MEM05 Metal and Engineering

Training Package

PL
E

MEM05037C
Perform geometric development

Learner guide

SA

Version 2

Training and Education Support

Industry Skills Unit
Meadowbank

Product code: 5404

MEM05037C Perform geometric development

Acknowledgement
The TAFE NSW Training and Education Support Industry Skills Unit, Meadowbank would like to
acknowledge the support and assistance of the following people in the production of this learner
resource guide:
Kockhams Industries
W.E. Smith Engineering Pty Ltd
Redimix concrete

Writers:

Paul Leete (North Coast Institute)

TAFE NSW

Reviewers:

PL

Neil Smith (Illwarra Institute)

Jim Miles (Contractor)
John Sharples (Illawarra Institute)
Murray McGregor (New England Institute)

Project Manager:

Enquiries

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Stephen Davies
Education Programs Manager
TAFE NSW

Enquiries about this and other publications can be made to:

Training and Education Support Industry Skills Unit, Meadowbank

Meadowbank TAFE
Level 3, Building J,
See Street,
MEADOWBANK NSW 2114
Tel: 02-9942 3200 Fax: 02-9942 3257

The State of New South Wales, Department of Education and Training, TAFE NSW,
Training and Education Support Industry Skills Unit, Meadowbank, 2011

Copyright of this material is reserved to TAFE NSW Training and Education Support Industry Skills Unit,
Meadowbank. Reproduction or transmittal in whole or in part, other than for the purposes of private
study or research, and subject to the provisions of the Copyright Act, is prohibited without the written
authority of, TAFE NSW Training and Education Support Industry Skills Unit, Meadowbank.

ISBN 978 1 74236 228 1

Developed by Training & Education Support Industry Skills Unit, Meadowbank

TAFE NSW 2011

MEM05037C Perform geometric development

Table of Contents
Topic 3: Radial line development ......................................................................... 55

1. General introduction ......................................................................................................... 5

Pattern development for conical sections ............................................................................... 58

2. Using this learner guide .................................................................................................... 5

Review questions ............................................................................................................... 61

3. Prior knowledge and experience ......................................................................................... 6

Pattern allowances ............................................................................................................. 63

4. Unit of competency overview ............................................................................................. 6

Pattern development using calculations ................................................................................. 67

5. Assessment ..................................................................................................................... 7

Calculating material sizes for patterns ................................................................................... 71

Introduction to unit .............................................................................................................. 8

Truncated right cones ......................................................................................................... 72

Introduction .......................................................................................................... 5

Development of truncated right cone .................................................................................... 73

Topic 1 - Geometric methods and terminology .................................................... 11

Method 1: Parallel line development ..................................................................................... 11

Review questions ............................................................................................................... 81

Topic 4: Triangulation development ................................................................... 83

Method 3: Triangulation development ................................................................................... 12

How to develop a pattern for a square to round transition ........................................................ 86

Review questions ............................................................................................................... 13

Pattern allowance ............................................................................................................... 90

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Method 2: Radial line development ....................................................................................... 11

Triangulation for radius corner transitions .............................................................................. 94

Topic 2: Parallel line development ....................................................................... 15

Review questions ............................................................................................................. 104

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How to mark out a pattern .................................................................................................. 18

Labelling and storage of templates ....................................................................................... 23

Resource Evaluation Form ................................................................................. 107

Truncated rectangular prism ................................................................................................ 24

Truncated cylinder .............................................................................................................. 26
Pattern allowances ............................................................................................................ 29
Review questions ............................................................................................................... 31

True lengths .................................................................................................................... 32

Rectangular elbow .............................................................................................................. 34

45 Cylindrical elbow .......................................................................................................... 37
4 segment 90 lobsterback .................................................................................................. 40

Cylindrical branch connections ............................................................................................. 44

Pattern allowances for branch connections ............................................................................. 46
Inclined cylindrical branch connection ................................................................................... 49
Inclined rectangular branch connection ................................................................................. 51

Developed by Training & Education Support Industry Skills Unit, Meadowbank

TAFE NSW 2011

MEM05037C Perform geometric development

Topic 1 - Geometric methods and terminology

Method 2: Radial line development

A tradesperson can develop true detailed patterns of geometric shapes using the principles of
mathematics and geometry in particular. Three of the most common geometric development methods
are:

parallel line
radial line
triangulation

It uses radial lines to develop patterns of pyramids and conical shapes. Generator lines radiate from the
apex of the pyramid or cone.
These lines are used to develop the pattern or stretch-out.
Pyramids

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It uses a series of parallel lines to develop a square, rectangular and cylindrical shapes. The patterns of
these shapes are shown when they are unfolded or rolled out flat. They are often referred to as "stretch
outs"

Method 1: Parallel line development

Stretch out

Rectangular prisms

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Cones

Stretch out

Cylinders

Page 11 of 110

Apex

MEM05037C Perform geometric development

Method 3: Triangulation development

Terminology used for shapes

Uses a series of adjoining triangles to develop patterns of irregular shaped transition pieces.
Top

Curved surface
Axis

Parallel
Generator
Line

Axis
Radial
Generator
Line

Curved
surface

Base

Base

Square to round transition

piece with round corners

Half transition

Cones

Apex

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Square to round
transition piece

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Cylinder

Half transition

Page 12 of 110

Slant edge

Axis

Triangular
curved surface

Triangular
surface

Flat triangular
surface

Base

Joint/Seam
Base edge

Pyramid

Base edge
Generator line

Transition piece

MEM05037C Perform geometric development

Review questions
8. What is the shape of each end of a typical transition piece?

These questions will help you revise what you have learnt in topic 1, geometric methods and
terminology.

_____________________________________________________________________________

Geometric development
1. List three (3) common methods of geometric development:
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________
2. Name a shape produced by each of these methods:
________________________________________________________________________

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________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________
3. Give one (1) example for each method of a finished article:

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

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________________________________________________________________________

4. Name a finished article that needed the use of more than one geometric development method:
__________________________________________________________________________
5. The unfolded or unrolled pattern is called the: (Circle your answer)
a. Prism

b. flat surface

c. stretch out

6. The generator lines on a cone radiate from the:

a. point

b. apex

c. base

d. cylinder

d. axis

7. Which statement best describes the term parallel:

a.
b.
c.
d.

starting from common point

series of adjoining triangles
two lines equal distance apart
generator lines

Page 13 of 110

MEM05037C Perform geometric development

Topic 2: Parallel line development

Drawing interpretation and calculations

To mark out a pattern for a rectangular prism or cylinder, we need to calculate the perimeter or
circumference of the article.

Parallel line development is used

to develop rectangular and cylindrical
shapes.

Remember, a pattern is simply the article unfolded or unrolled. This unfolded length is often called the
stretch-out length of the pattern blank. (See examples below)
The square prism stretch-out length is the sum of all 4 sides.

pr

ism

are

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PL

sq

Seam

Square prism
(X = Y)

d
en

lin

d
en

lin

n
Be

in
dl

Cylinder stretch out length is equal to its circumference

Circumference = diameter x 3.1416 ( )
r

de

lin

Cy

Cir

Seam
St

Page 15 of 110

re

tch

-o

ut

cu

mf

er

en

ce

of

cy

lin

de

MEM05037C Perform geometric development

Student exercises - Drawing interpretation and calculations

Exercise 2.1
Calculate the stretch-out length of the square prism and fill in the other missing dimensions on the
stretch-out.

Exercise 2.2
Calculate the stretch-out length of the rectangular prism and fill in the other missing dimensions on the
stretch-out
Rectangular prism

Square Prism
200
ism

Seam

Top view

in
dl
en

Be

nd

ine

Front view

Right side view

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350

Be

lin
nd

Be

Stretch-out

Page 16 of 110

450
Front view

nd

lin

n
Be

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Top view
Square prism
(X = Y)

Seam

in
dl

Be

380

pr

200

sq

are

200
Right side view

Stretch-out

nd

lin