Urban Sociology Sofia's Writings

Topics:
1 Introduction to Urban Sociology
2 Idea, caracterization of the country the 50's (film)
3 Chicago School where sociology is born
4 Marxist Theory of the city
1 Introduction/ Emergende/ Appearing of Social Sciences
2 Peter Berger What is sociology?
3 Firmino da Costa O que a sociologia?
Social Sciences:
Sociology
Psychology
Economy
History
Geography
Philosophy human science studies society but is humanities
sciences
Normo-tcniques?? sciences make laws
natural sciences biology, physics
social sciences modernity french revolution 1789 industrial
revolution...
Modernity is at first the individual who releases himself from the whole
social, allowing him to take the society as an observation field
individual doesn't belong to a group anymore
society individual individuals
value of the individual separated from the society
Autors:
peter berger
Tony Judt
Marc Aug
Richard Benneth

Mark Davis not in the test

Firmino da Costa
Texts:
Death and Life of cities Jane Jacobs
Urban Sociology My Writings

Sociology Peter Berger

about Portugal 50's film
globalization tony judt
Chicago School
Marxist Theory about the city
Lefevre and the city
Marc Aug and the city
Richard Senett
Sigmund Bowman
Mike Davis
Marx and Engels

Mike Davis not in the exanimation

1. Rising of Social Sciences
2. Peter Berger and what is Sociology
3. Firmino da Costa
mathematical sciences elaborate/create laws
social sciences sociology. Economy, geography, history, psycology
Appear in modernity after french revolution 1789 and after
industrial revolution
Modernity is at first the individual which releases from a social, allowing
him take society as a field of observation.
No longer is seen as a colectivity
society is a group of individuals, separate from one another
observation from the exterior to do social sciences.

Multiple societies the individual doesn't count but the general

lurking/ researching for a scientific explanation to explain societies
final of 18th century mentality that we are all equal
Social Sciences Science - 20th century development
Politics
natural sciences approach mentality of an historical directed evolution
consider social facts as things! (wtv that means)
As there is a law to the species there's also a law to the societies.
Positivism pretends to equal social sciences with natural sciences
19th century progress development means we're directed in a
better way
Peter Berger, society is a prison
There can't be a society without prison, even we are enprisoned, we can
be free.
Berger social control
social status
violence laws
socialization learning process of norms and society values.
Rupture moments
socialization primary since birth
secundary rupture moments/points
social stratification social class
belonging to a class restrains me

social class:
economical capital money
cultural capital schooling level
social capital social relationships with others
simbolic capital the way we live through some acts (ex. Marriage)
Karl Marx simbolic germany first half 19th century
Demographic tendences:
natality rate taxa de natalidade
mortality rate taxa de mortalidade
fecundity rate taxa de fecundidade
migratory ___ - saldo migratrio
population aging rate envelhecimento da populaao
Portugal between changing and continuiy
60's Salazar youngest country in Europe
one thing is having an idea another is a cientific work
1.33

children low but allows generation propagation

crisis unemploymenmt lack of independent life

real rate of schooling advanced courses
watch out for statistics
Portugal 1960 1990
Indicators similar europe:

natality
aging
medium urban classes weight
female acivity rate value

indicators not similar with europeen standards:

low scholar qualification level (taxa de alfabetismo)
low professional qualifications level
social exclusion forms new poberty

Sociology: Q&A
Science with which we are not familiarized appears in the final of the
19th century and beggining of 20th century
what's the sociologists purpose? What do they do?
Associated with letters (letras) humanities areas he is critic and
questions things
usually related with the left politics esquerda
sociology in Portugal before the regime's fall (25th April 1974) there
isnt' any
only after the regime
reflexability that is always questioning itself
face it as social fact
analizing a social fact analising a fact is analising some certain social
facts
think reality as a social fact
context is diferrent from relationships must insert in a space and
context in a time capitalist world right now
the writings about the videos I had sent you before
importance of elder people in society changed society
we have to context sociology in space and time
reflexability sociology keeps questioning herself
sociology tries to understand the meaning that people give to their
actions
sociology tries to find the meaning and also the peoples opinion about
it

ciences try to know why things happen sociology wants to know why
some social things happen its causes
sociology instruments : theory and methods
the sociologist has to enter rupture with the culture he is studying
get a distant look
he needs to study the common sense (kind of opposite ideas)
sociology techniques direct observation
participating observation
interviews
question forms
exploratory interview
documents ans statistics analysis
question forms many people, not the full universe but a significant
sample
the results from the sample ilustrate the universe
exploratory interview small number
interviews: directive form direct questions
semi-directive not a rigid question form
non-directive questions not planned
information retrieval techniques.
Theories belong to an existing knowledge board
Antnio Barreto - begins analysing Portugal before 60's
3 phases:
1960 1973
1974 1985 fall of the regime
1986 1995 - entering the EU

60's low salaries there's work economic balance balanced

turism civil construction
salazar dies marcelo Caetano 1 Primavera Marcelista
emigration
militar service
female activity raise
television
entry of women in the work market
early in Portugal compared with the south of Europe
due lack of handwork colonial war
war great problem gets to 25th April due to militars and lack of freedom Portugal closed to the world
Spnola war has no meaning
70's
migrations retornados :brasilian immigrants
1st time immigration bigger than emigration
fall of the regime finishing PIDE
nationalization of great companies
cooperatives Alentejo
80's
obrigatory schooling
EU economic help
retrocess in economy re-privatization of big companies
Chicago School
The great Metropolis men vs. The small city men
money absrtract value allows to exchange all importance
racionality
relationship

According to Zimmel - The factors which allowed the ways of living, and
precision of the world, led to the convergence in an unpersonal structure
and at the same time in a personal direction. (Simmel, date, p. 34/35)
the city is organized in a very unpersonal way services
at the same time we have more freedom, more options of choice
metropolis is a place contaminated with the burgeosie place of market
and trade
city life indiference besides the environment besides others
example
city time vs rural time
social life vs individual life
in the metropolisfor the individual to feel free he needs attitude, reserve
and indiference (Simmel, bla bla bla)
Urbanism as a way of life text 1938
Louis Wirth also worried with the city
Chicago School
usually when we speak about city we define it
a city can be defined by aggregate in relationship
primary contacs family
secundary contacts external
utilitary/rational relationship with others
bauman
passage productive society to consumist fragmentation and
individuality
individual redifine - identity
Each one builds or creates his own path

two irreversible things globalization: new tech and environment

matters
politics and power divorce questions democracy
public/private
safety/freedom
destiny/character
milton santos
globalization technique
individualism
competitivity different from competition
socialist society diferent from capitalist society
consumer diferent from citizen
future