Professional Documents
Culture Documents
3/22/2011
Purpose
Recognize the importance
of proper air distribution selection
in laboratory designs
Agenda
Defining the Problem
Lab Types
Design Parameters
Possible Solutions
Types of Air Outlets
Example
Room Dims 10Wx20Lx10H = 2000 ft3
@ 10ACH = 333 CFM or 1.6 CFM/ft2
ACH = CFM * 60 / Room Volume
High Count
Low Count
Optimize Air
Change Effectiveness
Efficiency of
Dilution
Speed of
Extraction
Decrease
Age of Air
Improve
Operational
Efficiency
Environmental
Dust
Pollen
Mold
Copiers
Ammonia
Benzaldehyde
Benzene
Isopropanol
Combustion Products
Paints
Acetates
Alcohol
Alkanes
Benzenes
Computer
Butanol
Butanole
Butoxyethanol
Ozone
Phosphoric Acid
Tolune
Occupants
CO2
Floor Coverings
Formaldehyde
Acetates
Styrenes
Xylenes
First Cost
Future
Flexibility
Constant Volume
Low
Low
2 Position
Med
$$
Low
Direct Pressure
High
$$$
High
Flow Tracking
High
$$
High
High
$$$
High
Safety
VAV Systems
Possible Solutions
PLQ-R
1400
Prism
Prism
Turbulence in space
Fume Hood Face Velocity Disturbance
No Occupant comfort
Operational Efficiency is Sacrificed
Results in higher ACR to reduce particle counts
Non Uniform SpaceTemperature
Operational Efficiency
ACE vs. ACR improved
Occupant comfort
Uniform Temperatures
Improved Acoustics
Displacement
Parameters:
41x41x9 Room
32 ACH
20F T
Results:
After 4 min.
207% ACE
difference
Laminar, 800CFM/Diffuser
low efficiency
CFM/Diffuser High
efficiency
TAD-800CFM/diffuser
Mock-Up
Test Problem: Determine the rate of decay in an animal
holding room
- (Qty=2)
17:40 min to
reach Class
100,000
13:45 min to
reach Class
100,000
29%, ACE
improvement
Mock-Up
Test Problem: Determine the most efficient room layout
and exhaust location in a animal holding room mock up
Class 20,000
17%, ACE
improvement
over ceiling
located exhaust
Effective Solutions
Effective Solutions
Intrusive Radial flow
Performance Matters
Notice Jets
Competition photo
published in ASHRAE
magazine
A Change of Heart
What is needed is a one pass then out system that was sensible,
safe, efficient and economical
13 tests
2 hospitals
8 surgeries
Summary
The path to clean OR air has not always been clear
Early pioneering efforts did not provide complete
solutions
Assumptions not based on microbe counts have
proven wrong
There is such a thing as a harmful approach
There are solutions based on counting microbes
Air distribution must be part of a complete approach
As surgery advances, we must advance with it
Not all manufacturers may be qualified
Cleanroom Overview
Market Characteristics
- Size: $200M Worldwide NA $50M
- A few companies competing for the larger jobs
- Focus on traditional HEPA/ULPA products
Trends
- Regulations: ISO, SEMI, IEST, UL, CE, FM
- NanoTechnology will be the next driver in the US
market.
- New greenfield projects are down in US. Retrofit
projects are more common.
Other = $5 M
10%
40%
MiniEnv. = $5 M
10%
40%
Technology Overview
Pre-Filter
Straining
HEPA Filter
Clean Air
Impingement
Interception
Diffusion
Brownian Effect
RETURN AIR
AHU
TERMINAL FILTER
RETURN AIR
CEILING GRID
HEPA/ULPA
FILTER
CLEANROOM CLASSIFICATIONS
ENGLISH
SI
1
M1.5
10
M2.5
100
M3.5
1000
M4.5
M5.5
10,000
HOLLOW
RETURN
WALL
PERFORATED
RAISED
FLOOR
Pressurized Plenum
AHU
SUPPLY AIR
HEPA/ULPA
PANEL FILTER
RETURN AIR
CEILING GRID
WALL
CLEANROOM CLASSIFICATIONS
ENGLISH
SI
1
M1.5
10
M2.5
100
M3.5
1000
M4.5
10,000
M5.5
AHU
HEPA/ULPA
FILTER
CLEANROOM CLASSIFICATIONS
ENGLISH
SI
1
M1.5
10
M2.5
100
M3.5
1000
M4.5
10,000
M5.5
HOLLOW
RETURN
WALL
PERFORATED
RAISED
FLOOR
Options
Room-Side Replaceable
(ARS)
ULPA Filter
Airflow Indicator Light
A/C Collar (10 & 12 in dia.)
Painted or Stainless Steel
Exterior
Power Cord
Challenge and Test Port
Knife Edge
Custom-Sizes Available
Data Comparison
PSC
motor
ECM
motor
1/5
1/3
650
325
190
80
50
46
24x48
1/3
650
105
48