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Condensation
*
Abstract - The aim of the article is the review of two phase flow pattern maps for horizontal tubes. The flow pattern in evaporation
and condensation section in a small tube has been analyzed n this article. The two-phase flow pattern map for evaporation is
proposed by Wojtan et al. while the condensation section is proposed by Thome and El Hajal. The simulation was in MathCAD
and the results are presented in diagrams. In the simulation refrigerant R134a was used.
Nomenclature
Greeks
d
x
G
m
p
Q
T
f
A
diameter (m)
vapor quality (-)
mass velocity (kg/sm2)
mass flow rate (kg/s2)
pressure (Pa)
heat flux (W/m2)
temperature (K)
friction factor (-)
area of tube (m2)
I.
INTRODUCTION
density (m3/kg)
Index
l
v
tp
liqued
vapor
two phase
specifically for small diameter tubes typical of shell-andtube heat exchangers for both adiabatic and evaporating
flows. Another version of their map also been proposed
by El.Hajal, Thome and Cavalinni [6] (2003) for in tube
condensation.
II.
III.
Stratified flow(S),
Stratified-wavy flow (SW),
o Slug flow zone,
o Slug/Stratified-Wavy zone
o Stratified-Wavy zone.
Intermittent flow (I),
Annular flow (A),
Dryout (D),
Mist flow (MF)
0.5
50
(2)
X IA 0.341 0.875 v
v
1
l
l
(3)
1 ln 0.58 0.52 di
0.235 x
g
0.37
0.25
g
1
G dry out
l
g l v g di
0.7
q
q DNB
Gstrat
2
3
16 A3vd g D
l v
0
.
5
2 2
2
x 1 2 ld 1
G wavy
F2
2
F1 We
Fr
25 2ld
(1)
0.926
(4)
1 ln 0.61 0.57 di
0.0058 x
g
0.15
0.09
1
g
G mist
g l v g di
0
.
27
q
q
DNB
0.943
(5)
226.2 A 2 vd A 2 vd g cos 3
v
l
v
l
G strat
x 2 1 x 3
(7)
l v
0
.
5
2 2
2
x 1 2 ld 1
G wavy
F2
2
1
F1 We
cos
25 2ld
Fr
0.5
50
(8)
2
7680 A vd g D v l We
G mist
Fr l
x 2 ph 2
0.5
(9)
X IA 0.341 0.875 v
1 1.75
v
l
1 7
(10)
A 1
D2
A vd
D2
by Biberg [9]
(6)
SIMULATION OF MATHEMATICAL
MODEL
Refrigerant:
Mass velocity:
R134a
kg
2
m s
Vapor quality ranged: x = 0 1 [ - ]
G 100
mm
Tube diameter:
d6
Heat flux:
q 3000
Temperature of evaporation:
W
2
m
to = 5 [C]
Figure 3. Flow Pattern map and Heat Transfer model for in tube
boiling
x,T,d
f m,
Besides the heat transfer coefficients, accuracy of the
pressure drop and the void fraction value is determined
by the heat pump system of the accurate mathematical
model.
The flow pattern map for boiling and flow boiling
heat transfer model for refrigerant R134a on the inside of
horizontal tubes are proposed of Wojtan et al. (2005).
The flow pattern for condensation of refrigerant
R134a on the inside of horizontal tubes are suggested by
Thome and El Hajal (2003). The condensation heat
transfer model was used of Shah [10] correlation (1979).
The existence of a particular flow regime depends on
a variety of parameters, including the thermo physical
properties of the fluid, the tube diameter, orientation and
geometry, force field, mass flux, heat flux and vapor
quality.
On the flow pattern maps, the value change of the
heat transfer coefficients of evaporation and condensation
can be seen. It can be seen that the added input values, the
annular flow is predominantly formed in the evaporating
Figure 4. Flow Pattern map and Heat Transfer model for in tube
Condensation
liquid.