What is a multi-story building?

A:A multi-story building is a building that supports two or more floors above gr
ound. There is no formal restriction on the height of such a building or the num
ber of floors a multi-story building may contain, though taller buildings do fac
e more practical difficulties.
A multi-story building may be designed as a place of business, such as a hospita
l, a law firm, a casino, a mall or a government building. Other types of multi-s
tory buildings include apartment compounds and local museums. Some communities i
nclude many multi-story apartment buildings to provide adequate housing within t
he local area, or to meet the housing needs of a growing community.

What are the advantages of multi story building?

It is a more efficient use of land space, particularly where space is limited or
expensive, where a business cannot spread out, but it can always go up.
Lower cost of construction per square foot of floor space is another advantage.
the upper floors are often mere repetition of lower floors. The building is chea
per to heat because of less roof through which heat can escape. It is also cheap
er too cool where air conditioning is necessary. Upper stories are more free fro
m street noises, odors and dirt.
1. TEAM 18 PRESESNTATION: DEEWAS KHARKA 103 BISTEERNA MEDHI M45 PENCHEN LEPCHA 1
01 YIGO RIBA E14
2. INTRODUCTION ?Skyscrapers are very tall buildings with many floors. ?Skyscrap
ers have been a fascination for people; for engineers it is a challenge to build
structure that rises hundreds of feet above the ground. ?The Great Pyramid of G
iza built at 2560 BC stood at 146.5 meters) and was tallest man-made structure i
n the world for over 3,800 years ?Burj Khalifa at an astonishing height of 829.8
m in Dubai is the current tallest man made structure. 2
3. NEEDS FOR SKYSCRAPERS ? Expensive land Pricing ? Economic Status of a city ?
Military Surveillance ? Broadcasting Figure 1:World one, Mumbai 3
4. STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS ? Sub-structure: it is the portion below the ground whi
ch transmits the entire load to the soil. It is also called foundation of the sk
yscrapers or building. ? Super structure: it is the portion of structure above t
he ground level. 4Figure 2: sub and super structure
5. Foundation system Pile Foundation Deep Foundation Mat or Raft Foundation Pier
Foundation 5
6. SUPERSTRUCTURE ?The portion of the building that remains above the ground lev
el. ?A) Load bearing structural part: it transmits dead load and live load to th
e foundation. ?B) Non load bearing structural part : It does not carry load but
perform functions for aesthesis, partition and privacy, illumination, ventilatio
n, e gress etc. ?Shear wall, Steel frame, tube frame, Trussed tube and X-bracing
. 6 Figure 3: Construction of super- structure
7. 7Figure 4: Types of frames used.
8. NON STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS Elevators: It is a necessity in a skyscraper to tra
nsport people and goods to different floors. Taller the building more elevators
are needed. Placement of elevators needs to be properly planned and designed to
maximize the profitability of the skyscraper. 8 Figure 5: Elevators
9. Escalators: Its used to transfer people at lower levels between lobbies and u
pper Lobbies. Location is important because elevators and escalators should be s
ituated where they can be easily seen by the general public. 9 Figure 6: Escalat
ors
10. BUILDING ORIENTATION ? Orientation is very important to make a skyscraper en
ergy efficient and to enjoy the gifts of nature. 10 Figure 7: Proper orientation
of skyscraper
11. STABILITY OF A SKYSCRAPER ?Dead load of a skyscraper is very large compared

to the live load. So the load analysis has to be done carefully to make it stabl
e. ?The height exposes a skyscraper to various forces: 1) Wind Forces: As height
of the skyscraper increases wind force acting on it also increases. So analysis
of wind forces is very important. 2) Seismic Forces: A skyscraper can be made t
o tolerate seismic forces using : Tuned Mass Dampers Friction Pendulum Bearing (
FPB) 11
12. ADVANTAGES ?Multipurpose: The whole structure can be used as residential, co
mmercial and institutional. ?Space : It increases the total floor area and its b
est suited where land prices are expensive. ?Views : It provides long-range view
in congested city. ?Symbolism : It gives the symbol of the country or state for
wealth, power, history etc. ?Broadcasting : It provides excellent site for inst
alling broadcasting equipment. 12
13. DISADVANTAGES ?Safety : Hundred percent safety cannot be achieved in skyscra
per. Defective towers may pose a risk of falling and cause severe damage. The oc
cupants at higher floor level gets difficult in evacuation during emergency. ?Co
st of construction: All the process involved are very expensive(design, construc
tion). ?Environmental impact : Pollution increases as lots of materials like ste
el, cement, etc. are used in the construction. Noise pollution due to large numb
er of people and automobile. ?Psychological impacts: the old age people and chil
dren will have psychological impact in living at high height. 13
14. SKYSCRAPER SAFETY ?Design of a skyscraper is of prime importance to make it
safe and stable against the loads acting on it. ?Fire safety and management plan
s are needed to minimize the danger on lives. ?There should be egress planned fo
r evacuation in case of emergency. 14 Figure 8: Terror attacks on WTC
15. TALLEST SKYSCRAPERS 15Figure 9: Burj khalifa, (829 m) Taipei 101 (509m) Petr
onas tower (451.9m)
16. SKYSCRAPER SCENARIO IN INDIA MUMBAI SKYLINE AT NIGHT KOLKATA SKYLINE 16 Figu
re 10: Mumbai skyline Figure 11: Kolkata Skyline
17. GREEN SKYSCRAPERS ?A global movement of green skyscrapers is upon us. Archit
ects, engineers, developers, and clients with the influence of governmental guid
elines, are pioneering shift towards eco-towers. Qualities ?Energy Efficient and
Eco-Friendly ?Efficient Water Recycling ?Quality indoor air. 17Figure 11: The H
earst Tower
18. CONCLUSION Sky is the limit foremost learning of the project. The competition
for the tallest is never going to end. More ambitious projects are coming up aro
und the world including World One in Mumbai. The greed to make the tallest has c
ompromised the need to make a safe skyscraper. This was highlighted during 9/11
terror attacks on World Trade Center. The need for Green Skyscraper is immense t
o reduce impact on the environment. New generation engineers have a lot to innov
ate and make skyscrapers green and safe. 18
19. REFERENCES ? Thornton, Mark., Skyscrapers and Business cycles ? Mir M. Ali., E
volution of concrete structure . ? Das, M. M., Fluid Mechanics and Turbomachines , P
HI Learning Private Limited, 2012. ? Internet surfing ? www.pbs.org/wgbh/buildin
gbig/skyscraper: A website that discusses mega structures in the world. ? www.sk
yscraperpage.com: Skyscraper enthusiast website featuring buildings database and
discussion forum ? http://www.timesofindia.com : Daily Newspaper in India. 19