11.4.1
11.4.2
11.4.3 F
11.5ANOVA
11.5.1
11.5.2
219
219
220
221
221
222
224
225
226
227
227
228
231
232
232
232
xii
11.5.3
11.5.4
11.5.5 I
11.6
232
233
233
234
11.6.1
11.6.2
234
239
239
243
235
chapter 12
12.1
246
12.2
247
12.2.1
12.2.2
12.2.3
12.2.4
12.2.5
247
247
249
251
253
12.3
255
12.3.1
12.3.2
12.3.3
12.3.4
255
12.4
12.4.1
12.4.2
12.4.3
12.5
12.5.1
12.5.2
256
257
259
259
259
261
262
265
265
267
12.5.3
267
271
271
274
xiii
chapter 13
13.1
278
13.2
279
13.2.1
13.2.2
13.3
13.3.1
13.3.2
13.3.3
13.3.4
13.3.5
13.4
279
280
280
280
282
284
285
285
286
13.4.1
13.4.2
286
287
288
291
286
chapter 14
14.1
294
14.2
294
14.2.1
14.2.2
294
295
xiv
14.2.3
297
14.3
300
14.3.1
14.3.2
300
14.4
14.4.1
14.4.2
14.5
301
303
303
304
305
14.5.1
14.5.2
14.5.3
14.5.4
14.5.5
305
307
308
310
306
306
306
306
chapter 15
15.1
314
15.2
314
15.2.1
2
15.2.2 R
15.2.3
15.3
15.3.1
15.3.2
15.4
15.4.1
15.4.2
15.4.3
315
317
319
321
321
322
323
323
325
326
15.4.4
15.4.5
328
331
332
334
xv
330
chapter 16
16.1
338
16.2
339
16.2.1
16.2.2
16.3
16.3.1
16.3.2
16.3.3
16.4
16.4.1
16.4.2
16.5
16.5.1
16.5.2
16.6Durbin Watson
339
340
342
342
344
346
347
348
348
352
352
354
356
16.6.1
16.6.2Durbin-Watson
356
359
362
368
357
xvi
chapter 17
17.1
372
17.2
373
17.2.1
17.2.2
17.3 2
17.3.1
2
17.3.2
2
17.3.3
17.4
17.4.1
17.4.2Wilcoxon
17.4.3Kendalls W
17.4.4Wilcoxon
17.4.5Mann-Whitney U
16.4.6Kruskal-Wallis
17.5
373
374
375
376
380
382
385
386
389
391
393
394
395
397
397
398
400
403
437
441
459
469
chapter
1.1
20
() (
)
20
(variety)
(data)
(information)
(problem-solving)
(knowledge) (theory)
(statistics)
1.2
statistika
(statistic) (state)
Cattell
statistics William Petty (1623~1687)

statistika
Galton (Sir Francis Galton,
18221911) Pearson (Karl Pearson, 18571936)
Galton
1899 Galton (Nature Inheritance)
Pearson
Pearson 1890 Pearson
(Gresham College) (the Scope and
Concepts of Modern Science)
GaltonPearson
Fisher (Ronald Aylmer Fisher, 18901962)
F F1915
Fisher
Fisher
Fisher
1912 1915
Statistical
Methods for Research WorkersDesign of Experiments 1925 1935
(maximum likelihood estimation)
Fisher
Pearson Egon Pearson 1928 Jerzy
Neyman
Egon Pearson
Fisher
SASSPSSBMDP
1.3
1.3.1
10
7 ( 1 )
10
14
500 15%
45%
0.8 2.9
(descriptive statistics)
(statistic)
(sample) (population)
()
1.3.2
10
7
10
500
2.9
() () (statistical
inference)
()
(random sample)
( 10 7)
(parameter)
22K ()
23 (
)
2.53 ()
18,007 ()
1.3.3
(causality) (experiment)
(independent variable; IV) (dependent variable; DV)
()
(subject) (participant)
(research
hypothesis)
(treatment)
(random assignment)
(statistical hypothesis testing)
(chance difference)
t
(analysis of variance; ANOVA)
1.3.4
(subject variable)
1.00 1.00 (correlation coefficient)
?
(regression analysis)
()
(
)
(
)
(
)
1.3.5
18 1,000
()
10
(sampling error)
1,000 250 400

150
.25.40.15 .20
(
1 1) (
) (chi-square test; 2-test)
(nonparametric test)
1.4
(theoretical statistics)
(applied statistics)
(descriptive statistics)
(inferential statistics)
()
11
(experimental
design)
(univariate
statistics) (bivariate statistics) (multivariate statistics)
1.5
1.5.1
12
1.5.2
13
( EXCEL )
statistics
applied statistics
descriptive statistics
univariate statistics
inferential statistics
bivariate statistics
theoretical statistics
multivariate statistics
15
chapter
16
2.1
(data) (measurement)
(variable)
(quality) (quantity)
2.2
2.2.1
(attribute) (Nunnallly Bernstein, 1994)

(quantities)
(scaling) (classification)
()
17
(standardization) (objectivity)
(operational definition)
100
Mandler Kessen (1959) (stipulated definition)
(literary definition)
(real definition)
2.2.2
(variety)
()
(attribute)
18
(value or quantities)
100120125
(independent variable; IV) (dependent variable; DV)
(qualitative variable) (categorical variable)
(quantitative variable) (continuous variable)
(
) ()
(discrete
variable)
(exact number)
19
2.1
(IV)
independent variable
(DV)
dependent variable
( )

*
qualitative variable
quantitative variable
discrete scale
()()
( )
()()
continuous scale

()
*
nominal scale
*
ordinal scale
<
>
interval scale
( )
()(IQ)
0
+
ratio scale
(
)
()
20
2.3
(scale) (level)
Stevens (1951)
2.3.1
(nominal scale)
() () ()
()
(mutually exclusive)
(exhaustive)
(classification scheme)
2.3.2
(ordinal scale)
()
() ()
21
2.3.3
() (interval scale)
()
,
.
.
, 2014.
10
.,
2008.08
.
ISBN
ISBN978-957-11-7875-2
978-957-11-5229-5 ()
1.1.2.3.
510
489.67
103020508
97009174
1MCH
1H90
275

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1H90統計學試閱讀檔

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www.wunan.com.

2012 10 Thomas H. Davenport

statistics William Petty (1623~1687)

(statistical hypothesis testing)

1.00 1.00 (correlation coefficient)

1,000 250 400

(attribute) (Nunnallly Bernstein, 1994)

(independent variable; IV) (dependent variable; DV)

(qualitative variable) (categorical variable)

(quantitative variable) (continuous variable)

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