Professional Documents
Culture Documents
The ONLE
3
Conjugate Vaccine
Membranous Inflammation :
Steptococcus pyogenes
Opportunistic Pathogen :
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM)
Escherichia & E. coli (*certain strains)
Klebsiella
Proteus
Citrobacter
Enterobacter
Serratia
Cryptococcus neoformans
Motile Bacteria :
Listeria
Clostridium tetani
Clostridium botulinum
Escherichia coli
Citrobacter
Enterobacter
Serratia
Salmonella
Proteus
Providencia
Morganella
Pseudomonas
Vibrio cholerae
Campylobacter
Aeromonas
Helicobacter
Legionella
Spirochaetes
Borrelia
Leptospira
Carriers :
Bacterial :
Viral :
Staphylococcus aureus (more than 40% in adults are Nasal Carriers)
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
Streptococcus agalactiae (25% of pregnant women are Vaginal Carriers)
Poliovirus
Streptococcus pneumoniae ( of adults are Nasopharynx Carriers)
Neisseria meningitidis (5-30% of healthy population are Nasopharynx Carriers)
Corynebacterium diphtheriae (Throat Carriers)
Listeria (about 10% of humans may be Intestinal Carriers of L. monocytogenes)
Salmonella
Shigella
Food Poisoning :
Staphylococcus aureus
Listeria monocytogenes
Bacillus cereus
Clostridium perfringens
Clostridium botulinum
Salmonella ( S. Enteritidis & S. Typhimurium ) << * No Toxin
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Heat-Stable Enterotoxin
Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin
Bacillus cereus Enterotoxin in Emetic Form Food Posoning
Enterobacteriaceae
Lactose Fermenters :
Escherichia coli
Klebsiella
Citrobacter
Enterobacter
Lactose Non-Fermenters :
Salmonella
Shigella * except S. sonnei Late Lactose Fermenters
Proteus
Yersinia
Viral :
Hepatitis A Virus (HAV)
Hepatitis E Virus (HEV)
Rubella ( German Measles )
Influenza Viruses
* if there is no other complication
Adenoviruses
Corynebacterium diphtheriae :
predictable DT or adult Td Vaccine / The Triple (DPT) Vaccine :
Diphtheria Toxoid
- composition : Toxoid C. diphtheriae + Aluminum Salt ( Adjuvant )
- preparation : growing Toxigenic C. diphtheria in a liquid medium then incubated with Formaldehyde to convert it to
Toxoid .. it adsorbed onto an Aluminum Salt
- route of administration : Intramuscular injection
Vaccine schedule :
2,4,6, and 18 months of age with a booster dose at school entry (6 years)
a booster dose is recommended every 10 years
for close contacts, a booster dose of Diphtheria Toxoid should be given + Antibiotics
Diphtheria Toxoid alone is not available.
its combined with Tetanus Toxoid ( pediatric DT or adult Td )
or with both Tetanus Toxoid & Pertussis Vaccine ( DPT )
Clostridium tetani :
The Triple (DPT) Vaccine :
Tetanus Toxoid
- composition : Tetanus Toxoid + Aluminum Salt ( Adjuvant )
- preparation : treatment of the Exotoxin with Formaldehyde & addition of Aluminum Salt ( Adjuvant )
- route of administration : Intramuscular injection
Vaccine schedule :
2,4,6 months of age and with a booster dose at 18 months & school entry (6 years)
a booster dose is recommended every 10 years ,
more frequent booster are Unnecessary & may cause Hypersensitivity reaction
Is given to :
Infants in the 1st year of life
People at high risk e.g. military personnel
Pregnant Females to prevent Tetanus Neonatorum
A booster dose is given to wounded people with a history of vaccination more than 5 years & less than 10 years ago
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Bacille Calmette-Gurin (BCG) Vaccine :
Live attenuated vaccine
- composition : Live attenuated vaccine prepared from M. bovis
- route of administration : Intradermally .. in the skin over the Left Deltoid Region
Is given to : Newborns
Salmonella
TAB Vaccine :
Heat Killed vaccine
- composition : Salmonella Typhi + Salmonella Para-Typhi A + Salmonella Para-Typhi B
- preparation : killing the organisms at 60C for 30 Min. with 0.5% Phenol added as Preservative to avoid
contamination
- route of administration : SubCutaneous (S.C.)
Vaccine schedule :
2 S.C. doses 0.5 ml. & 1 ml. with One Month interval, then a booster dose some months later
Acetone-Killed bacterial suspension of Salmonella Typhi :
Vaccine schedule :
2 S.C. doses followed by a booster dose some months later
Oral Typhoid Vaccine :
Vi Capsular Polysaccharide of S. Typhi :
Live Avirulent Mutant strain of S. Typhi
- route of administration : Orally
- route of administration : Intramuscular injection
Vibrio cholerae :
Cholera (Kolls) Vaccine :
Whole Cell/B Subunit Vaccine :
- composition : Killed Bacteria
- composition : Killed Bacteria + B Subunit of Cholera Toxin
- route of administration : Intramuscular injection - route of administration : Orally
Vaccine
Live attenuated Vaccine :
- Produce Toxin
- route of administration : Orally
- Dont Invade Bloodstream
Haemophilus influenzae :
H. influenzae type b Vaccine :
Protein Conjugate vaccines
- composition : Capsular Polysaccharide Complex + Protein Carrier
Recommended to :
Children less than 2 Years
Bordetella pertussis :
Killed Whole Cell Vaccine :
Heat Killed vaccine
- route of administration : Intramuscular injection
- Vaccine schedule :
2,4,6, and 18 months of age withOUT a booster dose
Why the value of the whole cell vaccine has been questioned ?
1- about 20% of the children that recive it experience Mild Side Effects
2- very small number of cases Sever or Irreversible Brain Damage may occur
Acellular Vaccine :
Recombinant Vaccine
- composition :
Pertussis Toxoid Genetically Inactivated Toxin + Filamentous Haemagglutinin + Other Virulence Factors
- route of administration : Intramuscular injection
- Vaccine schedule :
2,4,6, and 18 months of age withOUT a booster dose
Why acellular vaccine is currently recommended for use combined with diphtheria & tetanus toxoid as DTaP ?
due to its Fewer Side Effects than the whole cell vaccine
Coxiella :
Q Fever (Q-Vax) Vaccine :
Whole Cell Inactivated Vaccine
- composition : Killed, Purified Phase I Coxiella burnetii whole Cells
Recommended to :
People at risk
Bacteria that cause Cellulitis :
Steptococcus pyogenes
Clostridium perfringens
Aeromonas hydrophila
Diseases transmitted by Ingestion of Milk from infected animal :
Bovine tuberculosis .. Mycobacterium bovis
Brucellosis or Malta Fever or Undulant Fever.. [ Brucella abortus & Brucella melitensis & Brucella suis ]
Q Fever .. Coxiella burnetii
* The ONLY Exo-toxin which is NOT Protein in nature :
Tracheal Cyto-Toxin (TCT) .. Peptidoglycan fragment
Bacteria that have IgA1 protease :
Neisseria
Haemophilus influenzae
Organisms
Staphylococcus aureus
STREPTOCOCCUS :
Steptococcus pyogenes
Streptococcus agalactiae
Viridans Streptococci
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Culture Media
- Mannitol Salt Agar
- Blood Agar
- Nutrient Agar
- Blood Agar
Brucella
Legionella
Treponema pallidum
Borrelia
Leptospira
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Chlamydia
Coxiella
Rickettsia
Mycology
Dark-Field
Microscopy
or
Phase Contrast
Microscopy
Wet
Unstained
Preparation
Giemsa or
Leishman Stain
Bacterial Vaginosis
- Gardnerella vaginalis
Leprosy
- Mycobacterium leprae
Wet
Unstained
Preparation
Dark-Field
Microscopy
Wet Mount
Ordinary
Microscopy
Fluorescein
Immunoflurescence
Non-Immunogenic Capsule :
Neisseria meningitides .. Group B
Bacillus anthracis Capsule
Hyaluronic Acid Capsule of Streptococcus pyogenes
Bacteria which cause Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome (HUS) :
Escherichia coli
Shigella dysentery serotype 1
Morphology :
Why its
Sufficient:
Highly Motile organisms
Because there
with Flat & Helical Waves is Characteristic
Symptoms
[ I.P. 2 days 2
weeks
&
Fever
for 3-7
days ]
Gram ve Diplococci ,
Male has No
Kidney shaped intraDischarge,
cellular
NO Flora
Gram ve Fusiform
Due to its
Bacilli & Spirochaetes +
Characteristic
Pus Cells
Appearance
Vaginal Epithelium Cells
Due to its
Clue Cells covered with Characteristic
G. vaginalis bacilli, and
Appearance
[ Clue Cells ]
almost absence of
Lactobacilli
Blue background with
Pink Globi Acid Fast
Bacilli in Bundles
Organism
Slender Spirochaetes,
CanNOT be
Regular Coils with Pointe
cultivated InEnds
Vitro
Characteristic Rapid
Corckscrew Movement
Curved Bacilli with
Darting Movement
Fluorescent Rods in Dark
background
In Endemic
area + its
Dangerous
Diseases
Test :
Tuberculin Skin
Test (TST)
Widal Test
For :
Human
Tuberculosis
Enteric Fever
The Lepromin
Skin Test
Standard Tube
Agglutination
Test (STAT) for
total antibody
(IgG + IgM)
Leprosy
NonTreponemal
Tests
Syphilis
Cold Agglutinin
Mycoplasma
pneumoniae
infections
Undulant
Fever
Significance of Test :