Clive Staples Lewis (29 November 1898 22 November 1963), commonly called C. S.

. Lewis and known to his friends and family as "Jack",

was a novelist, poet, academic, medievalist, literary critic, essayist, lay theologian, and Christian apologist. Born in Belfast, Ireland, he held
academic positions at both Oxford University (Magdalen College), 192554, and Cambridge University (Magdalene College), 195463. He is best
known both for his fictional work, especially The Screwtape Letters, The Chronicles of Narnia, and The Space Trilogy, and for his non-fiction
Christian apologetics, such as Mere Christianity, Miracles, and The Problem of Pain.
Lewis and fellow novelist J. R. R. Tolkien were close friends. Both authors served on the English faculty at Oxford University, and both were
active in the informal Oxford literary group known as the "Inklings". According to his memoir Surprised by Joy, Lewis had been baptized in
the Church of Ireland (part of the Anglican Communion) at birth, but fell away from his faith during his adolescence. Owing to the influence of
Tolkien and other friends, at the age of 32 Lewis returned to the Anglican Communion, becoming "a very ordinary layman of the Church of
England".[1] His faith had a profound effect on his work, and his wartime radio broadcasts on the subject of Christianity brought him wide acclaim.
In 1956, he married the American writer Joy Davidman, 17 years his junior, who died four years later of cancer at the age of 45. Lewis died three
years after his wife, from renal failure, one week before his 65th birthday. Media coverage of his death was minimal; he died on 22 November
1963the same day that U.S. President John F. Kennedy was assassinated and that another famous author, Aldous Huxley, died. In 2013, on
the 50th anniversary of his death, Lewis was honoured with a memorial in Poets' Corner in Westminster Abbey.
Jadis is the main antagonist of The Magician's Nephew and of The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe in C.S. Lewis's series, The Chronicles of
Narnia. She is commonly referred to as the White Witch in The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, as she is the Witch who froze Narnia in the
Hundred Years Winter.
Some recent editions of the books include brief notes, added by later editors, that describe the cast of characters. As Lewis scholar Peter Schakel
points out, the description there of Jadis and the Queen of Underland (the main antagonist of The Silver Chair) "states incorrectly that the Queen
of Underland is an embodiment of Jadis".[1] Beyond characterising the two as "Northern Witches", Lewis's text does not connect them. (See Lady
of the Green Kirtle for further discussion.) In The Magician's Nephew, Jadis is revealed as a native of Charn, a city in an entirely different world
from Narnia. She was the last of a long line of kings and queens, who began well but grew evil over many generations and conquered the entire
world of Charn. Jadis, a powerful sorceress, fought a bloody war of rebellion against her sister. On the point of defeat, Jadis chose not to submit,
but spoke instead the Deplorable Word that destroyed all life on Charn except her own. She then cast a spell of enchanted sleep upon herself, to
await someone who could rescue her from Charn. Digory Kirke and Polly Plummer arrive in Charn through Digory's uncle's magic, and find the
bell that Jadis left to break the spell. Despite Polly's warning not to ring the bell, Digory does so. Jadis is awakened and by holding on to them is
transported with them back to Edwardian London. She initially aims to conquer the world to which she is transported,but finds that her magic does
not work in Edwardian London on Earth. Digory, seeking to correct his mistake, attempts to transport her back to Charn, but they end up instead
in the world of Narnia at the moment of its creation. Jadis immediately starts scheming to become the mistress of this new world. She eats the
Fruit of Everlasting Life, acquiring immortality and her white-coloured skin. She then travels to the North to develop her magic anew, becoming
the first of the "Northern Witches".Jadis immediately starts scheming to become the mistress of the new world