Professional Documents
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PERCENTAGES
A) Expressing Percentages as the
Number of Parts in every 100
1. The symbol for percentage is %.
2. A percentage is a fraction in which the
denominator is 100.
For example :9 = 9%
100
32 = 32%
100
3. Convercely, percentages can be expressed
as fractions.
For example :24 = 24%
100
122 = 122%
100
Worked Example
Express each of the following as a percentage.
(a) 72
100
(b) 102
100
Solution
(a) 72 = 72%
100
(b) 102 = 102%
100
Worked Example
Convert the following to fraction with 100
as their denominators.
(a) 6%
(b) 75%
Solution
(a) 6% = 6
100
(b) 75% = 75
100
(a) 1
2
(b)
200
Solution
(a) 1 = 1 x 100
2 2
Worked Example
Convert each of the following to a fraction.
(a) 0. 6
(b) 1. 02
Solution
(a) 0. 6 = 0. 6 x 100%
= 60%
(b) 1. 02 = 1. 02 x 100%
= 102%
When converting a percentage to a fraction or a
decimal, first change the percentage to a fraction
with 100 as its denominator.
Worked Example
Convert each of the following to a fraction.
(a) 140%
Solution
Worked Example
Convert the following to decimals.
(a) 55%
(b) 324%
Solution
(a) 55% = 55
100
= 0.55
(b) 324% = 324
100
= 3. 24
5 1 % of 600,
2
value is 12.
Solution
E) Problem Solving
i - Finding the change in value and the final
value
1.To find the increase in value, use the
formula below :
Worked Example
The population of a villlage was 2 000. It has
increased by 10% after 5 years. Find the new
population of the village.
Solution
1. Understand the problem
Given information :
Number of population = 2 000
Percentage of increase = 10%
Find : The new population
2. Devise a plan
Find the increase in population, then add
to the number of population.
3. Carry out the plan
Increase in population
= 10% of 2 000
= 200 people
Therefore, the new population of the village
is 2 200 people.
4. Check
Worked Example
A vessel contained 80 liters of water. 30% of water
was used. Find
(a) the amount of water used,
(b) the amount of water left.
Solution
(a) Amount of water used
= 24 liters
4. Amount of water left
= 80 liters - 24 liters
= 56 liters
ii) Finding the original value when given the
percentage change and the final value
Worked Example
After a 20% decrease in mass, a boy weights 40
kg. Find his mass before the decrease.
Solution
1. Understand the problem
Given information :
Percentage of decrease = 20%
Final value = 40 kg
Find : The mass before the degrease
2. Devise a plan
Use the unitary method.
3. Carry out the plan
New mass is 80% of old mass = 40 kg
1% = 40 kg
80
= 50 kg
4. Check
Percentage of decrease
Worked Example
The profit made on the sale of a camera
is 12% of the cost price. If the cost price
= RM270
60
Check :
Selling price = 60% * RM450
Worked Example
Puan Asniza took a bank loan RM8 000. If the
simple interest paid is RM1 280 for 2 years,
calculate the simple interest rate.
Solution
1. Understand the problem
Given information :
Principal = RM8 000
Simple interest = RM1 280
Time = 2 years
Find : The simple interest rate
2. Devise a plan
Use simple interest rate formula.
3. Carry out the plan
Worked Example
Jacky put his money in a bank to earn a
simple interest at a rate of
1% a year.
2
How much money did he put in if he gets
an interest of RM765 in 3 years ?
Solution
Simple interest for 1 year
v) Finding dividends
1. Dividend is a part of the profit that a
company gives to its shareholders.
2. Dividend and percentage of dividend
can be calculate by using the formulae:
Worked Example
A company pays 6% dividend. Find the dividend
Chong receives for a RM7 000 investment.
Solution
Worked Example
Kasim receives a dividend of RM5 500 on his
investment of RM50 000 in a company. Find
the percentage of dividend declared by the
company.
Solution
Percentage of dividend
=
Dividend __ x 100%
Amount invested
Worked Example
As a salesman, Dewi gets a commission of 5%
on the sale value of a jewellery sold at price of
RM6 000. What is the commission she gets ?
Solution
1. Understand the problem
Given information :
Percentage of commission = 5%
Total sales value RM6 000
Find : The commission
2. Devise a plan
Use commission formulae.
3. Carry out the plan
Commission = Percentage of x Total sales
commission
value
Worked Example
Ah Wah received RM7 360 as commission for a
RM92 000 house he sold. What is the percentage
of his commission ?
Solution
Percentage of commission
=
Commission x 100%
Total sales value
Worked Example
The original price of a television set is RM2 000.
It is sold for RM1 700 after a discount. Find the
percentage of discount given.
Solution
1. Understand the problem
Given information :
Original price = RM2 000
Selling price = RM1 700
Find : The persentage of discount
2. Devise a plan
Find the discount, then use percentage of
discount formulae.
3. Carry out the plan
Discount = Original price - Selling price
= RM2 000 - RM1 700
= RM300
percentage of discount
=
Discount x 100%
Original price
Worked Example
Find the original price of a book if it is sold for
RM48 after a 40% discount.
Solution