EXPERIMENT REPORT

MASS OF SUBSTANCES IN
CHEMICAL REACTION

GROUPV:
PUTRIMEGAANANDA

(123194205)

ZAIMATULUMAH

(123194232)

RADIANDANYAPRILIA

(123194236)

THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF SURABAYA

FACULTYOFMATHEMATICSANDNATURALSCIENCES
DEPARTMENTOFCHEMISTRY
2012

A. TITTLE

: MASS OF SUBSTANCES IN CHEMICAL

REACTION

B. DATE OF EXPERIMENT

: October, 16th 2012

C. PURPOSE

: Learning about Law of Mass Conservation

D. THEORY

The law of conservation of mass, also known as the Lomonosov-Lavoisier

law. Lomonosov-Lavoisier law is a law that states the mass of a closed system is
constant despite the wide range of processes in the system (in a closed system mass of
substances before and after the reaction is the same (fixed / constant)) . Statements
that are commonly used to express the law of conservation of mass is the mass can
change form but can not be created or destroyed. For a chemical process in a closed
system, the mass of the reactants must equal the mass of the product.
The law of conservation of mass is widely used in fields such as chemistry, chemical
engineering, mechanics, and fluid dynamics. Based on the science of special
relativity, conservation of mass is a statement of conservation of energy. The mass of
the particles that remain in a system equivalent to the energy momentum of its center.
In some instances the radiation, it is said that the apparent mass change into energy.
This occurs when an object is transformed into kinetic energy / potential energy and
vice versa. Since mass and energy related, in a system that gets / expend energy, the
mass in very small amounts will be created / missing from the system. However, in
almost all events that involve changes in energy, law of conservation of mass can be
used as mass changed very little.
Example of the law of conservation of mass
The law of conservation of mass can be seen in the reaction to the formation of
hydrogen and oxygen from water. When hydrogen and oxygen formed from 36 g of
water, then when the reaction takes place until all the water runs out, the masses will
be obtained product mixture of hydrogen and oxygen is 36 g. When the reaction still
leaves the water, the mass of a mixture of hydrogen, oxygen and water unreacted
fixed at 36 g.
History of Law of Conservation of Mass
Law of conservation of mass, formulated by Antoine Lavoisier in 1789. Because of

this result, it is often referred to as the father of modern chemistry. Earlier, Mikhail
Lomonosov (1748) also has proposed a similar idea and has been proven in
experiments. Previously, the conservation of mass, difficult to understand due to the
force of Earth's atmosphere buoyan. Once the style is understandable, the law of
conservation of mass to be of key importance in changing alchemy into modern
chemistry. When scientists understand that the compound has never lost when
measured, they began to study the quantitative transformation of compounds. This
study led to the idea that all the chemical processes and transformations take place in
a fixed amount of mass of each element.
The law of conservation states that a particular measurable property of an isolated
physical system does not change as the system changes. Here is a list of some of the
laws of conservation that never show inappropriate. (Actually, in general relativity,
energy, momentum, and angular momentum is not conserved because no general
curve time space "manifold" which does not have a murder to translational symmetry
or rotation).
Chemicals associated with the interaction of matter that could involve two substances
or between matter and energy, especially in relation to the first law of
thermodynamics. Traditional chemistry involves interactions between chemicals in a
chemical reaction, a change of one or more substances into one or more other
substances. Sometimes the reaction is driven by enthalpy considerations, such as
when two substances such high enthalpy elemental hydrogen and oxygen react to
form water, a substance with a lower enthalpy. Chemical reactions can be facilitated
with a catalyst, which is generally an other chemicals involved in the reaction media
but not consumed (eg : sulfuric acid which catalyzes the electrolysis of water) or
immaterial phenomena (such as electromagnetic radiation in photochemical
reactions). Also deal with traditional chemical analysis of chemical substances, both
inside and outside of a reaction, as in spectroscopy.

D. DESIGNOFEXPERIMENT

1.PICTURE SERIES OF EXPERIMENT

2. EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS :

Equipment :
Erlenmeyer

1 piece

Rubber cork

1 piece

Small test tube

1 piece

Yarn

40cm

Balance

1piece

Materials :
CuSO4

0,2 M

NaOH

0,2 M

10 ml

Pb(NO3)2 0,2 M

KI

10 ml

0,2 M

3. Experiment Steps

ml

ml

1. Pouring 10 ml of NaOH 0,2 M into Erlenmeyer, beside that pouring 5ml of

CuSO4 0,2 M into small test tube. Putting filled small test tube into the
Erlenmeyer (test tube hanged by yarn) then covered it with cork.
2. Balancing Erlenmeyer and its fill, then writing down the mass.
3. Canting small test tube so that both of substances are mixed. Observing what
happened after that.
4. Balancing Erlenmeyer and its fill, then writing down the mass (after
reaction).
5. Pouring 10 ml of KI 0,2 M into Erlenmeyer, beside that pouring 5ml of
Pb(NO3)2 0,2 M into small test tube. Putting filled small test tube into the
Erlenmeyer (test tube hanged by yarn) then covered it with cork.
6. Balancing Erlenmeyer and its fill, then writing down the mass.
7. Canting small test tube so that both of substances are mixed. Observing what
happened after that.
8. Balancing Erlenmeyer and its fill, then writing down the mass (after
reaction).

E.

PROCEDURE

10mlNaOH0.2M

5mlCuSO40.2M
Entered to Reaction tube

Entered to Erlenmeyer tube

ReactionTube
Bonded with yarn entered to
Erlenmeyer and closed the
mouth with rubber cork

ErlenmeyerFlask
Measure with ohausee balance
MassBeforeReaction
Write the mass
ReactionTube
Sloping the reaction tube, so both of the solution
can mix
ErlenmeyerFlask
Measure again with ohausee balance

MassBeforeReactionsameafterReaction

10mlKI0.2M

5mlPb(NO3)20.2M

ReactionTube

ErlenmeyerFlask

MassBeforeReaction

ReactionTube

ErlenmeyerFlask

MassBeforeReactionsameafterReaction

F. RESULT OF EXPERIMENT
No
1

Prosedure
10 ml
NaOH

0.2 M

5 ml
CuSO4
0.2 M

Reaction
Tube

Erlenmeyer Flask

Mass BeforeReaction

Result
Themassof

Reaction
2NaOHaq)+Cuso4(aq)

Conclution
Masscan

substancebefore

Na2SO4(aq)+

changeif

Cu(OH)2(s)

rubbercork

1.
andafterthe
2.
3. reactionaresame.

opened
Massnothing

Massbefore

willchange

reactionis154.4

despite

gramsandmass

denatureofthe

afterreactionis

exchange

154.4grams.

betweenthe
substanceof

ReactionTube

Erlenmeyer Flask

10 ml
5 ml
KI Mass Before Reaction Pb(NO3)2
0.2 M
0.2 M
same after Reaction

Reaction
Tube

Erlenmeyer Flask

Mass BeforeReaction

Inthereaction

thesystem.

producesedimen,

the

andthecolouris

conservation

youngblue.

lawofmass
provedwith

Thechangedof

resultofmass

colorareoccur.

beforereaction
samewith

Thecolourof

massafter

sedimen:darkblue.

reaction.

Thecolorof
NaOH:nocolour,
CuSO4::young

ReactionTube

blue
2NaOHaq)+

Erlenmeyer Flask

Mass Before Reaction

same after Reaction

Cuso4(aq)

(reactan)
Na2SO4(aq)
+Cu(OH)2(s)
(reaction)

2KI(aq)+Pb(NO3)2(aq) 2KNO3(aq)+PbI2(s)
(reactan)
2KNO3(aq)+PbI2(s)
(product)
Massbefore
reactionis155,8
gramsandmassof
thereaction155,8
grams
Thereisoccur
sedimentinthat
reactionandthe
sedimentand
reactioncoloris
yellow.
Thereisnocolorin
KIreaction
Pb(NO3)2havenot
color.
themassof
substancebefore
andafterreactionis
thesame.

2KI(aq)+Pb(NO3)2(aq)

F. ANALYSIS
To know about the mass of substance in chemical reaction, first we take 5 ml
of CuSO4 0,2 M in test tube while take 10 ml of NaOH 0,2 M in Erlenmeyer. Then
put test tube in Erlenmeyer (test tube hanged by yarn) then covered Erlenmeyer with
cork. And then we balance Erlenmeyer and its fill, then writing down the mass of it.
From the balance, we get the data that mass of it before reaction is 154,4grams. After
that, we react both of substance. Repeat to balance the mass after reaction and we get
the data that mass is the same with before, 154,4 grams. The chemical reaction is
CuSO4(aq)+2NaOH(aq) Na2SO4(aq)+Cu(OH)2(s)
For second experiment, we do it in the same way with first experiment. But,
we change CuSO4 with 5ml of Pb(NO3)2 0,2M and NaOH changed with 10 ml of KI
0,2M. From the experiment we get data that mass before reaction is 155,8 grams. And
after reaction the mass is same, 155, 8 grams. The chemical reaction is
2KI(aq)+Pb(NO3)2(s)2KNO3(aq)+PbI2(s)
G. DISCUSSION
To proof the Law of Conservation of Mass we do two experiments. First
experiment, we use CuSO4 react with NaOH. And the second experiment we react
Pb(NO3)2 with KI. From both of the result we know that there are nothing change
with the mass in chemical reaction (mass before reaction and mass after reaction). It
is because we covered the Erlenmeyer with cork, so the gasses that maybe produce
can not came out. In our experiment there is an accident because we spent lot of time
to balancing the balance, so that the color of our second experiment change become
dark green with sediment, but the change of color dosnt make effect to the mass of
reactions

H. CONCLUSION
Mass can change if rubber cork opened. Mass nothing will change despite
denature of the exchange between the substance of the system. The conservation law
of mass proved with result of mass before reaction same with mass after reaction.

I. ANSWER OF QUESTION
1

Law is a readily observable fact about something. It is something that is

obvious and undeniable.
Theory is an advanced hypothesis. An hypothesis is a plausible, testable
explanation of how a phenomenon works and why it works that way.

Theory Dalton said that the matter consist of atom that cant divided. Every
substance consist of atom with identical characteristic and mass, and the
substance formed if the atom of some element and collect in constant
composition.
And the law of conversion mass said mass before and after reaction is same.
So it caused atom cant be divided and has identical characteristic and mass so
mass before and after reaction is same.

When magnesium was burned, appear the reaction 2Mg + O2 2MgO

so, the mass of MgO is bigger than Mg, because there is mass increase of O2
to Mg

Experiment 1: CuSO4(aq)+2NaOH(aq) Na2SO4(aq) + Cu(OH)2(s)

Experiment 2: 2KI(aq)+Pb(NO3)2(s) 2KNO3(aq) + PbI2(s)

REFERENCE
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/chemical_reaction, 17 October 2012 at 18:59.
ariphudien.blogspot.com/2011/02/blog-post.html, Selasa, 15 Februari 2011
Tim Kima Dasar;(2010),Kimia Dasar 1, UNESA, Surabaya.

ATTACHMENT
No

Explanation

1.

Firstsettingofequipment

2.

Firstexperiment,materialsof
AgCO3andNaOH

Photo

3.

PlacedAgCO3andNaOHonthetube

5.

Resultthatproduceaftermixture
AgCO3andNaOH

5.

The substance become green with

sediment because to long waiting for
the measurement.

6.

Secondsettingofequipment

7.

Secondexperiment,materialsof
KIandPb(NO3)2

8.

ResultthatproduceaftermixtureKI
andPb(NO3)2