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ESTUDO DA TRANSFORMAO 0
3.1 INTRODUO
Seja duas estruturas, uma trifsica e uma bifsica, representadas Fig. 3.1 e
Fig. 3.2:
Os enrolamentos que compem a estrutura trifsica possuem n3 espiras e os
que compem a estrutura bifsica possuem n2 espiras.
Cada enrolamento, ao ser percorrido por uma corrente produz uma fora
magnetomotriz F.
40
S2
S
n3
F2
iS
F1
S1
iS
iS
n2
iS
n3
F
S
n3
iS
F3
n2
S3
(3.1)
(3.2)
Assim:
FS
F =
S
F
1 2 S1
FS
3 2 3 2 2
FS3
1 2
(3.3)
mas:
FS
iS
n
=
F
2
S
iS
(3.4)
FS1
iS1
FS2 = n 3 iS2
FS
iS
3
3
(3.5)
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i
-1 2 S1
i S
3 2 - 3 2 2
iS3
iS n 3 1
i =
S n 2 0
-1 2
(3.6)
Para que a matriz definida pela expresso (3.6) possa ser invertida, vamos
definir a corrente i0 segundo a expresso (3.7):
iS0 = a
n3
iS + iS2 + iS3
n2 1
(3.7)
iS
a
0 n3
iS = n 1
i 2 0
a iS1
1 2 iS2
3 2 3 2 iS3
a
1 2
(3.8)
a
n3
1
A =
n 2
0
1
1 2
3 2 3 2
a
1 2
(3.9)
(A )
1 1
= At
(3.10)
ou
A 1 = A t
(3.11)
ou
t
A 1 A 1 = I
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(3.12)
42
1 0 0
I = 0 1 0
0 0 1
(3.13)
Portanto:
2 a
n3
1
n2
0
1
0 1 0 0
a a
3 2 = 0 1 0
1 2 a 1 2
3 2 3 2 a 1 2 3 2 0 0 1
a
1 2
(3.14)
Assim:
2
n
3 3 a 2 = 1
n2
(3.15)
n3
(1 + 1 4 + 1 4) = 1
n2
(3.16)
Portanto:
n3
=
n2
2
3
(3.17)
a=
1
2
(3.18)
A 1 =
1 2 1 2 1 2
2
1 2 1 2
1
3
3 2 3 2
0
Seja:
Prof. Ivo Barbi, Dr. Ing.
http://www.ivobarbi.com
(3.19)
43
i S 0
iS
0
= iS
i
S
(3.20)
i S 12 3
iS1
= iS 2
i S
3
(3.21)
i S 0 = A 1 i S 12 3
(3.22)
i S 12 3 = A i S 0
(3.23)
(3.24)
1 2 3 = L i1 2 3
(3.25)
0 = A 11 2 3
(3.26)
ou
Seja:
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44
i 0 = A 1 i1 2 3
(3.27)
A 11 2 3 = A 1 L i1 2 3
(3.28)
0 = A 1 L A i 0
(3.29)
L N = A 1 L A
(3.30)
0 = L N i 0
(3.31)
Assim:
Seja:
Assim:
Calculemos a matriz L N :
LN =
2
3
1 2 1 2 1 2 L M M 1
2
1 2 1 2 M L M 1
1
3
3 2 3 2 M M L 1
0
2
2
2
1
1 2
1 2
0
3
3
2
2
(3.32)
0
0
L + 2M
LM
0
LN = 0
0
0
L M
(3.33)
L 0 = L + 2M
(3.34)
LS = L M
(3.35)
Seja:
Assim:
0 L 0
= 0
0
Prof. Ivo Barbi, Dr. Ing.
0
LS
0
0
LS
i0
i
i
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(3.36)
45
v1
i1
R1
M 12
L2
v2
i2
R2
L1
M 13
L3
M 23
R3
v3
i3
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46
(3.37)
(3.38)
v 0 = A 1 RAi 0 + pA 1LAi 0
(3.39)
R N = A 1 RA
(3.40)
L N = A 1LA
(3.41)
V0 = R N i 0 + pL N i 0
(3.42)
Assim:
Seja:
Assim:
mas,
R
R N = 0
0
L0
L N = 0
0
0
R
0
LS
0
0
0
R
(3.43)
0
0
LS
(3.44)
O modelo do reator trifsico simtrico ser ento descrito pela expresso (3.45)
v0 R + pL 0
v = 0
v 0
0
R + pLS
0
0 i0
0 i
R + pLS i
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(3.45)
47
v 0 = ( R + pL 0 ) i 0
v = ( R + pLS ) i
(3.46)
v = ( R + pLS ) i
Fisicamente o reator trifsico convertido em trs reatores monofsicos
independentes, representados na Fig. 3.4.
R
L0
i0
v0
i
v
i
v
Fig. 3.4 Modelo eltrico equivalente para o reator trifsico usando a transformada 0.
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48
M SR
R1
S2
R2
vS 1
iS1
i R3
RS 1
R R3
L R3
L S1
vS 2
iS
RS 2
L S2
RS
vS 3
iS
LR
L S3
LR
3
RR
R R2 i R2
iR
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49
di S
di
+ LSR R
dt
dt
di
di
v R = R R i R + L RR R + L RS S
dt
dt
v S = R S i S + LSS
(3.47)
onde:
R S
R S = 0
0
R R
R R = 0
0
LSR = L RS
0
RS
0
0
RR
0
MS
L SS
LS
= M S
M S
MR
L RR
LR
= M R
M R
LS
MS
LR
MR
0
0
R S
(3.48)
0
0
R R
(3.49)
MS
M S
L S
(3.50)
MR
M R
L R
(3.51)
M SR 2 M SR 2
M SR
= M SR 2
M SR 2
M SR
M SR
M SR 2 M SR 2
Aplicando-se a transformao 0
(3.52)
di S 0
v R 0 = A 1 R R A i R 0 + A 1 L RR A
dt
+ A 1 LSR A
di R 0
dt
di R 0
+ A 1 LSR A
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dt
di S 0
dt
(3.53)
(3.54)
50
v R 0 = R R N i R 0 + L RR N
di S 0
+ LSR N
dt
di R 0
dt
di R 0
+ L RS N
dt
di R 0
dt
(3.55)
(3.56)
R SN
R S
= 0
0
R RN
R R
= 0
0
LSS
L RR
LS
= 0
0
LR
= 0
0
L SR = L RS
0
RS
0
0
RR
0
0
LS
0
0
R S
(3.57)
0
0
R R
(3.58)
0
0
LS
(3.59)
0
0
L R
(3.60)
0
LR
0
0
0
= 0 m SR
0
0
0
0
m SR
onde:
LS0 = LS + 2MS
L R 0 = L R + 2M R
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(3.61)
51
L S = LS M S
LR = LR M R
mSR =
3
MSR
2
vS0 R S
v
S 0
vS 0
=
vR0 0
v 0
R
v R 0
0
RS
0
0
0
0
0
0
RS
0
0
0
0
0
0
RR
0
0
0
0
0
0
RR
0
0
0
0
0 iS0
0 iS0 pLS0 0
i
0
0 pmSR 0 iS
0 S 0 pLS
0
pLS
0
0 pmSR iS
0 iS 0
0
0 pL R 0 0
0 iR0
0 iR0 0
0 pL R
0 i R
0 i R 0 pmSR 0
0 pmSR 0
0
pL R i R
R R i R 0
(3.62)
vS0 R S
=
v R 0 0
0
R R
iS0
LS0
+p
i R 0
0
L R 0
iS0
i R 0
(3.63)
vS R S
=
v R 0
0
R R
iS
LS0
+p
i R
0
L R 0
iS
i R
(3.64)
vS R S
=
v R 0
0
R R
iS
LS0
+p
i R
0
L R 0
iS
i R
(3.65)
vS
iS0
i R0
vR0
-
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52
vS
iS
i R
vR
-
vS
iS
i R
vR
-
v S = R S i S + LSS
L ( ) d
di S
di
+ LSR ( ) R + SR
iR
dt
dt
dt
v R = R R i R + L RR
(3.66)
L ( ) d
di
di R
+ L RS ( ) S + RS
iS
dt
dt
dt
(3.67)
1 L ( )
i
T= it
(3.68)
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53
A1 vS = A1 RS AiS0 + A1 LSS A
diS0
dt
+ A1 LSR ( ) A
di R0
dt
d
1
A LSR ( ) Ai R0
dt
(3.69)
Definindo-se:
R S N = A 1 R S A
(3.70)
R R N = A 1 R R A
(3.71)
LSS N = A 1 LSS A
(3.72)
L RR N = A 1 L RR A
(3.73)
LSR ( ) N = A 1 LSR ( ) A
(3.74)
LSR ( ) N = A 1 LSR ( ) A
(3.75)
v S 0 = R S N i S 0 + LSSN
v R 0 = R R N i R 0 + L RR N
di S 0
+ LSR ( ) N
dt
di R 0
dt
di R 0
+ L RS ( ) N
dt
di S 0
dt
LSR ( ) N
L RS ( ) N
i R 0
d
dt
(3.76)
i S 0
d
dt
(3.77)
T = iS
LSR ( )
iR
i S = A i S 0
Prof. Ivo Barbi, Dr. Ing.
http://www.ivobarbi.com
(3.78)
(3.79)
54
i S = i S 0 A t
T = i S 0 A t
T = i S 0
(3.80)
LSR ( )
Ai R 0
( A t LSR ( ) A )
(3.81)
(3.82)
i R 0
Assim:
t
T = i S 0
LSR ( ) N
(3.83)
i R 0
LSR ( ) N
2
= MSR
3
1
2
1
2
1
0
1
2
3
2
1
2
4
cos
cos + cos +
2
3
3
1
4
2
cos
cos +
cos +
2
3
3
2
4
cos + cos +
cos
3
3
2
1
1
2
1
1
2 2
1
1
2 2
3
(3.84)
2
LSR ( ) N
0
0
0
0
mSR cos
mSR sen
mSR sen
mSR cos
(3.85)
L RS ( ) N
0
0
0
0
mSR cos
mSR sen
0
mSR sen
mSR cos
(3.86)
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55
Pois
L RS ( ) = LSR ( )
N
(3.87)
Com:
LSR ( )
di R 0
N
dt
LSR ( )
i R 0
d dLSR ( ) N
i R 0
=
dt
dt
(3.88)
di S 0
v S 0 = R S N i S 0 + LSSN
v R 0 = R R N i R 0 + L RR N
t
T = i S 0
dLSR ( )
dt
di R 0
dt
LSR ( )
dt
dLSR ( )
dt
i R 0
N
(3.89)
i S 0
i R 0
R
vS S
0
v
S
0
v =
R0
vR
v R
+p
0 0
RS 0
0 RS
0
0
RR 0
0 RR
0 0
LS0
LS
LS
0
0
0
0
mSR cos mSR sen
LR0
0
iS0
i
S
iS
+
0 iR
0
0
i
R R R
i R
i
S0
mSR cos mSR sen iS
mSR sen mSR cos iS
0
0
iR0
i
0
LR
R
LR
0
i R
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T = mSR iS0 iS
iS
0
0 iR0
sen cos i R
cos sen i R
0
0
0
(3.90)
iR
R2
R1
1
iR
S1
iS
iS
iR
S3
R3
R
iR
iS
iR
iS
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vS
iS
S1
i S1
R1
S2
iS 2
R2
S3
iS 3
R3
Fig. 3.12 Mquina simtrica trifsica com enrolamentos rotricos abertos sendo os estatricos alimentados
com a mesma tenso.
(3.91)
v S 0 = A 1 v S 1 2 3
(3.92)
vS = 0
(3.93)
vS = 0
(3.94)
vS0 = 3 vS
(3.95)
iS0 =
vS0
2f L 0
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(3.96)
58
iS0 =
1
( iS + iS2 + i S3 )
3 1
(3.97)
iS
3
(3.98)
Ento
iS 0 =
iS
3 vS
=
3 2f L 0
(3.99)
Assim:
iS =
3 vS
X0
(3.100)
onde:
X 0 = 2f L 0
(3.101)
iS
ROTOR
iS
FS
FS
iS
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vS0 R S
=
v R 0 0
0 iS0 pLS0
+
R R i R 0 0
0 iS0
pL R 0 i R 0
(3.102)
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i1
R = 1
LS
LS
f = 60Hz
R
i2
i3
R
v1
LS
+
-
LS
--
R
+
v3
i3
LS
R
v2
+
i2
Fig. 3.15 Rotor trifsico com duas fases em paralelo e em srie com a terceira sendo alimentadas por uma
fonte de tenso nica.
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61
+
v1
i1
i2
v2
v3
i3
onde:
R 1 = R 2 = R 3 = R = 0,5 ,
L1 = L 2 = L 3 = L = 60 mH (prprias)
M = -30mH (mtuas)
No instante t = 0 aplicam-se as seguintes tenses nos enrolamentos:
v1 = 50V ; v 2 = 30V ; v3 = 100V
i1
R
M
LS
S2
S3
i2
i3
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62
v1 = Vcos t
2
v 2 = Vcos t
3
v3 = Vcos t -
3
onde
= 377 rad/s
v = 2 220 volts
Determinar as correntes i1 (t ) , i 2 (t ) e i 3 (t ) .
v2
iS
S1
R1
iR
v3
iS
S2
R2
iR
iS
S3
R3
iR
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v1 = Vcos t
2
v 2 = Vcos t
3
v3 = Vcos t -
3
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63