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1. Define NC system?
NC is defined as a form of programmable automation in which the process is controlled by
alphanumeric data.
2. What is MCU?
MCU is a hardware system which reads, interprets and translates the program of
instructions into mechanical action of machine tool.
3. List out any four advantage of using NC?
Increased flexibility.
Reduced setup time.
Production of complex part.
Elimination of special jigs and fixtures.
4. What are the limitations of using NC?
Relatively high price.
More complicated maintenance, a special crew is desirable.
Highly skilled and properly trained programmers are needed.
5. What are all the problems encountered with NC system?
Part programming mistakes.
Non-optional speeds and feeds.
Problem with punched tape and tape reader.
Problem with controller and management information.
6. Define CNC?
CNC is defined as a NC system that utilizes a dedicated, stored computer program to
perform some or the entire basic NC functions.
7. Write the main functions of CNC?
Machine tool control.
In-process compensation.
Improved programming and operating features.
Diagnostics
11. List the differences between open loop and closed loop control system?
Open loop control system
Closed loop control system
Feedback device is used
1. Feedback device is not used
Higher accuracy can be achieved.
2. Low accuracy.
More maintenance is needed
3. Low maintenance is required.
Cost of the equipment is high
4. Less expensive.
12. List any two advantages and disadvantages of open loop control system?
Advantages:
Low cost and less manual work.
Disadvantages:
Low accuracy.
28. What are the advantages of ball screws sideways over conventional sideways.
a. Ball screws have longer life.
b. Higher accuracy can be maintained.
c. Low frictional resistance and hence used for carrying heavier loads at faster rate.
d. Low power requirement for driving.
29. What is meant by feed drive? List the different types of feed drives.
Feed drive is used to provide motion to the slide as per the motion commands. Feed drives
are classified as follows:
I. Servo motors,
a. AC servo motor,
b. DC servo motor,
35. What are the different forms of Inductosyn? Where it is used and why?
Inductosyn are classified into:
Rotary encoder and Linear encoder.
Rotary form is used in precision servo systems on machine tools whereas linear forma are
used in automatic machine tool slide controls.
Reason: Inductosyn is a precision feedback device for the accurate measurement and
control of angles or distances with inductive coupling between conductors separated by a
small space
36. What is a rotary type encoder? Where it is used?
An encoder is a rotary transducer that provides continuous or discrete signal value of an
angular or linear movement. It is used in the CNC at the end of the slide screw directly or
through gearing timer belt.
37. What is the role of optical grating in CNC drive?
An optical grating is a glass strip marked with series of equally spaced transparent opaque
lines. They are used as transducers on machine tools. This is used to measure the position
of the table.
38. What is Inductosyn?
Inductosyn is a analogue type position back device which is used for the, measurement of
control angle and/or linear distance.
39. Write the various measures employed in CNC machine to minimize the structural
deformation.
To avoid the structural deformation, following precautions have to be considered.
a. Providing a proper design mild steel structure having higher stiffness.
b. Use of ribs, braces and plates to increase the stiffness of machine.
c. Providing large heat removing surfaces.
d. Use of excellent coolants.
e. Reduction of ambient temperature by using air conditioning units
40. Write the salient features of tooling system?
The following features should be considered before the selection of tooling.
a. Rigidity to withstand higher cutting forces
b. Rigidity to transmit the spindle power at higher speed.
c. Perform variety of cutting operations.
d. To keep down time
41. Define numerical control.
Numerical control is a form of programmable automation in which the mechanical action of
machine tool or other processing equipment are controlled by a program containing
alphanumeric data numbers, letters and symbols.
42. How tapes are standardized? List some of them.
Tape standardization covers two important categories.
a. Physical dimensions, and
b. Character coding.
e. FINI
58. What are the identifications needed to store a tool library?
a. Tool dimension details and
b. Tool assembly details.
59. Difference between 21/2 and 3 axes machine.
a. 21/2 axis machining implies that the machine movements are in planes parallel to the X-Y
plane.
b. 3 axes machining implies that machine movements are in all the 3 axes (X, Y and Z)
60. What is the role of computer aided part programming?
The role of computers in CAPP is as follows:
a. Input translation
b. Arithmetic calculations
c. Cutter offset compensators
d. Post processor.