Professional Documents
Culture Documents
eSpringContaminantReductionList
(IncludingHealthEffects&SourcesofContamination)
AestheticSubstance
%Reduced
Particulates ClassI
>95
Taste,OdorandChlorineClassI
>95
Chloramine
>95
Contaminant
CASNumber
%
Reduced
PotentialHealthEffectsfrom
IngestionofWater
SourcesofContaminantinDrinkingWater
Acenaphthene
83329
>99.7
Headache,fatigue,nausea;
developmentofskinallergy;liver
andkidneydamage
Runoff/leachingfromuseasinsecticide/fungicide
Acenaphthylene
208968
>99.7
SeeAbove
Dehydrationofacenaphthene
Runofffromherbicideusedonrowcrops
Alachlor
15972608
>95
Eye,liver,kidneyorspleen
problems;anemia;increasedrisk
ofcancer
Aldicarb
116063
99.8
Centralnervoussystemand
neurologicalproblems
Runoff/leachingfromsoiltreatmentwithinsecticide
Aldrin
309002
97.4
Increasedriskofcancer
Runoff/leachingfromsoiltreatmentwithinsecticide
AlphaBHC
SeeLindane
319846
>99.6
Liverandkidneydamage;
increasedriskofcancer
Runoff/leachingfrominsecticide
AlphaEndosulfan
959988
97.1
Endocrinedisruption
Runofffrominsecticideusedonfoodcrops
Revised3/25/13SER/LH
PreparedbyResearch&Development
Anthracene
Asbestos
Atenolol
120127
12001295
29122687
>99.6
Skindamage,gastrointestinaltract;
hematologicalandlymphoid
systemsproblems
Releasefromdyemanufacturingorwoodpreserving
facilities;runofffrominsecticideuse
>99
Skindamage;circulatorysystem
Decayofasbestoscementinwatermains;runofffrom
problems;increasedriskofbenign glassandelectronicsplantwastes;wear/breakdownof
intestinalpolyps,lungdiseaseand
asbestoscontainingmaterials;erosionofnatural
cancer
deposits
99%
Potentialendocrinedisrupting
compound(EDC).Groupofdrugs
calledbetablockersthatworksby
slowingdowntheheartand
reducingitsworkload
Drinkingwatercontaminatedbypharmaceuticalsisan
emergingareaofresearch.Thelevelsthatarebeing
reportedareinthepartspertrillion(ppt)rangesbut
arestillalarmingtomanypeopleeventhoughthereis
noreportedhealtheffectsassociatedtoanyofthe
levelsofpharmaceuticalsreported.
Runofffromherbicideusedonrowcrops;leaching
fromwastewateratmanufacturingsites
Atrazine
1912249
>90
Cardiovascularsystemproblems;
reproductivedifficulties;increased
riskofcancer
Benzene
71432
>95
Anemia;decreasedinblood
platelets;increasedriskofcancer
Dischargefromfactories;leachingfromgasstorage
tanksandlandfills
Benzidine
92875
>99.6
Increasedriskofurinarybladder
andothercancers
Leachingfromwastesites;breakdownofbenzidine
baseddyes(breakdownof1,2diphenylhydrazine)
Increasedriskofcancer
Leachingfromwastesitesofmanufacturedgas
facilities;productofincompletecombustionoffossil
fuel,organicmatter,garbage
Benzo[k]fluoranthene
207089
98.1
Benzo[a]anthracene
56553
>99.3
Increasedriskofcancer
Leachingfromwastesitesofmanufacturedgas
facilities;productofincompletecombustionoffossil
fuel,organicmatter,garbage
Benzo[a]pyrene
50328
92.5
Reproductivedifficulties;skin
Leachingfromliningsofwaterstoragetanksand
Revised3/25/13SER/LH
PreparedbyResearch&Development
changes;increasedriskofcancer
distributionlines
Benzo[b]fluoranthene
205982
98.7
Increasedriskofcancer
Releasefromdyemanufacturingorwoodpreserving
facilities;productofincompletecombustionoffossil
fuel,organicmatter,garbage
Benzo[g,h,i]perylene
191242
91.0
Possibleskin,liver,andrelated
tissueproblems
Productofincompletecombustionoffossilfuel,
organicmatter,garbage
BetaBHC
319857
>99.6
Liverandkidneyproblems;
increasedriskofcancer
Runoff/leachingfrominsecticide
BetaEndosulfan
33213659
97.5
Endocrinedisruption
Runofffrominsecticideusedonfoodcrops
Bis(2Chloroethoxy)methane
111911
>99.3
Skinandeyeirritations
Dischargefromrubbermanufacturingplants
Dischargefromtextilefactories,pesticide
manufacturingandindustrialchemicalfactories
Bis(2chloroethyl)ether(BCEE)
111444
>99.0
Irritationandproblemswithskin,
eyes,throatandlungs;increased
riskofcancer
Bis(2chloroisopropyl)ether
108601
>98.3
Increasedriskofcancer
Dischargefromdye,pharmaceuticalandindustrial
chemicalfactories
DischargeduringproductionofPVCandvinylchloride
resins
Bis(2ethylhexyl)phthalate
117817
99.0
Developmental,liverand
gastrointestinalproblems;
increasedriskofcancer
Bromochloroacetonitrile
83463621
>98.2
Suspectedcarcinogen
Byproductofdrinkingwaterdisinfection
Bromodichloromethanesee
Trihalomethanes(TTHMs)
Bromoformsee
Trihalomethanes(TTHMs)
4Bromophenylphenylether
101553
>99.1
Leachingfromwastesites
Revised3/25/13SER/LH
PreparedbyResearch&Development
Butylbenzylphthalate
85687
>99.4
Reproductiveanddevelopmental
problems;increasedriskofcancer
ReleasefromPVCmanufacturingfacilities;leaching
fromwastesites
Leachingfromsoiltreatedwithinsecticide
Carbaryl
63252
>98.3
Cholinesteraseinhibitioncausing
headaches,memoryloss,muscle
weaknessandcramps;liverand
kidneyproblems
Carbofuran
1563662
>95
Problemswithbloodornervous
system;reproductivedifficulties
Leachingfromsoilfumigantusedonriceandalfalfa
Carbontetrachloride
56235
>95
Liverproblems;increasedriskof
cancer
Dischargefromchemicalplantsandotherindustrial
activities
Chlordane
57749
>95
Liverornervoussystemproblems;
increasedriskofcancer
Residuefrombannedtermiticide
Chlorobenzene
108907
>95
Liverorkidneyproblems
Dischargefromchemicalandagriculturalfactories
Chlorodibromomethanesee
Trihalomethanes(TTHMs)
2chloroethylvinylether
110758
>99.9
Releaseduringmanufactureofpharmaceuticals
Chloroformsee
Trihalomethanes(TTHMs)or
VOCs
>95
Suspectedcarcinogen
4Chloro3methylphenol
59507
>99.1
Lungandskinproblems
Byproductofwaterchlorinationtreatment;discharge
fromwastewatersatmanufacturingfacilities
94
Usedinsolvent,wood
preservatives,immersionoilfor
testingrefractiveindexandas
additivesincableinsulation,
engineoil,electroplating
ToxicPollutants
2chloronaphthalene
91587
Revised3/25/13SER/LH
PreparedbyResearch&Development
compoundsandcapacitors.They
areusedinproducingdyes.
95578
>98.1
Reproductiveanddevelopmental
problems;liverandkidney
damage;increasedriskofcancer
7005723
>99.1
>99.2
Toxicitytohumans,including
carcinogenicity,reproductiveand
developmentaltoxicity,
neurotoxicityandacutetoxicity
Runofffromuseaspesticideandbyproductofdrinking
waterdisinfection
Runofffromhomeinsecticideuseoncockroaches,
fleasandtermitesorfromfarmusetocontroltickson
cattleandcroppests
2Chlorophenol
4Chlorophenylphenylether
Chloropicrin
76062
Leachingfromtreatedwood;releasefrom
manufacturingfacilities
Chlorpyrifos
2921882
>99.9
Cholinesteraseinhibitioncausing
nausea,dizziness,andconfusion;
nervoussystemproblems
Chrysene
218019
>97.8
Increasedriskofcancer
Pollutionofdustparticlesformedwhengarbage,
gasoline,oranimalandplantmaterialsareburned
Dischargefromindustrialchemicalfactories
cis1,2Dichloroethylene
156592
>99
Kidneyandliverdamage;nervous
andhematologicalsystem
problems
cis1,3Dichloropropylene
10061015
>99
Bladderandkidneydamage
Leachingfromsoiltreatedwithnematocide;leaching
fromhazardouswastesitesandproductionfacilities
Cysts
n/a
>99.95%
Gastroentericdiseasessuchas
cryptosporidiosis
Humanandfecalanimalwaste
24D
94757
>95
Kidney,liverandhematological
systemproblems
Runofffromherbicideusedonrowcrops
4,4DDD
72548
97
Increasedriskofcancer
Residuefrombannedpesticide;leachingfromlandfills
orwastesites
Revised3/25/13SER/LH
PreparedbyResearch&Development
DeltaBHC
319868
>99.6
Liverandkidneyproblems
Runoff/leachingfrominsecticide
Dibenzo[a,h]anthracene
53703
93.4
Increasedriskofcancer
Leachingfromwastesitesofmanufacturedgas
facilities;productofincompletecombustionoffossil
fuel,organicmatterandgarbage
Dibromoacetonitrile
3252435
>99.2
Suspectedcarcinogen
Byproductofdrinkingwaterdisinfection
Leachingfromlandfillsandwastewatersfromfire
retardantandplasticsmanufacturingfacilities
4,4Dibromo1,1biphenyl
92864
95.7
Weightloss,skindisorders,liver,
kidney,thyroidglandandnervous
andimmunesystemproblems;
increasedriskofcancer
Dibromochloropropane
(DBCP)
96128
>95
Reproductivedifficulties;kidney
damage;increasedriskofcancer
Runoff/leachingfromuseasanematocideforsoil
fumigant
Dichloracetonitrile
3018120
>98.4
Suspectedcarcinogen
Byproductofdrinkingwaterdisinfection
oDichlorobenzene
95501
>95
Liver,kidneyorcirculatorysystem
problems
Dischargefromindustrialchemicalfactories
1,3Dichlorobenzene
541731
>99.8
Liverandkidneydamage
Dischargefromindustrialchemicalfactories
pDicholorbenzene
106467
>98
Anemia;liver,kidneyorspleen
damage;changesinblood
Dischargefromindustrialchemicalfactories
3,3Dichlorobenzidine
91941
>99.6
Dermatitis;increasedriskofcancer
Dischargefromindustrialchemicalfactories
1,2Dichloroethane
107062
95
Increasedriskofcancer
Dischargefromindustrialchemicalfactories
1,1Dichloroethylene
540590
>99
Liverdamage
Dischargefromindustrialchemicalfactories
2,4Dichlorophenol
120832
>98.7
Liverandkidneydamage;nervous
andimmunesystemeffects
Dischargefrompesticidemanufacturingfactories
1,2Dichloropropane
78875
>99
Increasedriskofcancer
Dischargefromindustrialchemicalfactories
Revised3/25/13SER/LH
PreparedbyResearch&Development
1,1Dichloropropanone
513882
>98
Suspectedcarcinogen
Byproductofdrinkingwaterdisinfection
Dieldrin
60571
99.7
Increasedriskofcancer
Runoff/leachingfromsoiltreatmentwithinsecticide
Diethylphthalate
84662
>99.7
Leachingfromplasticsduringuseandfromwastesites
andlandfillscontainingdischargeplastics
Dischargefromindustrialchemicalandpetroleum
factories
2,4Dimethylphenol
105679
>98.7
Liverandkidneydamage;
hematologicalandnervoussystem
problems
Dimethylphthalate
131113
>99.8
Reproductiveproblems;kidney
damage
Dischargefromindustrialchemicalfactories
Dinbutylphthalate
84742
>99.6
Possiblereproductiveproblems
(whenlargequantitiesare
ingested)
Dischargefromindustrialchemicalfactories
Dischargefromindustrialchemicalfactories;leaching
fromlandfillsanduseasapesticide
4,6Dinitro2methylphenol
534521
>99.3
Centralnervoussystemand
cardiovascularproblems;cataracts;
skinirritations;kidneyandliver
damage
2,4Dinitrophenol
51285
>99.3
Nausea,vomiting,sweating,
dizziness,headache,lossofweight
Pesticiderunofftowaterandfromreleasestotheair
frommanufacturingplants
Dischargefromindustrialchemicalfactoriesand
manufacturingprocessessuchaspolyurethane,
ammunitionanddyes
2,4Dinitrotoluene
121142
>94.3
Hematologicalandnervoussystem
effects;increasedriskofcancer
2,6Dinitrotoluene
606202
>95.1
Seeabove
Seeabove
Dinoctylphthalate
(DNOP)
117840
>98.8
Possibleliverdamage
Releaseduringmanufacturing;leachingfromplastic
duringuseorinlandfills
Dinoseb(DNBP)
88557
99
Reproductivedifficulties
Runofffromherbicidesusedonsoybeansand
Revised3/25/13SER/LH
PreparedbyResearch&Development
vegetables
1,2Diphenylhydrazine
122667
>99.0
Increasedriskofcancer
Leachingfromwastesites
EthinylEstradiol(17alpha
ethynylestradiol)orEE2
77538568
98
Potentialendocrinedisrupting
compound(EDC)
Componentofcombinedoralcontraceptives
Endosulfansulfate
1031078
95.4
Liver,kidneyandreproductive
damage;endocrinedisruption
Breakdownofalphaandbetaendosulfanisomers
Endrin
72208
>95
Liverproblems;nervoussystem
effects
Residueofbannedinsecticide
Endrinaldehyde
7421934
>99.0
Breakdownofendrin
Ethylbenzene
100414
>95
Liverandkidneydamage
Dischargefrompetroleumrefineries
Dischargefrompetroleumrefineries
Ethylenedibromide
106934
>95
Problemswithliver,stomach,
reproductivesystemandkidneys;
increasedriskofcancer
Fluranthene
206440
>98.2
Liverandkidneydamage;
increasedriskofcancer
Releasefromdye,pharmaceutical,andagrochemical
manufacturingfacilities
Fluorine
86737
>99.7
Hematologicaleffects
Releasefromdye,pesticide,thermosetplasticand
pharmaceuticalmanufacturingfacilities
gammaBHC(Lindane)
58899
>95
Liverandkidneydamage;
increasedriskofcancer
Runoff/leachingfrominsecticide
Guthion
86500
>99.9
Nervoussystemproblems;
personalitychanges
Runoff/leachingfrominsecticide
Heptachlor
76448
>95
Liverandcentralnervoussystem
damage;increasedriskofcancer
Residuefrombannedtermiticide
Heptachlorepoxide
1024573
>95
Liverdamage;increasedriskof
Breakdownofheptachlor
Revised3/25/13SER/LH
PreparedbyResearch&Development
cancer
Hexachlorobenzene
118741
>98.8
Liverandkidneydamage;
reproductivedifficulties;benign
tumorsofendocrineglands;
increasedriskofcancer
Hexachlorobutadiene
87683
>98
Kidneyandliverdamage;increased
riskofcancer
Dischargefromindustrialchemicalfactories
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
77474
>99
Kidneyandstomachdamage
Dischargefromchemicalfactories;runofffrom
pesticideuse
Reactionofcertaincarboncompoundswithchlorine;
incinerationofchlorinatedhydrocarbons;runofffrom
insecticideuse
Dischargefrommetalrefineriesandagricultural
chemicalfactories
Hexachloroethane
67721
?96.6
Liverandkidneydamage;
increasedriskofcancer
Hydrocarbons
n/a
>91.3
Gasoline,kerosene,dieselfuelgroundcontamination
Isophorone
78591
>98.4
Kidneydamage;possible
reproductiveproblems
Dischargefromchemicalfactories
>95
Infantsandchildren:delaysin
physicalormentaldevelopment
Adults:Kidneyproblems;high
bloodpressure
Corrosionofhouseholdplumbingsystems;erosionof
naturaldeposits
Corrosionofhouseholdplumbingsystems;erosionof
naturaldeposits
LeadatpH6.5
7439921
LeadatpH8.5
7439921
>95
Infantsandchildren:delaysin
physicalormentaldevelopment
Adults:Kidneyproblems;high
bloodpressure
Malathion
121755
>99.0
Nervoussystemproblems
Runofffrominsecticideuseonfarmsandingardens
MercuryatpH6.5
7439976
>90
Kidneydamage
Erosionofnaturaldeposits;dischargefromrefineries
andfactories;runofffromlandfillsandcropland
Revised3/25/13SER/LH
PreparedbyResearch&Development
MercuryatpH8.5
7439976
>90
Kidneydamage
Erosionofnaturaldeposits;dischargefromrefineries
andfactories;runofffromlandfillsandcropland
Methoxychlor
72435
>95
Liver,kidneyandhearttissue
damage;reproductivedifficulties
Runoff/leachingfrominsecticideusedonfruits,
vegetables,alfalfa,livestock
MicrocystinLR
n/a
99.6
Liverdamage,increasedriskof
cancer
MTBE(Methyltertbutylether)
1634044
>95
Effectstasteandodorofwater,
suspectedcarcinogen
Leakingundergroundandabovegroundfuelstorage
tanks,pipelines,refuelingspills,automobileaccidents
damagingthefueltank,consumerdisposalofold
gasoline,emissionsfromoldermarineengines,andto
alesserdegree,stormwaterrunoff,andprecipitation
mixedwithMTBEintheair
MX(MutagenX)
77439760
96.0
Increasedriskofcancer
Naphthalene
91203
>99.7
Hematologicalproblems;increased
riskofcancer
Runofffromuseasfumigant(mothrepellent);
dischargefromindustrialchemicalfactories
Releaseinemissionsandwastewaterduringits
manufacture,processingandusesasasolvent
Nitrobenzene
98953
>98.5
Liverandkidneydamage;
reproductiveproblems;increased
riskofcancer
2Nirtophenol
88755
>99.5
Liverandkidneydamage;nervous
systemproblems
Dischargefromchemicalfactoriesduring
manufacturing;breakdownofpesticides
4Nirtophenol
100027
>99.8
Lungandnervoussystemproblems
Dischargefromchemicalfactoriesduring
manufacturing;runofffromuseasfungicide;
breakdownofpesticides
NNitrosodinpropylamine
621647
>99.2
Increasedriskofcancer
Leachingfromwastesitesanduseasaweedkiller
NNitrosodiphenylamine
86306
>99.1
Increasedriskofcancer
Leachingfromwastesites
Revised3/25/13SER/LH
PreparedbyResearch&Development
Parathion
PCB1016
PCB1221
PCB1232
PCB1242
PCB1248
56382
12674112
11104282
11141165
53469219
12672296
>99.9
Hematologicalproblems
Runofffromuseasinsecticide
>98.8
Skinchanges;thymusgland
problems;immunedeficiencies;
reproductiveornervoussystem
difficulties;increasedriskofcancer
Runofffromlandfills;dischargeofwastechemicals
>99.6
Skinchanges;thymusgland
problems;immunedeficiencies;
reproductiveornervoussystem
difficulties;increasedriskofcancer
Runofffromlandfills;dischargeofwastechemicals
>98.4
Skinchanges;thymusgland
problems;immunedeficiencies;
reproductiveornervoussystem
difficulties;increasedriskofcancer
Runofffromlandfills;dischargeofwastechemicals
>99.2
Skinchanges;thymusgland
problems;immunedeficiencies;
reproductiveornervoussystem
difficulties;increasedriskofcancer
Runofffromlandfills;dischargeofwastechemicals
>99.4
Skinchanges;thymusgland
problems;immunedeficiencies;
reproductiveornervoussystem
difficulties;increasedriskofcancer
Runofffromlandfills;dischargeofwastechemicals
Runofffromlandfills;dischargeofwastechemicals
Runofffromlandfills;dischargeofwastechemicals
PCB1254
11097691
>97.5
Skinchanges;thymusgland
problems;immunedeficiencies;
reproductiveornervoussystem
difficulties;increasedriskofcancer
PCB1260(Aroclor)
11096825
>95
Skinchanges;thymusgland
problems;immunedeficiencies;
reproductiveornervoussystem
Revised3/25/13SER/LH
PreparedbyResearch&Development
difficulties;increasedriskofcancer
Pentachlorophenol
Phenanthrene
87865
85018
Liverorkidneyproblems;
reproductiveeffects;increasedrisk
ofcancer
Dischargefromwoodpreservingfactories;residue
frombannedherbicide
>99.0
Increasedriskofcancer
Dischargefrompetroleumrefineries;leachingfrom
wastesites;releasefrommanufacturinginsecticides,
dyesandplastics
Runofffromlandfillsandhazardouswastesites;
dischargefromplasticandphenolmanufacturing
plants
>99
Phenol
108952
>98.1
Diarrheaanddigestiveproblems;
skindiscolorationanderuptions;
developmentaleffects
Pyrene
129000
>98.1
Kidneydamage
Releasefrommanufacturinginsecticides,dyesand
plastics
Radon
10043922
>95
Increasedriskofcancer
Erosionofnaturaldeposits
Simazine
122349
>95
Hematologicalproblems
Herbiciderunoff
Strychnine
60413
>99.8
Kidneyandbraindamage
Runofffromuseaspesticide
Styrene
100425
>95
Liver,kidney,andcirculatory
problems
Dischargefromrubberandplasticfactories;leaching
fromlandfills
2,4,5TP(Silvex)
93721
>95
Liverandkidneydamage
Residueofbannedherbicide
2,3,7,8Tetrachlorodi
benzoparadioxin(TCDD)
1746016
>99.9
Reproductivedifficulties;increased
riskofcancer
Emissionfromwasteincinerationandother
combustion;dischargefromchemicalfactories
2,3,7,8Tetrachlorodi
benzofuran(TCDF)
51207319
>99.9
Skin,respiratoryandnervous
systemproblems
Emissionfromwasteincinerationandother
combustion;dischargefromchemicalfactories
1,1,2,2Tetrachloroethane
79345
>99
Increasedriskofcancer
Residueformuseaspesticide
Tetrachloroethylene
127184
>95
Liverdamage;increasedriskof
Dischargefromfactoriesanddrycleaners
Revised3/25/13SER/LH
PreparedbyResearch&Development
cancer
Toluene
108883
>95
Nervoussystem,kidneyandliver
problems
Dischargefrompetroleumrefineries
Toxaphene
8001352
>90
Kidney,liver,andthyroid
problems;centralnervoussystem
effects;increasedriskofcancer
Runoff/leachingfrominsecticideusedoncottonand
cattle
trans1,2Dichloroethylene
156605
>99
Liverdamage
Dischargefromindustrialchemicalfactories
trans1,3Dichloroporpene
542756
>99.9
Liverandkidneydamage;
increasedriskofcancer
Runofffromuseaspesticide
Tribromoaceticacid
75967
>98
Increasedriskofcancer
Byproductofdrinkingwaterdisinfection
Trichloroacetonitrile
545062
>98.6
Increasedriskofcancer
Byproductofdrinkingwaterdisinfection
1,2,4Trichlorobenzene
120821
>99
Changesinadrenalglands
Dischargefromtextilefinishingfactories
1,1,1Trichloroethane
71556
95
Liver,nervoussystem,and
circulatoryproblems
Dischargefrommetaldegreasingsitesandother
factories
1,1,2Trichloroethane
79005
>99
Liver,kidney,andimmunesystem
problems
Dischargefromindustrialchemicalfactories
Trichloroethylene
79016
>95
Liverproblems;increasedriskof
cancer
Dischargefrommetaldegreasingsitesandother
factories
Runofffromuseinpesticides
2,4,6Trichlorophenol
88062
>98.7
Reproductiveanddevelopmental
problems;liverandkidney
damage;increasedriskofcancer
1,1,1Trichloropropanone
>95
Suspectedcarcinogen
Byproductofdrinkingwaterdisinfection
Trihalomethanes(TTHMs)
includes:chloroform(surrogate
n/a
>95
Liver,kidney,andcentralnervous
systemproblems;increasedriskof
Byproductofdrinkingwaterdisinfection
Revised3/25/13SER/LH
PreparedbyResearch&Development
chemical),bromoform,
bromodichloromethane,
chlorodibromomethane
cancer
Vinylchloride
75014
>93.9
Increasedriskofcancer
LeachingfromPVCpipes;dischargefromplastic
factories
VOCs(volatileorganic
compounds)testedaschloroform
67663
>95
Liverandkidneydamage;
increasedriskofcancer
Chlorinationbyproduct;dischargefromindustrial
chemicalfactories
Xylenes(mxyleneoxylenep
xylene)
1330207
>99.8
Nervoussystemdamage
Dischargefrompetroleumfactories;dischargefrom
chemicalfactories
Revised3/25/13SER/LH