(AUTONOMOUS)

Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad

ASSIGNMENT QUESTION BANK
Name of the subject: Microprocessor And Interfacing
B.Tech
Subject Code: A1423
Semester: VI
Common for: ECE & EEE

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PART-A(2 Mark Questions)

Unit-I
List out the major features of 8086 Microprocessors
What is the function of flag registers in 8086?
How physical address is generated in 8086?
Explain the advantage of using memory segmentation?
How does queue speed up processing?
What do you mean by index registers?
What are the functions of SI and DI registers
What are the functions of BIU?
Explain about timing and control unit in 8086?
List out the sequence of signals that occurs on address bus and data bus when microprocessor
fetches an instruction
Explain, why 8086 internal architecture is divided into BIU and EU? Discuss the A-bus, B-bus and Cbus and their use.
List the internal registers in 8086 Microprocessor.
What are the advantages of pipelining?
What physical address is represented by :
(a)4370:561EH (b) 7A32:0028H
Explain the roles of pins
,
.
How do you configure 8086 into minimum and maximum modes?
What is the function of the BHE and ALE signals in 8086?
Which are the pins of 8086 that are to be connected to 8087 and explain their functions?
Define microprocessors?
What are the functions of bus interface unit (BIU) in 8086?
State the significance of LOCK signal in 8086.
Define pipelining.
What is the function of a segment register in 8086?
How many operating modes does 8086 have?
What physical address is represented by: (i) 4370 : 561E H (ii) 7A32 : 0028 H
What is the purpose of MN/Mx pin? Explain.
What are the function of S3 and S4 Status signal of 8080 microprocessor
Unit-II
Define relative memory addressing
Explain the use of push and pop instruction in 8086
What is the function of stack pointer?
What is different between inter segment and intra segment jump instructions in 8086?
What is the difference between near CALL and far CALL instructions
What do you mean by DOS function call?
State the difference between machine language and assembly language
What is macro ?what are the advantages of macro?

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Explain the function of XLAT and CWD instructions in 8086

Explain the two techniques to convert binary data to ASCII
Explain DAA, DAS instructions with examples.
Explain the instructions related to arithmetic and logical shift.
How REP instruction is used along with string instructions.
What is the length of bytes reserved for the following directive STORE DW 100 DUP (0)
What is the difference between ENDS and ENDP directives?
Write the operation performed by the 8086 when it executes the XLAT instruction. What is the use
of XLAT?
Write the function of the assembler directives BYTE PTR and WORD PTR.
If AL contains A0H , what happens when the instruction CBW is executed?
What does the following statement do STRING DB LATIN?
Explain IN and OUT instructions.
Explain ALIGN & ASSUME.
Explain PTR & GROUP.
How do you set and clear direction flag?
Explain how to set and clear trap flag.
Write a program to check a number is odd or even number.
Explain the difference between RET and IRET instruction.
Explain the difference between MOVS and MOVSB instruction.
Unit-III
Define the term 'address decoding' with respect to memory.
Distinguish between static and dynamic RAM with examples.
What is meant by interfacing ?Explain the brief description of PPI
What do you mean by mode set control word and bit set/reset control word in 8255?
What do you mean by mode 1 input operation in 8255?
What is the importance of the BSR mode of the 8255?
What do mean by the step angle of a stepper motor?
Describe the three major tasks needed to get meaningful information from a matrix keyboard?
Name a few applications of the stepper motor. Why cannot DC motors be used here?
For a double-handshake data transfer,
(a)Indicate which signal is asserted by the sender and which signal is asserted by the
receiver.
(b) Describe the meaning of each of the signal transitions.
What is the purpose of CE or CS pin on a memory component?
What is the purpose of BHE and A0 pins on the 8086 microprocessor?
Illustrate the different modes of operation of 8255.
Why are the port lines of programmable port devices automatically put in the input mode when the
device is first powered up or reset?
What is BSR mode of operation? How it is useful in controlling the interrupt initiated data transfer
for mode 1 and mode 2
An 8255A has a system base address of FFF9H.What are the system addresses for the three ports
and the control register for this 8255A ?
Sketch a diagram for Keyboard matrix that contains 4 rows and 4 columns and explain the interfacing
steps of 4 x 4 keyboard with 8086?
Explain with a neat diagram and flowchart interfacing of stepper motor to microprocessor.
Explain how an ADC can be interfaced to a microprocessor? Give the required instruction sequence
to acquire one sample from ADC.
Define Memory mapped I/O?
Define absolute decoding and partial decoding?
List the operating modes of 8255A PPI?
Write the control word format in the BSR mode?
What is the purpose for scan section in keyboard interface?
To interface an A/D converter with the microprocessor, what does the
microprocessor do?
Explain the function of handshaking
Write a circuit diagram to drive single 7 segment LED display with 7447

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Name two types of drives used for driving stepper motor

Unit-IV
Why are the interrupt and trap flags cleared as part of the interrupt response?
Explain the term 'interrupt service routine'.
List out a few BIOS functions used for display activation.
Describe the purpose of 8086 interrupt vector table.
State the difference between maskable and non-maskable interrupts.
What is the major difference between page mode operation and static mode operation of a bank of
DRAMs?
Explain about signal transfer mode in DMA
Why DMA controlled data transfers are faster than doing the same data transfer with program
instruction ?
What is the need of DMA in microprocessor based system?
Write 8086 ALP to set the TRAP flag
List and describe in general terms, the steps an 8086 will take when it responds to an interrupt.
Describe the purpose of the 8086 interrupt-vector table.
Why is it necessary to PUSH all registers used in the procedure at the start of an interrupt service
procedure and to POP them at the end of the procedure?
Why you must use an IRET instruction rather than the regular RET instruction at the end of an
interrupt service procedure.
Explain functionality and use of Interrupt Request Register and In Service Registers of 8259.
Why is it necessary to send an End-of-Interrupt (EOI) command to an 8259A at some time in an
interrupt-service routine?
Describe how the control bus signals are produced for an 8086 system operating in maximum mode.
Why is DMA data transfer faster than doing the same data transfer with program instructions?
Setup 8254 as square wave generator with a 1ms period, if input frequency to 8254 is 1MHz.
With respect to microcomputers, List all the counter/ timer functions which are common and which
can be implemented with 8254 and elaborate?
What are the control signals used between DMA controller and 8086 microprocessors while it
transfers data between memory and I/O
What events occurs whenever an interrupt is detected
What are 8086 interrupt types?
Explain in general why interrupt priorities are required.
Explain the action taken by 8086 when NMI pin is activated.
Write the control word format of 8254.
What is pin number of mn/mx?
Which is as DOs mode interrupt?
What is address of interrupt service routine for type 3 interrupt?
Unit-V
Distinguish between synchronous and asynchronous serial data transmission techniques.
Explain about the three errors in asynchronous serial transmission
What are the steps involved in initializing 8251A for synchronous operation?
Explain the terms baud rate, framing error and over run error
Give the specifications of RS-232C
What is the difference between 20mA current loop and RS232-C standard?
What do you mean by protected mode of operation in 80286 ?
What is the major difference between 386DX processors and the 386 SX processors
Write a short note on virtual mode of 80386
Explain the use of debug and test registers and segment descriptor registers in 80386
Distinguish between synchronous and asynchronous serial data transmission techniques. Discuss the
advantages and disadvantages.
Draw the diagram showing the bit format used for asynchronous serial data.
A terminal is transmitting simple asynchronous serial data at 1200 Bd.
a. How much time is required to transmit 1 bit?
b. Assuming 7 data bits, a parity bit, and 1 stop bit, how long does it take to
transmit one character?
What frequency transmit clock (
) is required by an 8251A in order for it to transmit data at 4800

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Bd with a baud rate factor of 16 ?

If an 8251A is being used in synchronous mode for a BISYNC data link , what additional initialization
word(s) must be sent to the device?
Give the signal voltage ranges for a logic high and for a logic low in the RS-232C standard.
Explain why systems which use the RS-422A or RS-423A signal standards can transmit data over
longer distances and at higher baud rates than RS-232C systems.
Define the term virtual memory and briefly describe how a logical address is converted to a physical
address by a memory management unit
Explain how an 80286 is switched from real address mode to protected virtual address mode and
how it is switched back to real address mode operation.
Briefly explain about the concept of paging in 80386 processor.
Enumerate the different bus standards.
Draw the control register structure of 80386 microprocessor.
What is descriptor in 80386?
Which address range of I/O space of 80386 is used by coprocessors?
What are the logical instructions in 80386 beyond these of 80286?
What is the work task state segment in a 80386 microprocessor ?
Distinguish between synchronous and asynchronous data format.
Give the specification of RS232C.
What is the use of modem control unit in 8251?
PART-B (5 Mark Questions)
Unit-I
(a) With a neat block diagram explain the architecture of 8086 processor.
(b)Explain why memory is segmented in 8086 and how memory is addressed using segmentation
(a) Describe in detail about the register organization of 8086 microprocessor
(b) Explain flag register in 8086 and explain about each in detail.
(a) Describe the immediate, register and direct addressing modes in 8086
(b) Discus the functions of IP and SP in 8086
With the examples explain the functioning of instruction pointer and stack pointer in 8086
microprocessor?
What are the major hardware functional units in 8086? Explain in detail one of such units with a
functional schematic
(a)Explain the function of opcode prefetch queue in 8086?
(b) What types of programs are usually written in assembly language?
(a)Draw and discuss the read and write cycle timing diagram of 8086 in minimum mode
(b)Explain about queue operation in 8086?
Explain about pin configuration of 8086?
(a)Explain in detail the application of each register in 8086?
(b) What do you mean by pipelined architecture in 8086?
(a)Write the assembly language statement to load the number F3H into the AL register and 7986H
into BP register
(b)Explain the function of following signals HLDA ,NMI,INTR,HOLD in 8086
Write the function of the DF, IF and TF bits of 8086.
Describe the different data memory addressing modes in the 8086 giving an example for each.
Why is memory divided into segments in the 8086? What are its advantages?
Explain detail about the following addressing modes of 8086 with examples.
(a) I/O addressing
(b) Based indexed addressing with displacement.
Describe the function of the following pins and their use in 8086 based system.
(i)NMI (ii)
(iii)
(iv) RESET.
With a neat pin diagram explain the minimum mode operation of 8086.
(a)What is the function of the stack?
(b) If the current values in the stack segment register and stack pointer are C000H and
FF00H respectively, what is the address of the current top of the stack? For the base
and offset addresses, how many words of data are currently held in the stack?
Explain the different addressing modes of 8086 microprocessors.
What is the purpose of segment registers in 8086?
What are the different functions of registers in 8086 microprocessors?

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Why 8086 microprocessor takes 2 machine cycle to access odd address and 1 machine cycle for even
address?
Write short notes on stack segment register and stack pointer.
Draw the 8086 read bus cycle and discuss the flow of signals.
Draw the 8086 write bus cycle and discuss the flow of signals
Unit-II
(a) Explain the following string instructions.
1. SCASB, STOSW
2.REPE, LOOPE 3.JNP, JNS
(b) Explain the function of the programmable registers of 8086.
(a)Explain the Branch instruction and Conditional Branch instruction.
(b) Write a sorting program for Ten numbers in the ascending order.
Discuss about various type of jump instruction used in 8086 microprocessor
(a)Explain the operation performed by CALL instruction in 8086 microprocessor
(b)Explain the difference between CALL and JUMP instruction what does the processor do in
executing it?
Explain why the 8086 has both signed and unsigned versions of their multiply and divide instructions,
but not of their add and subtract instructions with these given example programs for
1. signed arithmetic and
2.unsigned arithmetic by assuming suitable data of length 8-bit
covering carry/borrow, no carry/no borrow, overflow and underflow.
Write an ALP to convert four digit hexadecimal number to decimal number
(a)Explain the process of converting ASCII to binary
(b)Explain the function of linker
(a)Explain the structures of macro with the help of example
(b)Explain the comparison between procedure and macro
(a)Explain the operation performed by the following instructions of 8086.
1. CWD 2.IDIV
3.CMPSB
4.AAM
5.JCXZ
(b)How parameters are passed into macros
Explain the different data transfer instructions in the 8086 giving examples for each.
Describe the operation that an 8086 will perform when it executes each of the following
instructions:
(a)MOV BX,03FFH (b) MOV AL,0DBH (c) MOV DH,CL (d) MOVBX,AX
Write the different steps performed by the 8086 when it executes the instructions PUSH CX and
PUSH [SI].
(a) Write an algorithm to convert BCD to Binary numbers.
(b) Write 8086 assembly program to convert two digit BCD number to hexadecimal
Number
Write an algorithm and assembly program to sort the numbers in an array in descending order using
bubble sort method
What is the difference between the MUL and IMUL instructions in the 8086?
Write an 8086 assembly language program to check whether the two strings , one stored from the
address 2000H:1000H in the data segment and the other stored from the address 2000H:3000H, are
equal or not. If they are equal , store the value 00H in AL. Otherwise, store the value 01H in AL.
(a)What are the loop instructions of 8086? Explain the use of DF flag in the execution of
string instructions.
(b) Write an ALP in 8086 to display the string WELCOME on the screen.
What is a procedure? Give an example to declare a procedure as near. Make this procedure as
PUBLIC procedure.
What are assembler directives and explain the following assembler directives
i) ASSUME (ii) SEGMENT (iii) DB (iv) PUBLIC
Mention the groups in which the instruction set of 8086 can be categorised.
Explain the following instruction with example LAHF, SAHF, AAA, SBB, AAS
Explain EQU, DW,DQ, DD and DT assembler directives
List and explain different types of data transfer instruction in 8086
Writ an ALP to add 5 BCD numbers and store it in location S1 and S2
Unit-III

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(a)Explain in detail about memory address decoding in 8086

(b) What is the range of address space for I/O in an 8086 based system?
Explain how static RAM are interfaced to 8086.Give the necessary interfacing diagram assuming
appropriate signals and memory size
Draw the basic cell structure of EPROM and explain the principle of operation
Explain briefly about memory interfacing with 8086.
(a)Explain how a seven segment LED can be interfaced to the microprocessor.
(b)Explain about transistor buffer circuit used to drive 7 segment LED
Explain briefly about interfacing of DAC with 8086 using 8255
(a)Explain how stepper motor can be interfaced with 8086 microprocessor
(b)write an assembly language program to control the stepper motor
Write an ALP in 8086 to generate symmetrical square waveform with 1 KHZ frequency and also give
the necessary circuit step with DAC
An 8086 microprocessor has to determine and identify a key closure from 4x4 keyboard. Draw the
interface circuit and give the software details for transferring hexadecimal digits from the keyboard.
(a)With block diagram explain the interfacing 4x4, Push Button keyboard matrix to 8086 based system
using only a single port of 8255.
(b)write the assembly language for interfacing 4x4, pushbutton keyboard matrix with 8086
Interface two 4k 8 EPROMs and two 4k 8 RAM chips with 8086. Select suitable maps.
Discuss about the following control words of 8255. (i) Mode set control word (ii) Bit set/reset control
word.
Write the necessary instruction sequence to initialize 8255 with address 0C00H to 0C03H for the
following combinations. (i) Port A as input and ports B and C as output in mode 0 operation. (ii) Port
A in mode 1 operation and port B in mode 0 operation
Suppose that the beginning address of an 8255A is 0500 and write a program sequence that will:
(a) Put both groups A and B in mode 0 with ports A and C being input ports and port B
being an output port.
(b) Put group A in mode 2 and group B in mode 1 with port B being an output.
Interface an 8 x 8 matrix keyboard to 8086 through 8279 in 2-key lockout mode and write an
assembly language program to read key code of the pressed key. The external clock frequency is 2
MHz. Use I/O mapped I/O technique.
Calculate the current-limiting resistor needed in series with each segment of a 7segment display driven by a 7447 if u want 40mA per segment.
Interface a stepper motor to the 8086 microprocessor system and write an 8086 assembly language
program to control the stepper motor.
Explain the procedure for interfacing ADC0808 with 8086 and draw the diagram.
Interface a 12-bit DAC to 8255 with an address map of 0C00H to 0C03H. The DAC provides output in
the range of +5V to -5V .Write the instruction sequence for the following:
(a) For generating a square wave with a peak to peak voltage of 4 V and the frequency
will be selected from memory location F
(b) For generating a triangular wave with a maximum voltage of +3 V and a minimum of
-2V
Interface two 4K*8 EPROM chip to 8086 microprocessor.
Show the control word format of 8255 and explain how each bit is programmed.
Briefly explain different modes of operation in 8255.
With neat diagram explain the ADC interface to microprocessor.
Write a program to generate a triangular wave using DAC using 8086 microprocessor.
Write an ALP to rotate stepper motor for one rotation using 8086 microprocessor
Explain how alphanumerical display is interfaced with 8086 microprocessor.
Explain the interfacing diagram used for 4*4 keyboard.
Explain how 8086 microprocessors in interfaced with ROM Memories.
Unit-IV
(a)Explain about vector interrupt table and lookup table
(b)Explain about interrupt service routines and subroutines
Discuss the sequence of operation performed in interrupt acknowledgement cycle
(a)Explain bout DOS and BIOS interrupt with necessary examples
(b)Describe how the control bus signals are produced for an 8086 system operating in maximum

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mode
Explain in detail about software interrupt application
(a)Explain in detail about priority interrupt controller 8259
(b) What do you mean by interrupt overflow
What is DMA data transfer? Explain its implementation using programmable DMA controller 8257 in
a 8086 system
(a)Describe the use of CAS0,CAS1and CAS2 lines in a system with a cascaded 8259A
(b)What is the necessity to send EOI (End of Interrupt) to8259A at some time in interrupt service
routine?
Explain in detail about 8086 maximum mode read and write operations with timing waveforms
Draw and explain the timing diagram of a DMA operation
(a)Explain in detail about dynamic RAM interfacing with 8086
(b)Draw the DRAM read and write timing diagrams
a) 8086 interrupts are classified as hardware and software interrupts. Give reasons for
why single step interrupt is having lower priority?
b) In handling the interrupts, illustrate the purpose of IF flag?
Briefly describe the condition(s) which cause the 8086 to perform each of the following types of
interrupts: type 0, type 1, type 2, type 3, type 4.
(a)Describe the main use of the 8086 type 1 interrupt.
(b)Show the assembly language instructions necessary to set the 8086 trap flag.
Explain the following terms with reference to 8259: (a) END of interrupt (b) Automatic rotation (c)
poll command (d) Read register command.
Show the sequence of command words and instructions that you would used to initialize an 8259A
with a base address of FF10H as follows: edge- triggered; only one 8259A; 8086 system; interrupt
type 40 corresponds to IR0 input; normal EOI; non buffered mode, not special fully nested mode; IR1
and IR3 unmasked.
(a) Show and explain how a typical DMA controller can be interfaced to an 8086 based
Maximum mode system.
(b) Distinguish between maximum and minimum modes of operations of 8086 with
timing diagrams
Describe the series of actions that a DMA controller will perform after it receives a request from a
peripheral device to transfer data from the peripheral device to memory.
a) with respect to 8254, illustrate the operational description of write, read operations
and features of 8254 along with its block diagram
b) Justify how control word controls all the operational modes of 8254?
a) Illustrate the operational modes of 8259 PIC along with its block diagram.
b) Compare and contrast between maskable and non maskable interrupts.
Draw the block diagram of 8259A priority interrupt controller.
Discuss the various modes of operation of 8254.
Explain the need of DMA. Discuss in detail about DMA data transfer methods.
Discuss about interrupt priorities in 8259.
How many Initialization Command words are required for a single 8259 in an 8086 based system?
Explain their format.
Write the block diagram of 8254.
What are the different steps executed when an interrupt occurs?
Unit-V
(a)Draw the flow chart showing how synchronous serial data can be sent from a port line using
software routine
(b)Discuss the data transmission standards and their specifications
Write a program sequence which utilizes the mode register and gives a command to enable the
transmitter and begin an asynchronous transmission of 7-bit characters followed by an even parity
bit and 2 stop bits. Explain the program
(a)A terminal is transmitting asynchronous serial data at 2400bd. What is the bit time? assuming
7data bits, a parity bit and 1 stop bit how long does it take to transmit one character?
(b) Explain about line driver and line receiver used in serial communication
(a)Explain the interfacing of 8251 with 8086 with necessary circuit diagram
(b) Write the sequence of events for 8251 initialization with necessary instructions.
Explain in detail the sequence of steps involved in transferring the data using the general-purpose

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interface bus.
(a)Draw the circuit of TTL to RS232 and explain the necessity of this interface.
(b)Discuss the data transmission standards and their specifications
(a)Explain with diagram about the flag register in 80286
(b) Explain in detail about processing units and its function in an 80286
Explain in detail about the different data types supported by 80386.
(a) What do you mean by descriptor table?
(b)Explain briefly about different descriptors supported by 80386 with neat diagrams.
State the advantages and disadvantage of paging mechanism in 80386.
(a) Write the sequence of events for 8251 initialization with necessary 8086 instructions.
(b) Draw and explain the block diagram of 8251.
(a) Show the bit pattern for the mode word and the command word that must be sent
to an 8251A to initialize the device as follows: baud rate factor of 64,
7 bits/character, even parity, 1 stop bit, transmit interrupt enabled, receive interrupt
enabled,
and
asserted, Error flags reset, no hunt mode, no break
character.
(b) Show the sequence of instructions required to initialize an 8251A at addresses 80H
and 81H with the mode and command words worked out in question a.
(a) Describe the problem that occurs when you attempt to connect together two
RS-232C devices that are both configured as DTE.
(b) Draw a diagram which shows how this problem can be solved.
(a) List the four major processing units in an 80286 microprocessor and briefly describe
the function of each.
(b) Describe how the real-mode operation of an 80286 is different from protected-mode
operation.
(a)List three major advances that the 80386 microprocessor has over the 80286.
(b)What is the main difference between the 386DX processor and 386SX processor
(a)Explain how a 386 computes a physical address when its paging mode is enabled.
(b)What is the advantage of paged-based virtual memory over segments only based
virtual memory ?
Explain the functions of the following pins of 80386
HLDA, BUSY, NA, D/C, ADS
(a) Show the computations which tell how much virtual memory a 386 can address.
(b) How much virtual memory can a 386 address in real mode and protected mode.
(a) How is a 386 switched into virtual 8086 mode during a task switch?
(b) Briefly describe the response of the virtual machine monitor when a real-mode 8086
program executes an INT 21H instruction.
Discuss about various mode of operation of 80386.
Describe the operation of 80386 memory management unit and paging unit.
Write short notes on USART.
Explain in detail the RS 232C interface.
Give the status register of 8251 and explain.
Write short notes on RS423 bus.
Explain about line drive and line receiver used in serial communication.
Discuss the types of serial communication.