5 langkah menulis latar belakang kajian yang mantap

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Background of study
1. Sejarah ringkas
2. Perkenal gap
3. Perkenal argument
4. Perkenal support / proposes solution / focus kajian
5. Kenapa kajian anda penting utk dijalankan
Kalau bagi 5 langkah ini tentu tak lengkap tanpa disertakan contoh utk lebih faham. Jadi
berikut adalah contoh simple jer yang aku sertakan......
Working Title: Development of computer animation in chemistry using constructivist
approach
1.1 Backgorund of study
1 Sejarah ringkas
Perkenalkan sedikit sejarah area of investigation kajian ko in general. Bagi contoh
tajuk di atas, kajian adalah berkaitan teaching and learning in science education. Tulis
ikut urutan event bagi kajian anda.
Malaysia has given a high priority to educational development since independence in
1957. The emphasis on science education started in 1960 in response to reports by the
Education Review Committee which called for explicit commitment to improve the
quality of science education (citation). In the 1960s, General Science was taught as a
compulsory subject at the lower secondary level. Since then, science education in
Malaysia has undergone several changes and innovations.
Then in 1969, the MOE through the Curriculum Development Centre adapted the
Scottish Integrated Science Syllabus for lower secondary school science (Form I, II and
III) to replace the existing General Science subject.
Subsequently, in 1972, the newly-formed Curriculum Development Centre (CDC),
introduced new science subjects for Forms IV and V - Modern Physics, Chemistry and
Biology which were derived from Nuffield Science materials from England. For upper
secondary non-science stream students, the Modern Science subject was introduced in
1974, derived from Nuffield Secondary Science (citation).
2 Perkenal gap
Tulis mengenai senario situasi semasa berkaitan isu yang dikaji dgn memperkenalkan
gap dalam teaching and learning in science education. Gap disini adalah situasi
semasa aplikasi teaching and learning in science education yang tertumpu hanya
kepada dgn pendekatan guided-inquiry melalui experimen sahaja.
The teaching and learning strategies for science subjects which utilized guided-inquiry
continued with the implementation of the New Integrated Secondary School Curriculum
in 1989, which stressed the development of scientific skills through guided-inquiry

activities where students are actively involved in solving and discovering scientific
phenomena through investigation (citation).
Therefore in daily practice, guided-inquiry is implemented mostly for doing experiment
where the teacher provides the materials and problem for the students to investigate,
emphasizing the scientific process skills such as observation and data collection (this is
the gap - problem that need to be studied)
3 Perkenal argument dalam gap
Masalahnya adalah teaching and learning in science education dgn guided-inquiry
melalui eksperimen di makmal tidak memadai .... maka timbul argument utk
memperbaiki keadaan dgn memperkenalkan constructivist learning theory
dalampengajaran dan pembelajaran.
Realizing that learning science is more than acquiring science process skills through
guided-inquiry activities, it is about time to implement the constructivist learning theory,
to highlight the importance of students active engagement in constructing personal
meaning of the subject matter.
As stressed by author (year), constructivist learning gives emphasis to an active search
for meaning and understanding by individual students where they construct deep
understanding through social activities and interaction with others. This approach takes
into consideration students prior knowledge, beliefs and attitudes as well as
encourages discussion in order to help them acquire new concepts (citation)
4. Perkenalkan support / proposes solution / focus kajian anda
Perkenal kajian anda untuk mengatasi masalah dalam gap. Fokus kajian ada adalah
menguji keberkesanan animasi mengunakan constructivist approach for teaching and
learning chemistry.
In the Malaysian educational system, chemistry is taught as one of the core single
subjects and reemphasized at the post secondary level. Basically, it is relatively easy for
students to discover simple basic concepts in chemistry through the guided-inquiry
approach . An important issue here is how students can understand chemistry concepts
because they possess different levels of abstractness (citation).
Therefore, instead of relying the scientific skills through guided-inquiry activities as
practised by most chemistry teachers, the focus of this study is to investigate the
effectiveness using animation based on the constructivist approach to teaching and
learning chemistry.
5. Kenapa kajian anda penting utk dijalankan
Dibahagian akhir inilah anda simpulkan betapa pentingnya kajian yang akan anda
jalankan..
While computer technologies have the potential to be integrated with the constructivist
derived approaches, they also place specific demands on teachers to choose or
develop the appropriate computer presentations that facilitate a students own
understanding through activities and interaction during science classes. For this

proposed, research is needed to investigate how to integrate the latest computer

technologies within a constructivist mode consistent with the objectives of chemistry
education in Malaysia. This is the intention of this study; to design an animation aided
constructivist approach to instruction and to test its implementation in the Malaysian
context.
Moga menjadi panduan utk di share bersama.... wpun mungkin ada nature kajian2 lain
yang berbeza approachnya....
OT