Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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CAREERS IN THE
AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY
CHAPTER OVERVIEW
This chapter examines the automotive industry today and points out the changes that are
occurring. Professional service provided by a properly trained technician is critical because
of the technology used in todays vehicles. A detailed description is given of what it takes
to be a professional technician. Descriptions of career opportunities, job classifications,
and ASE certification requirements are provided.
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
Describe the reasons why todays automotive industry is considered a global
industry.
Explain how computer technology has changed the way vehicles are built and
serviced.
Explain why the need for qualified automotive technicians is increasing.
Describe the major types of businesses that employ automotive technicians.
List some of the many job opportunities available to people with a background in
automotive technology.
Describe the different ways a student can gain work experience while attending
classes.
Describe the requirements for ASE certification as an automotive technician and as
a master auto technician.
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Chapter 1
II.
III.
IV.
V.
D. Career Opportunities
1. Dealerships
2. Independent Service Shops
3. Franchise Repair Shop
4. Store-Associated Shops
5. Fleet Service and Maintenance
Hint: Discuss career opportunities in all areas of automotive service.
Job Classifications
A. Service Technician
B. Shop Foreman
C. Service Adviser
D. Parts Counterperson
E. Parts Manager
Hint: Discuss the various automotive shop positions and how they each
relate to the technicians.
Related Career Opportunities
A. Parts Distribution
B. Marketing and Sales
C. Other Opportunities
Training for a Career in Automotive Service
A. Student Work Experience
1. Job Shadowing Program
2. Mentoring Program
3. Cooperative Education
4. Apprenticeship Program
5. Part-Time Employment
6. Postgraduate Education
B. Canadas Automotive Apprenticeship Program
1. Red Seal Program
C The Need for Continuous Learning
ASE Certification
Hint: Introduce the various programs in your area that are available to students.
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4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
having less sophisticated diagnostic equipment to work with and less dealership sponsored training.
c. Store-associated shops provide certain specialized services such as brakes, exhaust
systems, and wheel and tire repair. An advantage to the technician is the ability to specialize in one area and product. A disadvantage is not becoming as well rounded in
other areas of automotive service.
d. Specialty service shops provide repairs in specialized repair areas such as engine
rebuilding, transmission/transaxle overhauling, brake, exhaust, emissions, or electrical systems. Technicians can become very skilled in the specialized area, but they can
also limit themselves.
e. Fleet service and maintenance shops provide service and maintenance for a fleet
of company-owned vehicles. Their technicians can become very familiar with a wide
range of vehicles over an extended period of time.
There are many ways that you can gain work experience while you are a student. They
include:
a. job shadowing
b. mentoring
c. cooperative education
d. apprenticeship
e. part-time employment
True. Apprenticeships have prescribed tasks that must be completed.
b. While a vehicle is still under warranty, repairs are usually performed in dealership
service departments.
c. Specialty shops perform work on one or more automotive systems.
d. The service advisor prepares cost estimates.
d. Neither technician is correct. After technicians pass a particular certification exam
they have completed the voluntary exam requirement for certification in that test area,
but they must still complete the work experience requirement before certification is
complete. ASE certification questions are written in several formats such as Technician A and Technician B, Most Likely, Least Likely, and questions with the word
except. Because neither technician is correct, d is the best answer.
d. A successful technician must possess each of the skills listed.
b. Two years of work experience are required to complete ASE certification. Two years
of formal training count as one of the two required years of hands-on experience.
b. Master automotive technicians are certified in all eight ASE areas.
a. Batteries and other automotive parts have prorated warranties.
c. Aftermarket parts stores that sell to both the general public and to service shops
are referred to as jobbers. Warehouse distributors do not generally sell to the general public, and mass merchandisers selling automotive products are retail outlets.
d. Technical training and support is supplied by original equipment manufacturers
(OEMs), aftermarket parts manufacturers, jobbers, tool and equipment suppliers, and
others.
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Chapter 1
4. Warehouse distributors sell and supply parts to part wholesalers commonly known as
jobbers. Jobbers sell and service automotive shops and do-it-yourselfers.
5. Some specialty shops are franchised shops. Explanations will vary.
6. Perform diagnosis, act professionally, be honest, and receive updated training
7. The Red Seal program is the highest achievement for a technician certification.
8. Diagnosis, system knowledge, and experience
9. Technician, parts counterperson, service advisor, equipment sales or service, and
instructor
10. Answers will vary.
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2
WORKPLACE SKILLS
CHAPTER OVERVIEW
This chapter describes the workplace skills needed to successfully obtain a job and how
to keep it. Among the topics discussed are the preparation of a resume and cover letter,
and how to prepare for a job interview. The basis for good workplace skills is respect. You
must not only have respect for yourself, but also for your employer, your fellow employees, and your customers.
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
Develop a personal employment plan.
Seek and apply for employment.
Prepare a resume and cover letter.
Prepare for an employment interview.
Accept employment.
Understand how automotive technicians are compensated.
Understand the proper relationship between an employer and an employee.
Explain the key elements of on-the-job communications.
Be able to use critical thinking and problem-solving skills.
Explain how you should look and act to be regarded as a professional.
Explain how fellow workers and customers should be treated.
Describe the information that should be included on a repair order.
Explain how repair costs can be estimated.
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Chapter 2
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
G. Applications
H. The Interview
I. After the Interview
Hint: Show examples of good and poorly completed resumes, cover letters,
and applications. Have the students apply for a mock job opening. Block out
the names and have the class look at the applications, cover letters, and
resumes and vote on which the applicant would most likely get hired.
Accepting Employment
A. Compensation
1. Flat Rate
Working as an Automotive Technician
A. Employer-Employee Relationships
1. Instruction and Supervision
2. Clean, Safe Place to Work
3. Wages
4. Fringe Benefits
5. Opportunity and Fair Treatment
6. Regular Attendance
7. Following Directions
8. Responsibility
9. Productivity
10. Loyalty
Hint: Invite a shop foreman or service manager to speak to the students
about what characteristics are most valued in employees.
Communications
A. Nonverbal Communication
Hint: Have a student demonstrate various nonverbal communications and let
the class decide what is being communicated.
Solving Problems and Critical Thinking
A. Diagnosis
Hint: Provide several puzzles or riddles to allow the students to test their
critical thinking skills.
Professionalism
A. Coping with Change
Interpersonal Relationships
A. Customer Relations
Hint: Invite a receptionist or a similar professional to talk to the students
about telephone etiquette and customer relations.
Repair Orders
A. Guidelines for Estimating Repair Costs
Hint: Show examples of properly and improperly completed work orders.
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Workplace Skills
3. Flat rate means that each technician is paid according to the amount of work produced. Each job has a flat rate time, and the technician is paid for that amount of time
regardless of how long it takes to complete the task. The flat rate system rewards the
most productive technicians, while providing for more accurate repair estimates.
4. Your cover letter should include three paragraphs. The first should describe your
interest in working for this employer and the position you are seeking. The second
paragraph is used to sell yourself, and the third is used as a closing by thanking the
employer and requesting an interview.
5. True. A repair order protects the rights of both the shop and the customer.
6. b. Do not list all of the jobs you have ever had. List and emphasize only the things
that relate to the job you are seeking.
7. c. A responsible person does not attempt to avoid the consequences of his mistakes
or share the blame with others.
8. False. The best way to quit a job is to write a letter of resignation and present it personally to the employer.
9. False. The application should be filled out completely. Answer every question. Write
N/A if a question does not apply to you.
10. c. Never answer questions with a simple yes or no.
11. c. A good employee should be reliable, responsible, and loyal. Being sociable can be
a good characteristic, but should not interfere with productivity.
12. a. After an interview you should reflect on what took place in order to do better next
time. A letter of thanks should be sent to the employer within three days after the
interview, not within two weeks as stated by Applicant B.
13. c. You should not only look at people while they are speaking to you, but also listen
carefully and try to fully comprehend the message.
14. b. Try to fully comprehend messages by asking questions and gathering details. Folding your arms is a nonverbal communication indicating rejection of the message.
15. a. Soft skills are personal skills that are part of your personality and are used while
relating to other people. Enjoyment of solving puzzles or problems is a technical skill
rather than a personal skill.
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Chapter 2
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3
WORKING SAFELY
IN THE SHOP
CHAPTER OVERVIEW
This chapter discusses shop safety in detail. The topics range from clothing and eye protection to handling tools, vehicle handling in the shop, and handling hazardous waste. The
instructor might want to refer to this chapter for review when discussing safety issues in
later chapters.
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
Understand the importance of safety and accident prevention in an automotive shop.
Explain the basic principles of personal safety, including protective eye wear,
clothing, gloves, shoes, and hearing protection.
Explain the procedures and precautions for safely using tools and equipment.
Explain the precautions that need to be followed to safely raise a vehicle on a lift.
Explain what should be done to maintain a safe working area in a shop, including
running the engines of vehicles in the shop and venting the exhaust gases.
Describe the purpose of the laws concerning hazardous wastes and materials,
including the right-to-know laws.
Describe your rights, as an employee and/or student, to have a safe place to work.
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Chapter 3
II.
III.
IV.
V.
B. Professional Behavior
Hint: Invite the students to tell about persons they are acquainted with who
have had work-related injuries.
Tool and Equipment Safety
A. Hand Tool Safety
B. Power Tool Safety
C. Compressed Air Equipment Safety
D. Lift Safety
E. Jack and Jack Stand Safety
F. Chain Hoist and Crane Safety
G. Cleaning Equipment Safety
1. Chemical Cleaning
2. Thermal Cleaning
3. Abrasive Cleaning
H. Vehicle Operation
Hint: Show the students various items of equipment in the shop and explain
the safety concerns related to each.
Work Area Safety
A. Fire Extinguishers
Hint: Show where the fire extinguishers are located and tell how they should
be operated.
Manufacturers Warnings and Government Regulations
A. Chemical Hazards
B. Hazardous Wastes
C. Physical Hazards
D. Ergonomic Hazards
E. OSHA
F. Right-To-Know Law
Hazardous Materials
Hint: Show the MSDS sheets and the substances they apply to in your work area.
A. Guidelines for Handling Shop Wastes
1. 0.1
2. Oil Filters
3. Batteries
4. Metal Residue from Machining
5. Refrigerants
6. Solvents
7. Containers
8. Other Solids
9. Liquid Recycling
10. Shop Towels/Rags
11. Hiring a Hauler
12. Waste Storage
Hint: Show the students where in their work areas these items are to be
disposed of.
B. Asbestos
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Chapter 3
Show where the emergency phone numbers are located and describe accident
reporting procedures.
Walk through the lab with each student listing safety concerns they find such as
tripping hazards, spills, and so on. Compare their lists and lead a discussion of each
persons responsibility to maintain a safe work area.
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4
AUTOMOTIVE SYSTEMS AND
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE
CHAPTER OVERVIEW
This chapter discusses significant automotive features and design revolution. The latest,
most progressive changes are emphasized. The basic automobile systems covered in later
chapters are introduced.
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
Explain the major events that have influenced the development of the automobile
during the last 35 years.
Explain the difference between unitized and body-over-frame vehicles.
Describe the manufacturing process used in a modern automated automobile
assembly plant.
List the basic systems that make up an automobile and name their major
components and functions.
Explain the importance of preventive maintenance, and list six examples of typical
preventive maintenance.
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Chapter 4
V. Technological Advances
A. Computers
B. Hybrids
C. Fuel Cells
VI. The Basic Engine
A. Cylinder Block
B. Cylinder Head
1. Combustion Chamber
2. Ports
C. Piston
D. Connecting Rods and Crankshaft
E. Valve Train
F. Manifolds
1. Intake manifold
2. Exhaust Manifold
VII. Engine Systems
A. Lubrication System
1. Oil Pan
2. Oil Pump
B. Cooling System
1. Water Pump
2. Water Jackets
3. Radiator
4. Pressure Cap
5. Thermostat
C. Fuel and Air System
D. Emission Control System
1. Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV) System
2. Evaporative Emission Control System
3. Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) System
4. Catalytic Converter
5. Air Injection System
E. Exhaust System
VIII. Electrical and Electronic Systems
A. Ignition System
B. Starting and Charging Systems
C. Electronic Engine Controls
D. On-Board Diagnostics
IX. Drivetrain
A. Clutch
B. Manual Transmission
C. Automatic Transmission
D. Driveline
E. Differential
F. Driving Axles
G. Transaxle
H. Four-Wheel-Drive System
X. Running Gear
A. Suspension System
1. Springs
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2. Torsion Bars
3. Shock Absorbers
B. Steering System
C. Brakes
D. Wheels and Tires
XI. Vehicle Identification
Hint: Display a sample VIN. Show and explain which characters are needed by
the technician to identify the vehicle.
XII. Preventive Maintenance
Hint: Show or give examples of vehicles with very high mileage whose owners
have practiced good maintenance.
A. Typical PM Services
1. Engine Oil
2. Cooling System
3. Drive Belts
4. Battery
5. Transmission Fluid
6. Power-Steering Fluid
7. Brake Fluid
8. Windshield Washer Fluid
9. Windshield Wipers
10. Tires
B. Additional PM Checks
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Chapter 4
15. b. The exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system introduces exhaust gasses into the
intake manifold in order to reduce NOx emissions.
16. c. An alternator is an AC generator, so both technicians are correct.
17. d. Neither technician is correct. Transaxles are most commonly used to drive the
front wheels of FWD vehicles.
18. a. The differential is part of the drivetrain.
19. c. The engine oil level should be checked most frequently.
20. c. Both technicians are correct. Tires have tread wear indicator bars, and a tread
depth gauge is used to check tire tread wear.
TECH MANUAL
The following procedure is included in Chapter 4 of the Tech Manual:
1. Basic preventive maintenance inspection.
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5
HAND TOOLS AND
SHOP EQUIPMENT
CHAPTER OVERVIEW
This chapter presents some of the more commonly used hand and power tools with which
every technician must be familiar. Because units of measurement play such an important
part in tool selection and in diagnosing automotive problems, this chapter begins with a
presentation of measuring systems. Prior to the discussion on tools, there is a discussion
on another topic that relates very much to measuring systemsfasteners.
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
List the basic units of measurement for length, volume, and mass in the two
measuring systems.
Describe the different types of fasteners used in the automotive industry.
List the various mechanical measuring tools used in the automotive shop.
Describe the proper procedure for measuring with a micrometer.
List some of the hand tools used in auto repair.
List the common types of shop equipment and state their purpose.
Describe the use of common pneumatic, electrical, and hydraulic power tools found
in the automotive service department.
Describe the different sources for service information that are available to the
technician.
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Chapter 5
II. Fasteners
A. Bolt Identification
B. Tightening Bolts
C. Washers
D. Thread Lubricants and Sealants
E. Screw Pitch Gauge
F. Taps and Dies
G. Threaded Inserts
1. Spark Plug Thread Repair
Hint: Show examples of SAE and metric bolt and nut classifications and
how to correctly identify them. Compare grade strengths and discuss the
differences in torque and holding power. Show an example of a bolt with
stretched threads.
III. Measuring Tools
A. Machinists Rule
B. Vernier Caliper
C. Dial Caliper
D. Micrometers
1. Reading a Metric Outside Micrometer
2. Using an Outside Micrometer
3. Reading an Inside Micrometer
4. Reading a Depth Micrometer
E. Telescoping Gauge
F. Small Hole Gauge
G. Feeler Gauge
H. Straightedge
I. Dial Indicator
IV. Hand Tools
A. Wrenches
1. Open-End Wrench
2. Box-End Wrench
3. Combination Wrench
4. Flare Nut (Line) Wrenches
5. Allen Wrench
6. Adjustable-End Wrench
B. Sockets and Ratchets
1. Special Sockets
2. Extensions
3. Socket Adapters
C. Torque Wrenches
D. Screwdrivers
1. Standard Tip
2. Phillips
3. Pozidriv
4. Reed and Prince
E. Impact Screwdriver
F. Pliers
1. Combination
2. Adjustable
3. Locking (vise grips)
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V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
19
4. Diagonal Cutting
5. Snap or Lock Ring
6. Retaining Ring
G. Hammers
H. Chisels and Punches
I. Removers
1. Extractors
J. Hacksaws
K. Files
L. Gear and Bearing Puller
1. Bushing and Seal Puller and Drivers
M. Trouble Light
Shop Equipment
A. Bench Vises
B. Bench Grinder
C. Presses
D. Grease Guns
Power Tools
A. Impact Wrench
B. Air Ratchet
C. Air Drill
D. Blowgun
Jacks and Lifts
A. Floor Jack
B. Lift
C. Portable Crane
D. Engine Stands/Benches
Service Information
A. Auto Manufacturers Service Manuals
B. General and Specialty Repair Manuals
C. Finding Information in Service Manuals
D. Aftermarket Suppliers Guides and Catalogs
E. Lubrication Guides
F. Owners Manuals
G. Flat-Rate Manuals
H. Computer-Based Information
I. Hotline Services
J. iATN
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Chapter 5
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Service bulletins are used to update service information throughout the year.
b. A box-end wrench is not likely to slip off a bolt or a nut.
c. Both technicians are right.
d. Neither technician is right. A tap is used to cut internal threads, and a die is used
to cut external threads.
c. A Pozidriv screwdriver is similar to a Phillips, but flatter and blunter.
b. Needle nose pliers are best for grasping small parts.
c. Both technicians are correct. Punches may be used for both purposes.
d. An extractor is used to remove broken bolts.
b. Parts with a press fit should not have any relative motion between them.
a. Use a blowgun to blow off parts during cleaning, but never direct it toward a
person.
a. Flare nut wrenches are used for brake line and tubing fittings. Open-end wrenches do not have as many points of contact as a flare nut wrench, and therefore would
not provide as positive a grip on the fitting.
c. Both technicians are right. A dial caliper may be used for inside, outside, and depth
measurements.
d. Neither technician is right. A machinist rule is marked in 1/8 (3.18 mm), 1/16
(1.59 mm), 1/32 (.79 mm), or 1/64 (.40 mm), increments. Most micrometers are
designed to measure objects with 0.001 (one-thousandth) of an inch accuracy. To measure an object with an accuracy of one ten-thousandth of an inch, a special micrometer is needed.
c. Both technicians are correct. Floor jacks may be either hand operated, hydraulic
powered, or use compressed air.
d. Neither technician is correct. Metric and SAE wrenches are not interchangeable.
a. Impact sockets and adapters should be used with an air impact wrench.
TECH MANUAL
The following procedures are included in Chapter 5 of the Tech Manual:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
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6
DIAGNOSTIC EQUIPMENT
AND SPECIAL TOOLS
CHAPTER OVERVIEW
This chapter describes the diagnostic equipment and special tools used by technicians to
diagnose and service various automotive systems. Diagnostic equipment is used to test the
performance of a system, and special tools designed for a particular purpose are used to
make the necessary repairs.
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
Describe the various diagnostic tools used to check an engine and its related
systems.
Describe the common tools used to service an engine and its related systems.
Describe the various diagnostic tools used to check electrical and electronic
systems.
Describe the common tools used to service electrical and electronic systems.
Describe the various diagnostic tools used to check a vehicles drivetrain.
Describe the common tools used to service a vehicles drivetrain.
Describe the various diagnostic tools used to check a vehicles running gear for
wear and damage.
Describe the common tools used to service a vehicles running gear.
Describe the various diagnostic tools used to check a vehicles heating and airconditioning system.
Describe the common tools used to service a vehicles heating and air-conditioning
system.
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Chapter 6
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
R. Pyrometers
S. Spark Plug Sockets
T. Exhaust Analyzers
Transmission and Driveline Tools
A. Transaxle Removal and Installation Equipment
B. Transmission/Transaxle Holding Fixtures
C. Transmission Jack
D. Axle Pullers
E. Special Tool Sets
F. Clutch Alignment Tool
G. Clutch Pilot Bearing/Bushing Puller/Installer
H. Universal Joint Tools
I. Drive Shaft Angle Gauge
J. Hydraulic Pressure Gauge Set
Suspension and Steering Tools
A. Tire Tread Depth Gauge
B. Power-Steering Pressure Gauge
C. Control Arm Bushing Tools
D. Tie-Rod End and Ball Joint Puller
E. Front Bearing Hub Tool
F. Pitman Arm Puller
G. Tie-Rod Sleeve-Adjusting Tool
H. Steering Column Special Tool Set
I. Shock Absorber Tools
J. Spring/Strut Compressor Tool
K. Power-Steering Pump Pulley Special Tool Set
L. Brake Pedal Depressor
M. Wheel Alignment EquipmentFour Wheel
N. Tire Changer
O. Wheel BalancerElectronic Type
P. Wheel Weight Pliers
Brake System Tools
A. Cleaning Equipment and Containment Systems
B. Hold-down Spring and Return Spring Tools
C. Boot Drivers, Rings, and Pliers
D. Caliper Piston Removal Tools
E. Drum Brake Adjusting Tools
F. Brake Cylinder Hones
G. Tubing Tools
H. Brake Disc Micrometer
I. Drum Micrometer
J. Brake Shoe Adjusting Gauge (Calipers)
K. Brake Lathes
L. Bleeder Screw Wrenches
M. Pressure Bleeders
Heating and Air-Conditioning Tools
A. Manifold Gauge Set
B. Service Port Adapter Set
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C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
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Chapter 6
TECH MANUAL
The following procedures are included in Chapter 6 of the Tech Manual:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
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7
BASIC THEORIES AND MATH
CHAPTER OVERVIEW
This chapter introduces many of the principles taught in other courses in order to help the
student become more employable and successful as a technician. These principles are covered again in greater detail according to the topic. A thorough understanding of this chapter is recommended to prepare the student for further instruction.
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
Describe how all matter exists.
Explain what energy is and how energy is converted.
Calculate the volume of a cylinder.
Explain the forces that influence the design and operation of an automobile.
Describe and apply Newtons laws of motion to an automobile.
Define friction and describe how it can be minimized.
Describe the various types of simple machines.
Explain the difference between torque and horsepower.
Differentiate between a vibration and a sound.
Explain Pascals law and give an example of how it applies to an automobile.
Explain the behavior of gases.
Explain how heat affects matter.
Describe what is meant by the chemical properties of a substance.
Explain the difference between oxidation and reduction.
Describe the origin and practical applications of electromagnetism.
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Chapter 7
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
B. States of Matter
1. Absorption and Adsorption
Energy
A. Kinetic and Potential Energy
1. Chemical Energy
2. Electrical Energy
3. Mechanical Energy
4. Thermal Energy
5. Radiant Energy
6. Nuclear Energy
Hint: Give examples of the various forms of energy.
B. Energy Conversion
1. Chemical to Thermal Energy
2. Chemical to Electrical Energy
3. Electrical to Mechanical Energy
4. Thermal to Mechanical Energy
5. Mechanical to Electrical Energy
6. Electrical to Radiant Energy
Hint: Give examples of energy conversions in an automobile.
C. Mass and Weight
1. Mass
2. Weight
D. Size
Volume
A. Ratios
B. Proportions
Force
A. Automotive Forces
1. Balanced and Unbalanced Force
2. Turning Forces
B. Forces on Tires and Wheels
C. Centrifugal/Centripetal Forces
D. Wheel and Tire Balance
E. Pressure
Time
Motion
A. Rates
B. Newtons Laws of Motion
C. Friction
1. Lubrication
2. Rollers
D. Air Resistance
1. Aerodynamics
Work
A. Simple Machines
1. Inclined Plane
2. Pulleys
3. Levers
4. Gears
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VIII.
IX.
X.
XI.
XII.
XIII.
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Chapter 7
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18. d. Neither technician is correct. Mass is the amount of matter in an object. Weight is
measured in pounds or kilograms.
19. d. If a 50-pound object is moved 10 feet, 500 ft.-lb of work are produced.
20. a. Thermal energy is heat; light is not one of the six forms of available energy.
TECH MANUAL
The following procedures are included in Chapter 7 of the Tech Manual:
1.
2.
3.
4.