ELECTION LAWS

Part I
ELECTIVE OFFICIALS
Election, defined.
Election, defined under jurisprudence.
Taule v Santos, 200 SCRA 512, 519 (1991)
Election, defined within the context of the
Constitution.
Javier v Comelec, G.R. No. L-68379-81, Sept. 22, 1986
Election, purpose.
Lino Luna v Rodriguez, 39 Phil. 208, 1918
Election laws, purpose.
Rulloda v Comelec, G.R. No. 154198, January 20, 2003
Election, classified.
Regular election.
SK election is not a regular election.
Paras v Comelec, 264 SCRA 49 (1996)
Special election.
Special election after failure of election.
Lucero v Comelec, 234 SCRA 280 (1994)
Systems of election.
Manual system of election.
B.P. 881 or the Omnibus Election Code
Automated system of election.
R.A. 8436 as amended by
R.A. 9369
Manual count during automated election.
R.A. 8436
Section 9
R.A. 9369
Section 11
Loong v Comelec, 305 SCRA 832 (1999)
Constitutional basis for election.
1987 Constitution
Article II, Section 1
Elective officials, enumerated.
1987 Constitution
Article VII, Sections 1 & 3
Article VI, Section 2 & 5(1) & (2)
Article X, Sections 1, 15, 18 & 19
R.A. 6734 or the Organic Act for ARMM
as amended by R.A. 9054
R.A. 6766 or the Organic Act for CAR
Ordillo v Comelec, 192 SCRA 100 (1992)
Local Government Code of 1991
Section 39
Comelec Resolution, number of councilors
President, how elected, term of office and term limit.

2
1987 Constitution
Article VII, Section 4(1)
Presidential term limit.
Comelec Resolution, Jan. 20, 2010, 2nd Division
Pormento v Estrada, G.R. No. 191988, August 31, 2010
Difference of effects of succession on term limit
between the Vice President and Vice-Mayor
Borja v Comelec, G.R. No. 133495, Sept. 3, 1998
President, qualifications.
1987 Constitution
Article VII, Section 2
Article IV, Section 1(3) & 2
Natural-born Filipino, defined.
Fornier v Comelec, G.R. No. 161824, March 3, 2004
Residence, defined.
Marcos v Comelec, G.R. No. 119976, Sept. 18, 1995
Domino v Comelec, 310 SCRA 546 (1999)
Residence requirement, rationale.
Torayna v Comelec, 337 SCRA 574
Vice-President, how elected, term of office and term limit.
1987 Constitution
Article VII, Section 4
President and Vice-President, basis for proclamation.
1987 Constitution
Article VII, Section 4(5)
Article IX, Section 6
Winner, defined.
Rulloda v Comelec, G.R. No. 154198, January 20, 2003
Presidential and vice-presidential tie, how broken.
1987 Constitution
Article VII, Section 4(5)
Presidential succession, in case of vacancy at the start of
term.
1987 Constitution
Article VII, Section 7
Presidential succession, in case of vacancy on mid-term.
1987 Constitution
Article VII, Section 8
Permanent disability of the President.
1987 Constitution
Article VII, Section 11
Estrada v Desierto, G.R. No. 146710-15, March 2, 2001
Resignation of the President.
Estrada v Desierto, G.R. No. 146710-15, March 2, 2001
Vacancy in the office of the Vice-President, how filled.
1987 Constitution
Article VII, Section 9

3
Estrada v Desierto, G.R. No. 146710-15, March 2, 2001.
Vacancy in both the presidency and vice-presidency,
how filled.
1987 Constitution
Article VII, Section 10
Article VI, Section 25(4)
Senators, number, how elected, term of office & term limit.
1987 Constitution
Article VI, Section 2
Article XVIII, Section 2(1) & 2
Tolentino v Comelec, G.R. No. 148334, January 21, 2004
Article VI, Section 4
Senator, qualifications.
1987 Constitution
Article VI, Section 3
Pimentel v Comelec, G.R. No. 161658, November 3, 2008
Members of the House of Representatives, number, how
elected, term of office and term limit.
1987 Constitution
Article VI, Section 5(1), (2) & (4), Section 7
Number of party-list.
Veterans Federation Party v Comelec, 342 SCRA 244
BANAT v Comelec, G.R. No. 179271, July 8, 2009, Bayan
Muna v Comelec, G.R. No. 179295, April 21, 2009

Three-term limit.
Purpose of term limit.
Borja v Comelec, G.R. No. 133495, September 3, 1998
Illustrations of term limit.
Aldovino v Comelec, 184836, December 23, 2009
Abundo v Comelec, GR No. 201716, January 8, 2013
Members of the House of Representatives, qualifications.
1987 Constitution
Article VI, Section 1
Party-List Representatives or Nominees, qualifications.
1987 Constitution
Article VI, Section 5(2)
Article IX(C), Section 8
R.A. 7941
Sections 2 & 9
Bagong Bayani-OFW v Comelec, GR No. 147589
June 26, 2001
BANAT v Comelec, G.R. No. 179271, July 8, 2009,
Bayan Muna v Comelec, G.R. No. 179295,
April 21, 2009
Atong Paglaum v COMELEC, G.R. No. 203766,
April 2, 2013
Sectors to be represented by party-list, enumerated.
1987 Constitution

4
Article VI, Section 5(2)
R.A. 7941
Section 5
Sectors to be represented by party-list, classified.
Atong Paglaum v COMELEC, G.R. No. 203766, Apr. 2, 2013
Nature of constitutional & statutory enumeration of
sectors.
Ang Ladlad v Comelec, G.R. No. 190582, April 8, 2010
Nature of list of nominees.
BA-RA 7941 v Comelec, G.R. No. 177271, May 4, 2007
Vacancy in the Senate or House of Representatives,
how filled.
1987 Constitution
Article VI, Section 9
R.A. 6645
Sections 1 & 2
R.A. 7166
Section 4
Tolentino v Comelec, G.R. No. 148334, January 21, 2004
Elective local officials, term of office & term limit.
1987 Constitution
Article X, Section 8
Local Government Code of 1991
Section 43
David v Comelec, G.R. No. 127116, April 8, 1997
Elective local officials, qualifications.
Local Government Code of 1991
Sections 39 & 40
R.A. 9164
Section 7
Frivaldo v Comelec, 257 SCRA 727 (1996)
Labo v Comelec, 176 SCRA 1 (1989)
Elective local officials, disqualifications.
Local Government Code of 1991
Section 40
Dual citizenship.
1987 Constitution
Article IV, Section 5
Local Government Code of 1991
Section 40(d)
R.A. 9225
Valles v Comelec, G.R. No. 137000, August 9, 2000
Mercado v Manzano, 307 SCRA 630 (1999)
Labo v Comelec, 176 SCRA 1 (1989)
Roseller de Guzman v Comelec, G.R. No. 180048,
June 19, 2009
Teodora Sobejana-Condon v Comelec, G.R. No. 198742,
August 10, 2012
Macquiling v Comelec, G.R. No. 195649, April 16, 2013,
Motion for Reconsideration, July 2, 2013

5
Fugitives from justice.
Marquez v Comelec, 243 SCRA 538
Permanent residents in foreign country.
Caasi v CA, 191 SCRA 229
Omnibus Election Code
Sections 12 & 68
Date of election.
1987 Constitution
Article XVIII, Sections 1, 5
Local Government Code
Section 42
R.A. 7166
Sections 1 & 2
R.A. 9164
Section 1
Adjustment of period of pre-election requirements.
R.A. 8436
Section 28
Akbayan v Comelec, G.R. No. 147066, March 26, 2001
Nature of Barangay elections.
Omnibus Election Code
Section 38
Occena v Comelec, 127 SCRA 404 (1984)
Postponement of election, grounds.
Omnibus Election Code
Section 5
R.A. 7166
Section 4
R.A. 6679
Section 2
Dimaporo v Comelec, G.R. No. 152295, July 9, 2002
Postponement of election, jurisdiction.
Benito v Comelec, G.R. No. 134913, January 19, 2001
Sumbing v Davide, G.R. No. 86850 July 20, 1989
Basher v Comelec, 330 SCRA 736
Failure of election, grounds.
Omnibus Election Code
Section 6
R.A. 7166
Section 4
Declaration of failure of election, jurisdiction.
Benito v Comelec, G.R. No. 134913, January 19, 2001
Loong v Comelec, G.R. No. 133676, April 14, 1999
Carlos v Angeles, 346 SCRA 571 (2000)
Failure of election, grounds.
Mitmug v. Commission on Elections, G.R. Nos.
106270-73, 10 February 1994, 230 SCRA 54
Canicosa v Comelec, 282 SCRA 512
Batabor v Comelec, G.R. No. 160428, July 21, 2004
Sardea v Comelec, 225 SCRA 374

6
Special election.
1987 Constitution
Article VI, Section 9
Omnibus Election Code
Section 7
R.A. 7166
Section 4
Fixing date of special election.
Pangandaman v Comelec, 319 SCRA 283
Notice of special election.
Hassan v Comelec, 264 SCRA 125
Special election after failure of election.
Omnibus Election Code
Section 6
R.A. 7166
Section 4
Requisites for special election after failure of
election.
Lucero v Comelec, 234 SCRA 280 (1994)
Calling of special election, jurisdiction.
Benito v Comelec, G.R. No. 134913, January 19, 2001