Task B - Sava Site Report On Biodiversity (B4-B7)

Biodiversity
Protection of Biodiversity of the Sava River Basin Floodplains
The Institute of the

Republic of Slovenia
for Nature Conservation
The designation of geographical entities in this document, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on
the part of IUCN concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
The views expressed in this document do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN.
This document has been made possible in part by funding from the European Commission.
Biodiversity
Protection of Biodiversity of the Sava River Basin

Floodplains
Sites Important for Biodiversity along the Sava River
Biodiversity
This Report is prepared in the frame of the project Protection of Biodiversity of the Sava River Basin
Floodplains funded by LIFE 3rd Countries, Swiss SDC, Dutch BBI/Matra and the project partners.
The Report has been prepared in 2009 by the Biodiversity Working Group:
Kitnaes, Karina Seeberg. Orbicon A/S, Aarhus Water and Nature Resources, Denmark.
Plavac, Ivana; Posavec Vukeli, Vida; Rodi Baranovi, Petra; Trenc, Neven and Topi, Ramona. State
Institute for Nature Protection (SINP), Croatia.
Stojic, Vida; Peri, Ranko; Lazarevi, Predrag; Ki, Alen and Stojanovi, Verica. Institute for Nature
Conservation of Serbia (INCS).
Redi, Sulejman; Barudanovic, Senka; Traki, Sabina and Kulijer, Dejan. Center for Ecology and
Natural Resources (CEPRES), Bosnia and Herzegovina.
kvar, Andreja. Institute of the Republic of Slovenia for Nature Conservation (IRSNC).
Biodiversity
Table of Content
Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
A. Sites important for biodiversity along the Sava River .................................................................................................................. 5
Sites important for biodiversity along the Sava River in Bosnia-Herzegovina .................................................................................. 9
1.
Raa ..................................................................................................................................................................... 9
2.
Lonari ............................................................................................................................................................... 12
3.
abari (Modria) ................................................................................................................................................ 15
4.
Modrac .............................................................................................................................................................. 18
5.
Lijee (Bosanski Brod)....................................................................................................................................... 21
6.
Patkovaa and Ukrina River (Derventa)............................................................................................................. 23
7.
Velika and Mala Tiina....................................................................................................................................... 26
8.
Donji Svilaj (Bosanski amac) ............................................................................................................................ 29
9.
Bardaa ............................................................................................................................................................. 32
10.
Srbac .................................................................................................................................................................. 35
11.
Bosanska Gradika............................................................................................................................................. 37
12.
Trnopolje and Saniani (Prijedor)....................................................................................................................... 40
13.
Sprea and Klokotnica ....................................................................................................................................... 43
14.
Plivska jezera ..................................................................................................................................................... 46
15.
Ribnjak Prnjavor ................................................................................................................................................ 49
16.
Odak - Vojskova ............................................................................................................................................... 52
Sites important for biodiversity along the Sava River in Croatia .................................................................................................... 55
17.
Sava ................................................................................................................................................................... 55
18.
Sava Hruica .................................................................................................................................................. 57
19.
Savica................................................................................................................................................................. 60
20.
Turopolje............................................................................................................................................................ 62
21.
Odransko polje ................................................................................................................................................... 66
22.
Lonjsko polje ...................................................................................................................................................... 69
23.
Sunjsko polje ...................................................................................................................................................... 74
24.
Ribnjaci Lipovljani .............................................................................................................................................. 78
25.
Ribnjaci Slobotina/Vrbovljani ........................................................................................................................... 81
26.
Pranik ............................................................................................................................................................... 84
27.
Jelas polje .......................................................................................................................................................... 86
28.
Dvorina .............................................................................................................................................................. 89
29.
Gajna ................................................................................................................................................................. 92
30.
Spavanski bazen ............................................................................................................................................... 95
31.
Sava Podsused ................................................................................................................................................ 98
32.
utica ............................................................................................................................................................... 101
Sites important for biodiversity along the Sava River in Serbia .................................................................................................... 104
33.
Veliko ratno ostrvo .......................................................................................................................................... 104
34.
Crni lug ivaa............................................................................................................................................... 107
35.
Bojinska uma ................................................................................................................................................ 111
36.
Orlaa .............................................................................................................................................................. 114
37.
Ue Drine........................................................................................................................................................ 117
38.
Obedska bara................................................................................................................................................... 121
39.
Zasavica ........................................................................................................................................................... 127
40.
Trskovaa ......................................................................................................................................................... 132
41.
Moroviko-bosutske ume ............................................................................................................................... 135
Sites important for biodiversity along the Sava River in Slovenia ................................................................................................ 140
42.
Zelenci in Ledine pod Rateami........................................................................................................................ 140
43.
Sava Bohinjka z Mostnico in Ribnico ................................................................................................................ 142
44.
Sava Dolinka od Zelencev do Hruice ............................................................................................................... 143
45.
Sava od Mavi do Save................................................................................................................................... 144
46.
Sava od Radovljice do Kranja ........................................................................................................................... 146
47.
Sava Bohinjka in Sava Dolinka ......................................................................................................................... 148
48.
Julijske Alpe ..................................................................................................................................................... 150
49.
Sava od Rade do dravne meje ...................................................................................................................... 152
B. Analysis of threats and conservation status for Natura 2000 habitat types and species ......................................................... 154
C. Evaluation of the network of sites along the Sava River .......................................................................................................... 160
D. Recommendations for an Action Plan for the network of sites ............................................................................................... 163
Biodiversity
Introduction
The Concept of Ecological Networks
The European biodiversity is largely tied to ecosystems under direct or indirect anthropogenic influence.
Though certain human activities can lead to increased biological diversity, in recent time our use of
natural resources has been strongly intensified, which causes negative impacts on species and habitat
type diversity. As a result of human activities, habitat types are becoming increasingly fragmented, wich
is reducing also the number and distribution of species, as well as the value of goods and services that
these natural resources provide.
The concept of ecological networks can be defined as a system of sites connected by an ecological as
well as physical connection. Generally speaking, ecological networks serve to achieve the goals of:
Mitigate the negative impacts of habitat fragmentation;
Enable species movements;
Establish functional connection between protected areas.
The idea of developing ecological networks received an important stimulus in 1995, when 53 European
countries decided to establish the Pan-European Ecological Network (PEEN) as one of the basic activities
within the framework of the Pan-European Biological and Landscape Diversity Strategy.
The concept of ecological networks in Europe became supported in 1992 by the EU Habitats Directive,
which requires the Member States to identify and designate Natura 2000 sites, which holds important
habitat types and species in order to secure their favourable conservation status. These Natura 2000
sites function as the core areas in ecological networks.
Network of Sites important for Biodiversity along the Sava River

There are several important processes taking place along the Sava River to support the development of
a comprehensive network of sites. In Slovenia, the milestone was the implementation of Natura
according to the EU Birds and Habitats Directives, as well as the development of a Slovenian Ecological
Network in which the Natura 2000 sites function as core areas. In Croatia, the inplementation of Natura
2000 is ongoing as part of the EU accession process, drawing upon the already established Croatian
Ecological Network realised in 2007. In Serbia, it is the Emerald network that currently lays the basis for
the identification of sites. Recently, Serbia has also started the process of preparing for the Natura 2000.
In Bosnia and Herzegovina, the selection of sites for the Emerald network is ongoing and there is a
strong intention to designate new protected areas along the river that would lay grounds for
establishing an ecological network.
With the transborder project Protection of Biodiversity of the Sava River Basin Floodplains, 49 sites in
the four countries along the Sava River have been identified as site important for biodiversity. The Sava
River itself functions as the connecting backbone for the network of sites. The project proposes these
sites included in a shared transborder network of sites along the Sava River.
Identifying Sites with Species and Habitat Types of European Significance

The Task B Objectives of the project has been to Identify species and habitats that are of European
significance through assessment of data available in archives and databases and through additional field
inventories in compliance with the EU Birds and Habitats Directive as a base for the design of the
transboundary ecological network along the Sava.
To complete this task, a Biodiversity Working Group (BWG) was established with experts from CEPRES in
Bosnia and Herzegovina, SINP in Croatia, INCS in Serbia and IRSNC in Slovenia, which was guided though
the process by an international advisor from ORbicon in Denmark.
3
Biodiversity
The work of the BWG carried out during the project period was structured by the implementation of a
list of project activities leading to the preparation of the following Project Deliverables:
B2)
B3)
B4)
B5)
B6)
B7)
National habitat interpretation sheets of Identified Natura 2000 habitat types

Methodology for fieldwork on identified target Natura 2000 habitat types and species
Inventory of biodiversity along Sava based on the Natura 2000
Analysis of threats and conservation status of Natura 2000 habitats and species along the Sava
Evaluation of the network along the Sava including areas capable of storing flood waves
Recommendations for an action plan for network of sites to secure Favourable Conservation
Status for the target Natura 2000 habitat types and species
B10)Identification of sites in need of restoration and preparation of small scale restoration plans.
In this report, the results of this work are presented, apart from the B2, B3 and B10 deliverables, which
are subject to separate reports.
In section A of this report, the identified target Natura 2000 habitat types and species are presented,
together with a list of the 49 identified sites important for biodiversity (Deliverable B4).
The section B is divided into four subsections, one for each country, where a presentation of each site is
given, including the results of the inventory of biodiversity along the Sava River presented as two tables
with the target Natura 2000 habitat types and species mapped in the site (Deliverable B4).
Each of the site specific tables include the results of the analysis of threats and current conservation
status for the mapped target habitat types and species (Deliverable B5). In order to improve the
conservation status for each habitat type or species on site level, proposed actions are also outlined.
The conservation status for each habitat type on site level are marked as either A, B or C indicating:
A. Favourable conservation, given where the habitat type is observed to have an excellent
structure, well conserved and with excellent prospects.
B. Relatively good conservation, given where the habitat type is observed to have a structure
either a) well conserved, b) well conserved, average prospects and restoration possible, c)
partially degraded, excellent prospects and restoration possible, or d) average
structure/partially degraded, good prospects and restoration easy.
C. Reduced (unfavourable) conservation, given where the habitat type is observed to have
degraded structure and restoration needed.
The conservation status for each species on site level are marked as either A, B or C indicating:
A. Favourable conservation, given where the conditions for the species are in excellent condition,
independent of the grading of the possibility for restoration.
B. Relatively good conservation, given where the conditions for the species are either a) well
conserved or b) in average or partially degraded condition and restoration easy.
C. Reduced (unfavourable) conservation, given where the conditions for the species is observed
degraded and restoration needed.
For each site, the presentation is concluded by giving a list of concrete and site specific
recommendations for the future management and protection.
In section C of this report, the threats and conservation status of the Natura 2000 habitat types and
species are further analysed based on the site data (Deliverable B5). In section D, the network of 49 sites
is then evaluated for coherence and connectivity (Deliverable B6). And finally in section E, the
concluding recommendations for the network of sites are presented with focus on securing favourable
conservation status for the target Natura 2000 habitat types and species (Deliverable B7).
Biodiversity
A. Sites important for biodiversity along the Sava River
The identified target Natura 2000 habitat types and species
In order to identify sites of importance for biodiversity along the Sava (Deliverable B4), the EU Birds and
Habitats Directives were used as the frame for agreeing on which biodiversity data to map in potential
valuable sites.
The habitat types and species listed in the Annexes of the Birds and Habitats Directives, which were
known or likely to occur along the Sava River, were identified. The resulting lists of target Natura habitat
types and species agreed between the experts of the BWG are presented in the two tables beneath.
Table A.2. The focal habitat types mapped in the sites.
Code
Natura 2000 habitat types
1530
*Pannonic salt steppes and salt marshes
3130
Oligotrophic to mesotropic standing waters with veg. of Littorelletea uniflora / Isoto-Nanojuncete
3140
Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthis vegetation of Chara sp.
3150
Natural eutrophic lakes with Magnopotamnion- or Hydrocharition type vegetation
3260
Water courses of plain to montane levels with Ranunculion fluitantis & Callitricho-Batrachian vegetation
3270
Muddy river banks with Chenopodion rubri p.p. and Bidention p.p. vegetation
6430
Hydrophilous tall-herb fringe communities of plains and of montane to alpine levels
6440
Alluvial meadows of river valleys of the Cnidion dubii
6450
Northern boreal meadows of river valleys
6510
Lowland hay meadows (Alopecurus pratensis, Sanguisorba officinalis)
7140
Transition mires and quaking bogs
7230
Alkaline fens
Reedbeds, tall sedges and vegetation of Phragmito-Magnocaricetea1
9160
Sub-Atlantic and medio-European oak or oak-hornbeam forests of the Carpinion betuli
91E0
*Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior (Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, Salicion albae)
91G0
Riparian mixed forests of Quercus robur, Ulmus laevis and U. minor, Fraxinus excelsior or F. angustifolia, along
great rivers (Ulmenion minoris), along great rivers
*Pannonic woods with Quercus petraea and Carpinus betulius
91L0
Ilirian oak-hornbeam forests (Erythronio-carpinion)
91F0
Reedbeds, tall sedges and vegetation of Phragmito-Magnocaricetea are here defined as a separate habitat type, since it was not possible to include the
plant communities under any existing Natura 2000 habitat type definitions. These nationally defined plant associations are valuable and representative for
the Sava River floodplains and therefore included on the list of target habitat types.
Table A.3. The focal Natura 2000 species mapped in the sites.
Groups
Natura 2000 Species
HD/BD Annex
Birds
Alcedo atthis (water)
BD Annex I
Aquila pomarina (forest)
BD Annex I
Ardea cinerea (colonies
Ardea purpurea
BD Annex I
Ardeola ralloides (colonies)

Aythya nyroca
BD Annex I
BD Annex I
Botaurus stellaris
BD Annex I
Chlidonias hybridus
BD Annex I
Biodiversity
Groups
Plants
Amphibians
Natura 2000 Species
HD/BD Annex
Ciconia ciconia (forest), Ciconia nigra
BD Annex I
Crex crex (grassland)
BD Annex I
Dendrocopos medius (forest)
Egretta alba (colonies), Egretta garzetta
BD Annex I
Ficedula albicollis (forest)
BD Annex I
Haliaeetus albicilla (forest)
BD Annex I
Lanius collurio, Lanius minor (rural areas)
BD Annex I
Nycticorax nycticorax (colonies)
BD Annex I
Phalacrocora pygmeus
BD Annex I
Platalea leucorodia (oxbows/fish ponds)

Saxicola rubetra (grassland)
BD Annex I
-
Sterna hirundo (water), Sterna albifrons (water)
BD Annex I
Aldrovanda vesiculosa
HD Annex II
Nymphaea alba
Marsilea quadrifolia (water)
HD Annex II
Bombina bombina, Bombina variegate
HD Annex II + IV
Triturus dobrogicus
HD Annex II
Reptiles
Emys orbicularis
HD Annex II + IV
Fish
Eudontomyzon spp. (spawning areas)
HD Annex II
Hucho hucho (spawning areas)
HD Annex II + V
Leuciscus souffia (spawning areas)
HD Annex II
Umbra krameri (spawning areas)

Castor fiber (water)
HD Annex II
HD Annex II + IV + V
Barbastella barbastella
HD Annex II
Lutra lutra (water)
HD Annex II + IV
Miniopterus schreibersi
HD Annex II
Mammals
Myotis bechsteini, M. blythi, M. dasycneme, M. myotis
HD Annex II
Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, Rhinolophus hipposideros
HD Annex II
HD: Habitats Directive, BD: Birds Directive.In addition to the Annex species, a few species were identified and included in the list of target
species.
A harmonised field work methodology for mapping the target Natura 2000 habitat types and species
was then agreed between the experts of the BWG (Deliverable B2). Further, in order to unify the
understanding and national interpretation of the identified Natura 2000 habitat types, Natura 2000
habitat type interpretation sheets were elaborated and discussed in the BWG (Deliverable B3) before
any field work was carried out. The agreed methodology and the resulting Natura 2000 habitat type
interpretations are reported in separate technical project reports.
The field work was then carried out in all sites of potential biological importance along the Sava River in
all countries apart from in Slovenia, where completed Natura 2000 standard data sheets for their
proposed sites already was available.
The identified sites important for biodiversity

Based on existing data and field data gathered by the BWG, data sheets compatible with the Natura
2000 standard data sheets were prepared for each site together with site maps of habitat type
distribution. These data can be accessed on www.savariver.com.
The field work resulted in the beneath list of the identified sites important for biodiversity along the
Sava River. The inventory data gathered for each site and the analysis performed for the target Natura
2000 habitat types and species are presented in section B of this report.
6
Biodiversity
Table A.3. List of identified sites of biological importance along the Sava River
Country
No.
Site code
Site name
Area, ha
BosniaHerzegovina
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
BA00017
BA00016
BA00014
BA00012
BA00008
BA00007
BA00013
BA00010
BA00004
BA00005
BA00003
BA00001
BA00009
BA00002
BA00006
BA00011
Raa (Bijeljina) (border with site 37 and site 41)

Lonari (Brko)
abar (Modria)
Modrac
Lijee (Bosanski Brod)
Patkovaa i Ukrina River (Derventa)
Velika i Mala Tisina
Donji Svilaj (Bosanski amac)
Bardaa
Srbac
Bosanska Gradika
Trnopolje i Saniani (Prijedor)
Sprea i Klokotnica
Plivska jezera
Ribnjak Prnjavor
Odak Vojskova
506,36
699,35
616,17
2.752,07
925,70
1.181,96
512,91
343,23
1.340,11
270,31
455,91
1.613,12
266,00
395,88
1.221,86
321,78
Total area for the 16 sites in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Croatia
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
HR2001116
HR1000002
HR2000413
HR1000003
HR2000415
HR2000416
HR2000420
HR2000421
HR2000422
HR2000423
HR2000425
HR2000426
HR2000427
HR1000006
HR2001121
HR2000465
Sava
Sava Hruice
Savica
Turopolje
Odransko polje
Lonjsko polje
Sunjsko polje
Ribnjaci Lipovljani
Ribnjaci Vrbovljani (Slobotina)
Pranik
Jelas polje
Dvorina
Gajna
Spavanski bazen (border with site 41)
Sava Podsused
utica
Total area for the 16 sites in Croatia

Serbia
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
YUSER0001
YUSER0002
YUSER0003
YUSER0004
YUSER0005
YUSER0006
YUSER0007
YUSER0008
YUSER0009
Veliko Ratko Ostrvo Ue

Crni Lug Ribnjak ivaa
Bojinska suma
Orlaa
Ue Drine (border with site 1 and site 41)
Obedska bara
Zasavica
Trskovaa
Moroviko-bosutske ume (border with site 1 and site 30)
Total area for the 9 sites in Serbia

Slovenia
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
27700
26400
26800
33500
25400
25300
21100
63700
Zelenci in Ledine pod Rateami

Sava Bohinjka z Mostnico in Ribnico
Sava Dolinka od Zelencev do Hruice
Sava od Mavi do Save
Sava od Radovljice do Kranja
Sava Bohinjka in Sava Dolinka
Julijske Alpe
Sava od Rade do dravne meje.
Total area for the 8 sites in Slovenia
13.422,74
12.373,35
1.758,81
79,30
22.749,32
8.498,48
51.151,37
20.329,65
1.940,47
1.352,95
57,07
10.430,94
1.333,74
565,81
42.992,47
377,92
4.698,26
180.689,90
226,00
1.203,00
584,00
1.281,00
2.593,00
19.667,00
2.335,00
380,00
22.188,00
50.457,00
112,19
455,74
337,39
3.229,39
877,91
936,54
115.551,97
2.850,94
124.352,10
Biodiversity
Fig. A.1: Site location along the Sava River
In the following four sections of this report, each of the 49 sites important for biodiversity is presented.
Biodiversity
Sites important for biodiversity along the Sava River in Bosnia-Herzegovina
1. Raa
The site is situated in the North-Eastern part of
Bosnia and Herzegovina, in the area called
Semberija. The area is characterized by a specific
hydrographics. In the outermost part of Semberija,
the estuary of the Drina River is located. Just before
it drains into the Sava River, the Drina River diffuses
and forms a special delta of several armlets, of which
some ends up as a dead-end in the plain terrain. This
is how the special wetland habitat types have been
formed (Bosanska staraa). In this area, the Drina
River makes the border toward Serbia in the East,
whereas the Sava River represents the border at the
North side of the site. The entire area is of transboundary and international importance.
A significant share of the site is covered by flooded woodlands.
The terrain is mainly plane with numerous both natural and artificial depressions aroused by gravel
extraction in the past. The geological foundation is made of recent alluvial deposits, while the soil is
mainly fluvisol of various depths of 1-3 meters, depending on intensity by which organomineral material
has deposited. Lately, this area has experienced conversion of natural habitats into road construction
and building of cottages. In this way, degradation of important biodiversity is occurring. Despite this, the
area of Bosanska Raa is still considered to contain representative wetland ecosystems.
The main biodiversity feature of the site is the occurrence of flooded woodlands, i.e. flooding alder
forests with Fraxinus excelsior, Salicion albae, Alno-Padion including poplar stands with Populus alba and
P. nigra. Where the underground water level lowers, these communities are replaced by mixed forests
of oak Quercus robur and elm Ulmus laevis, as well as by oak-hornbeam forests Carpino betuliQuercetum roboris. Along the riverbanks of the Sava and Drina rivers and their armlets, communities of
Chenopodion rubri, Bidention, Isoeto-Nanojuncetea occures, as well as patches of wet grasslands
Agropyro-Rumicion crispi.
The whole site covers a total of 10.673 ha, but the proposed site for protection covers 506,36ha. The
land cover types of the proposed site are Tidal rivers, Estuaries, Mud flats, Sand flats, Lagoons (70%),
Inland water bodies of standing and running water (5%), dry grassland (5%), Humid and mesophile
grassland (15%) and arable land (5%).
The site is not protected under national legislation. The site is not under active management and there
is no management plan for protecting the biodiversity. The ownership of the site is mixed.
Table 1.1: Natura 2000 focal habitat types in site.
Habitat
type
Coverage
in site
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
91L0
5%
91F0
10 %
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
Communication networks (500), Roads

(502), general forestry management
(160), forestry clearance (164), disposal
of household waste (421)
Forestry management (160), forestry
clearance (164), disposal of household
waste (421), Communication networks
Planned construction of cottages,

sustainable forest management,
sustainable waste management
Biodiversity
Habitat
type
Coverage
in site
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
(500)
91G0
3%
6510
5%
3150
1%
3270
10 %
3260
1%
91E0
15 %
X
X
Forestry clearance (164), disposal of

household waste (421), Communication
networks (500)
Use of pesticides (110), fertilization
(120), soil pollution (703)
Water pollution (701), eutrophication
(952)
Flooding (840), sand and gravel
extraction (300)
Water pollution (701), sand and gravel
extraction (300)
household waste (421), modification of
hydrographic functioning(850), Drainage
(810), sand and gravel extraction (300)

Controlled use of pesticides and
fertilizers
Sustainable waste management
Prohibit gravel extraction,
sustainable forest management
Regulate sewage system, control
and remove invasive species
Ecological restore depressions, Reforestate with fast growing species
(autochthonous willows, poplars,
alder, mulberries). Prohibit gravel
extraction. Prohibit waste disposal
Fig. 1.1: Distribution map of Natura 2000 focal habitat types in site.
Table 1.2: Natura 2000 focal species in site.

Focal Species
Population
size
Umbra krameri
Emys
orbicularis
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
x
x
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
Water pollution (701),

eutrophication (952)
Taking/removal of fauna (240)

Strengthening of awareness
10
Biodiversity
Focal Species
Population
size
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
Alcedo atthis
Dendrocopos
medius
Ardea cinerea
Egretta alba
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
Management of aquatic and bank

vegetation for drainage (811)
vegetation for drainage (811)
vegetation for drainage (811),
forestry clearance (164)
Hunting (230)
Planned construction
Planned construction
Planned construction and
sustainable forest management
Controlled hunting
Recommendations for future management and protection

Main threats on Natura 2000 focal habitat types and species:
General forestry management

Forestry clearance
Disposal of household waste
Communication networks
Use of pesticides
Fertilization
Soil pollution
Water pollution
Eutrophication
Flooding
Sand and gravel extraction
Invasion of species
Drainage
Taking and/or removal of fauna in general
Management of aquatic and bank vegetation for drainage
Hunting.
Recommendations for management and protection:
Balance construction of cottages

Restore natural depressions in landscape
Re-forestate native and relatively fast growing species (autochthonous willows, poplars, alder,
mulberries, and in later stage aspen)
Remove invasive species.
Limit and control local road construction and usage
Control hunting
Prohibit exploitation such as gravel extraction
Prohibit waste disposal
Collect communal waste water in waste water treatment plants
Sustain waste management
Manage forests sustainably and introduce close-to-nature forestry.
Strengthen awareness on importance and role of wetlands
Prepare Local environmental Action Plan, along with physical plan
Plan and prepare physical plan, incl. management plan and Local environmental Action Plan.
11
Biodiversity
2. Lonari
The site of Lonari is situated on the way from
Oraje to Brko at the crossing of the roads TuzlaOraje and Lonari-Brko. Due to strong
anthropogenous impacts in the past, more than 80
% of this area has been converted into arable land
and construction sites. Wetlands occur mainly along
smaller watercourses, which are being regulated in
the given way. Therefore only a smaller part of the
site is valuable for biodiversity. This part is located
several kilometers from the cross-roads toward
Brko city downstream the Sava River.
The climax vegetation in this wetland area is made
of oak communities, whereas in its marginal section,
on pseudogley and well drained soils, peri-pannonian oak-hornbeam communities with Quercus petraea
and Carpinus betulus occur with fragments of Illyrian oak woods Erythronio-Carpinion. In still standing
water of up to 60 cm depth, neutral eutrophic communities of Magnopotamion and Ranunculion
fluitantis occur, continued by reed beds of Magnocaricion, as well as sedge Phragmition communities.
Of great importance are the hygrophilous tall herb communities (Filipendulo-Petasition), and fragments
of alluvial grasslands Cnidion dubii and Deschamsion cespitosae. Humid nutritionrich soils occurring
along the streams are inhabited by the alliances Bidention and Chenopodion rubri p.p.
A big part of the surface different crops are grown (corn, wheat, vegetables, orchards with plums, apples
and pears), as well as by cultivated meadows with clover and alfalfa and nitrophilous Dauco-Melilotion,
Aegopodion podagrarii, Arction lappae vegetation of abandoned land. Also invasive species occur, such
as Amorpha fruticosa, Echinocystis lobata and Reynoutria japonica.
The part of the site, which is considered important for biodiversity, covers a total of 699,35ha. The land
cover types for this area are Inland water bodies of standing and running water (70%), Bogs, Marshes,
Water fringed vegetation, Fens (15%), arable land (10%) and other land (5%).
Table 2.1. Natura 2000 focal habitat types in site.
Habitat
type
Coverage
in site
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
91L0
5%
91G0
3%
91E0
3150
5%
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
Communication networks (500),

Roads (502), general forestry
management (160), forestry
clearance (164), disposal of
household waste (421)
household waste (421),
Communication networks (500)
Forestry clearance (164), discharges
(420)
Removal of flora, general 250,
discharges 420, water pollution 701,
canalization 830, eutrophication
952, urbanized areas, human
Sustainable forest management

Sustainable forest management,

Conservation and restoration of
wetlands, regulation sewage,
planned construction of dispersed
settlements
12
Biodiversity
Habitat
type
Coverage
in site
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
habitation 400
3270
3%
6430
1%
6440
2%
6450
1%
7230
5%
Disposal of household waste 421,

use of pesticides 110, fertilization
120, drainage 810
Grazing 140, mines 330,
communication networks 500,
120, drainage 810
Grazing 140, mines 330, communication networks 500, Disposal
of household waste 421, use of
pesticides 110, fertilization 120
Water pollution (701),
extraction (300), species invasion
(954)
Controlled use of pesticides and

fertilizers,identification of buffer
zones towrd arable land
Sustainable waste management,
regulation of sewage, Controlled use
of pesticides and fertilizers

regulation of sewage, Controlled use
Water management, regulation of
sewage
prohibition of gravel extraction,
removal of invasive species
Fig. 2.1. Distribution map of habitat types in site.
Table 2.2. Natura 2000 focal species in site.

Focal Species
Population
size
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
Alcedo atthis
Conservation of wetlands
Management of aquatic and bank veg.

for drainage (811)
Electricity 511, forestry clearance 164
Ciconia ciconia
Ardea cinerea
Forestry clearance (164)
Planned electrification
13
Biodiversity
Focal Species
Population
size
Egretta alba
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
x
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
Hunting (230)
Controlled hunting

Intensive conversion
Drainage
Intensive agriculture
Use of pesticides
Eutrophication
Deforestation
Discharges
Canalisation
Mines
Dispersed habitation.
Restore mosaics of wetlands

Remove invasive species
Remove mines
Secure and improve waste management
Establish buffer zones toward arable land
Controlled use of pesticides and fertilizers
Manage forests sustainably and introduce close-to-nature forestry using native species
Prohibit gravel extraction.
Conserve wetlands and protect site under appropriate national legislation.
14
Biodiversity
3. abari (Modria)
The site of abari is situated on the riverbank of the Sava River, downstreams from the estuary of the
Bosna River. The site consists of a mosaic of wetlands on the inshore belt of Sava River at Oraje, as well
as in the area of Gornji and Donji abar. But there is a big part of the abari, which is under significant
anthropogenous impacts and where today crops are grown, such as corn and orchards (plums, apples,
pears etc.). The wetlands in the site are being reduced and degraded.
The biodiversity of this site is reflected through its diversity of hygrophilous forests. The inshore belt of
Sava River is covered by alder forests Alnetum glutinosae, then forests of ash Leucojo-Fraxinetum,
communities of white and black poplar and willow-poplar communities Salici Populetum. In places
where underground water level falls deeper communities with oak and broom Genisto elataeQuercetum roboris, then Carpino betuli-Quercetum roboris occur. In direction of abari on north facing
and more emphasized slopes, oak-hornbeam communities continue. Also fragments of hygrophilous
meadows Deschampsion caespitosae and Agropyro-Rumicion crispi are found, where arable land has not
taken over. Along smaller streams, on nutrient rich soil, communities of the alliances Bidention and
Chenopodion rubric occur.
The site, which holds important biodiversity, covers 616,17ha. The land cover types are Inland water
bodies of standing and running water (20%), Bogs, Marshes, Water fringed vegetation, Fens (15%),
Humid or Mesophile grassland (20%), Broadleaved deciduous woodland (10%) and other land (35%).
Habitat
type
Coverage
in site
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
91E0
5%
91G0
5%
91F0
7230
1%
3270
5%
6440
3%
6450
2%
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
sand and gravel extraction 300,

water pollution 701, general
forestry management (160),
forestry clearance (164), disposal of
household waste (421)
91G0: disposal of household waste
421, water polution (701) forestry
clearance (164), Communication
networks (500)
forestry clearance (164), discharges
(420)
Removal of flora, general 250,
discharges 420, water pollution
701, canalization 830,
eutrophication 952, urbanized
areas, human habitation 400
extraction (300), invasion species
(954)
grazing 140, mines 330,
120, drainage 810
grazing 140, mines 330,
Disposal household waste 421, use
of pesticides 110, fertilization 120



Conserve and restore wetlands,
regulate sewage, plan
construction of dispersed
settlements
prohibit gravel extraction,
remove invasive species
regulate sewage, control use of
pesticides and fertilizers

regulate sewage, controlled use
15
Biodiversity

Focal Species
Population
size
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
Nycticorax
nycticorax
Dendrocopos
medius
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
Electricity lines 511, forestry

clearance 164
Dendrocopos medius:
veg. for drainage (811)
Planned electriphication
Conserve wetlands

Main threats on Natura 2000 focal habitat and species:
Intensive cultivation
Drainage
Pesticides
Hunting
Communication network
Canalisation
Natural overgrowing
Invasive species.
Restore previous and degraded wetlands

Maintain hygrophilous grasslands (mowing )
16
Biodiversity
Regulate reforestation by use of native broadleaved forests (oak, cherry, ash).

Regulate hunting
Integrate water management with nature protection needs
Prohibit gravel extraction
Conserve the wetlands and protect site under national legislation
Prepare Local environmental Action Plan
Strengthen awareness on the importance of wetlands.
17
Biodiversity
4. Modrac
The site encompasses the entire area around an artficial hydro-accumulation by the same name. It is
located 6 km from the city Lukavac in the Tuzla city region. The lake arose after construction of a water
gate on the Sprea River in 1964, which was built for purposes of industrial facilities in Tuzle and
ivinice. The lake is supplied by water from the Sprea River and Turija River. The length of the lake is 11
km, while its largest width amounts 1.600 meters. Maximum depth of the lake is about 20 meters.
Before the lake was created, wetland habitat types existed along the entire coastline, which have
resulted in diverse vegetation types present today. On the inshore belt, on muddy bottom, submerged
communities of the alliance Potamion occur, whereas in the coastal area, especially in its western and
northwestern part, communities with sedges Typhetum, reeds Magnocaricion, and fragments of the
alliance Phragmition occur. In the armlets, especially around the estuary of Turija, floating plant
communities (Lemnion) with Marsilea quadrifolia and Trapa natans are found. On deeper, swampy soil
fragments of the wetland communities Agropyro-Rumicion (Cnidion dubii), Deschampsietum
caespitosae, as well as the hygrophilous meadows Molinion coeruleae are present. These are continued
by mesic grassland Arrhenatherion elatioris and Festuco-Agrostion on more drained ground. For the
forest vegetation, a significant area is covered by fragments of hygrophilous alder woods and oakhornbeam communities Carpino betuli-Quercetum roboris, while moving toward more drained soil,
forests of black pine and sessile oak occur on serpentinite and eutric cambisol.
The area around Modrac Lake is very popular for production of diverse gardening and agricultural crops
resulting in intensive agriculture. Over large area occur orchards with plums, apples and cherries.
The whole site covers a total of 17 km2. The site of importance for biodiversity covers a total of 2.752,07
ha. The land cover types are Inland water bodies of standing and running water (60%), Bogs, Marshes,
Water fringed vegetation, Fens (10%), Humid or Mesophile grassland (20%) and other land (10%).
Habitat
type
Coverage
in site
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
3150
3270
10%
6510
20 %
7230
15 %
91G0
15 %
91E0
5%
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
3150: eutrophication (952),

disposal of household waste (421),
disposal of industrial waste (422)
3270: dykes, embankments,
artificial beaches, general (870),
flooding (840)
6510: soil pollution (703), grazing
(140), invasion by species (954)
Water management, regulate

canalization
7230: water pollution (701),

fertillisation (120)
91G0: disposal of household waste
(421), forest exploitation without
replanting (167), discharges (400),
invasion by species (954)
91E0: disposal of household waste
(421), silting up (910), urbanized
areas, human settlements (400),

remove invasive species,
sustainable tourism
regulate sewage, controlled use of
pesticides and fertilizers
regulate sewage, plan construction
of dispersed settlements

18
Biodiversity

Focal Species
Population
size
Marsilea
quadrifolia
Crex crex
Ardea cinerea
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
Consere wetlands
Drainage (810), Discharges (420),

Water pollution (701)
Removal of fauna, general (240)
Conserve wetlands
Conserve wetlands
Ardeola ralloides
Egretta alba
Conserve wetlands

Eutrophication
Solid and liquid waste
Chanalisation
Industrial water after coals separation
Conversion of wetlands
Unsustainable tourism (beaches, restaurants, paths)
Frequent changes in water level
Introduction of fish species
Disposal.
19
Biodiversity
Purify industrial water, including remove sedimentation of coal dust

Conserve and restor remaining wetlands,
Establish and maintain free buffer zones in the inshore belt.
Regulate and establish sewage and waste water collection
Control introduction of alien species
Manage forests sustainably and introduce close-to-nature forestry
Control hunting
Secure sustainable tourism with improved plan for construction of settlements.
Prepare Local environmental Action Plan emphasizing conservation of wetlands.
20
Biodiversity
5. Lijee (Bosanski Brod)
The site is situated few kilometers downstreams from Bosanski Brod towards amac city on the
riverbank of the Sava River. The entire area is transected by the road Bosanski Brod-amac. This used to
be an agricultural region, which has significantly changed over the past decades.
On the inshore belt of Sava River willow-poplar communities occur, as well as communities of aspen,
which, in some places, are continued by communities of oak, ash and elm. There are also fragments of
communities occuring in oligotrophic and mesotrophic standing water belonging to the class Isoeto
Nanojucetea and Bidentetea tripartiti. On more isolated places, where underground water level is high
and planohistosol develops, fragments of reed beds (Magnocaricion), sedges (Typhaetum) and rushes
(Phragmition) occur. Towards dry types of soil hygrophilous tall herb communities and grasslands,
Molinion coeruleae and Deschampsion caespitosae are found.
The site covers a total of 925,70ha.
Habitat
type
Coverage
in site
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
3130
1%
3270
3%
6440
2%
6450
1%
7230
3%
91E0
10 %
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
Drainage (810), eutrophication (952),

invasions by species (954), soil
pollution (703), discharges (400)
Drainage (810), invasions by species
(954), flooding (840), discharges
(400)
soil pollution (703), grazing (140),
invasion by species (954), discharges
(400)
Drainage (810), genetic pollution
(964), soil pollution (703), discharges
(400)
Drainage (810), genetic pollution
(964), management of water levels
(853)
invasion by species (954), genetic
pollution (964), eutrophication (952),
Flooding (840)
Integrated water management,

regulate sewage, remove invasive
species
control use of pesticides
Control introduction of species,
water management, control use
of pesticides
regulate sewage, plan
construction of settlements
21
Biodiversity

Focal Species
Population
size
Ardea cinerea
Nycticorax nycticorax
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
forestry learence (164)
forestry clearence (164)

Main threats on habitat and species on site level
Drainage of remaining wetlands

Soil pollution
Construction of settlements
Unbalanced waste management
Invasive species.
Restore and conserve remaining wetlands

Mow wetland meadows on regular basis
Regulate sewage
22
Biodiversity
6. Patkovaa and Ukrina River (Derventa)
The site is situated 10 kilometers downstream from
Derventa towards Bosanski Brod. The Ukrina River is
an affluent of the Sava River, whereby most of its
flow runs through plain and hilly peri-pannonian
terrain. It springs at 120m above sea level, while its
estuary is at 96m above sea level. The length of its
flow is 53km. Due to the low velocity many armlets
were formed in the past, which today are important
habitats for wetland plants and animals. The Ukrina
River flows mainly through neogenic and quaternary
layers, whereas the alluvial lowland are more recent
deposits (gravel, sand and clay) influencing the
biodiversity composition.
On the inshore belt mostly hygrophilous alder communities Alnion glutinosae, communities of white
willow (Salicion albae), then willow and poplar (Salici-Populetum) occur, while on humid slopes oak
communities (Quercetum roboris) and oak-hornbeam forests (Querco-Carpinetum) are found. In still
standing water fragments of communities occurring in oligo-mesotrophic water with Chara (Charion,
Nitellion), and submerged vegetation types (Ranunculion fluitantis and Calitricho-Batrachion) occur.
More nutrient rich parts are inhabited by Bidention and by Dauco-Melilotion and Arction lappae. On
deeper alluvions, which are under anthropogenous impacts, communities with alochtonous species,
such as Solidago gigantea, Ambrosia artemisifolia, Echinocystis lobata etc. invade.
The site covers a total of 1.181,96 ha. The land cover types are Inland water bodies of standing and
running water (60%), Humid or Mesophile grassland (10%) and Broadleaved deciduous woodland (30%).
Habitat
type
Coverage
in site
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
3140
1%
3260
1%
6440
1%
91E0
10 %
91G0
3%
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
eutrophication (952), water pollution

(701), canalization (830)
water pollution (701), eutrophication
(952), flooding (840), sand and gravel
extraction (300)
soil pollution (703), grazing (140),
invasion by species (954), discharges
(400)
invasion by species (954),
eutrophication (952), Flooding (840),
forestry clearance (164), sand and
gravel extraction (300)
forestry clearance (164), forest
exploitation without replanting (167),

sewage, remove invasive species
sewage
control use of pesticides and
fertilizers

23
Biodiversity

Focal Species
Population
size
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
Ardea cinerea
Alcedo atthis
Dendrocopos
medius
Emys orbicularis
X
x
Threats and Impacts
Proposed actions
management of aquatic and

bank veg. for dreinage (811),
forestry learence (164)
bank veg. for dreinage (811)
bank veg. for dreinage (811)
collection (241), removal of
fauna, general (240)
Conserve wetlands
Conserve wetlands
Control collection of species

Eutrophication
Discharges
Gravel extraction
Hunting
Invasive plant species.
Restore and conserve remaining wetlands

24
Biodiversity

Construct and regulate sewage system
Manage forests sustainably and introduce close-to-nature forestry.
25
Biodiversity
7. Velika and Mala Tiina
The site Velika i Mala Tiina is situated on the riverbank of the Sava River 10km downstream from
Bosanski amac. These are larger armlets of the Sava River, which still exist thanks to the constant
inflow of underground water. Velika Tiina is a horse-shoe shaped armlet, while Mala Tiina has the
form of a trapeze. These two water bodies are connected by both surface and underground water.
Around the water bodies, large arable land and settlements are located.
This site is one of the most typical examples of wetland habitat types in the Bosnian part of the Posavina
region. The biodiversity of floating emerged and submerged vegetation comes here to its full
expression. The water bodies are covered by floating vegetation that belongs to the alliances
Magnopotamion and Hydrocharition, in which plant communities with Nuphar luteum and water lily
(Nymphaea alba) prevails. The submerged vegetation is well developed in all places and characterized
by the occurrence of plant communities with Myriophyllum, Ceratophyllum etc. Along the coastline
patches of Isoeto-Nanojuncetea communities occur. On the inshore belt, a significant area is covered by
reed beds of Magnocaricetalia and Phragmitetalia. These communities tend to spread over more
shallow water due to intense eutrophication process. Smaller terrestrial areas of typical are covered by
wetland grasslands with Alopecurus pratensis. Along the large water bodies different types of
hygrophilous woods and shrubs from the alliance Salicion purpureae, willow and poplar Salicion albae,
alder Alnion glutinosae occur, as well as hygrophilous ash-alder woods from the alliance Alno-Padion,
which continue on hygrophilous oak-broom woods Genisto elatae-Quercetum roboris, where the
underground water is low. Naturally occurring eutrophication induces the development of humid
nitrophillous vegetation from the alliances Bidention and Chenopodion rubri, which corresponds with
mesic nitrophillous vegetation from the alliances Polygono-Chenopodion and Arction lappae.
The site covers a total of 512,91ha. The land cover types are Inland water bodies of standing and
running water (35%), Bogs, Marshes, Water fringed vegetation, Fens (5%), Humid or Mesophile
grassland (15%), Broadleaved deciduous woodland (20%) and other land (25%).
Habitat
type
Coverage
in site
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
3130
5%
3150
35 %
6510
5%
7230
30 %
91E0
15 %
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
urbanized area (400), household

waste (421), invasion by species (954),
(701), canalization (830)
paths (501), drying out (951), disposal
of household waste (421), water
pollution (701) , eutrophication (952),
use of pesticides (110), fertilisation
(120), soil pollution (703), grazing
(140), invasion by species (954),
discharges (400), mines (330)
water pollution (701), mowing/cutting
(102), disposal of household waste
(421), eutrophication (952), invasion
by species (954)
use of pesticides (110), fertilization
(120), invasion by species (954),
eutrophication (952), sand and gravel
extraction (300)

sewage, remove invasive species,
waste management
sewage, waste management,
control use of pesticides and
fertlilizers, remove invasive
species
Water management, sustainable
waste management, remove
invasive species
26
Biodiversity

Focal Species
Population
size
Nymphea alba
Bombina
variegata
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
drying out (951)
Conserve wetlands
water pollution (701)
Water management

Drainage and drying out of wetlands

Construction of roads
Mines
Mowing of reed beds
Illegal dumping places
Invasive species.

Prohibit mowing of reed beds
Remove mines
Remove constructed roads.
27
Biodiversity
Regulate sewage system

Evaluate natural values in the area of Velika and Mala Tiina
Establish protected area under national legislation.
28
Biodiversity
8. Donji Svilaj (Bosanski amac)
The site is situated by the road between Bosanski Brod and Bosanski amac. The Natura 2000 focal
habitat types are distributed in a mosaic structure. The most important area with valuable wetland
complex are found on the right side of the road in a natural depression where water maintains
throughout the year. Along the trail running from the main road to the wetland, illegal dumping places
were found.
Since water in the site is very shallow (50-60 cm depth), its surface is covered by floating vegetation.
Predominant are plant communities of the alliances Magnopotamion and Hydrocharition of which 80%
are communities with Marsilea quadrifolia. At the same time, oligotrophic communities prevail here
with aquatic ferns. The inshore belt is covered by different kind of communities with rushes
(Typhaetum), sedges (Phragmition) and reeds (Magnocaricetalia). In this vegetation zone, with shallow
water and muddy bottom, plant communities with Chara sp occur. On the inshore belt where the
wetland is very shallow patches of Isoeto-Nanojuncetea communities are found. In the broader area of
the wetland, small patches of hygrophilous grasslands from the alliances Deschampsion caespitosae and
Agropyro-Rumicion occur. The reed beds are continued by smaller patches of woods with willow Salicion
albae and alder Alnion glutinosae, while on semi-terrestric and terrestric soil oak to oak-hornbeam
communities are found.
Habitat
type
Coverage
in site
3130
1%
3140
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
Threats and Impacts
Proposed actions
disposal of household waste (421)
Waste management
1%

sewage
3150
35 %
water pollution (701), dykes,

embankments (870), modification of
hydrographic functioning, general
(850), eutrophication (952),
6510
1%
6450
1%
7230
5%
91G0
5%
91E0
10 %
fertilization (120), dykes, embankments

(870), invasive species (954)
flooding (840), modification of
(850), invasions by species (954)
management of aquatic and bank veg.
for dreinage (811), modification of
(850), water pollution (701),
forestry clearance (164), discharges
(420)
forest exploitation without replanting
(167), urbanized areas (400), continous
urbanization (401)

sewage
Control use of pesticides and
fertilizers, remove invasive species
Conserve wetlands, remove
invasive species
regulate sewage, plan construction
of dispersed settlements
Waste management
sustainable waste management,
plan construction
29
Biodiversity

Focal Species
Population
size
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
Marsilea
quadrifolia
Ciconia nigra
Egretta alba
Nycticorax
nycticorax
Dendrocopos
medius
forestry clearance (164),

pollution (700)
Removal of fauna, general
(240)
Conserve wetland habitat types,

waste management, water
management
Conserve wetlands, sustainable
forest management
Conserve wetlands
electricity lines (511), forestry

clearance (164)

Plan construction, Sustainable
forest management

Waste
Water pollution
Disturbances in water regime
Forestry clearance
Invasive species.
Improve waste management

30
Biodiversity
Control and remove invasive species.

Maintain natural water regime and integrate water management with nature protection needs
31
Biodiversity
9. Bardaa
Bardaa covers 3.500 ha. It is positioned on the
riverbank of the Vrbas River towards its estuary in
the Sava River 30 km North of Banja Luka. The Sava
and Vrbas rivers have had a powerful impact on the
natural features of the Bardaa wetland area. At
present, the complex of Bardaa encompasses
artificial 11 fish ponds. These lakes are supplied by
water from several lowland rivers inclduing Matura,
Stublaja and Brzaja rivers. The surface of the fish
ponds covers 700 ha. At present, the fish ponds of
Bardaa produces warm water species such as carp.
Besides the fish ponds, the site also contains 10ha of
natural occuring bogs and swamps.
In April 2007, Bardaa was designated as Ramsar
site. Bardaa contains very important habitat for
more than 100 birds. More than 180 different
animal species have been registered in the site.
The site holds high diversity of habitat types and of
flora and fauna, especially fish, amphibians, reptiles,
birds and aquatic mammals. Open water is inhabited
by floating vegetation prevailed by communities of
Magnopotamion and Hydrocharition with species
like Nuphar luteum, Trapa natans and Nymphaea
alba. In isolated armlets, these communities are
continued by floating vegetation from the alliance
Lemnion. In some parts, patches with very rare plant species Hydrocharis morsus ranae, as well as of
community with Salvinia natans and Marsilea quadrifolia are found. The Bardaa region is one of the
most famous finding places of Marsilea quadrifolia.
Since the water is relatively warm, the natural eutrophication results in the occurence of typical
submerged communities with Myriophyllum, Ceratophyllum, Hippuris etc. On the inshore belt and in
shallow water, large reed beds of Magnocaricetalia and Phragmitetalia occur, which encompass sedge
communities with rare species, such as Butomus umbellatus, Sagittaria sagitifolia, Rumex
hydrolapathum, Iris pseudacorus etc. On the inshore belt, also Isoeto-Nanojunceteta communities are
found, which on nutrient rich soil is continued by hygrophilous communities of Bidention and
Chenopodion muralis. Surrounding the fish ponds, significant habitat types of humid nutricient rich
grasslands of Agropyro-Rumicion and Cnidion dubii with the species Althea officinalis, Pulicaria
officinalis, P. disenterica, Trifolium fragiferum, Potentilla anserina, Mentha pulegium, Teucrium botrys.
In well preserved places wetland meadows of Deschampsion are found.
The entire wetland area is covered by hygrophilous communities with purpule willow Salicion
purpureae, willow and poplar Salicion albae and alder Alnion glutinosae. Toward the Sava river these
communities are replaced by flooding communities of ash and snowdrop Leucojo-Fraxinetum. On the
pseudogley soil, hygrophilous woods of oak and broom Genisto elatae-Quercetum roboris occur. In the
direction of Lijeve polje, oak-hornbeam woods Carpino betuli-Quercetum roboris occur.
The site covers a total of 3.500ha. The land cover types are Inland water bodies of standing and running
water (70%), Humid or Mesophile grassland (15%), Broadleaved deciduous woodland (10%) and arable
land (5%).
32
Biodiversity
The site is not protected under national legislation. The site is not under active management for
protecting the biodiversity. But the site is designated as a Ramsar site under the Ramsar Convention.
The ownership of the site is mixed.
Habitat
type
Coverage
in site
3130
10 %
3150
20 %
6510
2%
6430
10 %
6450
5%
7230
25 %
9160
15 %
91F0
10 %
91E0
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
X
x
x
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
fertilization (120), invasion by

species (954), genetic pollution
(964), water pollution (701)
fish aquaculture (200),
eutrophication (952), invasion by
(964) water pollution (701)
grazing (140), fertilization (120),
invasions by species (954),
modification of hydrographic
functioning, general (850), invasion
by species (954), grazing (140)
fertilization (120), grazing (140),
invasions by species (954)
eutrophication (952),
mowing/cutting (102), invasion by
(964)
9160: forest exploitation without
replanting (167), discontinuous
urbanization (402)
-
Water management, remove

invasive species, sustainable
aquaculture, limit use of fertilizers
invasive species, sustainable
aquaculture,limit use of fertilizers

discontinuous urbanization (402)


prohibit mowing

plan construction
plan construction
33
Biodiversity
Focal
Species
Population
size
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
Marsilea
quadrifolia
Crex crex
Eutrophication (952)
sustainable water management,

sustainable aquaculture
Conserve wetlands
Ciconia
ciconia
Ardea
cinerea
Ardeola
ralloides
Egretta alba
Removal of hedges and copses

(151)
Energy transport (510), hunting
(230)
veg. for drainage (811), forestry
clearance (164), hunting (230)
(151), drying (920), hunting (230)
(151), drying (920), hunting (230)
Plan construction
Conserve wetlands, Sustainable
forest management
Conserve wetlands
Conserve wetlands

Removal of aquatic vegetation and mowing of wetlands

Drying out of ponds, empting of ponds
Forestry clearance in the inshore belt
Intense eutrophication by fish food and adding of fertilizers
Invasive animal and plant species ( Amorpha fruticosa)
Over-exploitation arose by fish aquaculture
Eutrophication of river bodies by dung, pesticides, organic dung
Dispersed habitation
Inadequate introduction of species
Hunting.

Prohibit removal of wetlands vegetation
Stop drainage of wetlands
Control introduction of fertilizers
Control hunting
Sustainable aquaculture
Develop agricultural measures
Remove invasive species and control introduction of alien species.
Protect area under national legislation
Develop management plan according to the Ramsar Convention and CBDs directions.
Develop management plan for protected area including measures for restoring habitat types
and species habitats.
34
Biodiversity
10. Srbac
This site is situated on the riverbank of the Vrbas River downstream from Razboj. It includes the area
encircled by the Vrbas and Sava rivers. The largest share of the area is arable land, orchards and
settlements. The site is located on alluvion, deep fluvisol, pseudogley and ilimerised types of soil.
Since the largest proportion of the area makes the estuary of the Vrbas River, oligotrophic and
mesotrophic water communities occur of Isoeto-Nanojuncetea, continued by vegetation of nutrient rich
humid habitat types of Bidention and Chenopodion rubri. Only small areas are covered by humid
grasslands of Agropyro-Rumicion, Agrostion albae. Patches of lowland mowed meadows corresponds to
Alopecurus pratensis dominated plant communities. The most important features of the site is the
flooded hygrophilous forest habitat types with willow and poplar Salicion albae, alder Alnion glutinosae,
ash and snowdrop Leucojo-Fraxinetum, plus Salicion purpureae. Where more drained land, forests of
Ulmus laevis and Ulmus minor, Fraxinus angustifolia are found, as well as common oak Quercus robur.
At present, a significant area along the riverbank are covered by the invasive species Amorpha fruticosa
and Echinocystis lobata.
Habitat
type
Coverage
in site
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
3130
2%
3270
10 %
6510
3%
91E0
10 %
91F0
10 %
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
sand and gravel extraction (300),

invasion by species (954), water
pollution (701), eutrophication (952)
flooding (840), invasion by species
(954), water pollution (701),
use of pesticides (110), roads (502),
invasions by species (954),
functioning, general (850),
discontinuous urbanization (402)
functioning, general (850) forestry
clearance (164), discharges (420)
functioning, general (850) forestry
clearance (164), discharges (420)

invasive species, conserve
wetlands, sustain use of resources
invasive species, conserve
wetlands, sustain use of resources
Plan infrastructural construction,
agricultural measures, remove
invasive species

water management, waste
management
conserve wetlands, sustainable use
of resources, waste management
35
Biodiversity
Table 10.2. Natura 2000 focal speciesin site.

Focal Species
Population
size
Ardea cinerea
Triturus
dobrogicus
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
x
x
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
use of pesticides (110)
Conserve wetlands
Water management

Eutrophication
Invasive species
Gravel extraction
Discharges
Pesticides.
Secure waste management

Balanced forestry clearance.
Control use of pesticides
Control gravel extraction and regulate exploitation of natural resources.
36
Biodiversity
11. Bosanska Gradika
The site is situated several kilometers downstream from Bosanska Gradika at the riverbank of the Sava
River, where the Rijeka makes a huge meander. It extends over alluvial deposits and different types of
hydromorphous soil. The site holds typical lowland landscapes under strong influence of continental
climate. Due to severe anthropogenous impacts, a major proportion of the area has undergone
conversion from natural habitat types into agriculture or construction sites. However, the remaining
natural habitats on the inshore belt play a significant role in the landscape of Bosnian part of the
Posavina region.
On the inshore belt of the Sava River, where the water level oscillates over the year, communities of
Isoeto-Nanojucetea are found, which are continued by nitrophilous plant communities of Bidention
tripartiti and Chenopodion rubri. Only a small area holds fragments of reedbeds and sedges. The most
prominent features of the site are provided by different kind of hygrophilous communities of willow and
poplar forests (alliances Salicion albae), then alder (alliance Alnion glutinosae), ash and snowdrop
(association Leucojo-Fraxinetum), mixed forests of oak and elm (Ulmus laevis and U. minor) which on
the better drained soil are replaced by oak-broom communities of Genisto elatae-Quercetum roboris
and hornbeam-oak communities of Carpino betuli- Quercetum roboris.
running water (25%), Humid or Mesophile grassland (15%), Broadleaved deciduous woodland (50%) and
arable land (10%).
Habitat
type
Coverage
in site
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
3130
3270
6510
3%
91E0
91F0
10 %
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
water pollution (701), modification of

hydrographic functioning (850)
flooding (840), water pollution (701),
Sustainable water management
communication networks (509), roads,

motorways (502), soil pollution (703),
dykes, embankments (870), species
invasion (954)
general forestry management (160),
forestry clearance (164), urbanized
areas (400), discharges (420), water
pollution (701), flooding (840),
invasion by species (954), sand and
gravel exraction (300)
forestry clearance(164), modification
of hydrographic functioning (850),
species invasion (954)
Sustainable water management,

restore riparian forests, control
invasive species
Ecosystem approach in physical
planning, control invasive species

control alien species, prohibit
gravel extraction in wetlands
control invasive species
37
Biodiversity

Focal Species
Population
size
Ciconia ciconia
Dendrocopos
medius
Ciconia nigra
Ardea cinerea
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
forestry clearance(164),
pollution (700), hunting (230)

clearance (164)
pollution (700), hunting (230)

control hunting
Planned infrastructural
construction
control hunting
forest management

bank veg. for drainage (811),

Gravel extraction
Inadequate waste disposal
Forest clearance
Hunting
Invasive species.

38
Biodiversity
Restore wetland habitat types

Manage forests sustainably and introduce close-to-nature forestry,
Control and sustain hunting
Prohibit gravel extraction in wetlands
Apply ecosystem approach when planning infrastructural construction.
Protect site under appropriate national legislation
Prepare Local environmental Action Plan in order to maintain and protect the wetland areas.
39
Biodiversity
12. Trnopolje and Saniani (Prijedor)
The site encompasses the wetland area of
Prijedorsko polje in which a fishpond for warmwater fish species was built. The fishpond is located
around the lower flow of the Gomjenica River 10 km
southeast from Prijedor. Today, this fish pond
complex is suitable for the production of warmwater fish species, such as carp, perch and pike due
to its water quality and general ecological condition.
The main fish pond is built on parapodzolic soil. This
large complex is divided into 34 ponds. The annual
fish production amounts 2000 tons.
Apart from water bodies, the site holds an important
area covered by forests, meadows and pastures,
which encompasses a hunting ground for deer, wild
duck, rabbit, pheasant etc covering 6,000 ha.
The ponds of Saniani provide shelter for many both
hydrophilous and hygrophilous communities.
Especially the coastal belt is inhabited by floating
vegetation of Magnopotamion and Hydrocharition.
Special significance comes to the oligodominant
communities with Nympoides peltata, which in its
flowering stage, with their expressive yellow flowers
give specific features to the entire landscape. In the
coastal belt, on the muddy bottom and with shallow
water, communities of Isoeto-Nanojuncetea occur.
In the coastal zone in the northern and south-eastern part of the lake, various communities of
Magnocaricion and Phragmition are found. Due to intensive natural eutrophication along the Gomjenica
River, Bidention tripartiti and Chenopodion rubric communities occur, which in some places alternate
with communities of high herbaceous wetland vegetation of Filipendulo-Petasition.
Directly on the reed beds follow hygrophilous shrubs from the alliance Salicion purpureae, then white
willow (Salicion alba), black alder (Alnion glutinosae), and fragments of very well-preserved oak forests
Genisto elatae-Quercetum roboris and Carpino betuli-Quercetum roboris, which are continued by the
strip of oak-hornbeam woods of peripannonian character.
Habitat
type
Coverage
in site
3130
3%
3150
20 %
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
x
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
drainage (810), management of water

levels (853), management of aquatic and
bank veg. for drainage (811)
(701), fertilisation (120), management of
aquatic, bank veg. for drainage (811)

ecosystem approach in
management
control use of pesticides, restore
riparian forests
40
Biodiversity
Habitat
type
Coverage
in site
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
3270
10%
6510
1%
7230
10 %
9160
15 %
91E0
10 %
91G0
5%
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
management of water levels (853),

flooding (840), management of aquatic and
bank veg. for drainage (811), species
invasion (954), genetic pollution (964)
management of water levels (853),
cultivation (100), mowing (102)
management of aquatic and bank veg. for
drainage (811), water pollution (701),
modification of hydrographic functioning
(850)
discharges (420), communication networks
(500), forest exploitation without
replanting (167), invasion by species ( 954)

restore riparian forests, control
invasive species
forestry clearance(164), modification of

hydrographic functioning (850), invasion by
species (954), genetic pollution(964)
general forestry management (160),
forestry clearance (164), water pollution
(701), invasion by species (954), genetic
pollution(964)

prohibit vegetation removal
water management

ecosystem approach, control
invasive species, apply close-tonature forestry
41
Biodiversity
Focal
Species
Population
size
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
Marsilea
quadrifolia
functioning (850), management of
aquatic and bank veg. for drainage
(811)
general forestry management
(160), dykes, embankments (870)
removal of hedges and copses
(151), fish aquaculture (200)
Conservation of wetland habitats
Castor fiber
Ardea
cinerea
Ardeola
ralloides

Egretta alba


ecosystem approach
Ecosystem approach in
agriculture, conserve wetlands,
control of fish fodder quality
agriculture, conservation of
wetlands, control fish fodder
quality
agriculture, conserve wetlands,
control of fish fodder quality

Removal of aquatic vegetation

Eutrophication by fish fodder
Improper disposal of waste
Excessive hunting and fishing.
Introduce principles of sustainable aquaculture

Maintain existing conditions for the submerged and floating vegetation
Control hunting and fishing
Control and use environmentally acceptable fish fodder
Apply ecosystem approach in management including when planning infrastructure.
Protect site under appropriate natural legislation
Prepare Local Action Plan for conservation of wetlands.
42
Biodiversity
13. Sprea and Klokotnica
These two small sites are found along the Sprea River near Graanica and lower Brijesnica. The Sprea
River is a tributary to the Bosna River and its mouth is located near Doboj city. This river is 138 km long
and springs in the area of ekovii and flows westwards passing through the alluvial plateau of Spreko
field. The most important tributaries are Gribaja, Oskova, Gostelja, Jala, Sokolua and Brijesnica. The
riverbasin covers 3000km2. Since the Sprea River runs through industrial and power producing zone,
the water quality varies highly.
Along the shore of the Sprea Tiver, hygrophilous vegetation dominated by alder Alnion glutinosae,
white and brittle willow Salicion alba-fragilis and the willow and poplar Salici-Populetum occur, as well
as purple willow Salicion purpureae. On the better drained soil, oak communities Quercion roboripetreae, and oak-hornbeam communities including Erythronio-Carpinion continue. On steeper slopes,
fragments of alkaline fens are found, then hydrophilous tall herbaceous plants and hygrophilous
grasslands of Deschampsion caespitosae, Alopecurion pratensis and Agropyro-Rumicion. In the coastal
belt on the muddy bottom, fragments of Isoeto-Nanojuncetea exist, while in the armlets with standing
water, fragments of communities with Chara sp. along with fragments of eutrophic floating vegetation
of Magnopotamion are found. In the faster flowing water fragments of Ranunculion fluitantis, and on
nutricient rich riverbanks communities of Bidention tripartite are found. On terrestrial parts, fragments
of mesophilous meadows of Arrhenatherion exist. Arable land are also found in the sites.
Habitat
type
Coverage
in site
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
3130
1%
3140
1%
3150
2%
3260
1%
3270
5%
6450
2%
6510
2%
7230
2%
91E0
5%
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
functioning (850), water pollution
(701), use of pesticides (110),
canallisation (830)
canallisation (830)
silting up (910), modifing structures of
inland water courses (852), water
pollution (701), use of pesticides
(110), canallisation (830)
functioning (850), water pollution
canallisation (830)
removal of sediments (820), water
pollution (701), use of pesticides
(110), canallisation (830)
flooding (840), invasion by a species
canallisation (830)
mowing/cutting (102), invasion by a
species (954), use of pesticides (110),
canallisation (830)
water pollution (701), invasion by a
species (954)
silting up (910), forestry clearance
(164), invasion by a species (954), use
Water management measures,

sewage system
Control use of pesticides, restore
sewage system
sewage system
sewage system
Control use of pesticides, restore
sewage system
Flooding prevention measures,
sewage system
Agricultural measures, control use
of pesticides, restore sewage
system
43
Biodiversity
Habitat
type
Coverage
in site
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
91G0
5%
91L0
2%
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
of pesticides (110)
control use of pesticides
forestry clearance (164), invasion by a

species (954)
forestry clearance (164), invasion by a
species (954


Focal Species
Population
size
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
Emys
orbicularis
Alcedo atthis
Control fauna collection
removal of fauna (240),

collection (241)
pollution (700)
Ardea cinerea
Nycticorax
nycticorax
Ciconia
ciconia

clearance (164),
clearance (164),
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
Waste management
44
Biodiversity
Forestry clearance
Taking of fauna
Silting up
Invasion by a species
Modification of hydrographic functioning
Use of pesticides
Water pollution
Canallisation
Modifing structures of inland water courses
Mowing/ cutting.
Control removal of fauna

Improve and integrate water management with nature protection needs
Limit modification in hydrographic functions
Restore sewage system
Introduce agricultural measures.
Protect site under appropriate natural legislation
Develop Local Environmental Action Plan in order to enable conservation of wetlands.
45
Biodiversity
14. Plivska jezera
The site includes the Great and the Small Plivska
Lakes and is a natural aquatic complexes formed in
the lower water course of the Pliva River, which is a
tributary of the Vrbas River. The Plivska Lakes are
located in relatively deep valley of the Pliva River,
between lakes in the west and Jajce city in the east.
The Great Lake is positioned at altitude of about
424m, with a total length of 3,3km and average
width of 400 m. Maximum depth of the lake is 36 m.
The Small Lake is to be found in the continuation of
the Great Lake and is 950 m long, while its average
width is about 200 m. The maximum depth of the
Small lake is 25 m. The Plivska Lakes were formed
thanks to barriers made of travertine during its long
geological history, which includes different both
physico-chemical and biological factors. In the past,
the Lake was significantly disturbed by drainage of
water for needs of hydro-accumulation Jajce, as well
as by construction of artificial barriers that have
modified the natural processes of travertine
formation.
The water quality in Pliva River, as well as in Plivska
lakes, is still very good. They hold habitats of high
biodiversity level. The water in the lakes is extremely
rich in ichthyofauna (grayling, Hucho hucho). In
addition to the rich ichthyofauna, there are also
many amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.
Vegetation biodiversity is very complex. In the
coastal belt due to unavoidable process of
eutrophication, occurs floating vegetation of
Magnopotamion, which is continuation of reed beds
of Magnocaricion and Phragmition australis. The
most unique features of the area are the occurrence
of alkaline fens of Caricetalia davallianae on
planohistosol soil. This is a shelter for a large number
of relict species and communities (Menianthes trifoliata, Ranunculus lingua, Iris pseudacorus, Carex
davalliana, C. Panicea, Eriophorum latifolium and others). On the coastal belt, especially along the Small
Lake fragments of Isoeto-Nanojuncetea communities occur, while in the armlets communities from
benthic vegetation type with Chara sp. are developed. In the area where the river spreads fragments of
Ranunculion fluitantis communities occur.
In areas, nitrophilous communities of Bidention and Chenopodion rubric are prevailing, whereby between hygrophilous meadows and forest communities - communities of Filipendulo-Petasition occur,
which continue to hygrophilous grasslands from the allainces Agropyro-Rumicion, Deschampsion
caespitosae, Molinion coeruleae. In the upper part of the Great Plivsko Lake, communities of transitional
fens are developed. In the coastal zone hygrophilous forests and willow shrubs of Salicion purpureae
and Salicion cinereae, then Salicion albae and Alnion glutinosae occur. Also, oak-hornbeam forests
Querco-Carpinetum betuli occur in higher positions and are on northern facing slopes replaced by beech
forests, while on southern slopes thermophilous oak communities of Quercetalia pubescentis occurs.
46
Biodiversity
Habitat
type
Coverage
in site
3130
3140
3150
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
700 (Pollution)
Regulate sewage
700 (Pollution)
Regulate sewage
952 (eutrophication)
3260
3270
840 flooding
Waste management, water

magement in upper part of stream
Waste management, water
magement in upper part of stream
Restore riparian forests
6430
421 (disposal of household waste)
Waste management
6440
120 (fertilization)
Use organic fertilisers
6450
502 (roads, motorways)
6510
502 (roads, motorways)
7230
7140
91E0
420 (discharges), 701 (water

pollution)
420 (discharges), 701 (water
pollution)
164 (forestry clearance)

planning
planning
Waste management, Regulate
sewage
Waste management, Regulate
sewage
91G0
47
Biodiversity
Focal Species
Population
size
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
Hippuris
vulgaris
Alcedo atthis
701 (water pollution)
Regulate sewage
811 (management of aquatic and

bank vegetation for drainage)
bank vegetation for drainage), 164
Protect Plivsko jezero
Ardea cinerea

Waste
Canallisation
Tourism
Unsustainable forestry
Eutrophication
Water taking with energetic and industrial purposes
Infrastructure.

Restore and regulate sewage system
Water monitoring and improved water management
Apply sustainable construction and building activities and control urbanization.
Evaluate natural values of Plivsko jezero
Establish protected area under appropriate national legislation.
48
Biodiversity
15. Ribnjak Prnjavor
The site is situated at the road Derventa-Prnjavor,
near trpci. In the past, large fish ponds were
established on this terrain. These fish ponds are
composed of several hydrologic and producing units.
Good quality water for the fish ponds comes from
different tributaries of the Ukrina River. For
decades, warm-water fish species, such as carp are
produced. Lately, there have emerged various
oscillations in both production and economic plan
due to property transition.
The open water of the fish pond and the numerous
armlets represent today habitats for both
submerged
and
floating
vegetation
of
Magnopotamion and Hydrocharition. Especially outstanding are the fragments of well preserved
communities of Nymphaeion albae in the upper ponds with Nuphar luteum.
In the coastal belt on muddy soil, fragments of communities of Isoeto-Nanojuncetea exist along standing
water. This vegetation is continued by discontinuous zone of reed beds. On boggy soil, communities of
Magnocaricetalia and Phragmitetalia are developed. Due to different eutrophication processes,
nitrophilous hydric vegetation of Chenopodion rubri and Bidention occur, which in shadowed places is
continued by hydrophilous tall herb communities of Filipendulo-Petasition. In the coastal belt
communities of hydrophilous forests and shruberies occur, such as purple willow Salicion purpureae,
white willow Salicion albae, alder Alnion glutinosae and oak-broom communities continued by oakhornbeam communities. On better drained soil, sessile oak-hornbeam communities prevail. There is a
large area covered by crops of corn, wheat etc.
running water (55%), Humid or Mesophile grassland (10%), Broadleaved deciduous woodland (20%) and
other land (15%).
Habitat
type
Coverage
in site
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
3130
1%
3150
10 %
3270
5%
6430
5%
7230
15 %
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
811 ( management of aquatic and bank

vegetation for drainage), 954 (invasion
by a species)
120 (fertilization), 853 (management of
water levels), 954 (invasion by a species)
Remove invasive species,

sustainable water management
870 (Dykes, embankments, artificial

beaches, general), 890 (Other human
induced changes in hydraulic
conditions), 954 (invasion by a species)
850 (Modification of hydrographic
functioning, general), 954 (invasion by a
species), 964 (genetic pollution)
102 (mowing / cutting), 701 (water
pollution), 952 (eutrophication)
Sustainable water and waste

magement, remove invasive
species, sustainable agriculture,
control fertilizers
Preserve wetlands, remove
invasive species,flood control,
Conserve wetland biodiversity,
Sustainable water and waste
49
Biodiversity
management
91E0
15 %
9160
15 %

functioning, general), 160 (General
Forestry management), 164 (forestry
clearance)
164 (forestry clearance) , 420
(Discharges), 500 (Communication
networks)
Sustainable forest and water

management

physical planning with ecosystem
approach

Focal Species
Population Conservation
size
Status
A
B
C
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
Marsilea
quadrifolia
Nymphea alba
Crex crex
200 (Fish and Shellfish Aquaculture), 850

(Modification of hydrographic functioning,
general), 952 (eutrophication), 811
(management of aquatic and bank
vegetation for drainage)
200 (Fish and Shellfish Aquaculture), 850
general), 952 (eutrophication), 811 (
management of aquatic and bank
230 (Hunting)
Sustainable agriculture,
Control fertilizers,
Sustainable water
management, Conserve
wetland biodiversity
Sustainable agriculture,
Control fertilizers,
Sustainable water
management, Conserve
wetland biodiversity
Sustainable hunting
Aythya nyroca
230 (Hunting)
Sustainable hunting
Ardea cynerea
Ardea
ralloides

Conserve and restore

wetland ecosystem diversity
Conserve and restore
50
Biodiversity
Eutrophication
Discharges
Invasive species
Uncontrolled exploitation of fish resources
Overhunting
Removal of floating and submerged vegetation.
Apply sustainable use of fish fodder

Control and remove invasive fishes and plants
Restore wetland ecosystems.
Improve and integrate water management with nature protection needs
Sustainable fishery
Manage forests sustainable and introduce close-to-nature forest management
Secure sustainable waste management
Sustain and control hunting.
Establish protected areas for upper ponds with preserved aquatic and wetland communities.
Develop Action Plan for preserving wetland ecosystems and their functions.
51
Biodiversity
16. Odak - Vojskova
The site Vojskova is situated at the Bosna River
mouth on the riverbank of the Sava River. The
backbone of the site makes the armlet of the Bosna
River, which meanders north connecting physically
with the Sava River. In geological respect, this is
alluvial terrain with deep hydromorphous soils. This
armlet is being supplied by underground water both
from Sava and Bosna rivers, as well as by its own
springs. At the and of this armlet, a dam towards the
Sava River regulates the water level. During seasons
with high water in the Sava River, the dam serves as
retention. In warmer periods of the year, when
water level drops, the armlet gets features of natural
occuring habitat types and represents a shelter for numerous species. Among local population this kind
of habitats are known as staraa, and this is one of the largest and best preserved locations currently
in the Bosanska Posavina region.
The territory of Vojskova is situated in the zone of agricultural land with intensive production. Main
biodiversity of Vojskova consists of well preserved communities of eutrophic lakes of the alliances
Magnopotamion and Hydrocharition, in which the most significant are plant communities with Nuphar
luteum and Nymphaea alba, then floating vegetation with ferns Salvinia natans and Marsilea
quadrifolia, as well as the communities from the alliance Lemnion minoris. Around the entire aquatic
area occurs the zone with reed beds from the orders Magnocaricetalia and Phragmitetalia. On muddy
inshore terrain, communities of Isoeto-Nanojuncetea, which are being continued by nitrophilous
vegetation from the alliance Bidention, e.g. Chenopodion rubri. Also smaller areas of the coastal belt
correspond with hygrophilous grasslands from the alliance Agropyro- Rumicion. Terrestrial ecosystems,
along the coastline of Staraa, different hygrophilous shrub communities of Salicion purpureae, Salicion
albae, then white and black poplar of Populion, alder (Alnion glutinosae), and ash and elm communities
have developed. These communities are replaced by hygrophilous oak woods Genisto elatae-Quercetum
roboris. For the ecoton communities, these are mainly peripannonian natural fences with following
species: Euonymus europaeus, Prunus spinosa, Cornus sanguinea etc.
running water (40%), Humid or Mesophile grassland (5%) and arable land (55%).
Habitat
type
Coverage
in site
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
3150
5%
3270
<5%
6510
10 %
7230
15 %
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
910 (Silting up), 852 (modifying

structures of inland water courses)
910 (Silting up), 852 (modifying
120 (fertilization), 850 (Modification of
hydrographic functioning, general)

preservation of wetlands biodiversity
Maintenance of wetland habitats,
sustainable use of pesticides and
fertilizers
prohibition of lodging in coastal belt
300 (Sand and gravel extraction), 164

(forestry clearance), 850 (Modification
of hydrographic functioning)
52
Biodiversity
Habitat
type
Coverage
in site
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
91E0
20 %
300 (Sand and gravel extraction), 910

(Silting up), 120 (fertilization)
Conservation of wetland biodiversity,

Fig. 16.1: Distribution map of Natura 2000 focal habitat types in site.

Focal Species
Population
size
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
Ciconia
ciconia
Ciconia nigra
Crex crex
Ardea cinerea
Bombina
variegata
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
511 (electricity lines), 164 (forestry

clearance)
511 (electricity lines), 164 (forestry
clearance)
151 (removal of hedges and copses),
811 ( management of aquatic and
bank vegetation for drainage), 164
(forestry clearance)
701 (water pollution) , 853
(management of water levels)
Ecological corridors in physical

planning, sustainable forestry
wetland ecosystem
53
Biodiversity
Deforestation in the coastal belt

Removal of wetland vegetation
Waste disposal
Use of fertilizers
Use of pesticides
Invasive species
Disturbances of water regime.
Remove waste
Stop mowing in wetland habitat types.
Control utilisation of natural resources
Apply sustainable waste management and prohibit illegal waste disposal
Apply sustainable fishery and aquaculture
Integrate water management with nature protection needs and regulate hydrological regime to
natural conditions
Apply ecosystem approach in the management and physical planning
Reintroduce traditional land use and agricultural practises.
Establish protected area under appropriate national legislation.
Prepare management plan for the protected area and action plan for biodiversity protection.
54
Biodiversity
Sites important for biodiversity along the Sava River in Croatia
17. Sava
This site involves the whole Sava River on Croatian
territory. The length of Sava River in Croatia is 510
km. The river section is managed by Croatian
Waters.
The site covers a total area of 12.373,35 ha. The site
has been included in the Croatian ecological
network. There is no active nature management for
the river stretch.

Habitat
type
Coverage
in site
3150
91E0
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
X
0.03
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
810 (Drainage),811 (management of

aquatic and bank veg. for drainage),
853 (management of water levels), 870
(Dykes, embankments, artificial
beaches)
811 (management of aquatic and bank
veg. for drainage), 830 (canalisation),
beaches)
Reduce management /cleaning of river

banks from aquatic vegetation. Stop
conversion of natural gravel and sand
beaches into artificial beaches
Maintain natural vegetation along river
banks, incl. reduce management
/cleaning of river banks from
vegetation
Fig. 17.1. Site map of the Sava River stretch for Croatia.
55
Biodiversity
Focal Species
Population
size
Castor fiber
Eudontomyzon
spp.
Leuciscus
souffia
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
X
30-45% of
national
population
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions

bank veg. for drainage), 830
(Canalization) , 870 (Dykes,
embankments, artificial beaches),
422 (disposal of industrial waste)
Maintain natural vegetation along

river banks. Leave narrow line of
vegetation along bigger channels.
Regulate waste disposal and ensure.
Waste water treatment. Prevent
large river regulation projects
Reduce industrial, agricultural and
communal waste water disposal.
Reduce removal of bank vegetation
and destroying natural pebble and
muddy banks. Ensure undisturbed
fish migration (fish paths)
communal waste water disposal.
Reduce removal of bank vegetation
and ban extraction of gravel / ban
destruction of natural gravel and
sandbanks. Ensure undisturbed fish
migration. Prevent disturbance of
Sutla river mouth. Ensure
revitalization of Krapina river mouth.
700 (Pollution), 954 (invasion by a

species), 422 (disposal of industrial
waste)
700 (Pollution), 954 (invasion by a

species), 422 (disposal of industrial
waste)

Drainage
Management of water levels
Canalisation
Dykes, embankments, artificial beaches, general
Disposal of industrial waste
Pollution
Invasion by a species.
Develop River Basin Management plan with focus on the Sava river as ecological network site
with its key species
Ensure Management plan implementation
Promote and educate local people on the high biodiversity value of the Sava River.
Present protection status that the river is not categorised as a protected area, but the site is
included in the Croatian ecological network management as ecological network site should be
effective enough to ensure its preservation and favourable conservation status.
56
Biodiversity
18. Sava Hruica
The site alongside the Sava River near Hruica is
an important place for bird species connected to
river habitats. The site is located where the Sava
River slows down in velosity and changes into a
lowland river, with precipitating sediment. The
gravel banks and islands, both bare and
overgrown, have developed and naturally steep
riversides with willow and poplar are well
conserved. This is an area rich in water species,
which makes it a good feeding area for birds and
endangered species such as Sterna albifrons and
Sterna hirundo.
The site is extremely endangered, especially by the
planned construction of a hydro power plant, occasional gravel extraction, water pollution due to
release of waste water from Zagreb city and recreational activities.
The site covers a total area of 1.758,82 ha. The main land use types are water bodies and water flows
(21.23%); wetlands (3.73%); broadleaved forest of willow, poplar, ash, alder and pedunculate oak
(16.24%); arable land with large natural vegetation areas (40.1%); intensively farmed land (11.77%);
active rural areas/urbanized rural areas (5.83%); city housing area (0.33%) and places for mineral
exploitation (0.76%).
One part of the site covering 342.54 ha has been marked for protection as a Special Ornithological
Reserve according to the Croatian protection system. The whole site is included in the Croatian National
ecological network as an important bird area and is planned designated as a Natura 2000 site. There is
no active management.
Habitat
type
Coverage
in site
91E0
10,09
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
X
91F0
6,15
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions

veg. for drainage), 830 (canalization),
beaches)
Prevent further large river regulation

projects (new hydro power plants).
Reduce management /cleaning of
river banks from vegetation. Maintain
present groundwater levels
Maintain present groundwater levels.
Adapt forest management practices.
160 (General Forestry management)
57
Biodiversity
Fig. 18.1. Distribution map of Natura 2000 focal habitat types in site.

Focal
Species
Population
size
Sterna
hirundo
50-80p
(breed)
Sterna
albifrons
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
820 (Removal of sediments

(mud...), 830 (Canalization),
701 water pollution
20p (breed)

701 water pollution)
Alcedo
atthis
1-2p
(resident)

701 water pollution
Ardeola
ralloides
P (stage): R

701 water pollution
Nycticorax
nycticorax
P (stage): C

701 water pollution
Ciconia
nigra
1-2i
(breeding)*

Prevent further river regulation projects,

further canalization, etc. Prevent
extraction of sand and gravel. Ensure
wastewater treatment and regulate and
monitor wastewater disposal
waste water treatment and regulate and
58
Biodiversity
Focal
Species
Population
size
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
701 water pollution

Ensure incentives for extensive livestock
farming
-
Aythya
nyroca
P (stage): R

701 water pollution
Haliaeetus
albicilla
1-2i
(resident)

701 water pollution
Lanius
collurio
Ficedula
albicollis
50-100p
(breed)
P (stage)
141(abandonment of pastoral
systems)
701 water pollution
Castor fiber
nonsignificant
Nonsignificant
Lutra lutra


Canalization
General Forestry management
Abandonment of pastoral systems
Removal of sediments
Water pollution.
Develop River Basin Management plan with special focus on Sava-Hruica River as a site
included in the Croatian ecological network site with its key species or develop separate
Management plan for the site, including measures for stopping the river canalization, renewing
wetland areas alongside river, and ensuring purification of city waste waters
Capacity build County public institutions in management of protected areas to ensure
Management plan implementation
Educate local people on biodiversity value of the area and its protected species and habitats.
Present protection status of the site is that protection is planned for part of the site as a special
ornithological reserve. The whole site is included in the Croatian ecological network as an
important bird area. Management as ecological network site should be effective enough to
ensure its preservation and favourable conservation status.
59
Biodiversity
19. Savica
The Savica site represents a complex of wetland
habitat types on the left riverside of Sava in the
Zagreb city area. This area is important for nesting,
feeding and wintering of many bird species. Also,
old trees of willows and poplars are of great value
as hollow trees for bats and birds. Besides birds,
the Savica site is an area important for other
protected species such as: Lutra lutra (otter), Emys
orbicularis (pond turtle) and the fish species Aspius
aspius and Cobitis elongatoides. Also, there are
favourable conditions for re-introducing the
regionally extinct Natura 2000 fish species Umbra
krameri.
The armlet Savica has been separated from the Sava River in 1965, where the dyke was built. Today, the
Savica receives water from the outlets of the nearby thermal power plant, which has become the
precondition of its survival. The water discharged from the power plant into the Savica is mixed with
mechanically purified and neutralized water, which is mildly heated. Therefore the water in the Savica
(and also in the Savica site) is never completely frozen so birds can find open water areas also during the
winter period.
The site covers a total area of 79.31 ha. The land use types are water bodies (40%), arable land with
large natural vegetation areas (14.53%); public green surfaces (19.53%); city/housing areas (26.95%).
The invasive species are: Ameiurus melas, Lepomis gibbosus, Carassius gibelio, Gambusia aphinis and
Myocastor coypus.
The armlet Savica is the only armlet left from the Slovenia border to the place Veleevac in Croatia all
the others are buried, meliorated or dried out. Being a part of the city, the area is endangered by
development of the physical and municipality plans and expansion of the city territory.
In 2006, the Savica site was pronounced as an Ornithological Reserve according to Croatian nature
protection scheme. Also, it is part of the Croatian ecological network. The sport-fishing society
Peenica is supervising and taking care of the area. The Croatian Ornithological Society is monitoring
the birds in this area. The site is managed by the Croatian Public Institution for Protected Nature Values,
which is obliged to develop a management plan for the site.
The Natura 2000 focal habitat types: There are no Natura 2000 habitat types in this site.
Focal Species
Population
size
Lanius collurio
Nycticorax
nycticorax
Sterna hirundo
Alcedo atthis
Halliaetus
albicilla
Saxicola rubetra
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
P (breed):R
P (stage):C
220 (Leisure fishing)
Regulate fishing activities (number of

fisherman, avoiding nesting sites etc.)
-
V* (resident)
P (stage): R
10p
(breeding)
1p* (resident)
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
60
Biodiversity
Focal Species
Population
size
Botaurus
stellaris
Ardea cinerea
1-3i
(wintering)
C* (resident)
Ardeola ralloides
P (stage): V
Aythya nyroca
R (wintering)
Ciconia ciconia
P (stage): V
Egretta alba
P (stage): R
Phalacrocorax
pygmeus
Lutra lutra
P (stage): R
490 (Other urbanisation,

industrial and similar
activities), 700 (Pollution)
Regulate/prevent further urbanization

of surrounding area. Ensure waste
water treatment and regulate/monitor
wastewater disposal
Castor fiber
Emys orbicularis
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
490 (Other urbanisation,

industrial and similar
activities), 700 (Pollution)
Regulate and prevent further

urbanization of surrounding area.
Ensure wastewater treatment and
regulate/monitor wastewater disposal

Main threats on Natura 2000 focal species:
Leisure fishing
Other urbanisation, industrial and similar activities
Pollution.
Develop River Basin Management plan with special focus on Savica area as national ecological
network site with its key species
Capacity build County public institutions for management of protected areas to ensure
Management plan implementation
Promote site and educate local people on the high biodiversity value of this area
Conserve habitat types and species through an environmental impact assessment of projects
and plans prior to granting permissions.
Present protection status of the site is that in 2006 preventive protection came into force and
the site is part of the Croatian ecological network. In 2009, background document was prepared
for the protection of Savica in the category as ornithological reserve as a part of the Croatian
ecological network.
61
Biodiversity
20. Turopolje
This is a lowland site between the rivers Odra and
Sava. A considerable part of the area is the large
wet meadows, important for nesting of Crex crex,
i.e. 10.7 % of the Croatian population of this
species is nesting in the site. The Quercus robur
forests are developed on the north riverside of the
river Odra, and are very important for
reproduction of Haliaeetus albicilla (white-tailed
eagle). The rest of the habitat types are mosaic
landscapes and willow/poplar forest along Sava.
The site is characterised by well preserved large
wet (periodically flooded) pastures with cattle
herds and native local breeds including the
Croatian Posavian horse and Turopolje pig.
The site covers a total area of 22.749.34 ha. The land use types are city areas (2.43%); intensively
farmed land (10.16%); pastures and natural grasslands (5.08%); pastures and natural grasslands
combined with broadleaved forest (16.45%); broadleaved forest (42.41%); arable land with large natural
vegetation areas (23.33%); water bodies and water flows (0.09%) and wetlands (0.04%).
The site is currently not exposed to larger menaces. Main threats are the change of water level in wet
forests due to drainage, intensive forest management, changes in traditional ways of farming, water
canalling and enhanced or illegal hunting.
One part of the site is protected as an Important Landscape according to Croatian nature protection
scheme. The whole site forms part of the Croatian ecological network and defined as an internationally
important bird area to be included in the Natura 2000 network. The site is managed by the Sisakomoslavaka and Zagrebaka Counties Public Institutions for Protected Nature Values.
Habitat
type
Coverage
in site
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
6440
4.03
6510
0.64
91F0
30.66
9160
11.16
91E0
0.45
110 (Use of pesticides), 141

(abandonment of pastoral systems),
beaches, general)
141 (abandonment of pastoral
systems)
160 (General Forestry management),
166 (removal of dead and dying trees),
230 (Hunting), 853 (management of
water levels)
beaches, general)
Ensure incentives for extensive

livestock farming. Regulate use of
pesticides. Maintain present water
level regime
livestock farming
Adapt forest management practices
Endorse management according to
FSC
Reduce management /cleaning of
62
Biodiversity

Focal Species
Population
size
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
Haliaeetus
albicilla
2p
(resident)
160 (General Forestry

management)
Crex crex
systems)
Ficedula
albicollis
Ciconia nigra
30-40p
(breed)
1500-4000p
(breed)
3-4p (breed)
From December till June - prohibit all

management activities in forest
compartments with active nests.
Ensure constant percentage of dead
(standing and lying) and old trees,
especially old cavity trees in all forests
livestock farming
Dendrocopos
medius
X
th
th

management)
400-500p
(resident)

management), 166 (removal of
dead and dying trees)
From 15 of April till 15 of August prohibit all management activities in

forest compartments with active nests
Alcedo atthis
2-3p (breed)
Lanius minor
2-5p (breed)
Lanius collurio
3000-4000p
(breed)
systems)
systems)

livestock farming
livestock farming
Ardea cinerea
P (stage): R
63
Biodiversity
Focal Species
Population
size
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
Saxicola
rubetra
Aquila
pomarina
3000-4000p
(breed)
1-2p
Nycticorax
nycticorax
Lutra lutra
P (stage): R
P (resident)
Castor fiber
8 fam
(resident)
Myotis
bechsteini
Rhinolophus
ferrumequinum
Miniopterus
94i (breed)
schreibersi
Bombina
P (resident)
bombina
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions

systems), 160 (General Forestry
management)

th
livestock farming. From 15 of April till
th
15 of August prohibit all management
activities in forest compartments with
active nests. Ensure constant
percentage of dead (standing and lying)
and old trees, especially old cavity
trees in all forests
830 (canalization), 870 (Dykes,

embankments, artificial
beaches, general)
Prevent further regulation projects.

banks from vegetation
811 (management of aquatic

and bank veg. for drainage),
beaches, general)

Stop or reduce management /cleaning
of river banks from vegetation. Leave
narrow line of woody and herbaceous
vegetation along watercourses
810 (Drainage), 700 (pollution)
Preserve natural and artificial standing

water bodies in forests and along
forest roads. Stop drainage of wet
habitats. Control waste and
wastewater disposal
water bodies in forests and along
forest roads. Stop drainage of wet
habitats. Control waste and
wastewater disposal
Actively preserve natural standing
water bodies. Keep natural stream
flow. Stop drainage of wet habitats.
Control waste and wastewater disposal
water bodies rich with vegetation. Stop
drainage of wet habitats. Control waste
and wastewater disposal
water bodies. Ensure preservation of
present water level regime
Bombina
variegata
P (resident)
Emys
orbicularis
P (resident)
810 (Drainage)
Triturus
dobrogicus
P (resident)
Marsilea
quadrifolia
810 (Drainage), 853


Use of pesticides
Drainage
Canalization
Dykes, embankments, artificial beaches
64
Biodiversity

Hunting
management of water levels
Pollution
Removal of dead and dying trees.
Integrate water management with nature protection needs with focus on securing natural water
regime
Introduce close-to-nature forestry and harmonise with nature protection needs
Develop management plan with special focus on Turopolje as a site in the Croatian ecological
network site with key species and habitat types
Capacity build County public institutions in managing protected areas and ecological network
Ensure management plan implementation
Promote and educate local people on the high biodiversity value of this area as well as on the
importance of extensive livestock farming
Secure financial support for extensive (traditional) agriculture
Regulate hunting and prevent illegal hunting
Present protection status is that one part of the site is protected in the category as important
landscape. The whole site is a part of the Croatian ecological network as an important bird area.
Management of this site by County public institution and appropriate assessment of projects
and plans should ensure maintenance of good conservation status of species and habitats.
65
Biodiversity
21. Odransko polje
This site contains importnat grassland habitat
types and spacious Common oak forests. Together
with the wet grasslands and the Odra River, the
oak forests are very important habitats for some of
Europes endangered bird species like Haliaeetus
albicilla and Crex crex. The Odra River is the source
of water for the floodplain pastures and for the
cattle.
Odransko polje is also a valuable area for cattlebreeding because of its many pastures. There are
still well preserved extensive grasslands and the
local inhabitants have an interest in maintaining
the extensive livestock farming. Through livestock
farming they will conserve the native breeds, like the Croatian Posavian horse of which almost 70% of
the population is held in this area and the Turopolje pig. Pigs are held in the open throughout the year.
They are maintaining the grassland vegetation and preventing succession of pasture. Extensive livestock
farming is one of the most important measures in biodiversity and landscape conservation at this site.
Odransko polje represents a large part of the retention flood defence system of the Middle Posavina
area. In European context, this retention area is a positive example for flood protection. This is a flood
protection area important not only for Croatia, but also for Slovenia and Bosnia. Some of the protected
species found are Fritillaria meleagris, many of the Orchid sp., Marsilea quadrifolia, 12 species of
amphibian, 7 reptile species, 38 breeding bird species and 31 mammal species.
The site covers a total area of 9.401,90 ha. The land use types are pastures and natural wet grasslands
(26.42%); broadleaved forest (60.55%); arable land with natural vegetation areas (11.87%) and
intensively farmed land (1.17%).
The invasive species is Amorpha fruticosa.
The Odransko polje site is protected as an Important Landscape according to Croatian nature protection
scheme. Odransko polje site is included in the Croatian Ecological Network. The County Public Institution
for Protected Nature Values is managing this site.
Habitat
type
Coverage
in site
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
6440
10.48
110 (Use of pesticides), 141

(abandonment of pastoral systems),
870 (Dykes, embankments, beaches)
systems)

livestock farming. Regulate use of
pesticides. Maintain water regime
livestock farming
Endorse management according to FSC
6510
1.7
9160
11.81
91E0
0.18

beaches, general)

water levels)
Prevent large river regulation projects

(new hydro power plants). Reduce
management /cleaning of river banks
from vegetation. Maintain present
groundwater levels
91F0
12.8
66
Biodiversity

Focal Species
Population
size
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
Crex crex
30-40p
(resident)
>2p (breed)
systems)
-

livestock farming
-
2-3i*

management)
Alcedo atthis
2-3p
From 15 Apr15 Aug prohibit

compartments with nests
-
Ficedula
albicollis
1500-4000p

management)
Lanius collurio
3000-4000p
Lanius minor
2-5p
Aquila
pomarina
1-2i*
(breeding)
systems)
systems)
systems),
management)
Saxicola rubetra
3000-4000p
Ciconia ciconia
C (breeding)
Haliaeetus
albicilla
Ciconia nigra
systems)
systems)

livestock farming
livestock farming
livestock farming. From 15 Apr15 Aug
prohibit management activities in
forest compartments with nests
livestock farming
livestock farming
67
Biodiversity
Nycticorax
nycticorax
Lutra lutra
P (stage): C
Castor fiber
8 fam
(resident)
Rhinolophus
ferrumequinum
Emys orbicularis
Marsilea
quadrifolia

beaches, general)
and bank veg. for drainage),
beaches, general)
-

banks from vegetation
Prevent further river regulation
projects. Stop or reduce management
/cleaning of river banks from
vegetation. Leave line of wood and
bush vegetation along watercourses
-
810 (Drainage)
Actively preserve natural standing

water bodies. Keep natural stream
flow. Stop drainage of wet habitats.
Control waste and wastewater disposal
water bodies. Ensure present water
regime
810 (Drainage), 853


Use of pesticides
Removal of dead and dying trees
Hunting
canalization
Drainage
Management of water levels.
Develop Management plan and prepare/adopt Ordinance order with special focus on including
the site in the Croatian ecological network
Entrust management to the owners (or lease holders) though a contract regulating mutual rights
and liabilities as prescribed in Croatian Nature Protection Act
Manage forests sustainably according to FSC forest management principles and criteria
Monitor populations of strictly protected species especially breeding bird species
Secure non-hunting untill mid September. Since quail and Crex crex share same habitat, quail
hunting is endangering the Crex crex
Activate mowing of abandoned grassland habitat types
Apply extensive livestock farming, and ensure incentives
Prevent expansion and intensification of agriculture in the protected area
Integrate water management with nature protection needs and avoid drainage of wetlands with
focus on maintaining existing water regime and leave the site as a natural retention area (and
prevent all of the interventions that could endanger important habitats and species).
Promote and educate local people on the high biodiversity value of this area
Develop program of sustainable tourism based on natural values and local traditional products.
Odransko polje is protected as an important landscape and part of Croatian Ecological Network.
68
Biodiversity
22. Lonjsko polje
The Lonjsko polje Nature Park consists of the central
part of the continental Croatia and the central course
of the Sava River. On both sides of the Sava River,
traditional rural settlements have been well
preserved. Wetlands, one of the most endangered
natural ecosystems and an important part of the
Lonjsko polje Nature Park, represent a great potential
for the preservation of ecological, cultural, economic,
scientific and recreational values.
Over 67% of the Park is classified as lowland riparian
(flooded) forest, representing integral complexes of
oak and ash stands, as well as valuable communities
of alder swamp woods. Wet meadows and pastures
in the Sava valley are extremely important habitats in the conservation of
biodiversity of river ecosystems, and together with the lowland wetland
forests represent a mosaic of the most integral floodplain ecosystem in
the whole bio-geographical area. The wetland habitats of Sava provide
ideal survival conditions for rare animal and plant species. The site
supports more than 2/3 of the Croatian bird population (250 species, 138
of which nest in Lonjsko polje). Also, 58 species of mammals, 16 species
of amphibians, 10 species of reptiles and 27 species of fish are recorded
in this area. Lonjsko polje is at the same time the biggest fish spawning
area in the whole of the Danube basin.
Ecological processes and the dynamics of inundation set the pattern for
the traditional land use, creating a unique mosaic of anthropogenic and
natural habitats, with native breeds such as the Croatian Posavian horse,
the Slavonian Podolian cattle and Turopolje pig. Traditional agriculture and cultivation of autochthon
breeds are still maintained and constitute an important element in the preservation of biological and
landscape diversity.
The natural floodplains occur on both sides of the Sava River. The sites Lonjsko polje, Mokro polje and
Poganovo polje are natural flood retention zones, which have an important role in the flood defence
system. The long-lasting and enduring tradition of adjustment to and living with the floods has created
an outstanding system. Such an approach is still used in the contemporary flood defence system, in
which the natural floodplain areas are deliberately used as floodwater retention areas.
The site covers a total area of 50.208,14 ha. The land use types are water bodies (0.57%); wetlands
(0.72%); arable land with large natural vegetation areas (5.91%); natural grasslands (25.23%); pastures
and natural grasslands combined with broadleaved forest (3.73%); broadleaved forest (57.98%);
intensively farmed land (3.56%); active rural areas-city areas (1.18%) and waste-dump (0.17%). Most of
the area is classified as forest (35.002 ha), then grasslands (4.593 ha), water and wetlands (2.255 ha),
cultivated non-forest land (6.425 ha).
The main reasons of endangerment are meliorating, river regulating, intensifying of farming, extensive
agriculture dying out, changing of water regime in the forests, devastation of carp fishponds, hunting
and illegal hunting, tourism and recreational activities.
Approximately 5% of the area is in private and 95% in national ownership. The site is protected as a
Nature Park. Inside the Park there are two Ornithological Reserves: Krapje ol (25 ha) and Rakita (450
ha). Since this is a protected area, the site is managed by Public Institution Lonjsko polje Nature Park.
Management plan was developed at the end of 2008.
69
Biodiversity
However, the Government of the Republic of Croatia has granted the management of state waters to
the public institution Croatian Waters and the management of state forests to the public institution
Croatian Forests. They are obligated to manage waters and forests according to measures for nature
protection that are given by the Department for Nature Protection (under the Ministry of Culture).
Lonjsko polje are involving all stakeholders in making decisions from its beginnings and in 2004 Lonjsko
polje Associates Council was formed with 24 members, which are representatives of all interested
groups. This Council discusses the benefits of protection and works on finding the best solution for
balancing the Government's plans for flood control and the Sava River chanalisation plans with nature
protection interests.
Habitat
type
Coverage
in site
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
3150
0.12
91E0
9.26
810 (Drainage), 811 (management of

853 (management of water levels),
beaches)
810 (Drainage), 811 (management of
embankments, artificial beaches)
91F0
55.51
91L0
4.56
Maintain open surface of stagnant

waters and clean surface of slow
running waters. Keep connection
between lateral shallow ponds/pools
and river to maintain water levels
projects (new hydro power plants)Reduce management /cleaning of
-

water levels)
-
Fig. 22.1. Distribution of Natura 2000 focal habitat types in site.
70
Biodiversity
Focal Species
Population
size
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
Alcedo atthis
10-12p
(resident)
40p (breed)
830 (Canalisation)
141 (abandonment of
pastoral systems), 160
(General Forestry
management)
R (breed), C
(stage)
853 (management of water

levels), 952
(eutrophication)
Aythya nyroca
C (breed)
230 (Hunting), 952

(eutrophication)
Chlidonias
hybridus
Ciconia nigra
C (breed)
40-60p
(breed)

levels)
management)
Crex crex
Dendrocopos
medius
230-270p
(breed)
1600-2200
(resident)
Egretta alba
C (breed)
Ficedula
albicollis
R (breed), R
(stage)

management)
Haliaeetus
albicilla
Lanius collurio
30-35p
(resident)
4000-5000p
Avoid regulation and canalisation of

watercourses to keep water level regime
farming. From 15 Apr-15 Aug prohibit all
compartments with nests. Ensure constant
percentage of dead (standing and lying)
and old trees, eg. old cavity trees in forests
watercourses to keep present water level
regime. Remove succession vegetation to
keep diversity of wetland habitats and
vegetation. Maintain open water surfaces.
Prevent regulation /cleaning of bank veg.
Prevent poaching and control hunting,
Produce more education materials on
strictly protected species and intensify
education on acceptable activities
watercourses to keep water level regime
especially old cavity trees in forests
farming
especially old cavity trees in all forests. In
Dec-Jun prohibit all management activities
in forest compartments with active nests
-
Ardeola
ralloides
Lanius minor
10-15p
Nycticorax
nycticorax
C (stage)
141(abandonment of
pastoral systems)
141(abandonment of
pastoral systems)
levels), 952
(eutrophication)
Phalacrocorax
pygmeus
R (stage)
Aquila
pomarina
141(abandonment of
pastoral systems)
management), 166
(removal dead/dying trees)
levels), 952
(eutrophication)

levels), 952
(eutrophication)

farming
farming
Avoid water regulation, building barriers
etc. on watercourses to keep present
water level regime. Remove succession
vegetation to keep diversity of wetland
habitats and vegetation. Maintain open
water surfaces. Prevent
regulation/cleaning of bank vegetation
71
Biodiversity
Focal Species
Population
size
Platalea
leucorodia
70-150p
(breed)
Sterna albifrons
Saxicola rubetra
Sterna hirundo
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions

levels), 952
(eutrophication)
V (stage)

levels)
6000-8000p
(breed)
C (stage)
141 (abandonment of
pastoral systems)
levels)

regime together with maintenance of
present water flow
farming
regime together with maintenance of
present water flow
-
Preserve natural standing water bodies.

Keep natural stream flow. Stop drainage of
wet habitats
Actively preserve natural standing water
bodies. Keep natural stream flow. Stop
drainage of wet habitats
-
Rhinolophus
ferrumequinum
Myotis myotis
Miniopterus
schreibersi
Rhinolophus
hipposideros
Myotis blythii
Myotis
bechsteini
Barbastella
barbastellus
Bombina
variegata
1162i
(breed)
83i (breed)
P (resident)
810 (Drainage)
Emys orbicularis
P (resident)
810 (Drainage)
Triturus
dobrogicus
P (resident)
810 (Drainage)
Bombina
bombina
P (resident)
810 (Drainage)
Eudontomyzon
spp.
Marsilea
quadrifolia
P (resident)
Castor fiber
12 fam
(resident)
Lutra lutra
P (resident)
X
X
810 (Drainage), 853

(management of water
levels)
811 (management of
aquatic and bank veg. for
drainage)
830 (canalization), 870
(Dykes, embankments,
artificial beaches, general)

water bodies. Ensure preservation of
present water level regime
Stop or reduce management /cleaning of
river banks from vegetation. Leave narrow
line of woody and herbaceous vegetation
along watercourses
Prevent regulation projects. Reduce
cleaning of river banks from vegetation
72
Biodiversity
Drainage
Management of aquatic and bank veg. for drainage
Canalization
Hunting
Eutrophication.
Ensure Management plan implementation as well as implementation of its action plans

Search for additional funding for implementation of action plans
Endorse extensive livestock farming and ensure incentives searching for additional funding
Continue successful cooperation with Associates Council for Lonjsko Polje and Associates
Council for Donja Posavina in management plan implementation.
Maintain wetland habitats and secure natural water regime that ensures conservation status of
populations of many wetland birds and other wetland species
Preserve small river effluents with maintaining their connection to river
Develop actions for active removal of invasive species Amorpha fruticosa
Promote and educate local people and tourists on the biodiversity value of this area
Develop program for sustainable tourism using local traditional products and crafts.
Lonjsko polje is protected as Nature Park. In the site, there are two ornithological reserves:
Krapje ol (25 ha proclaimed in 1963) and Rakita (450 ha in 1969).
73
Biodiversity
23. Sunjsko polje
The site is a lowland area by the Sunja River and
includes large wet grasslands, flooded forests of
pedunculate oak and alder. The Sunjsko polje
borders with Lonjsko polje Nature Park.
The site has a high landscape value due to dynamic
variety of broad pastures with cattle and horse
herds and pigs including the native breed Croatian
Posavian horse, forest areas and villages with
traditional architecture. The cattle and horses
inhibit succession of grasslands and conserve
valuable habitats. The wet grasslands are
important nesting areas for the endangered
species Crex crex and Circus pygargus.
The forests, which are part of the wide swamp habitats alongside Sava, are important nesting areas for
the endangered bird species: Haliaeetus albicilla, Aquila pomarina, Ciconia nigra, Dendrocopos medius
and Ficedula albicolis. Besides the abovementioned species, the site also hosts the endangered species
Lutra lutra (otter).
The site covers a total area of 20.368,89 ha. The land use types include city areas (1.3%); intensively
farmed land (2.14%); pastures and natural grasslands (5.29%); pastures and natural grasslands
combined with broadleaved forest (11.05%); broadleaved forest (58.7%); arable land with large natural
vegetation areas (16%); wetlands and water bodies (0.37%); water flows (3.05%); wetlands and
broadleaved forest (0.51%).
The site is currently not exposed to heavy risks. The main threats are change of water level in wet
forests due to drainage, intensive forest management, changes in traditional ways of farming, water
chanalisation; enhanced or illegal hunting; non-regulated recreational activities and tourism.
The area is proposed protected as an Important Landscape according to Croatian nature protection
shcheme. Due to ornithological values, the Lower Posavina is included in the Croatian ecological
network and will become an internationally important bird area under the Natura 2000 network. The
site includes a small locality Draiblato (20.63 ha) protected as a Special Ornithological Reserve. Part of
this Special Ornithological Reserve is managed by the Sisako-moslavaka County Public Institution for
Protected Nature Values, and the Public Institution will manage the future Important Landscape site.
Habitat
type
Coverage
in site
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
3130
3150
91F0
49.66
9160
7.29
91E0
1.89
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions

164 (forestry clearance), 166 (removal
of dead and dying trees), 810
(Drainage), 830 (canalization)
166 (removal of dead and dying trees)
beaches, general)

Maintain present groundwater levels
banks from vegetation. Maintain
74
Biodiversity
6440
4.55
6450
6510
X
0.19

systems)
systems)
systems)

livestock farming
livestock farming
livestock farming

Focal
Species
Population
size
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
Alcedo
atthis
10-12p
(resident)
701 (water pollution), 952

(eutrophication)
1-2p (breed)

management)
Ardea
cinerea
C*
(resident)
Ardeola
ralloides
R (stage)
952 (Eutrophication)

communal waste water disposal. Ensure
wastewater treatment. regulate and
From 15 Apr-15 Aug prohibit all
compartments with nests. Ensure dead
(standing and lying) and old trees, eg. old
cavity trees in forests
regulate/monitor waste water disposal.
water regime. Remove succession veg. to
veg. Maintain open water surfaces
regulate/ monitor waste water disposal.
Aquila
pomarina
75
Biodiversity
Ciconia
ciconia
2-3p
Ciconia
nigra
2-3p (breed)
101 (modification of cultivation

practices), 141 (abandonment of
pastoral systems)
management)

veg. Maintain open water surfaces.
farming
20-30p
(breed)
Dendrocopos 150-180p
medius
(breed)
Egretta alba
C (stage)
Ficedula
albicollis
C (breed)

management)
Haliaeetus
albicilla
1-2p (breed)

management)
Lanius
collurio
Lanius
minor
Nycticorax
nycticorax
C (resident)
2-3p
C* (breed)

systems)
systems)
Sterna
hirundo
C (stage)
Saxicola
rubetra
Castor fiber
C (stage)
P (resident)

systems)
-
From 15 Apr-15 Aug prohibit all

compartments with active nests
Ensure dead (standing and lying) and old
trees, especially old cavity trees in forests
farming
In Dec-Jun prohibit all management
activities in forest compartments with
nests. Ensure dead (standing, lying) and
old trees, eg. old cavity trees in forests
farming
farming
farming
-
Lutra lutra
P (resident)
810 (Drainage)

Crex crex
Marsilea
quadrifolia

systems)
76
Biodiversity
Modification of cultivation practices

Eutrophication
Drainage
Water pollution
Forestry clearance
Canalization
Management of aquatic and bank veg. for drainage
Dykes, embankments, artificial beaches, general.
Develop Management plan. As a part of the Croatian ecological network and if protected by
national law, the site will be managed by county administration for managing protected areas.
Alternatively transfer management to the Lonjsko polje administration, since Lonjsko polje
borders with Sunjsko polje.
Entrust part of the conservation activities to landowner or land user
Capacity build County administration for managing protected areas
Secure funding and incentives for extensive livestock farming
Promote and educate local people on the high biodiversity value of this area
Integrate water management with nature protection needs and avoid drainage of wetlands
Develop program of sustainable tourism based on natural values and local traditional products
Prevent reallocation of pastures to arable land
Start active mowing of grassland habitat types in succession.
77
Biodiversity
24. Ribnjaci Lipovljani
This is one of the nine carp fishponds in Croatia.
Carp fishponds are artificial wetland areas of great
landscape and ornithological value. The site
contains a complex of carp fishponds with well
developed emerged and floating vegetation and
surrounded by oak forests, mesophyllus meadows
and mosaic agricultural landscape. Nearby the site
the Pakra Lake is located, which is an important
area for nesting and wintering of wetland birds.
The fishpond borders with Lonjsko Polje Nature
Park. The wider area of the Lower Posavina,
including the Lipovljani fishponds, is a complex of
internationally important wetland habitats for
birds evaluated as a potential Natura 2000 site.
Many bird populations depend on this area such as the Haliaeetus albicilla, Chlidonias hybrida,
Chlidonias nigra, Aythya nyroca, Rallus aquaticus, Porzana spp., Podiceps nigricollis, Ardea cinerea. It is
also an important site for Lutra lutra (otter).
The site covers a total area of 1.940,47 ha. The land use types are city areas (1.9%), intensively farmed
land (7.18%); pastures and natural grasslands (5.36%); pastures and natural grasslands combined with
broadleaved forest (0.88%), broadleaved forest (18.05%); water bodies (46.11%); arable land with large
natural vegetation areas (15.38%) and wetland area combined with roads and railways (5.15%).
The main threat is the possible loss of the carp fishponds due to termination of fish production,
intensification of agriculture and enhanced or illegal hunting.
The site is part of the Croatian ecological network. The site is managed by Croatian Forests, which have
no interest in fish production. Since the site is a part of Croatian ecological network, the Sisakomoslavaka County Public Institution for Protected Nature Values is responsible for nature protection of
the area, but an actual management plan has not yet been established.
Habitat
type
Coverage
in site
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
6440
0.39
6510
4.97
9160
10.72
91E0
0.73
91F0
6.6
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions

systems)
systems)

livestock farming
livestock farming

230 (Hunting), 810 (Drainage), 853
beaches, general)

78
Biodiversity

Focal Species
Population
size
Alcedo atthis
1-2 (resident)
Ardea cinerea
C (resident)
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
Abandonment of fish farming
Ensure incentives for fish farming
Ardeola ralloides R(stage)
Aythya nyroca
230 (Hunting), Abandonment of

fish farming
More severe control of bird hunting

in the area. Ensure incentives for
fish farming

Ensure dead (standing and lying)
and old trees, eg. old cavity trees in
forests
Chlidonias
hybridus
Ciconia ciconia
20p (breed),
200-300i
(stage)
150-200p
(breed)
5-6i*
Ciconia nigra
6-8i*
Dendrocopus
medius
10-15p
Egretta alba
C (stage)

Haliaeetus
albicilla
Nycticorax
nycticorax
Platalea
leucorodia
Saxicola
rubetra
Sterna hirundo
10-20i*
(resident)
C(stage)
20-40i*
20-30p
(breed)

systems)

livestock farming
Lutra lutra
P (resident)
210 (Professional fishing)
Retain extensive and half-intensive

fish production
79
Biodiversity
Focal Species
Population
size
Emys
orbicularis
Bombina
bombina
Bombina
variegata
Castor fiber
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
810 (Drainage)
Stop drainage of wet habitats

Hunting
Professional fishing
Drainage
Protect the site as a Special Ornithological Reserve.

Develop management plan
Capacity build County administration of protected areas to ensure management plan
implementation
Educate local people on the high biodiversity values and its protected species and habitat types
Integrate water management with nature protection needs and prevent changes in water
regime in cooperation with Croatian Forests with focus on maintaining water regime
necessary for fish breeding
Ensure financial support for extensive and half-intensive fish production
Manage forests sustainable and introduce close-to-nature forestry to secure the quality and
diversity of flora and fauna
Associate the protection, management and marketing of the site with the activities of the
Lonjsko Polje Nature Park
Stimulate traditional fish farming and maintain extensive carp production
Regulate and control hunting and prevent illegal hunting.
80
Biodiversity
25. Ribnjaci Slobotina/Vrbovljani
The site contains a complex of carp fishponds with
well developed emerged and floating vegetation
and surrounded by oak forest, mesophyllus
meadows and mosaic agricultural landscape.
Fishponds are important places for wetland bird
reproduction as well as nutrition place for
breeding birds that nest in nearby Lonjsko Polje
Nature Park. This fishpond borders with Lonjsko
Polje Nature Park. Wider area of Lower Posavina
(including Lipovljani fishponds) is a complex of
internationally important wetland habitats for
birds and is evaluated as a potential NATURA 2000
area. In the future it is recommended to combine
promotional activities and fishpond protection for this site with the existing promotional activities of the
Lonjsko Polje Nature Park. This site is an important area for wetland birds as well as water and wetland
vegetation. Its a breeding site for Chlydonias hybridus and an important site for wintering of the birds.
Total size of the site: 1 352.95 ha. Land use: intensively farmed land (3.2%); leaf forest (5.35%); water
bodies (37.97%); natural wet grasslands (53.49%).
The main threats are: the possible loss of carp fishponds due to termination of fish production (without
the production and maintenance of water regime, the fishponds grow with vegetation in a few years),
intensification of agriculture and enhanced or illegal hunting. The protection and marketing of this area
should be associated with Lonjsko Polje Nature Park.
The site is included in Croatias National ecological network. A private company, which has a hunting
concession, is managing the maintenance of water regime. Fish production has been neglected the last
few years, but the water regime has been maintained because of the hunting. Few of important ponds
were drained and crops for deer nutrition were planted instead. The fishpond area is an active hunting
zone. Since the site is a part of Croatias National ecological network, the Brodsko-posavska Countys
Public Institution for Protected Nature Values is responsible for nature protection of the area, but an
actual management plan for the Public Institution has not yet been established. Required protection
measures are: to prevent the change of water regime necessary for wetland birds, to ensure the
financial support for extensive and half-intensive fish production and regulate hunting.
Habitat
type
Coverage
in site
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
91F0
6440
53,48
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions

functioning, general)
141 (abandonment of pastoral systems),
functioning), 852 (modifying structures
of inland water courses), 853

livestock farming. Maintain present
water level regime. Prevent drainage
of water
81
Biodiversity

Focal Species
Population
size
Alcedo atthis
1* (resident)
Ardea cinerea
Ardeola ralloides
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
C* (resident)
R (stage)
Aythya nyroca
C (breed)
Chlidonias
hybridus
Ciconia nigra
C (breed)
230 (Hunting), Abandonment

of fish farming
More severe control of bird hunting.

6-8i* (breed)
Dendrocopus
medius
1-2p
(resident)
Ensure dead (standing, lying) and old

trees, eg. old cavity trees in forests
Egretta alba
C (stage)

management), 166 (removal
of dead and dying trees)
Haliaeetus
albicilla
Lanius collurio
2-4i* (breed)
C (breed)
Nycticorax
nycticorax
Platalea
leucorodia
Saxicola rubetra
C (breed)

systems)

livestock farming
R (stage)
Sterna hirundo
200-300p
(breed)
C (stage)

systems)

livestock farming
Emys orbicularis
810 (Drainage)
Bombina
bombina
Bombina
variegata
Castor fiber
810 (Drainage)
810 (Drainage)

and bank veg. for drainage)
Preserve natural and artificial water

bodies. Stop drainage of wet habitats
Stop drainage of wet habitats. Leave
narrow line of tree and bush
82
Biodiversity
Focal Species
Population
size
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
vegetation along water bodies

Lutra lutra
810 (Drainage)
Stop or at least reduce management

/cleaning of banks from vegetation.
Leave narrow line of tree and bush
vegetation along water bodies

Drainage
Hunting
Modification of hydrographic functioning, general
Modifying structures of inland water courses
Develop Management plan

Capacity build County Administration of protected areas to ensure management plan
implementation
Educate local people on biodiversity value of the area and its protected species and habitats.
regime in cooperation with the private company managing waters
Stimulate traditional fish farming
Control hunting and prevent illegal hunting.
83
Biodiversity
26. Pranik
The site is a part of an old forest Pranik protected
as a Forest Reserve since 1965. It is characterized
with two types of flooded oak forest: Genisto
elatae-Quercetum roboris type and Carpino
betuli.Quercetum roboris type. The forest is
approximately 300 years old. 1500 trees of
Common oak (Quercus robur) up to 300 years old
are between 70-200 cm in diameter.
The forest is endangered due to disrupted water
regime.
The site covers a total area of 57,07 ha. The site is
completely in state ownership.
The site is protected as a Special Forest Reserve and is included in the Croatian ecological network. The
site has been omitted from regular forest management. The site is managed by the public institution
Croatian Forests, which is obliged to incorporate measures of nature protection, which are prescribed
by the Department for nature protection under the Ministry of culture in their forest management plan.
Implementation of prescribed nature protection measures - or rather the control of the implementation
- is difficult due to lack of rangers in protected areas, especially for this site since the County Public
Institution for Protected Nature Values only has two employees. Also, this site is still partly mined so it is
very difficult to access the area.
Habitat
type
Coverage
in site
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
9160
91F0

functioning, general), 852 (modifying
Maintain present groundwater

levels
84
Biodiversity
The Natura 2000 focal species: There are no Natura 2000 species in site.

Main threats on Natura 2000 focal habitat types:

Modifying structures of inland water courses.
Develop management plan and prepare/adopt Ordinance order specifying protection measures
Ensuring management plan implementation.
Integrate water management with nature protection needsa and prevent changes of water
regime.
85
Biodiversity
27. Jelas polje
The site contains a complex of carp fishponds with
well developed emerged and floating vegetation
and surrounded by oak forest, mesophyllus
meadows and mosaic agricultural landscape. The
nearby agricultural area is included because it is
important for migration and wintering of Grus grus
(crane). Two forests important for breeding of
Haliaeetus albicilla and Ardea cinerea are also
included in this site. The fishponds are important
breeding site for wetland birds such as Platalea
leucorodia, Chlydonias hybridus, Larus ridibundus,
Anser anser and for migration and wintering. This
is also an important site for Lutra lutra (otter).
In the east part of the fishpond complex (1.086 ha) fish production was stopped in 2000 and this part is
now neglected. There is a hunting zone established in the active part of the fishponds.
The site covers a total area of 10,430.94 ha. The land use types are intensively farmed land (35.97%);
arable land with large natural vegetation areas (0.82%); broadleaved forest (23.31%); water bodies and
water flows (21.78%); natural wet grasslands (12.84%) and wetlands with broadleaved forest (0.1%).
The main threats are possible loss of carp fishponds due to termination of fish production (without the
production and maintenance of water regime, the fishponds grow with vegetation in a few years),
intensification of agriculture and enhanced or illegal hunting.
One part of the site is protected as a Special Ornithological Reserve. The site is included in the Croatian
ecological network and will be designated as a Natura 2000 site. One part of Jelas polje has been
protected since 1995 as an Important Landscape. The area is also internationally recognised because it
has been pronounced as a international important bird area (IBA). The fishponds are partly (1.219 ha)
managed by a private company. The Brodsko-posavska County Public Institution for Protected Nature
Values is responsible for the nature protection of the area.
Habitat
type
Coverage
in site
91F0
21.24
6440
11.87
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
160 (General Forestry management), 166

(removal of dead and dying trees), 850
general), 852 (modifying structures of inland
water courses)
810 (Drainage), 850 (Modification of
hydrographic functioning, general), 852
(modifying structures of inland water courses),
853 (management of water levels)
Maintain present groundwater

levels. Adapt forest
management practices
Maintain present water level

regime. Prevent any kind of
water-drainage.
86
Biodiversity

Focal Species
Population
size
Emys orbicularis
Barbastella
barbastellus
Miniopterus
schreibersi
Alcedo atthis
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
810 (Drainage)
Ardea cinerea
1-2p*
(resident)
C (breeding)
Ardeola ralloides
C (breeding)
Aythya nyroca
C (breeding)
Chlidonias
hybridus
Ciconia nigra
C (breeding)
Dendrocopos
medius
2-6i*
(breeding)
100-120p
(resident)
Egretta alba
C (staging)


and old trees, eg. old cavity trees in
forests
Ficedula albicollis
2000-5000p
(breeding)
1-2p
(resident)
C (breeding)

systems)

livestock farming
Haliaeetus
albicilla
Lanius collurio
87
Biodiversity
Focal Species
Population
size
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
Nycticorax
nycticorax
Phalacrocorax
pygmeus
Platalea
leucorodia
Saxicola rubetra
C (breeding)
Sterna hirundo
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
C (breeding)
40-70p
(breeding)
120-140p
(breeding)
10-20p
(breeding)

systems)

livestock farming

Drainage

Capacity build County Administration of protected areas to ensure Management plan
implementation
Educate local people on the high biodiversity value and its protected species and habitat types
regime and water level in wet forest habitat types
Stimulate traditional fish farming and extensive agriculture
Ensure financial support for extensive and half-intensive fish production
Conduct restoration of wet grasslands in area.
88
Biodiversity
28. Dvorina
The site is a flooded area between the Sava River
and the east dyke near the town Slavonski Brod
and the village Donja Bebrina.
The importance of this area is the large wet
grasslands, old armlets with rich water and
wetland vegetation and numerous temporary
ponds developed after the flood. The grasslands
are used for cattle grazing, although lately, the
number of cattle is reduced. The area is important
for birds, especially the largest pond Dvorina.
The site covers a total size of 2.066,34 ha. The land
use types are water flows (6.23%); natural wet
grasslands (53.51%); wetlands (1.82%); wetlands combined with broadleaved forest (2.42%);
broadleaved forest (11.78%); intensively farmed land (21.72%); arable land with large natural vegetation
areas (0.09%); and city areas (2.42%).
The main threats for the site are the abandonment of extensive agriculture and reduction of cattle
numbers, which as a consequence induce succession of pastures.
One part of the area is protected as a Special Ornithological Reserve since 1988 (1.066,68 ha). The site is
included in the Croatian ecological network. The site is managed by the Brodsko-posavska County Public
Institution for Protected Nature Values.

Habitat
type
Coverage
in site
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
3150
91E0
0.49
6440
40.88

systems)

livestock farming
89
Biodiversity

Focal
Species
Population
size
Alcedo atthis
1-2i*
Ardea
cinerea
C*
Ardeola
ralloides
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
R(stage)
Aythya
nyroca
R(stage)
Chlidonias
hybridus
15-20p
(breeding)
Ciconia
ciconia
Ciconia nigra
C
(breeding)
2-5i*

systems)
Dendrocopos
medius
10-20p
(resident)
Maintain connection with Sava river

to ensure natural flooding (periods
with shallow water for feeding) and
circulation of fresh water
livestock farming
From 15 Apr-15 August prohibit all
compartments with nests. Ensure
dead (standing and lying) and old
trees, eg. old cavity trees in forests
Ensure dead (standing, lying) and old
trees, eg old cavity trees in forests

166 (removal of dead & dying trees)
90
Biodiversity
Focal
Species
Population
size
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
Egretta alba
C*
(breeding)
Haliaeetus
albicilla
1-2i*
(resident)
Lanius
collurio
Nycticorax
nycticorax
C
(breeding)
C*
(breeding)
X
X

systems)
Platalea
leucorodia
20-30i*
(breeding)
Saxicola
rubetra
Sterna
hirundo
C (stage)
X

systems)

In Dec-Jun prohibit all management
activities in forest compartments
with nests. Ensure dead (standing
and lying) and old trees, eg. old
cavity trees in forests
livestock farming
livestock farming
100-200p
(breeding)


Eutrophication
Removal of dead and dying trees.

implementation
Present protection status is that the site is protected as Important Landscape and part of
Croatian ecological network, which should be effective enough to ensure conservation and
favourable conservation status of habitat types and species.
91
Biodiversity
29. Gajna
The site is a flooded area between the Sava River
and the east dyke near Slavonski Brod and the
village Oprisavci. The importance of this area is
large wet grasslands, old armlets with rich water
and wetland vegetation as well as numerous
alluvial depressions, in which flood water is
retained in spring and autumn even after it is
suppressed back into Sava. The biggest of them,
Velika Gajna, covers 5 ha and is an important area
for Marsilea quadrifolia. The grasslands are being
used for cattle grazing.
Gajna is a typical slavonian flooded pasture for the
Sava River. The grasslands are being used for cattle
grazing, although the cattle number has decreased over the years. However, the native cattle breed
Slavonian Podolian cattle was reintroduced a couple of years ago. The cattle are held on the pasture
throughout the year. One of the aims of having these particular cattle is the repression of the invasive
species Amorpha fruticosa. The results are excellent with more than half of the grasslands overgrown
with Amorpha fruticosa are now without the invasive species due to these cattle. This has significantly
improved biodiversity and land use at this area.
The site covers a total size of 565.81 ha. The land use types are water flows (8.94%); natural wet
grasslands (67.86%); city areas (11.84%); intensively farmed land (10.83%); and arable land with large
natural vegetation areas (0.54%).
The invasive species is Amorpha fruticosa. The main threat for the site is abandonment of extensive
agriculture and reduction of cattle numbers, which as a consequence induces succession of pastures.
The site is completely in state ownership. One part of the site is protected as an Important Landscape
since 1990 (280 ha). The site is included in the Croatian ecological network. The local NGO Brodsko
ekoloko drutvo is actively managing the area by ensuring a favorable water regime for Velika Gajna.
The site is also under the management of the Brodsko-posavska County Public Institution for Protected
Nature Values.
Habitat
type
Coverage
in site
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
6440
14.87
3150
3130
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions

systems), 850 (Modification of
hydrographic functioning, general),
852 (modifying structures of inland
water courses), 853 (management of
water levels), 954 (invasion by species)
structures of inland water courses),
structures of inland water courses),

livestock farming. Maintain present
water level regime. Prevent any kind of
water-drainage
Maintain connection with Sava River.

Ensure present flooding regime
Maintain connection with Sava River.

92
Biodiversity

Focal
Species
Population
size
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
Alcedo atthis
1-2i*
(resident)
C (resident)
2-5i*
(breeding)
Halliaetus
albicilla
1-2i*
(resident)

management)
Saxicola
rubetra
Ciconia
ciconia
Aythya
nyroca
30-40p
(breeding)
R
(stage)

systems)
systems)
Nycticorax
nycticorax
C*
(breeding)
Lanius
collurio
Ciconia nigra
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions

systems)
management),

livestock farming
During 15 Apr-15 August prohibit all
dead (standing, lying) and old trees,
eg. old cavity trees in forests
During Dec-Jun prohibit all
compartments with active nests in
nearby forests where the bird is
nesting. Ensure dead (standing, lying)
and old trees in forests
livestock farming
livestock farming
93
Biodiversity
Focal
Species
Population
size
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
Ardea
cinerea
C*
(resident)
Ardeola
ralloides
R(stage)
Egretta alba
C*
(breeding)

Maintain connection with river Sava.
Marsilea
quadrifolia
Platalea
leucorodia
20-30i*
(breeding)

functioning), 852 (modifying
Sterna
hirundo
C(stage)



Invasion by species
Eutrophication
Abandonment of pastoral systems.
Develop management plan in-cooperation with County Administration of Protected Nature

Values and the local NGO Brodsko ekoloko drutvo.
Ensure financial support for conservation of biodiversity.
implementation
Educate local people on the biodiversity value of the area and its protected species and habitats.
Secure incentives for extensive livestock and ensure permanent extensive livestock on pastures
After the flooding period, keep 10-15 percentage of the area flooded
Maintain 10 percent of the total area with autochthonous forest vegetation.
94
Biodiversity
30. Spavanski bazen
This site consist of a forest area with
representative flooded forests of Common oak,
Black alder and Ash and is situated in the east part
of Croatia, at the border with Serbia and Bosnia
and Herzegovina. The forest is combined of areas
of different age which are managed on a regular
basis, except for two Forest Reserves. The area has
several rivers, Virovi, Spava, Studva etc., with
water and wetlands vegetation. Breeding birds of
the area are Haliaeetus albicilla and Ciconia nigra.
The pastures are very poor so the number of
nesting pairs of birds that feed on these areas is
limited.
The goal is to protect the following species: Aquila pomarina, Ciconia nigra, Dendrocopos medius,
Ficedula albicollis, Haliaeetus albicilla and Picus canus.
The site covers a total size of 42.992,47 ha. Land use: water flows (0.13%); natural wet grasslands
(1.08%); wetlands combined with broadleaved forest (0.06%); wetlands (0.12%); broadleaved forest
(96.97%); intensively farmed land (1.42%); arable land with large natural vegetation areas (0.23%).
The forests are endangered by the change of water regime, especially by the reduction of underground
water level. A danger is also the planned building of a large (120 m wide) sailing canal that should
connect Dunav and Sava rivers going through the forest complex. The last part of the Zagreb-Belgrade
highway passes right through the forest complex so a significant part of it has been cut down without
any compensation. The forest is surrounded by intensively arable land, which reduces the possibility for
feeding of endangered species such as Haliaeetus albicilla, Ciconia nigra and Aquila pomarina.
The site is partly protected. Two Forest Reserves are protected since 1975, i.e. Loe with old oak forest
on 110.41 ha, and Radievo with Querqus robur-Carpinus betulus-Fagus sylvatica forest on 4.10 ha. Two
areas are protected since 1999 as Important Landscapes: Virovi (185 ha) and Spava (278 ha). The whole
site is included in the Croatian ecological network as an important bird area. The site is regularly
managed through the forest management plan by the public institution Croatian Forests. The
protected areas are being managed as special purpose forests.
Habitat
type
Coverage
in site
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
91F0
55.46
Prevent further large river

regulation projects. Maintain
present groundwater levels. Adapt
forest management practices
91E0
0.34
9160
41

(Drainage), 830 (Canalisation), 850
(Modification of hydrographic
functioning), 852 (modifying structures of
inland water courses), 853 (management
of water levels), 976 (damage by game)
(Drainage), 830 (Canalisation), 850
(Modification of hydrographic
functioning), 852 (modifying structures of
inland water courses), 853 (management
of water levels), 976 (damage by game)
Prevent further large river

regulation projects. Reduce
management /cleaning of river
Adapt forest management
95
Biodiversity
Habitat
type
Coverage
in site
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
3150
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions

(damage by game species)
structures of inland water courses), 853
practices. Endorse management

according to FSC
Maintain stagnant waters and slow
running waters, and where not
present, build artificially. Maintain
present water regime. Ensure
connection with river Sava.

Focal Species
Population
size
Lutra lutra
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
X
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
810 (Drainage)
-
Maintain present water level

regime. Prevent drainage
-
Miniopterus
schreibersi
Barbastella
barbastellus
Alcedo atthis
215i
(breeding)
43i
(breeding)
2p*
Aquila
pomarina
1-2p
(resident)

systems), 160 (General Forestry
management)
Ardea cinerea
C*
(resident)
During 15 Apr-15 Aug prohibit all

trees in forests
-
96
Biodiversity
Focal Species
Population
size
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
Haliaeetus
albicilla
2-4p
(resident)

management)
Ciconia nigra
8-12p
(breeding)

management)
Ficedula
albicollis
Dendrocopos
medius
2000-6000p
(breeding)
2000-3000p
(resident)
During Dec-Jun prohibit all

trees in forests
trees in forests
-
Lanius collurio
200-300p
(breeding)

systems)

and old trees in forests
livestock farming

Drainage
Canalisation
Damage by game species.

implementation
Integrate water management with nature protection needs and prevent changes in water level
in wet forest habitat types, and if possible improve water regime for the lowland wet forests
Ensure incentives for extensive livestock and stimulate traditional farming and extensive
livestock farming
Conduct restoration of wet grassland habitat types in the site.
97
Biodiversity
31. Sava Podsused
The site located alongside the Sava River near
Podsused has been protected in 1970 as an
Ornithological Reserve because of its relevance for
breeding birds and migratory birds. The site
includes galleries of willow and poplar, wet
meadows, numerous creeks, armlets, natural
riverside and muddy and sandy banks. A total of
166 bird species have been registered in the site
(93 breeding birds, 107 migratory birds, 61
wintering birds) and the site is also a nationally
valuable breeding area for Actytis hypoleucos.
Over the years the situation has changed
drastically in the site. Due to activities of river
regulation and building of hydro power plants in the upper Sava stream, the river-bed has deepen for 56 m over the last 40 years, leaving wetlands dried out, except in times of very high water levels. The
ornithological value of this site has been significantly reduced.
The site covers a total size of 377.92 ha. The land use types are water flows (8.57%); wetlands combined
with broadleaved forest (0.41%); broadleaved forest (57.41%); arable land with large natural vegetation
areas (26.04%) and intensively farmed land (7.58%).
The main threats of the site are that the valuable river and wetland habitat types are degraded or
vanished, especially the riversides and muddy and sandy banks. The planned hydro power plant
represents a threat, but also if harmonised with nature protection needs gives the possibility for
wetlands restoration and building a place for breeding birds.
One part of the site is protected as an Ornithological Reserve (243 ha). The site is included in Croatian
ecological network as a restoration site, which has to be renewed within the future Sava regulation
projects. There is no active management, though measures of restoration are being planned. The
Zagrebaka County Public Institution for Protected Nature Values is responsible for the nature
protection of the area.
Habitat
type
Coverage
in site
3130
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
X
91E0
X
91F0
57.4
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
810 (Drainage)
When regulating river (canals,

fishponds, etc.) it is necessary to leave
gently sloping banks
Prevent further urbanisation. Asses
further river regulation projects, further
canalization, etc.
Prevent further urbanisation. Asses
further river regulation projects, further
canalization, etc.
490 (Other urbanisation, industrial and

similar activities), 870 (Dykes,
490 (Other urbanisation, industrial and
similar activities), 870 (Dykes,
98
Biodiversity

Focal
Species
Population
size
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
Alcedo
atthis
1p
(resident)
820 (Removal of sediments), 830

(Canalisation), 701 (water pollution)
Asses further river regulation projects,

wastewater treatment and regulate
and monitor wastewater disposal
Lanius
collurio
Nycticorax
nycticorax
C
(breeding)
R (stage)
X
X
820 (Removal of sediments (mud...)),

830 (Canalisation), 701 (water
pollution)
C*
(resident)

pollution)
5-6* p
(resident)

pollution)

Ardea
cinerea
Sterna
hirundo
99
Biodiversity
Drainage
Removal of sediments
Canalisation
Water pollution
Other urbanisation, industrial and similar activities
Develop management plan for the site or within the Sava River basin management plan make
special focus on this area as a restoration site forming part of the Croatian ecological network
Ensure Management plan implementation.
Restore wetland habitats
Restore and create habitats for breeding birds.
100
Biodiversity
32. utica
The site utica is an integral forest complex
situated only 40 km from Zagreb, near Lonjsko
Polje Nature Park. It is the second largest lowland
forest in Croatia. The utica forest complex is
important as habitat for an endangered species of
fish Umbra krameri. The forest is a floodplain
almost every year. It is used as retention area so
the water from Sava River is released into utica
through a canal if there is a danger from flooding.
Over 100 years ago in the Posavina area a native
population of beavers (Castor fiber) existed but
due to change of habitat conditions they vanished.
utica has proved as a favourable site for
reintroduction of beavers, so 47 beavers were
released at utica in 1996.
The site is special because it has been a drill-site with more than 200 boreholes since 1964, yet the rich
characteristic herbal and animal world survived in the forest. There are 107 active boreholes and 19
boreholes are now closed. The drill-sites that are closed will not be in use in the future so they are
closed with cement cork and buried with soil. Forest seedlings are planted on top so former boreholes
are covered with trees. There are no waste waters because the water used for embedment in the
borehole is extracted from the oil into special tanks where water circulates and pressed into the
borehole. The last borehole has been started in 2003. It is estimated that there is oil on this site until the
year 2035. The meadows on the border of the forest are pastures for a native horse breed (Croatian
Posavian horse), which are being held in the open most of the year. The forest is exploited by the public
institution Croatian Forests for commercial purposes.
The invasive species are Amorpha fruticosa and Ambrosia artemisiifolia. Amorpha is found at
approximately 600-700 ha, mostly in areas of young forest, where it is harder to repress it.
The site covers a total size of 4.698 ha. The land use are industrial areas (0.25%); intensivelyfarmed land
(0.19%); pastures/natural grasslands/ broadleaved forest (4.07%); broadleaved forest (86.84%); arable
land with large natural vegetation areas (7.21%); natural wet grasslands (1.45%). The ownership of the
site is 90% public ownership (public forests); the rest is private property.
The site is included in the Croatian ecological network. The County Public Institution for Protected
Nature Values is preparing a project for placing a five km long educational trail in this area, combining
various point types (forest, pastures, native horse breed etc.). There is a cycling route that passes
through utica site. The site is regularly managed through the forest management plan by the public
institution Croatian Forests. The Zagrebaka County Public Institution for Protected Nature Values is
responsible for nature protection of the area, but an actual management plan has not yet been
established.
Habitat
type
Coverage
in site
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
3150
6440
1.45
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
320 (Exploration and extraction of oil or

gas), 700 (Pollution), 850 (Modification
of hydrographic functioning, general)
810 (Drainage), 850 (Modification of
hydrographic functioning, general), 853
Maintain present water level regime;

Ensure connection with river Sava.
Maintain present water level regime;
Prevent any kind of water-drainage
101
Biodiversity
Habitat
type
Coverage
in site
6450
9160
22.98
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
X
X
91E0
91F0
X
63.86
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions

(removal of dead and dying trees)
810 (drainage)

(Exploration and extraction of oil or gas),
functioning), 853 (management of water
levels)
Maintain present groundwater levels;

Prevent any kind of water-drainage
Maintain present groundwater levels;
Fig. 32.1: Distribution map of habitat types in site.

Focal
Species
Population
size
Umbra
krameri
Castor fiber
Alcedo atthis
Dendrocopos
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
954 (invasion by a species)
810 (drainage)
1-2p
(resident)
90-100 p
Prevent water-drainage, backfilling and

overgrowing of the remaining ponds;
Perform habitat restoration; clear and
deepen certain ponds; Tend to decrease
populations of invasive species; Conduct
reintroduction of species to specific ponds
Regulate waste disposal and ensure
wastewater treatment; Prevent further
regulation projects: Leave narrow line of
woody and herbaceous vegetation along
watercourses
Ensure wastewater treatment and regulate
102
Biodiversity
Focal
Species
Population
size
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
medius
(resident)
management), 166 (removal

of dead and dying trees)
management), 701 (water
pollution)
-

compartments with nests
-
Ciconia nigra
1-2p
(breeding)
Halliaetus
albicilla
Ardea
cinerea
2p
(resident)
C*
(resident)
Ensure wastewater treatment and regulate


Changes in water regime and management; drainage

Water pollution
Forest management
Invasion of species.

Ensure management plan implementation
Present protection status of the site is that it is part of the Croatian ecological network, which
should be effective enough to ensure its preservation and favorable conservation status for the
habitat types and species.
103
Biodiversity
Sites important for biodiversity along the Sava River in Serbia
33. Veliko ratno ostrvo

Veliko Ratno ostrvo is a river island situated on the Sava confluence in the area of Belgrade. It
represents typical flooded island with characteristic wetland vegetation. Despite large human impact,
high percentage of the island is still covered with habitat types of high natural value. Up to now, 120
plant species, 20 species of amphibians and reptilians, 170 bird species and over 40 species of mammals
have been recorded on the island. The island with the surrounding river bed is an important site for
migratory birds (Phalacrocorax pygmaeus). Its position, in the vicinity of urban core, makes it also very
attractive for recreation and tourism.
The surface layers are alluvial deposits of the Danube River. The vegetation communities consist of
water marshes and flooded forests. The developed vegetation and the existence of smaller water bodies
allow feeding, nesting of a larger number of birds of international importance. Numerous species of fish,
in the period of spawning, gain up in permanent or temporary ponds formed on the island or in its
coastal areas rich in aquatic and fen vegetation.
There are no dykes at the island. Regular flooding of this site provides high biodiversity values.
Total area of the site is 226 ha. The dominant land use is forestry with forests covering 90% of the area.
A public beach called Lido is situated at the northwest of island and comprised the last 10%.
The invasive plant species are: Amorpha fruticosa, Acer negundo, Ailanthus altissima, Ambrosia
artemisiifolia and Echinocystis lobata.
The ownership of the site is the State. The site is protected as an Area with Exceptionally Natural
Features under Serbian nature protection scheme. The conservation area has three protection zones:
zones of nature protection (which has the character of the Special Nature Reserve and the coastal zone
includes islands), recreation zone (which includes the inner parts of the island) and tourism zone (which
includes the beach "Lido"). The management is given under trust to Public Service Enterprise for urban
greenery Zelenilo, from Belgrade.
Habitat
type
Coverage
3150
2,2 %
3270
1,0 %
91E0
13.6 %
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
951 - drying out/ accumulation of

organic material, 952 - eutrophication
X
54%
X
46%

organic material, 952 - eutrophication,
622 - walking, 621 - nautical sports
X
47%
X
53%
162 - artificial planting, 165 removal

of forest undergrowth, 501 - paths,
tracks, cycling tracks, 608 - camping,
620 - outdoor sport and leisure
activities, 690 - other leisure and
tourism impacts, 954 - invasion by a
species
mechanical clean and remove mud/

vegetation from channels and ponds;
regulate water level; maintain
connectivity of water bodies
mechanical clean and remove mud/
regulate water level; control access of
people/tourist to important locations
Remove/stop planting alochtonous
vegetation; replant with native tree
species in accordance with habitat
type definition; control access of
tourist, improve control of protection
(tree and bush cutting, cultivation);
define zones with limited access for
restoration of willow forests, remove
invasive species (Amorpha fruticosa)
104
Biodiversity

Focal
Species
size
Status
A
B
C
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
Triturus
dobrogicus
620 - outdoor sport and leisure

activities, 701 - water pollution,
951 - drying out/ accumulation
of organic material, 952 eutrophication
Emys
orbicularis
701- water pollution, 620 outdoor sport and leisure

activities, 621 - nautical sports,
organic material
Haliaetus
albicilla
C (1-3 i)
Clean and remove mud/ vegetation

from channels and ponds; regulate
water level; remove waste from
ponds and channels; map and strictly
protect (in spring/summer) small
ponds; create new ponds
control access to river banks
important for species; remove waste
from ponds and channels; clean and
remove mud/vegetation from
channels and ponds; regulate water
level
Restore alluvial forests; control access
to central parts of the island, create
tourist paths; stop further cultivation
and urbanization; establish artificial
feeding places in winter period
Alcedo
athis
C (1-3 bp)
Dendrocop C (0-2 bp)

os medius
X
35%
X
61%
4%
164 - forestry clearance, 243 pouching, 400 urbanized areas,

530- improved access , 600 sport and leisure structures, 620
- outdoor sports and leisure
activities
165 - removal of forest
undergrowth, 400 - urbanized
areas and human habitation ,
501- paths tracks, 620 - nautical
sports, 701 - water pollution, 951
- drying out/ accumulation of
organic material
160 - general forestry
management , 165 - removal of
forest undergrowth, 166 removal of dead and dying trees,
protect and restore river bank

vegetation (willow bushes); restrict
access to predefined river banks
during reproduction period; restrict
nautical sports in vicinity of island
restore alluvial forests; control access

to forest habitats
105
Biodiversity
Focal
Species
size
Status
A
B
C
Saxicola
rubetra
C (0-2 bp)
Lutra lutra
X
51%
X
49%
Threats and Impacts
501- paths/tracks, 620 - outdoor

sports and leisure activities
100 - cultivation, 151- forest
planting, 400 - urbanized areas,
620 - sports and leisure activities,
950 - biocenotic evolution, 954 invasion by a species
210- professional fishing, 400urbanized areas, 501 paths/
tracks, 530 improved access to
site, 620- outdoor sports &
leisure activities, 701 water
pollution , 803 infilling of ditches,
951 drying out/accumulation of
organic material
Proposed Actions
preserve open habitats/ stop

cultivation; mow/remove invasive
vegetation; control feral cats/dogs
Clean and remove mud/vegetation

water level; control access to river
banks important for species; restrict
use of fishing nets in vicinity of island;
restrict nautical sports in vicinity of
island

Main threats on Natura 2000 focal habitat and species
Cultivation
Sport and leisure structures
Drying out/ accumulation of organic material
Species invasion.
Remove organic material from inland ditches and ponds

Integrate water management with nature protection needs and control water levels and keep
water in ponds and ditches during late spring and summer. Current management has made
some actions toward improving water habitat types (removal of mud and organic material) but
control of water levels should be further improved
Create tourist marked trails and control access to locations important for habitat types and
species
Protect river banks by controlling nautical sports and fishing activities
Restore alluvial forests by controlling cutting and removal of forest undergrowth and
alochtonous vegetation
Manage open habitats by mowing
Remove accumulated waste from ponds, ditches and river banks.
Enlarge protected area to include the left side of the Danube River
Reduce disturbance of animal species.
106
Biodiversity
34. Crni lug ivaa
The site is located on the left side of the river Sava, near Belgrade. The site contains well preserved
riparian oak and mixed forests. Site includes fishpond important for migratory birds, also very important
for white-tailed eagle Haliaaetus albicilla and black stork Ciconia nigra. Natural wetlands are also
present but in smaller percentage.
Forest vegetation is dominating in this area, while the rest is under arable lands and fish pond. At the
part of the site dominated by agriculture a numerous ameliorative channels were made. In the flooded
area are the mixed forests with willow, poplar, and ash species. Forest vegetation is also spread on the
part of the site protected by dyke. These are managed forests, mainly Common oak with different age
groups (the oldest stand has around 120 years) and Common oak with hornbeam. This is fenced hunting
area (Crni Lug) in which wild boar, deer and roe-deer are kept.
The most part of the site is situated behind the dyke and therefore protected from flooding. However, it
is partially waterlogged by groundwater during the spring period.
The site covers a total area of 1.203 ha. The main land use is intensively managed forest. 80% is under
forest vegetation, 10% occupied by a fish pond (ivaa) and almost 10% is covered by arable land
(within the meander). The ownership of the site is the State for 80%, while 20% is in private ownership.
The management is performed by JP Srbijasume, which is the public enterprise for forestry in Serbia.
The flooded area, located next to the dyke, is under state property and managed by Srbijavode, which
is the public enterprise for water management in Serbia. The rest of the site is in private property with
small plots and the area of the fish pond.
Habitat
type
Coverage
in site
Conservation
Status
A B
C
3150
1.59 %
X
65%
91F0
51.1 %
Reedbeds
3,0 %
X
86%
X
35%
X
14%
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
210 - Professional fishing, 850 Modification of hydrographic

functioning, general, 853 management of water levels, 951 drying out / accumulation of organic
material, 952 - eutrophication
160 - General Forestry management,
810 Drainage
maintain natural water regime; clean

and remove mud/vegetation from
channels and ponds; remove invasive
species
220 - Leisure fishing, 250 - Taking /

Removal of flora, general, 810 Drainage, 811 - management of
aquatic and bank vegetation for
drainage purposes, 951 - drying out /
accumulation of organic material,
952 - eutrophication
maintain natural water regime;

replace alochotonous tree species
with native species
improve control of protection (reed
cutting/ burning); define reedbed
zones of importance for biodiversity
and protect from melioration,
harmonize protection with
management of fishpond; define
zones with limited access for
restoring willow forests; remove
107
Biodiversity

Focal
Species
Population
size
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
Emys
orbicularis
X
34%
X
66%
Bombina
bombina
X
19%
X
81%
Haliaeetus
albicilla
C (1-2 bp)
Ciconia
nigra
C (2-4 bp)
Sterna
hirundo
C (10-30i)
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
421 - disposal of household

waste, 803 - infilling of ditches,
dykes, ponds, pools, marshes or
pits, 853 - management of water,
951 - drying out / accum. organic
164 - forestry clearance, 165 removal of forest undergrowth,
810 - Drainage, 850 Modification of hydrographic
functioning, 853 - management
of water levels
150 - Restructuring agricultural
land holding, 160 - General
Forestry management, 230 Hunting, 810 - Drainage

important for species; remove
waste from ponds and channels;
clean and remove mud/
vegetation from channels and
ponds; regulate water level
Close-to-nature forest
management (prevent clearcuttings and intensive logging);
keep natural water regime in
forests; create small ponds
160 - General Forestry

management, 162 - artificial
planting, 230 - Hunting, 810 Drainage, 951 - drying out /
210 - Professional fishing, 701 Noise nuisance, 803 - infilling of
ditches, dykes, ponds, pools,
marshes or pits, 810 - Drainage,
853 - management of water
protect old, large trees suitable

for nesting; reduce and control
human presence around nests in
reproductive period; provide
supplemental feeding; maintain
open habitats (wet meadows,
water) important for species
reproductive period; maintain
water) important for species
create artificial islands on
fishpond for nesting; maintain
open water surface (high water
level) on fishpond; reduce human
disturbance during spring
migration
108
Biodiversity
Focal
Species
Population
size
Alcedo athis
C (2-4bp)
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
Dendrocopos C (6-10 bp)

medius
Saxicola
rubetra
C (3-6 bp)
Ficedula
albicollis
C (15-30bp)
Lutra lutra
12%
X
88%
X
95%
5%
X
70%
X
30%
X
44%
X
56%
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions

undergrowth, 200 - Fish and
Shellfish Aquaculture, 210 Professional fishing, 220 - Leisure
fishing, 501 - paths, tracks,
cycling tracks, 701 - Noise
nuisance, 810 - Drainage, 811 management of aquatic and bank
vegetation for drainage, 951 drying out / accum. Org. material
(160 - General Forestry
planting, 164 - forestry clearance,
166 -removal of dead-dying trees)
100 - Cultivation, 150 Restructuring agricultural land
holding, 151 - removal of hedges
and copses, 400 - Urbanised
areas, human habitation, 950 Biocenotic evolution
160 - General Forestry
undergrowth, 166 -removal of
dead and dying trees
200 - Fish and Shellfish
Aquaculture, 210 - Professional
fishing, 243 - trapping, poisoning,
poaching, 530 - Improved access
to site, 701 - Noise nuisance, 803
- infilling of ditches, dykes, ponds,
pools, marshes or pits, 850 Modification of hydrographic
functioning, 951 - drying out /
accumulation of organic material

vegetation (willow bushes);
restrict access to some
(predefined) river banks during
reproduction period; restrict
nautical sports near nesting
grounds
Leave old, dead or dying trees;

control access to forest habitats
(reduce human presence during
reproduction period)
preserve open habitats; mow/
remove invasive species;
maintain vegetation around
agriculture fields; reduce use of
pesticides within nesting areas
leave old, dead or dying trees;
preserve natural structure of
forest (multi-layer); control
access to forest habitats (reduce
human presence during
reproduction)
Clean and remove
mud/vegetation from channels
and ponds; regulate water level;
important for species; restrict use
of fishing nets; educate fishpond
staff

Cultivation
Hunting
Fish aquaculture.
Introduce close-to-nature forestry and harmonize forest management with protection needs
(enable natural succession and renewal of forest undergrowth in some parts, leave old and dead
trees, reduce logging near important localities for species, reduce disturbance and human
presence within habitat types during spring and summer)
Integrate water management with nature protection needs and harmonize fishpond
management with conservation and protection needs (adequate water level, reduce water
vegetation removal, create artificial islands for birds, reduce disturbance of waterbirds)
Create tourist trails and control access to locations important for habitat types and species
Control leisure fishing
109
Biodiversity
Manage open habitats by mowing

Reduce use of pesticides on the fields close to fishponds.
Define zones/localities important for target habitats/species
Establish management body
Develop management plan and action plans for particular habitat types and species. Specific
measures must be included in management to achieve proper conservation of lesser spotted
eagle and black stork.
110
Biodiversity
35. Bojinska uma
The site contains well preserved oak forest and is an important
nesting site for woodland birds (Ciconia nigra, Aquila pomarina,
Dendrocopos medius, Ficedula albicollis) as well as for the
reproduction of amphibians. The forest habitat types cover
almost 100% of the area.
Forest vegetation is well managed and dominated in this
lowland area, while the rest consist of arable land. Up to 200 ha
of forests are natural. These are natural common oak forest
stands, with different age groups (from 15 years to the oldest
stands with nearly 120 years). These heliophyte hygrophilous
stands are well known as forests with high biodiversity values.
The site is a few meters above river level, located behind the
dyke along the Sava River and is therefore never flooded.
The site covers a total area of 584 ha. The main land use is
forestry combined with hunting tourism. There is also extensive
farming, especially with the autochthonous Mangulica pig. The
whole area is state owned and it is intensively managed by
public enterprise for forestry in Serbia JP Srbijasume.
The invasive species appear but in low number, the most abundant are Amorpha fruticosa and Acer
negundo.
The area has no legal conservation regime.
Habitat
type
Coverage
in site
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
3150
0,4
9160
36,3
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
160 - General Forestry, 951 drying

out / accumulation of organic
160 - General Forestry, 162 - artificial
165 -removal of forest undergrowth,
166 - removal of dead and dying
trees, 600 - Sport and leisure
structures
Mow; regulate water level; remove

invasive species; log less intensive
around wetlands within forests
define areas to be left for natural
succession and without intensive
management; replant native tree
species in accordance with habitat type
definition; prevent further
infrastructure building in forest
111
Biodiversity
Table 35.2. Natura 2000 focal species in site

Focal
Species
Population
size
Bombina
bombina
Haliaeetus
albicilla
C (1 bp)
Aquila
pomarina
B (1bp)
X
76%
X
24%
Ciconia
nigra
C (1-2 bp)
X
24%
X
76%
Dendrocopos C (5-10bp)
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
X
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
164 - forestry clearance, 165 removal of forest undergrowth, 810 Drainage, 850 - Modification of
hydrographic functioning, general,
853 - management of water levels
Apply close-to-nature forest

management (prevent
clearcuttings and intensive
logging); keep natural water
regime in forests; create artificial
small ponds
reproductive period; feed
supplementally; maintain open
habitats (wet meadows, water
surface) important for species
protect and maintain open wet
habitats (wet meadows) in and
around site; protect nesting
locality (reduce logging in area);
reduce and control human
presence around nests in
reproductive period

243 - trapping, poisoning, poaching,
810 - Drainage
100 - Cultivation, 160 - General

Forestry management, 162 - artificial
230 - Hunting, 243 - trapping,
poisoning, poaching, 501 - paths,
tracks, cycling tracks, 620 - Outdoor
sports and leisure activities, 810 Drainage
162 - artificial planting, 230 - Hunting,
501 - paths, tracks, cycling tracks, 620
- Outdoor sports and leisure
activities, 810 - Drainage, 951 drying out / accumulation of organic

reproductive period; maintain of
water surface) important for
species
112
Biodiversity
Focal
Species
Population
size
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
medius
Saxicola
rubetra
C (2-4bp)
Ficedula
albicollis
C (10-20
bp)
Lutra lutra
X
53%
66%
34%
X
90%
10%
X
32%
X
16%
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
162 - artificial planting, 164 - forestry

clearance, 166 - removal of dead and
dying trees, 501 - paths, tracks,
cycling tracks, 620 - Outdoor sports
and leisure activities
100 - Cultivation, 150 - Restructuring
agricultural land holding, 151 removal of hedges and copses, 950 Biocenotic evolution


clearance, 165 - removal of forest
undergrowth, 166 - removal of dead
and dying trees, 501 - paths, tracks,
and leisure activities)
100 - Cultivation, 243 - trapping,
poisoning, poaching, 701 - Noise
nuisance, 803 - infilling of ditches,
dykes, ponds, pools, marshes or pits,
850 - Modification of hydrographic
functioning, general, 951 - drying out
/ accumulation of organic material
preserve open habitats; mowe/

remove invasive species;
maintain vegetation around
agriculture fields; reduce use of
pesticides in nesting areas
Clean and remove mud/
ponds; regulate water level


Hunting
Paths, sport and leisure structures.
Introduce close-to-nature forestry and harmonize current forest management with conservation
and protection needs (enable natural succession and renewal of forest undergrowth in some
parts, leave old and dead trees, reduce logging near important localities for species, reduce
disturbance and human presence within habitats during spring and summer)
species
Manage open habitats by mowing and preventing melioration
Prevent further infrastructure development within site.
Define zones or localities which are important for target habitat types and species
Develop management plan and action plans for particular habitat types and species. Specific
measures must be included in the management to achieve proper conservation of lesser spotted
eagle and black stork.
113
Biodiversity
36. Orlaa
The site is located on the right side of the river Sava within a large meander and contains well preserved
riparian woods and wetlands, i.e. marshes and floodplains. Recently, the huge human impact by
drainage and cultivation has significantly changed the character of the site but it is still valuable and
important for some bird species like Vanellus vanellus and Ciconia nigra. Drainage of the area has
allowed intensive cultivation and degradation of riparian forests and wetlands.
On a narrow belt on the site edge, many different species of scrubs and trees exist. In this part of site an
endemic insect species (Zeuneriana amplipennis) was discovered in 2007. The forests are present as
small mixed wood with individual trees of Common Oak.
Almost whole area is protected by dyke. Besides, some parts in lower altitudes are waterlogged during
spring season and high water level of the Sava River.
The site covers a total area 1.281 ha. The land use is a rural mosaic of arable land, small forests and
grasslands. There is slightly dominance of agriculture. The site is in private ownership for 95%. Only the
narrow belt of foreland, dyke and roads are state owned. This site covers 3 national reserves, but
revision of legal protection is in process.
The invasive species are: Amorpha fruticosa, Acer negundo, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Ailanthus altissima,
Ambrosia artemisifolia.
Habitat
type
Coverage
in site
3150
0,9
91F0
8,9
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
X
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
100 - Cultivation, 810 - Drainage, 951 drying out / accumulation of organic

Clean and remove mud/vegetation from

channels and ponds; mow; regulate
water level; maintain connectivity of
water bodies; prevent meliorization of
existing bogs and marshes (wetlands)
Stop planting alochtonous species;
replant native tree species in
accordance with habitat type; improve
control of protection (tree-bush cutting,
cultivation); prevent clear-cuttings and
transition of forests to agriculture fields
160 - General Forestry, 164 forestry

clearance, 165 -removal of forest
and dying trees
114
Biodiversity

Focal
Species
Population
size
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
Bombina
bombina
X
86%
Emys
orbicularis
X
66%
Haliaeetus
albicilla
C (3-5i)
Ciconia nigra
C (0-1bp)
Alcedo athis
C (1-2bp)
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
X
14%
100 - Cultivation, 164 - forestry

undergrowth, 810 - Drainage, 850 Modification of hydrographic
functioning, general, 853 management of water levels
X
34%
403 - dispersed habitation, 421 disposal of household waste, 803 infilling of ditches, dykes, ponds,
pools, marshes or pits, 853 management of water levels, 951 drying out / accumulation of organic
Forestry management, 230 - Hunting,
403 - dispersed habitation, 810 Drainage, 951 - drying out /

management (prevent
clearcuttings and intensive
logging); prevent cultivation and
drainage of wet areas (especially
within forests); keep natural
water regime within forests;
create artificial small ponds
Prevent cultivation and drainage
of wet areas; clean and remove
mud/ vegetation from channels
and ponds; regulate favourable
water level

Forestry management, 164 - forestry
clearance, 230 - Hunting, 243 trapping, poisoning, poaching, 403 dispersed habitation, 810 - Drainage,
951 - drying out / accumulation of
organic material
165 - removal of forest undergrowth,
220 - Leisure fishing, 403 - dispersed
habitation, 701 - Noise nuisance, 810
Protect old, large trees suitable

reproductive period; food
supplementally; maintain open
habitats (wet meadows, water)
important for species
reproductive period; maintain
water) important species
vegetation (willow); restrict
access to predefined river banks
115
Biodiversity
Focal
Species
Population
size
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
Dendrocopos
medius
C (0-2 bp)
Saxicola
rubetra
C (2-5bp)
Lutra lutra
Castor fiber
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
- Drainage, 811 - management of

Forestry management, 164 - forestry
and dying trees, 167 -forest
exploitation without replanting
100 - Cultivation, 151 - removal of
hedges and copses, 810 - Drainage,
950 - Biocenotic evolution
during reproduction period;

restrict nautical sports near
nesting grounds; prevent illegal
building on river banks
preserve open habitats; mow/
remove invasive vegetation;
maintain vegetation strips
around agriculture fields; reduce
use of pesticides in nesting areas
ponds; regulate water level;
educate fisherman; prevent use
of fishing nets in and around site

poisoning, poaching, 403 - dispersed
pools, marshes or pits, 810 Drainage, 850 - Modification of
hydrographic functioning, 951 drying out / accum. organic material)
habitation, 811 - management of
purposes, 803 - infilling of ditches,
810 - Drainage, 850 - Modification of
hydrographic functioning
maintain favorable water level;

prevent drainage and cultivation
of natural and semi-natural
habitats; educate local farmers

Cultivation
General forest management
Hunting
Modification of hydrographic functioning
Invasion by a species.
Integrate water management with nature protection needs and harmonize water level
management with conservation needs
Prevent further melioration and transition of natural habitats to agriculture fields
Define and implement conservation measures for wetland habitat types
Reduce use of pesticides within site
Introduce close-to-nature forestry and replant with native tree species
Revise existing protected areas in site
Develop and secure incentives program for local farmers
Develop management plan and action plans for particular habitat types and species
Buy up land with most important habitat types and species and protect under appropriate
national legislation.
116
Biodiversity
37. Ue Drine
The site covers an area of about 19 km along the
Drina River up to its discharge into the Sava River
and expands to the right bank of Sava River (about 4
km). It is located in the North-Western part of the
fertile Macva plain and is bounded by the Drina River
in the West and by the Sava River in the North.
The Drina River forms also the state border between
Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia. The Drina has
changed its course frequently and is characterized by
many meanders and flow paths.
The site consists of two parts: Southern part located
along banks of the Drina River and the Northern part near the confluence with and banks of the Sava
River. A characteristic biological feature of this area is the occurrence of the rare bird Sterna albifrons
that nests on islands in the River Drina. This site represents the only known breeding place of Sterna
albifrons in Serbia. It is also very important for Sterna hirundo and other bird species (Ciconia nigra,
Haliaeetus albicilla). The site involves the lower part of the Drina course, which is characteristic by
meanders and high quantity of gravel sediments. River forms numerous gravel islands and beeches
which are important for some plants and animals. Alluvial forests are presents on the river banks. The
site is characterized by mosaic landscape and is a complex of small plots, divided by small forest strips
and shrubs. Most of these forests are mixed stands with characteristic species for lowlands (ash-tree,
poplar-tree and willows). Forestry is not intensive in this area but there are some plots planted with
poplars for commercial use.
The total size of the site is 1.967 ha. The southern part is mainly under agricultural use and the area with
forest vegetation is frequently flooded, while the Northern part with mixed broadleaved forests is
protected from flooding by a dyke. One part outside the dyke is managed by Public Enterprise
Srbijavode, while the other (inner part) is managed by Public Enterprise Srbijaume (approximately
200 ha 10%). The rest of the site is in private ownership.
The invasive species are: Amorpha fruticosa, Acer negundo, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Conyza sp.,Bidens
sp., Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Phytolacca americana, Echynocistis lobata.
Table 37.1: Natura 2000 focal habitat types in site.
Habitat
type
Coverage
in site
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
3150
1,4 ha
X
13%
100 - Cultivation, 300 - Sand and

gravel extraction, 421 - disposal of
household waste, 701 - water
pollution, 803 - infilling of ditches,
3270
0,3 ha
clean and remov mud/vegetation

from ditches and ponds; prevent
disturbing natural water regime by
gravel extraction; restore wetlands
previously degraded by gravel
extraction; prevent gravel extraction
and soil degradation around and
within wetlands; prevent deposition
of waste; remove existing waste
prevent degradation made by gravel
extraction; restore wetlands
previously degraded by gravel
extraction; prevent deposition of
waste; remove existing waste
X
87%
X
94%
6%
100 - Cultivation, 300 - Sand and

gravel extraction, 421 - disposal of
household waste, 701 water
pollution, 803 infilling of ditches,
dykes, ponds, pools, marshes, 850
Modification of hydro-graphic
functioning, 951 drying out /
117
Biodiversity
Habitat
type
Coverage
in site
91E0
0,6 ha
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
X
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
160 - General Forestry, 164 - forestry

undergrowth, 300 - Sand and gravel
extraction, 421 - disposal of
household waste, 501 - paths, tracks,
cycling tracks)
Stop planting alochthonous species;

replant with native tree species;
improve control of protection (treebush cutting, cultivation); remove

Focal
Species
size
Status
A
B
C
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
Emys
orbicularis
prevent cultivation and drainage of

wet areas; clean and remove mud/
ponds; prevent gravel extraction
from larger ponds near river bank
and their destruction
Bombina
bombina
Haliaeetus
albicilla
421 - disposal of household waste,

300 - Sand and gravel extraction, 803
164 - forestry clearance, 165 removal of forest undergrowth, 300 Sand and gravel extraction, 810 Drainage, 850 - Modification of
853 - management of water levels
160 - General forest management,
poisoning, poaching, 300 - Sand and

management (prevent clear-cuttings
and intensive logging); prevent
cultivation and drainage of wet areas
(especially in forests); keep natural
water regime in forests; reforestate
Reforestate; protect old trees and
old grown forest fragments
118
Biodiversity
Focal
Species
size
Status
A
B
C
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
gravel extraction, 810 - Drainage

Ciconia
nigra
Sterna
hirundo
X
87%
X
13%
Sterna
albifrons
X
27%
X
73%
Alcedo
athis
Lutra lutra
X
40%
X
60%

501 - tracks, cycling tracks, 620 Outdoor sports, leisure activities, 810
- Drainage, 951 - drying out/accum.
Org. material, 952 - eutrophication
210 - Professional fishing, 211 - fixed
location fishing, 220 - Leisure fishing,
- Improved access to site, 620 Outdoor sports and leisure activities
210 - Professional fishing, 211 - fixed
location fishing, 220 - Leisure fishing,
- Improved access to site, 620 Outdoor sports and leisure activities
220 - Leisure fishing, 300 - Sand and
gravel extraction, 501 - paths, tracks,
and leisure activities, 701 - Noise
nuisance, 810 - Drainage, 951 drying out / accum. organic material
100 - Cultivation, 220 - Leisure fishing,
230 - Hunting, 234, 421 - disposal of
household waste, 300 - Sand and
gravel extraction, 620 - Outdoor
sports and leisure activities, 803 infilling of ditches, dykes, ponds,
pools, marshes
Reforestate; protect old trees and

old grown forest fragments;
maintain wet habitats (ponds,
marshes, wet meadows)
control and reduce gravel extraction

in river bed; protect nesting areas;
control access of people to nests;
create artificial gravel islands; guard
colonies during reproduction
control and reduce gravel extraction
in river bed; protect nesting areas;
control access of people to nests;
create artificial gravel islands; guard
colonies during reproduction
vegetation (willow); restrict access
to some (predefined) river banks
during reproduction period; restrict
nautical sports and other leisure
activities near grounds; prevent
illegal building on river banks
clean and remove mud/vegetation
water level; educate fisherman;
prevent use o fishing nets in and
around site

Cultivation
Leisure fishing
Sand and gravel extraction
Disposal of household waste
Sport and leisure activities
Water pollution
Invasion of species.
Prevent and control gravel extraction on localities important for bird species, especially within
the Drina riverbed
Introduce close-to-nature forestry and improve control of tree cutting and general forest
management, as well as reforestate with native species in accordance with habitat type
definitions
Prevent deposition of household waste and clear current deposits
Protect and manage important wetlands in flooded area by eg. mud and vegetation removal
Control access of tourist to important localities for birds and define recreation areas and
beeches.
119
Biodiversity
Define zones and localities important for target habitat types and species
Integrate water management with nature protection needs and incorporate conservation needs
in general river management
Develop management plan and action plans for particular habitat types and species.
120
Biodiversity
38. Obedska bara
Obedska bara is one of the best preserved and hold
the largest complex of wetland habitat types
including submerged water communities, rooted
floating vegetation, riparian forests). Old, preserved
flooded forests are well represented in the site. It is
of great national importance for Ciconia nigra,
Haliaaetus albicilla, Milvus migrans, Emys
orbicularis, Pelobates fuscus, Trirutrus dobrogicus
and other rare and endangered plant species. Castor
fiber has been reintroduced recently.
The mosaic of forests and wetlands are dominated
by a mixture of old lowland oak-ash-hornbeam
forests, but with many marshes and waterlogged areas. The complexes of lowland ecosystems are of
outstanding quality due to the natural flooding. Oxbows and mostly overgrown old meanders are the
most outstanding landscape features. Grasslands are present both in small patches and in larger
complexes, but the succession toward a forest vegetation, caused by insufficient number of wild and
domestic herbivores is visible almost everywhere.
The site, which includes the Special Nature Reserve Obedska bara, is located for the biggest part outside
of the dyke and under direct influence of the water levels of the River Sava.
The site covers a total area of 19.667 ha. The dominant land use is forestry on 17.047 ha (86,7%). The
land use intensity, according to the agreed land use criteria, is mostly moderate in natural or seminatural forests and intensive in poplar plantations. 13.097ha (78,6%) is covered by natural or seminatural deciduous forests and 3.950 ha (20,1%) of poplar plantations.
More than 95% of the land within the site is in state ownership, predominantly covered by the forests
and managed by the forest management company Public Enterprise Vojvodinaume. About 1.655 ha
(8,4%) of the land covered with forests, pastures and arable land is fenced and primarily managed by
Serbian Armed Forces. The remining part of the land is agricultural land in private ownership. Exactly
9.820 ha (49,9%) of the site is protected as Special Nature Reserve Obedska bara, managed by Public
Enterprise Vojvodinasume.
The invasive plant species are: Amorpha fruticosa, Acer negundo, Fraxinus pennsylvanica and several
Aster species. The invasive fish species are: Carassius auratus gibelio, Lepomis gibbosus, Ictalurus
nebulosus, Pseudorasbora parva.
Habitat
type
Coverage
in site
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
1530
0,1
3130
0,1
3150
0,4
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
100 - Cultivation, 141 - abandonment

of pastoral systems, 421 - disposal of
household waste, 950 - Biocenotic
evolution, 954 - invasion by a species
803 - infilling of ditches, dykes, ponds,
pools, marshes or pits, 810 - Drainage,
functioning, general, 920 - Drying out,
950 - Biocenotic evolution, 954 invasion by a species
Protect existing salt steppe patches;

maintain steppe habitats (mowing,
grazing) and maintain favorable water
regime; prevent further cultivation
Maintain favorable water regime;
prevent cultivation of areas near river
banks and near ponds and marshes;
maintain mosaic habitat in around
water bodies; control access of
people/tourist to important habitat
from channels and ponds; maintain
121
Biodiversity
Habitat
type
Coverage
in site
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
3270
0,9
6440
0,1
6450
0,1
6510
0,2
9160
39,5
91E0
1,2
91F0
31,7
Reedbeds 5,6
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions

functioning, general, 920 - Drying out,
favorable water regime; maintain

connectivity of water bodies; control
access of people/tourist to important
habitat; prevent drainage and
cultivation of water bodies
clean and remove mud/ vegetation
water level; control access of people to
important habitat
810 - Drainage, 811 - management of

drainage purposes, 850 - Modification
of hydrographic functioning, general,
hydrographic functioning, general, 950
- Biocenotic evolution, 954 - invasion
by a species
162 - artificial planting, 810 - Drainage,
functioning, general, 950 - Biocenotic
141 - abandonment of pastoral
systems,162 - artificial planting, 421 disposal of household waste, 810 Drainage, 850 - Modification of
- Biocenotic evolution , 954 - invasion
by a species
162 - artificial planting, 165 - removal
of forest undergrowth, 166 - removal
of dead and dying trees, 170 - Animal
breeding, 421 - disposal of household
waste, 502 - roads, motorways, 954 invasion by a species
of forest undergrowth, 180 - Burning,
hydrographic functioning, general , 954
- invasion by a species
breeding, 810 - Drainage, 850 Modification of hydrographic
functioning, general, 954 - invasion by
a species
organic material, 952 eutrophication
prevent cultivation and drainage;

maintain open habitats (mowing,
grazing); remove invasive species
(Amorpha fruticosa)
enable periodical flooding; prevent tree
planting (poplar plantage); maintain
open habitats (mowing, grazing)
maintain favorable water regime
(periodical flooding); maintain open
habitats (mowing, grazing); prevent
tree planting (poplar plantation)
Stop planting alochtonous vegetation;

replant native tree species in
accordance with habitat type; control
access of people, improve control of
protection (tree and bush cutting,
cultivation); control animal breeding
within forest habitats
Maintain favorable water regime
(periodical flooding); stop planting
alochtonous vegetation; replant native
tree species in accordance with habitat
type; reconstruct willow forests on
degraded areas
type; control accesses of people,
improve control of protection (tree
cutting, bush cutting, cultivation)
(periodical flooding); prevent
cultivation and drainage; control reed
cutting and burning
122
Biodiversity

Focal
Species
Population
size
Conservation
Status
A B
C
Triturus
dobrogicus
Emys
orbicularis
Bombina
bombina
Phalacrocorax 3-20bp
pygmaeus
Ixobrichus
minutes
30-40bp
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
421 - disposal of household waste, 803

functioning, general, 853 management of water levels
210 - Professional fishing, 220 - Leisure
fishing, 810 - Drainage, 850 Modification of hydrographic
functioning, 920 - Drying out, 950 Biocenotic evolution, 951 - drying out /
920 - Drying out, 950 - Biocenotic
evolution, 951 - drying out /

water level; remove waste from
ponds and channels; map and
ponds; create/dig new ponds
Prevent cultivation and drainage of
ponds; regulate favorable water
level
Apply close-to-nature forestry
(prevent clear-cuttings and
intensive logging); prevent
cultivation and drainage of wet
areas (especially in forests); keep
natural water regime in forests
(periodical flooding); maintain
open habitats with water bodies;
protect breeding areas

(periodical flooding); control reed
cutting and burning
123
Biodiversity
Focal
Species
Population
size
Conservation
Status
A B
C
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
Nycticorax
nycticorax
300-450bp

open wet habitats
Ardeola
ralloides
20-35bp
Egretta
garzetta
40-90bp
Casmerodius
albus
4-8bp
Ardea
cinerea
40-70bp
Ardea
purpurea
20-30bp
Ciconia
nigra
15-18bp
Plegadis
falcinellus
0-1bp
Haliaeetus
albicilla
4-5bp
Aquila
pomarina
3bp
Falco
cherrug
1-2bp
Alcedo athis
5-10 bp

hydrographic functioning, 920 - Drying
out, 950 - Biocenotic evolution, 951 drying out / accumulation of organic
material
out, 950 - Biocenotic evolution, 951 drying out/accumulation of org.
material
out, 950 - Biocenotic evolution, 951 drying out / accum. organic material
out, 950 - Biocenotic evolution, 951 drying out/accum. organic material
502 - roads, motorways, 810 Drainage, 850 - Modification of
hydrographic functioning, 951 - drying
out/accumulation of organic material
out / accumulation of organic material
systems, 160 - General Forestry
management, 162 - artificial planting,
poisoning, poaching, 502 - roads,
motorways, 810 - Drainage, 850 Modification of hydrographic
functioning, 950 - Biocenotic evolution,
951 - drying out/accum. Org. material
of pastoral systems, 240 - Taking /
Removal of fauna, general, 243 trapping, poisoning, poaching, 950 Biocenotic evolution
habitation, 701 - Noise nuisance, 810 Drainage, 811 - management of

open wet habitats

open wet habitats
open wet habitats
open wet habitats
open wet habitats
open wet habitats; protect old
trees and old grown forest
fragments
open wet habitats; reduce human
presence on predefined areas
protect old, large trees which are
suitable for nesting; reduce and
control human presence around
nests in reproductive period; feed
species supplemental
protect and maintain open wet

habitats (wet meadows) in and
around site; protect nesting locality
(reduce logging in the area); reduce
and control human presence
around nests in reproductive
period
maintain open habitats (meadows,

wet meadows, pastures); place
artificial nests on high power
pylons; recolonize suslik
Define areas important for
breeding and control access to
them; maintain riverbank
vegetation; maintain favorable
124
Biodiversity
Focal
Species
Population
size
Conservation
Status
A B
C
Dendrocopo
s medius
200-300bp
Ficedula
albicollis
150-200bp
Lanius
minor
3-5bp
Saxicola
rubetra
Lutra lutra
Castor fiber
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions

and dying trees
undergrowth,166 - removal of dead
and dying trees
100 - Cultivation, 101 - Smodification of
cultivation practices, 110 - Use of
pesticides, 141 - abandonment of
pastoral systems
100 - Cultivation, 101 - Smodification of
pastoral systems, 950 - Biocenotic
evolution
habitation, 701 - Noise nuisance, 803 infilling of ditches, dykes, ponds, pools,
marshes or pits, 810 - Drainage, 850 Modification of hydrographic
water level

reproduction)
Leave old, dead or dying trees;
preserve natural structure of forest
(multi-layer); control access to
forest habitats (reduce human
presence during reproduction)
maintain open habitats
(mowing/grazing); maintain
vegetation along agricultural fields;
reduce use of pesticides
favorable water level; control
fishing and use of fishing nets

favorable water level; educate
farmers and local people

Drainage
Water regulation
Cultivation
Natural succession
Eutrophication
Intensive use of wood (forest management)
Invasive species.
Integrate water management with nature protection needs and maintain favorable water
regime
Remove organic material of marshes, ditches and ponds
Introduce close-to-nature forestry and harmonize forest management with nature protection
and conservation needs (leave old, dead and dying trees, keep natural forest structure)
125
Biodiversity
Maintain open habitats (pastures, wet meadows)

Replace poplar plantages with natural habitat type species
Create artificial water bodies for birds and amphibians
Secure incentives for traditional cattle breeding practice.
Development of an integral management plan. Current management body has already made
significant effort on improving conservation status of wetlands within protected area but
conservations measures should be further implemented and on the wider area
Stricter control access to site to reduce disturbing species
Develop eco-tourism within site and promote natural values.
Biodiversity
39. Zasavica
The site Zasavica is a typical flatland river surrounded by a
mosaic of aquatic and wetland ecosystems and with fragments
of flooded forests. Zasavica today is a tributary to the Sava, but
according to available literature data, centuries ago it was a
natural connection between the Sava and its tributary the Drina.
Today the connection with the Drina is closed.
The site represents a mosaic of natural and agricultural habitats
alongside the Zasavica River which is located on the right bank
of Sava River near the city of Sremska Mitrovica. The main
characteristic feature of the Zasavica reserve is the wide open
floodplain area with common pastures although these cover
only 9,6 % of the whole area.
Very rare species such as Aldrovanda vesiculosa and Umbra
krameri are found there. It is also important as a breeding place
for bird species such as Botaurus stellaris and Aythia nyroca.
Castor fiber has been reintroduced recently. There are several
underground springs that supply Zasavica with fresh water. The
area is well-known as the only natural site in Serbia with Umbra krameri.
The water regime in the site is highly dependent on the dam and pumping station located at the mouth
of Zasavica into Sava River. The operation of the dam is harmonized to the needs of farmers and private
landowners only. Because of this, the water level in Zasavica is low during the spring and summer to
prevent flooding of arable land. This low water table has a negative impact on the biodiversity.
The site covers a total are of 2.335 ha. The land use is the following: grasslands covers 225 ha, which is
moderately used, moderately used mixed deciduous forest cover 637 ha, intensively managed poplar
plantations cover 108 ha, extensively used waterlogged areas including river Zasavica and tributary
watercourses cover 185 ha, moderately to intensively used arable land 1.108 ha and intensively used
orchards cover 16 ha. The land ownership is divided with public, state and private ownership. In 1997,
671 ha of area were designated as Special Nature Reserve Zasavica.
The invasive plant species are: Acer negundo, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Amorpha fruticosa, Solidago
gigantea, Ailanthus altissima, Aster sp. Phytolacca americana and Fallopia x bohemica. The invasive fish
species are: Carassius auratus gibelio, Lepomis gibbosus, Ictalurus nebulosus, Pseudorasbora parva.
Habitat
type
Coverage
in site
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
3130
0,4
3140
0,1
3150
5,3
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
803 - infilling of ditches, dykes,

ponds, pools, marshes or pits, 810 Drainage, 850 - Modification of
hydrographic functioning, 920 Drying out, 950 - Biocenotic
hydrographic functioning, 951 drying out / accumulation of organic
150- Restructuring agricultural land
holding, 803 - infilling of ditches,
maintain favorable water regime;

maintain mosaic habitat around water
bodies; control access of people to most
important habitat
Maintain favorable water regime;
maintain connectivity of water bodies;
prevent drainage and cultivation of all
water bodies; reduce water polution
clean and remove mud/vegetation from
channels and ponds; maintain favorable
water regime; maintain connectivity of
water bodies; control access of people to
127
Biodiversity
Habitat
type
Coverage
in site
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
3260
0,6
3270
0,8
6430
0,1
6440
8,3
6510
3,4
91E0
5,5
91F0
3,9
Reedbeds 12,1
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
hydrographic functioning, 920 Drying out, 950 - Biocenotic

100 - Cultivation, 850 - Modification
of hydrographic functioning, general
most important habitat; prevent

drainage and cultivation of water bodies
100 - Cultivation, 810 - Drainage, 811

- management of aquatic and bank
vegetation for drainage purposes,
functioning, 950 - Biocenotic
100 - Cultivation, 811 - management
of aquatic and bank vegetation for
drainage purposes, 850 Modification of hydrographic
systems, 530 - Improved access to
site, 810 - Drainage, 850 Modification of hydrographic
systems, 810 - Drainage, 850 Modification of hydrographic
hydrographic functioning, 954 invasion by a species
breeding - Animal breeding, 810 Drainage, 850 - Modification of
hydrographic functioning, 954 invasion by a species
810 - Drainage, 811 - management
of aquatic and bank vegetation for
drainage purposes, 850 Modification of hydrographic
preserve naturalness of water courses;

prevent drainage and cultivation;
maintain favorable water level;
channels and ponds; regulate water
level; control access of people to most
important habitat

(Amorpha fruticosa)

(Amorpha fruticosa)

habitats (mowing, grazing); prevent tree
planting (poplar plantation)
alochtonous vegetation; replanting of
native tree species in accordance with
habitat type; reconstruct willow forests
on degraded areas
type; control access of people, improve
control of protection (tree and bush
cutting, cultivation)
(periodical flooding); prevent cultivation
and drainage; control reed cutting and
burning
128
Biodiversity
Table 39.2. Natura 2000 focal species in site

Focal
Species
Population
size
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
Aldrovanda
vesiculosa
Umbra
krameri
Emys
orbicularis
Bombina
bombina
Triturus
dobrogicus
Botaurus
stellaris
0-2bp
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
701 - Noise nuisance, 810 - Drainage, Maintain favorable water level;

prevent drainage and cultivation
210 - Professional fishing, 220 maintain favorable water level;
Leisure fishing, 701 - Noise nuisance,
control fishing
functioning, general
ponds, pools, marshes or pits, 853 vegetation from channels and ponds;
management of water levels, 951 regulate favorable water level
drying out / accumulation of organic
material, 952 - eutrophication)
Apply close-to-nature forestry
(prevent clearcuttings and intensive
undergrowth, 810 - Drainage, 850 logging), prevent cultivation and
Modification of hydrographic
drainage of wet areas (especially
functioning, general, 853 within forests), keep natural water
management of water levels
regime in forests (flooding in spring)
ponds, pools, marshes or pits, 853 water level, remove waste from
management of water levels, 951 ponds and channels, map and protect
drying out / accumulation of organic
(in spring/summer) small ponds,
create/dig new ponds
100 - Cultivation, 220 - Leisure fishing, Maintain favorable water level;
530 - Improved access to site, 690 control reed cutting and burning
129
Biodiversity
Focal
Species
Population
size
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
Ixobricuhs
minutus
20-25bp
Ciconia
nigra
0-1bp
Aythia
nyroca
15-25bp
Haliaeetus
albicilla
0-1bp
Alcedo
atthis
5-8bp
Saxicola
rubetra
20-30bp
Lanius
minor
1-3bp
Lutra lutra
Castor
fiber
Threats and Impacts
Other leisure and tourism impacts, 810

- Drainage, 850 - Modification of
hydrographic functioning,950 Biocenotic evolution
100 - Cultivation, 220 - Leisure
fishing, 690 - Other leisure and
tourism impacts, 920 - Drying out,
950 - Biocenotic evolution, 951 drying out / accumulation of organic
material
Forestry management, 162 - artificial
planting, 230 - Hunting, 502 - roads,
motorways, 530 - Improved access to
site, 810 - Drainage, 850 Modification of hydrographic
220 - Leisure fishing, 230 - Hunting,
530 - Improved access to site, 690 Other leisure and tourism impacts,
162 - artificial planting, 230 Hunting, 243 - trapping, poisoning,
poaching, 502 - roads, motorways,
organic material
- Drainage, 811 - management of
of pastoral systems, 151 - removal of
hedges and copses
of pastoral systems, 151 - removal of
hedges and copses
pools, marshes or pits, 810 Drainage, 850 - Modification of
organic material
habitation, 811 - management of
drainage purposes, 803 - infilling of
ditches, dykes, ponds, pools, marshes
or pits, 810 - Drainage, 850 Modification of hydrographic
Proposed Actions
maintain favorable water level,

control reed cutting and burning

(periodical flooding), maintain open
wet habitats, protect old trees and
old-grown forest fragments
maintain favorable water level,

control human presence during
reproduction period
protect old, large trees suitable for

nesting, reduce and control human
presence around nests in
reproductive period, feed
supplemental
define areas important for breeding

and control of access to them,
maintain riverbank vegetation,
maintain favorable water level
maintain open habitats (mow/grass),

maintain vegetation along agriculture
fields, reduce use of pesticides
maintain open habitats (mow/grass),
maintain vegetation along agriculture
fields, reduce use of pesticides
Clean and remove mud/vegetation
from channels and ponds, regulate
favorable water level, control fishing
and use of fishing nets

from channels and ponds, regulate
favorable water level, educate
130
Biodiversity
Focal
Species
Population
size
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
functioning, general

Regulation of water level

Drainage and cultivation
Deforestation.
Integrate water management with nature protection needs and maintain favorable water level
management
Remove accumulated organic material from ponds, ditches and river bed where necessary
Introduce close-to-nature forestry and restore alluvial forests and other forest habitat types;
control cutting and removal of forest undergrowth, remove alochtonous vegetation
Manage open habitat types by mowing
Support and ensure incentives for traditional cattle breeding practice.
Enlarge areas with pastures and meadows
Specific actions and action plans for rare and endangered species.
131
Biodiversity
40. Trskovaa
The site Trskovaca represents a relatively small wetland area, which is important for wetland habitats
and for migratory birds. It is particulary important for its large and compact areas with reed as well as an
important spawning area for the fish species Tinca tinca and Carassius auratus. There are also several
underground springs, which ensure constant influx of fresh water.
Trskovaca is located nearby Platicevo, a small village in the southern part of Srem near Obedska bara.
This area is enchased from the South and West by the Sava River valley. Trskovaca includes the
meliorated areas of Trskovaca pond and the wetland complex that is a connection between Sava River
and Special Nature Reserve Obedska bara (eng. Marsh of Obed). It is an important ecological corridor,
and represents a singled out agricultural area, which is a result of interaction between human activities
and the forces of nature.
The site covers a total area of 380 ha. The dominant land use is agriculture on arable land. There is
balance between private and state ownership. There is also a minor part of area in public ownership.
About half of the site area (natural sites) is under process of protected area (PA) designation. A proposal
for the protection of this area (natural monument) has been finished.
The invasive species are: Ambrosia artemisifolia, Asclepias syriaca, Carassius gibelio, Lepomis gibbosus.
Habitat
type
Coverage
in site
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
3150
10,4
3270
4,1
91E0
0,1
Reedbeds
17,4
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
150 - Restructuring agricultural land

holding, 803 - infilling of ditches,
100 - Cultivation, 850 - Modification
950 - Biocenotic evolution
Clean and remove mud/vegetation from

water regime, maintain connectivity of
water bodies, control access of people
to important habitat, prevent drainage
and cultivation of all water bodies

- Modification of hydrographic
functioning, general, 954 - invasion
by a species
- management of aquatic and bank
vegetation for drainage purposes,
/ accumulation of organic material,
selective clean and remove mud/

regulate water level, prevent of
cultivation
plant native willow trees, maintain
favorable water regime (flooding)

(periodic flooding), prevent cultivation
and drainage, control reed cutting and
burning
132
Biodiversity

Focal
Species
Population
size
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
Trituris
dobrogicus
Bombina
bombina
Emys
orbicularis
Ciconia
nigra
20i
Haliaeetus
albicilla
2i
Aquila
pomarina
2i
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
421 - disposal of household waste, 803 infilling of ditches, dykes, ponds, pools,
marshes or pits, 853 - management of water
levels, 951 - drying out / accumulation of
100 - Cultivation, 810 - Drainage, 850 Modification of hydrographic functioning,

general, 853 - management of water levels

ponds; regulate water level,
map and strict protec (in
spring/summer) small ponds,
create/ dig new ponds
prevent cultivation and
drainage of wet areas,
maintain favorable water
regime
Prevent cultivation and
drainage of wet areas, clean
and remove mud/ vegetation
from channels and ponds,
regulate favorable water level
421 - disposal of household waste, 803 infilling of ditches, dykes, ponds, pools,
marshes or pits, 850 - Modification of
hydrographic functioning, general, 951 - drying
out / accumulation of organic material, 952 eutrophication
general, 950 - Biocenotic evolution, 951 drying out / accumulation of organic material

regime (periodic flooding),
maintain open wet habitats
(flooded meadows)


regime, maintain open wet
habitats and water bodies,
supplemental feed species
Maintain favorable water
regime, maintain open wet
133
Biodiversity
Focal
Species
Population
size
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
Saxicola
rubetra
1-2bp
Castor
fiber
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions
100 - Cultivation, 141 - abandonment of
pastoral systems
habitats and water bodies
100 - Cultivation, 243 - trapping, poisoning,

poaching, 403 - dispersed habitation, 803 infilling of ditches, dykes, ponds, pools,
marshes or pits, 810 - Drainage, 811 management of aquatic and bank vegetation
for drainage purposes, 850 - Modification of

(mow/grass), maintain
vegetation along agriculture,
clean and remove
mud/vegetation from channels
and ponds, regulate favorable
water level, educate farmers
and local people

Main threats on Natura 2000 focal habitat types and species
Water regulation
Drainage
Cultivation.
Integrate water management with nature protection needs and control water levels in order to
secure periodic flooding, keep water in ponds and ditches during late spring and summer and
avoid drainage.
Remove organic material from inland ditches and ponds
Prevent intensive forestry and agriculture
Introduce close-to-nature forestry and reforestate with native willow trees
Manage open habitat types by mowing and grazing
Define zones important for target habitat types and species
Develop management plan and action plans for particular habitats and species.
134
Biodiversity
41. Moroviko-bosutske ume
The site is situated in the lowland on the left bank of the Sava River and includes several tributaries on
the Northern edge while on the Westside the site borders Spacva, one of the project sites in Croatia.
The mosaic-like landscape is dominated by mixture of old lowland Pedunculate oak-ash-hornbeam
forests, with mosaics of marshes and waterlogged areas overgrown with willows, representing a natural
mosaic of high biodiversity value. The plants are mostly hygrophilous. Small grassland patches, in
different stages of succession, are most often situated within wetland complexes. Accelerated
overgrowing of meadows is mostly caused by insufficient number of wild and domestic herbivores and
by the lack of natural flooding. The site is surrounded by arable land from north and east. A few villages
are in the vicinity.
Lowland forests are dominating the landscape. On the border of the site the tributaries to the Sava
including the Bosut River are flowing adding to the landscape and biodiversity of the site. Within the site
are also a few smaller watercourses.
The largest part of the site is protected by a dyke along the Sava, but the water regime of the area is
managed through a dam in the river Bosut that is a tributary to the Sava. By doing so, flooding of the site
is not regular, but managed depending mostly upon needs of agriculture and flooding protection of
settlements and towns in the vicinity and downstream.
The total area of the site is 21.852 ha. Dominant land use is forestry. Natural or semi-natural mixed
deciduous forests cover 19.281 ha, mostly moderately managed, according to the agreed land use
criteria. Only waterlogged willow and autochthonous poplars forests in foreland, managed by Public
Enterprise for Water Management Vode Vojvodine, are extensively managed. Small watercourses,
fragmented grassland patches and forest infrastructure are included into forestry, since belonging to
forest management units. 830 ha of the site is covered by intensively managed poplar plantations.
More than 95 pct. of the site is owned by the state, predominantly covered by forests managed by the
Public Enterprise Vojvodina sume. Some land in state ownership is managed by the Public Enterprise
Vode Vojvodine, and there is also an area for hunting and fishing tourism -VU Morovic, managed by
the Serbian Armed Forces. A smaller part of the area is private agricultural land.
Only 225 ha (1 %) of the site is under protection in form of six separated Strict Nature Reserves,
presenting oldest natural forest remnants with trees up to 400 years old. The conservation of the area is
to be revised and the protected areas to be joined into one larger Nature Reserve, which is yet to be
established.
The invasive species are one of the greatest threats for the site area. The invasive plant species are
Amorpha fruticosa, Acer negundo, Fraxinus pennsylvanica. Asclepias syriaca, Ailanthus altissima,
Solidago gigantea and Gledichia triachantos. The invasive fish species are Carassius auratus gibelio,
Lepomis gibbosus, Ictalurus nebulosus and Pseudorasbora parva.
Habitat
type
Coverage
in site
3130
0,1
3150
1,5
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
X
Threats and Impacts
Proposed actions

functioning, 920 - Drying out, 950 Biocenotic evolution, 954 - invasion by
a species
150 - Restructuring agricultural land
holding, 803 - infilling of ditches, dykes,
ponds, pools, marshes or pits, 810 -
maintain favorable water regime;

maintain mosaic habitat near water
bodies; control access to important
locations
water regime; maintain connectivity of
135
Biodiversity
Habitat
type
Coverage
in site
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
3260
0,1
3270
0,2
6430
0,1
6440
0,5
6450
0,1
9160
37,5
91E0
0,4
91F0
47,5
Reedbeds 4,6
Threats and Impacts
Proposed actions
Drainage, 850 - Modification of

out, 950 - Biocenotic evolution, 954 invasion by a species
100 - Cultivation, 850 - Modification of
water bodies; control access to most

important locations; prevent drainage
and cultivation of all water bodies
100 - Cultivation, 810 - Drainage, 811 management of aquatic and bank

vegetation for drainage purposes, 850
- Modification of hydrographic
954 - species invasion
100 - Cultivation, 811 - management of
purposes, 850 - Modification of
hydrographic functioning, 950 Biocenotic evolution, 954 - species
invasion
systems, 530 - Improved access to site,
- Biocenotic evolution, 954 - invasion
by a species
162 - artificial planting, 810 - Drainage,
breeding, 421 - disposal of household
waste, 502 - roads, motorways, 954
species invasion
hydrographic functioning, 954
species invasion
breeding - Animal breeding, 810 Drainage, 850 - Modification of
- invasion by a species
preserve naturalness of water courses;

prevent drainage and cultivation;
selective clean and remove
mud/vegetation from channels and
ponds; regulate water level; control
access of people to most important
locations
(Amorpha fruticosa)
Prevent cultivation and drainage;

(Amorpha fruticosa)
prevent cultivation and drainage; enable

periodical flooding; prevent poplar
plantation; maintain open habitats
(mowing, grazing)
Stop planting alochtonous vegetation;
replant native tree species relevant for
habitat type, control access of people,
improve control of protection (tree
cutting, bush cutting, cultivation); control
animal breeding within forests (pigs)
tree species relevant for habitats;
reconstruct willow forests on degraded
areas
tree species; control access of people,
improve tree& bush cutting and
cultivation

(periodical flooding); prevent cultivation
and drainage; control reed cutting and
burning
136
Biodiversity

Focal
Species
Population
size
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
Triturus
dobrogicus
Bombina
bombina
Emys
orbicularis
Ciconia
nigra
12-16bp
Haliaeetus
albicilla
6-7bp
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions

functioning, 853 - management of
water levels
material, 952 eutrophication

of water level; remove waste from
ponds and channels; map and strict
ponds; create new ponds
management (prevent clear-cuttings
and intensive logging); prevent
cultivation and drainage of wet
areas (especially in forests); keep
natural water regime in forests
ponds; regulate favorable water
level
wet habitats; protect old trees and
oldgrown forest fragments
protect old, large trees suitable for

nesting; reduce and control human
presence near nests in reproductive
137
Biodiversity
Focal
Species
Population
size
Conservation
Status
A
B
C
Aquila
pomarina
1bp
Alcedo
atthis
10-20bp
Dendrocopos 50-80bp
medius
Ficedula
albicollis
60-80bp
Saxicola
rubetra
Lutra lutra
Castor fiber
Threats and Impacts
Proposed Actions

systems, 160 - General Forestry
management, 162 - artificial planting,
poisoning, poaching, 502 - roads,
motorways, 810 - Drainage, 850 Modification of hydrographic
organic material
habitation, 810 - Drainage, 811 management of aquatic and bank
vegetation for drainage purposes, 951
- drying out / accumulation of organic
material
undergrowth,166 - removal of dead
and dying trees
undergrowth,166 -removal of dead and
dying trees
period; supplement feed species
100 - Cultivation, 101 - modification of

pastoral systems, 950 - Biocenotic
evolution
improve monitoring; protect and

maintain open wet meadows in and
around site; protect nesting locality
(reduce logging in area); reduce and
control human presence near nests
in reproductive period
define areas important for breeding

and control access to them;
maintain riverbank vegetation;

preserve natural structure of forest
(multi-layer); control access to
forest habitats (reduce human
presence during reproduction
period)
Maintain open habitats
favorable water level; control fishing
and use of fishing nets

favorable water level; educate
138
Biodiversity

Cultivation
Drainage
Planting of alochtonous tree species.

Selectively remove organic material from marshes, ditches and ponds in order to improve status
of wet habitat types and species linked to them
Introduce close-to-nature forestry and integrate with nature protection needs, including
replacement of non-native poplar plantations with native tree species according to defined
habitat types
Secure incentives for traditional cattle breeding practice
Maintain open habitats (pastures, wet meadows)
Define zones important for target habitat types and species
species
Improve monitoring of habitats and species
Develop management plan and action plans for particular habitats and species harmonizing
forestry, water and agriculture plans with nature protection.
139
Biodiversity
Sites important for biodiversity along the Sava River in Slovenia
42. Zelenci in Ledine pod Rateami

The general site character is alkaline fens and transitional bog at the source of Sava Dolinka.
The quality and importance of the site is connected to the wetland at the foot of alpine slopes, and the
river source in the alluvial and glacial deposits, surrounded by wetland vegetation. After the stream area
there is a complex of transitional mires.
The site is threatened by gravel transported by temporary streams, possible problems with uncontrolled
tourist visit (part of the area is dedicated for visitors), and changes in water regime and pollution.
The site covers a total of 112,19 ha. The site is designated as a Natura 2000 site and protected on
national level as a Natural Reserve and the site is included in the Slovenian ecological network.
The site is managed by the Triglav national park authority. The territory of the site is owned by a mixture
of private land owners, state, local community and the church.
Habitat type
Coverage
in site
Conservation Status
7230
30%
7140
25%
7150
1%
C
400, 850, 853, 920, 950
X
X
Threats and impacts
120, 950
120, 502, 800, 950
Other known habitat types in site (Physis code): 22.414, 22.42, 22.431, 22.432, 22.433, 24.12, 37, 37.11, 44.11, 44.13, 44.22,
44.31, 53.11, 53.1111, 53.131, 53.2121, 53.31, 54.12, 54.122.
Fig. 42.1. The Natura 2000 site delineation.
140
Biodiversity
Focal Species
Population
size
Conservation Status
A
Threats and impacts

C
Alcedo atthis
P>0%
Saxicola rubetra
P>0%
Other species known in site: Anas querquedula, Crex crex, Rallus aquaticus, Myotis daubentonii, M. mystacinus, Neomys fodiens,
Bufo bufo, Hyla arborea, Rana kl. Esculenta, R. temporaria, Triturus alpestris alpestris, T. carnifex, Lacerta vivipara, Vipera
berus, Drepanocladus vernicosus, Andromeda polifolia, Drosera anglica, Drosera rotundifolia, Oxycoccus palustris, Utricularia
vulgaris.
Future management and protection

The site is designated as a Natura 2000 site and protected on national level as a Natural Reserve and is
included in the Slovenian ecological network.
Develop management plan for site and action plan for the Natura 2000 habitat types and
species, which the site is being designated for, in order to secure favourable conservation status
for these Natura 2000 habitat types and species.
141
Biodiversity
43. Sava Bohinjka z Mostnico in Ribnico
The site consists of alpine river with well preserved river dynamics and riparian habitats (gravelbeds,
willows, alder...). The site is an important fish habitat. The tributaries Motnica and Ribnica are important
fish spawning sites. Sava Bohinjka is also an important habitat for endangered fish and waterfowl
species.
The site covers a total of 455,74 ha. The territory of the site is owned by a mixture of private land
owners, state, local community and the church.
There is currently no management plan for the site. The site is designated as a Natura 2000 site and
The Natura 2000 focal habitat types in site: There are no Natura 2000 habitat types identified for the
site. Other habitat types known in site (Physis code): 24.12, 24.13, 37.714, 44.11, 44.2, 44.21
The Natura 2000 focal species in site: There are no Natura 2000 focal species identified for the site.
Other species known in site: Cinclus cinclus, Eudontomyzon marie, Cottus gobio, Coenonympha tullia.

The site is designated as a Natura 2000 site and included in the Slovenian ecological network.
142
Biodiversity
44. Sava Dolinka od Zelencev do Hruice
The site consists of alpine river with torrential character, with well preserved natural dynamics. Well
preserved riparian vergetation consists of non-forest habitat types, forest habitat types with willows and
shrubs with Salix elegans. Larger gravelbeds lie downstream from major tributaries (Beli potok, Belca,
Pinica). Typical pionir forest of red pine and common juniper developed on gravel alluvium.
The site covers a total of 337,39 ha. The territory of the site is owned by a mixture of private land
owners, state, local community and the church
The Natura 2000 focal habitat types in site : There are no Natura 2000 habitat types identified for the
site. Other habitat types known in site (Physis code): 24.12, 24.2, 44.11, 44.22.
The Natura 2000 focal species in site: There are no Natura 2000 focal species identified for the site.
Other species known in site: Charadrius dubius, Cottus gobio, Elaphoidella elaphoides, Hyponephele
lycaon, Coenonympha tullia.

143
Biodiversity
45. Sava od Mavi do Save
The general site character is riparian vegetation and important habitat for fish species. The main quality
and importance of the site is that it is a relatively natural segment of the Sava River, though moderately
poluted. The site is still an important habitat for Cottus gobio, Leuciscuss souffia, Rutilus pigus, Hucho
hucho and Eudontomyzon sp. Records include records for Vertigo angustior. The site has typical riparian
vegetation. The site is also important for the coherency of the network.
The site is regarded as vulnerable due to improper water management measures, water pollution,
drastic changes in water regime (making dams). The riparian vegetation is threatened by invasive plants.
The site covers a total area of 3.229,39 ha. The ownership of the site is a mixture of private land owners,
State, local community and the Church. There is currently no management plan for the site. The site is
designated under Natura 2000 and included in the Slovenian ecological network.
Table 45.1. Natura 2000 focal habitat types in sites
Habitat type
Coverage
in site
Conservation Status
A
Threats and impacts

C
91E0
26%
890
91L0
22%
190
9180
1%
3240
2%
300, 852, 853
6210
5%
101, 120, 141
6510
1%
101, 150, 810, 950
Other Natura 2000 habitat types known in site: 6110, and Physis habitat types known in site: 24.2, 34.3, 41.2A2, 44.1, 34.322,
34.323, 37.7, 38.221, 38.222, 44.3, 44.4, 24.52
Fig. 45.1. The Natura 2000 site designation.
144
Biodiversity
Focal Species
Population
size
Conservation Status
A
Threats and impacts
Eudontomyzon spp.
P<2%
Hucho hucho
P>15%
X
X
401, 420, 500, 510, 600, 629, 803, 811
Leuciscus souffia
P<2%
110, 120, 130, 170, 300, 401, 420, 500, 510, 600, 870,
960
110, 120, 401, 420, 500, 510
Alcedo atthis
Sterna hirundo
Haliaeetus albicilla
Ciconia ciconia
Ficedula albicollis
Lanius minor
Saxicola rubetra
Other species known in site: Carabus variolosus, Leuciscus souffia, Rutilus pigus, Vertigo angustior, Accipiter gentilis, A. nisus,
Acrocephalus schoenobaenus, A. arundinaceus, A. scirpaceus, Actitis hypoleucos, Alauda arvensis, Anas clypeata, A. crecca, A.
querquedula, A. strepera, Anthus pratensis, Ardea purpurea, Ardeola ralloides, Athene noctua, Aythya ferina, A. fuligula, A.
nyroca, Bombycilla garrulous, Buteo buteo, Carduelis cannabina, C. carduelis, C. chloris, C. spinus, Charadrius dubius, Chlidonias
hybridus, C. leucopterus, C. niger, C. nigra, Circus aeruginosus, Columba livia, C. oenas, Corvus corone corone, C. frugilegus,
Coturnix coturnix, Dendrocopos leucotos, D. major, D. minor, Dryocopus martius, Egretta garzetta, Emberiza citrinella, Emberiza
schoeniclus, Falco peregrines, F. subbuteo, F. tinnunculus, Galerida cristata, Gallinago gallinago, Ixobrychus minutus, Jynx
torquilla, Lanius collurio, Larus cachinnans, Larus ridibundus, Locustella fluviatilis, Luscinia megarhynchos, Miliaria calandra,
Milvus migrans, Motacilla flava, Nycticorax nycticorax, Oenanthe oenanthe, Oriolus oriolus, Pandion haliaetus, Perdix perdix,
Pernis apivorus, Phalacrocorax pygmeus, Phoenicurus ochruros, P. phoenicurus, Picus canus, P. viridis, Platalea leucorodia,
Podiceps cristatus, P. grisegena, P. nigricollis, Rallus aquaticus, Remiz pendulinus, Saxicola torquata, Serinus serinus, Sterna
caspia, Streptopelia turtur, Strix aluco, Sylvia communis, Tachybaptus ruficollis, Tringa glareola, Tringa ochropus, Tringa
tetanus, Troglodytes troglodytes, Turdus torquatus, Upupa epops, Vanellus vanellus, Hyla arborea, Bombina variegata, Rana
dalmatina, R. kl. Esculenta, R. lessonae, R. ridibunda, R. temporaria, Triturus carnifex, T. vulgaris, Bufo bufo, Cottus gobio,
Aeshna grandis, Epitheca bimaculata, Gomphus vulgatissimus, Libellula fulva, Lycaena dispar, Mellicta aurelia, M. britomartis,
Myotis emarginatus, Nymphaea alba, Orchis palustris.

Integrate water management with nature protection needs, including measures for water
quality and water dynamics
145
Biodiversity
46. Sava od Radovljice do Kranja
The site is a relatively undisturbed and natural segment of the Sava River located North-West from
Kranj. It is an important habitat for the species Hucho hucho and Cottus gobio. The site consists of
alluvial vegetation.
The quality and importance of the site is connecte to being one of the rare preserved segments of the
Sava River in the upper middle stream. Still, the site contains natural processes of the river with alluvial
gravel and more or less natural vegetation.
The site is vulnable to the current inappropriate water management with gravel extraction and water
pollution.
The site covers a total of 877,91 ha. The site has a mixed ownership of privat land owners, State, local
community and church.
Habitat type
Coverage
in site
Conservation Status
91E0
9%
91L0
18%
3220
10%
211, 300, 620, 830, 852, 954
3230
1%
300, 852
3240
10%
300, 852, 853
Threats and impacts

C
890
X
190
Other Physis habitat types known in site: 24.12, 24.2, 37.714, 41.81, 42.54, 44.22, 44.31, 53.31, 54.121, 54.221.
146
Biodiversity
Focal Species
Population
size
Hucho hucho
P<2%
Alcedo atthis
Conservation tatus
A
Threats and impacts

C
X
110, 120, 130, 170, 300, 401, 420, 500, 510, 600,
870, 960
-
Other species known in site: Callimorpha quadripunctaria, Cottus gobio, Actitis hypoleucos, Alauda arvensis, Alectoris graeca,
Bonasa bonasia, Mergus merganser, Scolopax rusticola, Leuciscus souffia.

147
Biodiversity
47. Sava Bohinjka in Sava Dolinka
The site include the confluence of the two rivers Sava Bohinjka and Sava Dolinka with an exceptional
diversity of water and riparian habitats with wetlands, meanders, gravelbeds and many others. The site
holds habitats of many rare and endangered plant and animal species.
The site covers a total area of 936,54 ha. The site has a mixed ownership of private land owners, State,
Local Community and the Church.
Habitat type
Coverage
in site
7210
5%
7220
1%
7230
1%
Conservation Status
A
Threats and impacts

C
403, 501, 803, 810, 850
301, 800, 852
400, 850, 853, 920, 950
Other Physis habitat types known in site: 24.12, 24.2, 24.221, 37.714, 41.81, 42.54, 44.22, 44.31, 53.31, 54.121, 54.221.

Focal Species
Myotis myotis
Population
size
<120
Conservation Status
A
B
X
Threats and impacts

C
164, 624, 740, 110
Bombina variegata
Hucho hucho
Other species known in site: Callimorpha quadripunctaria, Austropotamobius torrentium, Coenagrion ornatum, Ardea cinerea,
Charadrius alexandrines, Cinclus cinclus, Dendrocopos major, Falco peregrines, F. subbuteo, F. tinnunculus, Ficedula albicollis,
Jynx torquilla, Lanius collurio, Nycticorax nycticorax, Oriolus oriolus, Phoenicurus phoenicurus, Picus canus, P. viridis, Serinus
serinus, Sylvia borin, Hyla arborea, Rana dalmatina, R. kl. Esculenta, R. ridibunda, R. temporaria, Triturus alpestris, T. vulgaris,
Bufo bufo, Anguis fragilis, Coronella austriaca, Elaphe longissima, Lacerta agilis, L. viridis, L. vivipara, Natrix natrix, N. tessellata,
148
Biodiversity
Podarcis muralis, Vipera ammodytes, V. berus, Cottus gobio, Eudontomyzon mariae, Thymallus thymallus, Melitaea diamina,
Cerambyx scopoli, Lucanus cervus, Prionus coriarius, Procerus gigas, Schoenus ferrugineus, Liparis loeselii, Drosera rotundifolia,
Cladium mariscus.

149
Biodiversity
48. Julijske Alpe
The site covers almost the entire territory of the Julianne Alpes and contains well preserved and
developed mountain ecosystems of the South-Eastern calcareous alpes from alpine valleys up to the
mountain tops. The site holds the source of Sava Bohinjka.
The main quality and importance of the site is linked to the very well preserved alpine ecosystems with
natural processes in place. The site holds the greatest number of caves, more than 800, in Slovenia
though not rich in troglobiont fauna. All typical alpine ecosystems exist in the site and are well
developed such as alpine grasslands, chasmophyte vegetation and calcareous screes. Outstanding
values are the dwarf pine complexes, black pine pioneer forests and limestone pavements. The site
holds the main part of the habitat of the species Erebia calcarea and one of key areas for the endemic
species Campanula zoysii, while the Soa River in the site has the main provenience for Salmo
marmoratus.
The main problems for the site are the long distance air pollution and uncontrolled mountaineering in
high mountain area. In the alpine valleys, there are problems with abandonment or intensification of
grasslands, uncontrolled urbanisation due to development of infrastructure and capacities for tourists.
The site covers a total area of 115.551,97 ha. The ownership of the site is a mixture of private land
owners, State, Local Community and the Church.
The site is designated as a Natura 2000 site and included in the Slovenian ecological network. Most of
the site is included in Triglav National Park, first protected in 1924 and with existing area from 1981. The
site is managed by the Triglav National Park authority.
Habitat type
Coverage
in site
Conservation Status
3140
1%
6430
1%
6510
5%
101, 150, 810, 950
7140
1%
120, 950
B
X
Threats and impacts

C
120, 140, 701, 803, 950, 952
803, 810, 811, 853, 954, 971
Other Natura 2000 habitat types known in site: 4070, 91K0, 9530, 3220, 3230, 3240, 4060, 6110, 6150, 6170, 6210, 6230, 6520,
8120, 8160, 8210, 8220, 8240, 8310.
150
Biodiversity
Focal Species
Population
size
Conservation Status
A
B
X
Threats and impacts
Alcedo atthis
1-3
Aquila chrysaetos
10-12
Lanius collurio
100-300
Saxicola rubetra
100-300
Other species known in site: Aegolius funereus, Alectoris graeca saxatilis, Aquilegia bertolonii, Bonasa bonasia, Campanula
zoysii, Cottus gobio, Cypripedium calceolus, Dryocopus martius, Erebia calcaria, Eryngium alpinum, Eudontomyzon spp., Falco
peregrines, Ficedula parva, Glaucidium passerinum, Gyps fulvus, Lagopus mutus helveticus, Lutra lutra, Lynx lynx, Moehringia
villosa, Monticola saxatilis, Osmoderma eremite, Picoides tridactylus, Rosalia alpine, Salmo marmoratus, Tetrao tetrix tetrix,
Tetrao urogallus, Ursus arctos, Barbastella barbastellus, Bombina variegate, Dicranum viride, Euphydryas aurinia, Gladiolus
palustris, Morimus funereus, Upupa epops, Rhinolophus hipposideros, Barbus meridionalis, Barbus plebejus, Leuciscus souffia,
Austropotamobius pallipes, Austropotamobius torrentium, Stemmacantha rhapontica, Leontodon montanus, Androsace
Helvetica.

The site is in the process of being designated as a Natura 2000 site and included in the Slovenian
ecological network. The site is included in the Triglav National Park, first protected in 1924 and with
existing area from 1981, which has management plan.
Develop action plans for the Natura 2000 habitat types and species, which the site is being
designated for, in order to secure favourable conservation status for these Natura 2000 habitat
types and species.
151
Biodiversity
49. Sava od Rade do dravne meje
The site consists of the lower part of the Sava River with extensive floodplains. The area is rich in water
and riparian habitat types including riverbed with gravelbads and eroded walls, temporarly flooded
tributaries, permanent meanders, wetlands and fragments of lowland flooded forests. The site holds
important habitats for many rare and endangered bird, fish and amphibian species, especially for Aspius
aspius, Barbus meridionalis, Cobitis elongata, Cobitis taenia, Gobio uranoscopus, Rhodeus sericeus
amarus and Zingel streber.
The site covers a total area of 2.850,94 ha. The ownership of the site is a mixture of private land owners,
State, Local Community and Church.
Habitat type
Coverage
in site
6210
30%
6510
30%
Conservation Status
A
Threats and impacts

C
101, 120, 141
101, 150, 810, 950
Other habitat types (Physis code): 34.322, 34.323, 37.7, 38.221, 38.222, 44.3, 44.4, 41.1C, 41.2A1.

Focal Species
Population
size
Conservation Status
A
Threats and impacts

C
Aythya nyroca
P>0%
Ardeola ralloides
P>0%
Phalacrocorax pygmeus
P>0%
152
Biodiversity
Lanius collurio
P>0%
Lanius minor
P>0%
Ciconia nigra
P>0%
Haliaeetus albicilla
P>0%
Saxicola rubetra
P>0%
Ciconia ciconia
P>0%
P>0%
Platalea leucorodia
P>0%
Chlidonias hybridus
P>0%
Sterna hirundo
P>0%
Ficedula albicollis
P>0%
Alcedo atthis
Other known species in site: Aspius aspius, Barbus meridionalis, Cobitis elongate, C. taenia, Gobio uranoscopus, Rhodeus
sericeus amarus, Zingel streber, Cucujus cinnaberinus, Osmoderma eremite, Accipiter nisus, Acrocephalus schoenobaenus, A.
arundinaceus, A. scirpaceus, Actitis hypoleucos, Alauda arvensis, Anas clypeata, A. crecca, A. querquedula, A. strepera, Anthus
pratensis, Ardea purpurea, Asio otus, Athene noctua, Aythya farina, A. fuligula, Bombycilla garrulous, Buteo buteo, Carduelis
cannabina, C. carduelis, C. chloris, C. spinus, Charadrius dubius, Chlidonias leucopterus, C. niger, Circus aeruginosus, Columba
livia, C. oenas, Corvus corone corone, C. frugilegus, Coturnix coturnix, Dendrocopos leucotos, D. major, D. minor, Dryocopus
martius, Egretta garzetta, Emberiza citrinella, E. schoeniclus, Falco peregrines, F. subbuteo, F. tinnunculus, Galerida cristata,
Gallinago gallinago, Gallinula chloropus, Ixobrychus minutes, Jynx torquilla, Larus cachinnans, L. ridibundus, Locustella
fluviatilis, Luscinia megarhynchos, Merops apiaster, Miliaria calandra, Milvus migrans, Motacilla flava, Oenanthe oenanthe,
Oriolus oriolus, Pandion haliaetus, Perdix perdix, Pernis apivorus, Phoenicurus ochruros, P. phoenicurus, Picus canus, P. viridis,
Podiceps cristatus, P. grisegena, P. nigricollis, Rallus aquaticus, Remiz pendulinus, Riparia riparia, Saxicola torquata, Serinus
serinus, Sterna caspia, Streptopelia turtur, Strix aluco, Sylvia communis, Tachybaptus ruficollis, Tringa glareola, T. ochropus, T.
totanus, Troglodytes troglodytes, Turdus torquatus, Upupa epops, Vanellus vanellus, Bombina variegate, Bufo bufo, Hyla
arborea, Rana dalmatina, R. kl. Esculenta, R. lessonae, R. ridibunda, R. temporaria, Triturus carnifex, T. vulgaris, Lacerta agilis,
Natrix tessellata, Barbus barbus, Chondrostoma nasus, Silurus glanis, Aeshna grandis, Cercion lindenii, Epitheca bimaculata,
Gomphus vulgatissimus, Libellula fulva, Somatochlora flavomaculata, Lycaena dispar, Mellicta aurelia, M. britomartis, Najas
marina, Nymphaea alba, Orchis palustris, Sagittaria sagittifolia, Trapa natans.

153
Biodiversity
B. Analysis of threats and current conservation status of target Natura
2000 habitat types and species
The Conservation Status of the target Natura habitat types and species
Based on the site results for the target Natura 2000 habitat types and species on observed conservation
status, an overall analysis for all sites of current conservation status of the target Natura 2000 habitat
types and species are presented in the two tables beneath (Deliverable B5).
Table 50.1. Overview of current conservation status of the target Natura 2000 habitat types
Habitat type
Code
Conservation status
(No. Of sites)
B
C
Unknown
1530
3130
3140
3150
3260
3270
6430
6440
6450
6510
7140
7230
9160
91E0
91F0
91G0
91L0
Reedbeds
2
1
1
1
1
1
3
2
3
4
3
8
4
22
3
13
4
13
7
15
3
11
11
25
13
6
3
2
1
8
2
3
3
5
2
2
4
4
1
7
3
3
3
-
1
1
-
7,1
5,3
14,3
5,9
5,0
25,0
21,4
14,3
8,6
20,0
60,0
Conservation status
(%)
B
C
Unknown
- 100,0
50,0
50,0
66,7
33,3
78,6
10,7
50,0
50,0
68,4
26,3
57,1
28,6
76,5
11,8
63,6
36,4
75,0
20,0
75,0
78,6
78,6
7,1
71,4
20,0
65,0
15,0
66,7
33,3
50,0
50,0
40,0
-
3,6
5,9
-
No of sites with
habitat type present
No
% of total
1
16
6
28
6
19
7
17
11
20
4
14
14
35
20
9
6
5
2,0
32,7
12,2
57,1
12,2
38,8
14,3
34,7
22,4
40,8
8,2
28,6
28,6
71,4
40,8
18,4
12,2
10,2
The lakes and rivers

In the 16 sites, which hold the habitat type 3130, none of the Oligotrophic to mesotropic standing
waters with vegetation of Littorelletea uniflora / Isoto-Nanojuncete were in favourable conservation
status, 50% in good conservation status and 50% in unfavourable conservation status.
In the six sites, which hold the habitat type 3140, none of the Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with
benthis vegetation of Chara sp. were in favourable conservation status, 66,7% in relative good
conservation status and 33,3% in unfavourable conservation status.
In the 28 sites, which hold the habitat type, 7,1% of the Natural eutrophic lakes with Magnopotamnionor Hydrocharition type vegetation were in favourable conservation status, 78,6% in relative good
The three lake habitat types were identified in 50 cases in the 49 sites. In only 2 cases, the lake habitat
types were observed to be in favourable conservation status. In 34 cases, the lakes were in relative good
conservation status, but in 13 cases, the lakes were in unfavourable conservation status.
154
Biodiversity
In the six sites, which hold the habitat type 3260, none of the Water courses of plain to montane levels
with Ranunculion fluitantis & Callitricho-Batrachian vegetation were in favourable conservation status,
50% in relatively good conservation status and 50% in unfavourable conservation status.
In the 19 sites, which hold the habitat type 3270, 5,3% of the Muddy river banks with Chenopodion rubri
p.p. and Bidention p.p. vegetation were in favourable conservation status, 68,4% in relative good
The two river habitat types were identified in 25 cases in the 49 sites. In only 1 case, these river habitat
types were observed to be in favourable conservation status. In 16 cases, the rivers were in relative
good conservation status, but in 8 cases, the rivers were in unfavourable conservation status.
The alkaline fens

In the 14 sites, 21,4% of the the habitat type 7230 Alkaline fens were in favourable conservation status,
78,6% were in relative good conservation status and none were in unfavourable conservation status.
The meadows
In the seven sites, which hold the habitat type 6430, 14,3% of the Hydrophilous tall-herb fringe
communities of plains and of montane to alpine levels were in favourable conservation status, 57,1% in
relative good conservation status and 28,6% in unfavourable conservation status.
In the 17 sites, which hold the habitat type 6440, 5,9% of the Alluvial meadows of river valleys of the
Cnidion dubii, were in favourable conservation status, 76,5% in relative good conservation status and
11,8% in unfavourable conservation status.
In the 11 sites, which hold the habitat type 6450, none of the Northern boreal meadows of river valleys
were in favourable conservation status, 63,6% in relative good conservation status and 36,4% in
unfavourable conservation status.
In the 20 sites, which hold the habitat type 6510, 5% of the Lowland hay meadows (Alopecurus
pratensis, Sanguisorba officinalis) were in favourable conservation status, 75% in relative good
conservation status and 20% in unfavourable conservation status.
The four meadow habitat types were identified in 55 cases in the 49 sites. In only 2 cases, the meadows
were observed to be in an favourable conservation status. In 39 cases, the meadows were observed to
be in relative good conservation status, but in 12 cases, the meadows were observed in unfavourable
conservation status.
The reedbeds
The reedbeds were observed in five sites of which the reedbeds were in excellent conservation status in
three sites and in relative good conservation status in two sites. None were found to be in unfavourable
The forests
In the 14 sites, which have the habitat type 9160, 14,3% of the Sub-Atlantic and medio-European oak or
oak-hornbeam forests of the Carpinion betuli were in favourable conservation status, 78,6% in relative
good conservation status and 7,1% in unfavourable conservation status.
In the 35 sites, which have the habitat type *91E0, 8,6% of the Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and
Fraxinus excelsior (Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, Salicion albae) were in favourable conservation status,
71,4% in relative good conservation status and 20% in unfavourable conservation status.
155
Biodiversity
In the 20 sites, which have the habitat type 91F0, 20% of the Riparian mixed forests of Quercus robur,
Ulmus laevis and U. minor, Fraxinus excelsior or F. angustifolia, along great rivers (Ulmenion minoris)
were in favourable conservation status, 65% in relative good conservation status and 15% in
In the 9 sites, which have the habitat type *91G0, none of the Pannonic woods with Quercus petraea
and Carpinus betulus were in favourable conservation status, 66,7% in relative good conservation status
and 33,3% in unfavourable conservation status.
In the 6 sites, which have the habitat type 91L0, none of the Ilirian oak-hornbeam forests (Erythroniocarpinion) were in favourable conservation status, 50% in relative good conservation status and 50% in
The five forest habitat types were identified in 84 cases in total in the 49 sites. In 7 cases, the forests are
observed to be in an favourable conservation status. In 58 cases, the forests were observed to be in
relative good conservation status, but in 17 cases, the forests were observed in unfavourable
Table 50.2. Overview of current conservation status of the target Natura 2000 species
Conservation status
(No of sites)
Species
A
Conservation status
(%)
Unknown
No of sites
with species present
Unknown
No.
% of total
Birds
Alcedo atthis
22
6,3
68,8
15,6
9,4
32
65,3
Aquila pomarina
80,0
20,0
10
20,4
Ardea cinerea
21
84,0
12,0
4,0
25
51,0
Ardea purpurea
100,0
2,0
Ardeola ralloides
12
85,7
7,1
7,1
14
28,6
Aythya nyroca
72,7
9,1
18,2
11
22,4
Botaurus stellaris
50,0
50,0
4,1
Chlidonias hybridus
83,3
16,7
12,2
Ciconia ciconia
7,7
61,5
7,7
23,1
13
26,5
Ciconia nigra
16
12,5
66,7
20,8
24
49,0
Crex crex
100,0
16,3
Dendrocopus medius
16
9,5
76,2
14,3
21
42,9
Egretta alba
12
85,7
7,1
7,1
14
28,6
Egretta garzetta
100,0
2,0
Ficedula albicollis
13,3
60,0
13,3
13,3
15
30,6
Halliaetus albicilla
15
16,7
62,5
4,2
16,7
24
49,0
Ixobrichus minutus
100,0
4,1
Lanius collurio
10
71,4
14,3
14,3
14
28,6
Lanius minor
75,0
25,0
16,3
13
5,6
72,2
11,1
11,1
18
36,7
Phalacrocorax pygmeus
60,0
40,0
10,2
Platalea leucorodia
100,0
14,3
Saxicola rubetra
16
69,6
13,0
17,4
23
46,9
Sterna albifrons
50,0
50,0
8,2
Sterna hirundo
10
71,4
14,3
14,3
14
28,6
Plants
Aldrovanda vesiculosa
100,0
2,0
Nymphea alba
100,0
4,1
Marsilea quadrifolia
10,0
80,0
10,0
10
20,4
Amphibians
156
Biodiversity
Bombina bombina
30,8
53,8
15,4
13
26,5
Bombina variegata
28,6
57,1
14,3
14,3
Triturus dobrogicus
37,5
37,5
25,0
16,3
12
30,0
60,0
10,0
20
40,8
Eudontomyzon spp.
33,3
66,7
6,1
Hucho hucho
66,7
33,3
6,1
Leuciscus souffia
50,0
50,0
4,1
Umbra krameri
66,7
33,3
6,1
Castor fiber
11
21,4
78,6
14
28,6
Barbastella barbastellus
33,3
66,7
6,1
Lutra lutra
12
63,2
21,1
15,8
19
38,8
Miniopterus schreibersi
100,0
8,2
Myotis spp.
20,0
80,0
10,2
Rhinolophus spp.
100,0
8,2
Reptiles
Emys orbicularis
Fish
Mammals
Selected target species depending on water habitats

In the 32 sites, which have the bird species Alcedo atthis, 6,3% were in favourable conservation status,
68,8% in relative good conservation status and 15,6% in unfavourable conservation status.
In the four sites, which have the bird species Sterna hirundo, none were in favourable conservation
status, 50% in relative good conservation status and 50% in unfavourable conservation status.
In the 14 sites, which have the bird species Sterna albifrons, none were in favourable conservation
status, 71,4% in relative good conservation status and 14,3% in unfavourable conservation status.
In the ten sites, which have the plant species Marsilea quadrifolia, 10% were in favourable conservation
In the three sites, which have the fish species Hucho hucho, none were in favourable conservation
status, none in relative good conservation status and 66,7% in unfavourable conservation status. 33,3%
the conditions were unknown.
In the three sites, which have the fish species Umbra krameri, none were in favourable conservation
In the 14 sites, which have the mammal species Castor fiber, 21,4% were in favourable conservation
status, 78,6% in relative good conservation status and none in unfavourable conservation status.
In the 19 sites, which have the mammal species Lutra lutra, none were in favourable conservation
These eight water dependant species were observed in 99 cases in total in the 49 sites. In only 6 cases
the species were observed in favourable conservation status. In 67 cases, the species were observed to
be in relative good conservation status, but still in 17 cases, the species were observed in unfavourable
conservation status. In one case, the conservation status was not defined.
Selected target species depending on grasslands and meadows

In the 23 sites, which have the bird species Saxicola rubetra, none were in favourable conservation
status, 69,6% in relative good conservation status and 13% in unfavourable conservation status. For
17,4%, the conservation status was not defined.
157
Biodiversity
In the eight sites, which have the bird species Crex crex, none were in favourable conservation status,
100% in relative good conservation status and none in unfavourable conservation status.
In the 14 sites, which have the bird species Lanius collurio, none were in favourable conservation status,
In the eight sites, which have the bird species Lanius minor, none were in favourable conservation
status, 75% in relative good conservation status and none in unfavourable conservation status. For 25%,
the conservation status was not defined.
These four species depending on open habitat types were identified in 53 cases in total in the 49 sites. In
none of the cases were the species observed in favourable conservation status. In 40 cases, the species
were observed to be in relative good conservation status, but still in five cases, the species were
observed in unfavourable conservation status. In eight case, the conservation status was not defined.
Selected target species depending on forests

In the 10 sites, which have the bird species Aquila pomarina, none were in favourable conservation
In the 13 sites, which have the bird species Ciconia ciconia, 7,7% were in favourable conservation status,
61,5% in relative good conservation status and 7,7% in unfavourable conservation status. For 23,1%, the
conservation status was not defined.
In the 24 sites, which have the bird species Ciconia nigra, 12,5% were in favourable conservation status,
In the 24 sites, which have the bird species Haliaeetus albicilla, 16,7% were in favourable conservation
status, 62,5% in relative good conservation status and 4,2% in unfavourable conservation status. For
In the 21 sites, which have the bird species Dendrocopos medius, 9,5% were in favourable conservation
In the 15 sites, which have the bird species Ficedula albicollis, 13,3% were in favourable conservation
status, 60% in relative good conservation status and 13,3% in unfavourable conservation status. For
These six species depending on forest habitat types were identified in 107 cases in total in the 49 sites.
In only 12 cases the species were observed in favourable conservation status. In 72 cases, the species
were observed to be in relative good conservation status, but in 14 cases, the species were observed in
unfavourable conservation status. In nine case, the conservation status was not defined.
158
Biodiversity
The Analysis of Threats and Impacts for Natura 2000 habitat types and species
Based on the observed threats and impacts for the target Natura 2000 habitat types and species on site
level, an overall analysis for all sites of the main threats and impact are presented in the table beneath
(Deliverable B5).
Table 50.3. Analysis of threats and impacts on the Natura 2000 habitat types and species on site level.
Relevant for
sites
Relevance
Pct., %
Inappropriate water management

Drainage and/or drying out of wetlands
Regulation and management of water levels
Canalization
Modification of hydrographic functioning or of structures of inland water bodies
Dykes and/or bank embankments
Infilling of ditches, dykes, ponds, pools, marches or pits
No. of sites impacted of one or more of the above
27
23
14
12
10
3
37
55,1
46,9
28,6
24,5
20,4
6,1
75,5
Other water related impacts

Eutrophication and water/soil pollution
Inappropriate management of aquatic and bank vegetation
Sand and gravel extraction, removal of sediments
26
12
9
53,1
24,5
18,4
Inappropriate Forest management

Intensive forestry, incl. use of non-native species and removal of dead/dying wood
Deforestation
23
10
46,9
20,4
Inappropriate agriculture on grasslands and meadows

Inappropriate agriculture, modification of agricultural practices and cultivation
Use of pesticides and/or fertilizers
Abandonment of pastoral system
Wrong mowing or cutting of reed beds and wetlands
20
15
12
4
40,8
30,6
24,5
8,2
Invasive species
Invasion of non-native species
21
42,9
Other human induced impacts

Urbanization, networks, roads, disposal of waste and other human habitation
Excessive hunting and/or taking of fauna in the wild
Inappropriate tourism, sports and leisure structures and/or activities
Over-exploitation by fish aquaculture or fishing
Mines
23
16
8
7
3
2
46,9
32,7
16,3
14,3
6,1
4,1
Threats and Impacts
159
Biodiversity
C. Evaluation of the network of sites along the Sava River
As an evaluation of the network of sites and their ability to secure connectivity and coherency for the
target habitat types and species along the Sava, the habitat types and species are evaluated in groups
for water, open land and forests beneath (Deliverable B6).
The water habitat types and species

The three lake habitat types were identified in 50 cases in the 49 sites. In only 2 cases, the lake habitat
types were observed to be in favourable conservation status. In 34 cases, the lakes were in relative good
conservation status, but in 13 cases, the lakes were in unfavourable conservation status.
The two river habitat types were identified in 25 cases in the 49 sites. In only 1 case, these river habitat
types were observed to be in favourable conservation status. In 16 cases, the rivers were in relative
good conservation status, but in 8 cases, the rivers were in unfavourable conservation status.
The alkaline fens were identified in 14 cases in total in the 49 sites, In 3 cases, the habitat type were in
favourable conservation status. In 11 cases, the fens were in relative good conservation status and none
were in unfavourable conservation status.
The eight selected species depending on water habitats were observed in 99 cases in total in the 49
sites. In only 6 cases the species were observed in favourable conservation status. In 67 cases, the
species were observed to be in relative good conservation status, but still in 17 cases, the species were
observed in unfavourable conservation status. In one case, the conservation status was not defined.
The connectivity and coherency for the water related habitat types and species along the Sava River are
determined and secured by the Sava River itself, if the river basin management is integrated with nature
protection.
The main human induced activities identified for the water dependant habitat types and species, which
imposes a threat against securing favourable conservation status for these habitat types and species are
all related to the management and regulation of the water bodies and for the Sava River in particular,
such as drainage, regulation, canalisation, dykes, modification of structures of inland water bodies and
modifications of hydrographic functioning, as well as eutrophication, water pollution, and sand and
gravel extraction.
In order to stop further deterioration of the sites and to secure the favourable conservation status for
the habitat types and species, the call for actions presented beneath in section D must be adressed.
The meadow habitat types and species

The four meadow habitat types were identified in 55 cases in the 49 sites. In only 2 cases, the meadows
were observed to be in an favourable conservation status. In 39 cases, the meadows were observed to
be in relative good conservation status, but in 12 cases, the meadows were observed in unfavourable
The four selected species depending on open habitat types were identified in 53 cases in total in the 49
sites. In none of the cases were the species observed in favourable conservation status. In 40 cases, the
species were observed to be in relative good conservation status, but still in five cases, the species were
observed in unfavourable conservation status. In eight case, the conservation status was not defined.
The connectivity and coherency for the meadow related habitat types and species along the Sava River
are determined and can be improved by the future management of the open habitat types.
160
Biodiversity
The main human induced activities identified for the open habitat types and their species, which
all related to the agricultural practise carried out on the grasslands and pastures, such as changes in
traditional agricultural practices, abandonment of pastoral system, use of fertilisers and pesticides and
inappropriate mowing or grazing for the specific habitat types.
the habitat types and species, the call for actions presented beneath in section D must be addressed.
The forest habitat types and species

The five forest habitat types were identified in 84 cases in total in the 49 sites. In 7 cases, the forests are
observed to be in an favourable conservation status. In 58 cases, the forests were observed to be in
relative good conservation status, but in 17 cases, the forests were observed in unfavourable
The six selected species depending on forest habitat types were identified in 107 cases in total in the 49
sites. In only 12 cases the species were observed in favourable conservation status. In 72 cases, the
species were observed to be in relative good conservation status, but in 14 cases, the species were
observed in unfavourable conservation status. In nine case, the conservation status was not defined.
The connectivity and coherency for the forest related habitat types and species along the Sava River are
determined and can be improved by the future management of the forests, if the forestry is harmonised
with nature protection needs such as through applying close-to-nature forestry.
The main human induced activities identified for the forest habitat types and their species, which
highly related to the forest management carried out on the forested areas, such as intensive forestry,
use of non-native tree species, deforestation and removal of dead and dying wood.
the habitat types and species, the call for actions presented beneath in section D must be addressed.
Areas capable of storing floodwaves

For the target Natura 2000 habitat types and species identified in the 49 sites under this project, most of
these habitat types and species are in fact directly or indirectly dependant on periodic floodings and
natural water regime with fluctuating water levels over the year.
Areas in need of restoration

In order to improve the conditions for the network of sites along the Sava River, a few sites were
identified as being in need of restoration. The sites were identified as part of the performed fieldwork
and based on the level of treaths and impacts onto the target Natura 2000 habitat types and species on
site level. These sites are:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Odak-Vojskova in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Raa in Bosnia and Herzegovina (borders with Ue Drine and Moroviko-bosutske ume)
Ue Drine in Serbia (borders with Raa)
MorovikoBosutske ume in Serbia (borders with Raca and Spacvanski bazen)
Spacvanski bazen in Croatia (this site is not in specific need of restoration but it borders with
Raca and Morovicko-Bosutske sume and restoration between these sites should be coordinated)
6. utica in Croatia.
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Biodiversity
Proposals for site restoration plans to restore degraded target habitat types and improve conditions for
target species have been elaborated for these sites as part of this project (Deliverable B10). The
restoration plans are presented in separate technical report.
162
Biodiversity
D. Recommendations for Actions to secure the network of sites
Current situation
The 16 Bosnian-Herzegovinian sites, which are included in our proposed network of sites along the Sava
River, are currently not protected under any national protection scheme. Only one site is a Ramsar site.
For the most biologically important sites, proposals for protection are under development. No official
Bosnian-Herzegovinian ecological network is being established. Projects such as the Sava project
contributes to preparing documentation for future initiatives, both in relation to achieving protection
under national legislation, to preparing for European Natura 2000 and to prepare for establishing
ecological networks. For Bosnia-Herzegovina, the municipalities and local physical planning units are
currently important stakeholders.
The 16 Croatian sites, which are included in our proposed network of sites along the Sava River, are all
included in the Croatian ecological network, CRONEN. The sites will furthermore be proposed as
European Natura 2000 sites. Croatia is currently harmonizing national legislation with EU legislation on
nature protection. Thus, the Croatian sites are all planned for falling under Croatians obligations to
implement Natura 2000. For Croatia, the site managers and national authorities responsible for the
Croatian ecological network and for Natura 2000 implementation are important stakeholders.
The 9 Serbian sites, included in our proposed network of sites along the Sava River, are partly and partly
not under national protection. For the sites without any protection status, proposals for protection are
under development. No official Serbian Ecological Network is being established, but projects such as the
Sava project contribute to formulating future initiatives on establishing ecological networks and
preparing for the Natura 2000. Serbia is currently preparing for harmonizing national legislation with EU
legislation on nature protection. For Serbia, the site managers are important stakeholders.
The 8 Slovenian sites, included in our proposed network of sites along the Sava River, are all included in
the Slovenian Ecological Network and selected for designation as Natura 2000 sites.
Recommendations for actions to secure Natura 2000 habitat types and species
Based on the analised threats, the current conservation status of the target Natura 2000 habitat types
and species and the site specific recommendations given per site, generic recommendations for the
network of sites have been elaborated to secure FCS for Natura 2000 habitat types and species
(Deliverable B7). These recommendations are presented beneath.
Tabel 50.4. Recommendation for actions to secure FCS of target Natura 2000 habitat types and species
Recommendations for actions
Site protection and management
Relevant for No of sites
Relevance of total
49 sites
100%
Secure favourable conservation status of Natura 2000 habitat types and species through
establishing/continuing protection of the sites under relevant national legislations
Establish legal protection status for sites currently not under protection and for sites in need of stronger
protection
Develop site management plan with action plan for the Natura 2000 habitat types and species relevant for
the sites and with emphasis on conserving wetlands
Implement restoration measures for remaining wetland habitat types, where relevant
Implement specific measures for protection of the rare and endangered species, where relevant
163
Biodiversity
Recommendations for actions
Relevant for No of sites
Relevance of total
Prepare zoning scheme defining zones important for target habitat types and species and buffer zones.
Integrate site management plans into physical planning documents
Establish site management bodies of relevant local and central organisations responsible for ensuring
implementation of management plan
Capacity build established management bodies for protected areas to ensure implementation of
management plans
Integrated water management with nature protection
35 sites
71,4%
Secure incorporation of nature protection objectives and measures into the Integrated River Basin
Management plan for the Sava River
Stop drainage of wetlands and secure natural water levels and water dynamics, including periodic flooding
Avoid modifications in hydrographic functioning
Secure natural flow of water bodies and avoid canalization
Carry out monitoring of water quality
Prohibit and/or control removal of sediment, sand and gravel extraction
Restore and regulate sewage system for waste water.
32 sites
65,3%
Implement close-to-nature forestry and harmonise forest management with nature protection needs
Require reforestation with only native species
Control forestry through FSC certification of forest managements
Management of grasslands and meadows
30 sites
61,2%
Promote and educate local people on agricultural practice harmonised with nature protection with focus on
wetland meadow and grassland habitat types and species
Control, reduce and/or prohibit pesticides and/or fertilizer in sites under protection
Secure incentives, financial support and measures for traditional livestock farming and pastoral system
Manage and maintain open habitats by mowing and/or grassing in line with requirements of the relevant
grassland and meadow habitat types
Control of invasive species
16 sites
32,7%
31 sites
63,3%
Control and remove actively invasive species
Actions to reduce impact of other human induced impacts
Find ways to balance urbanization and infrastructure development within sites in cooperation with
authorities responsible for physical planning
Improve waste management system and address responsible bodies to remove waste from sites
Regulate hunting and/or taking of fauna in the wild
Develop programme for sustainable tourism and create educational/tourist trails
Stimulate traditional fish farming in sites with fish ponds and implement principles for sustainable fish
production
Remove mines
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Biodiversity
Recommendations for managing the network of sites and maintaining the
transborder cooperation
A coordinating Sava biodiversity Platform/Initiative/Network should be established with participation of
NGOs, site managers, managers of protected areas, institutes for nature conservation, forest
management organizations, water management organisations and other relevant organisations. This
initiative should coordinate and exchange information on ongoing initiatives related to the network of
sites along the Sava River.
The managers of protected areas should come together on an annual base to exchange information and
agree on joint actions and strategies to secure a coherent approach to the protection and management
of the Sava River and the protected areas along the river, to develop joint projects and strategies and to
react on plans and projects that might be in conflict with the protected areas.
This Sava biodiversity Initiative could be initiated by one of the protected areas (eg. Lonsjko Polje) and
should also include the Institutes for Nature Conservation, NGOs, and other stakeholders to participate.
A clear link with the Sava Basin Commission should be secured in order to secure the needs to take
biologically important areas into consideration in the integrated river basin management plan and other
issues related to meeting the obligations of the EU Water Framework Directive and EU Habitats and
Birds Directives. The Sava Basin Commission could play a role in the initiative but given the interest of
the Commission in issues related to biodiversity protection this might not be the most obvious choice. It
is important to strive towards an organisational structure that addresses the challenges of Integrated
Land and Water Management in conformity with modern approaches to river basin management.
The Stakeholder Council for the Middle Posovina established in Lonjsko Polje could be a base to build
upon to strengthen wider cooperation between stakeholders along the Sava River.
Another option is that the Institutes for Nature Conservation from Serbia, Slovenia and Croatia plus
CEPRES and the relevant institute in Republica Srepska sign a Letter of Intent in which they agree to
exchange data and support the coherent management and protection of the network of protected areas
along the river. Based on this LoI, the Institutes can also share experiences and know how in various
aspects of nature protection, monitoring and management like the implementation of the Birds and
Habitats Directives and the elaboration of the Integrated River Basin Management Plan for the Sava in
line with the EU Water Framework Directive.
An important element of the LoI would also be the continued management of the data base and to
make sure the information will be up to date The LoI between the Institutes could include calling
together the managers of the protected areas and other stakeholders on an annual base.
An important task to be addressed in the cooperation along the Sava is to draw up and implement an
action plan to control the expansion of invasive alien species as a dominant and urgent issue along the
Sava River. Transborder cooperation along the Sava in the efforts to control the encroachment of
invasive species is a prerequisite.
Two concrete possibilities for increased cooperation at site level are the possible designation of two
cross border protected areas. These are:
Raa (BiH) and Ue Drine (RS) (both sites are not yet protected and in need of restoration)
MorovikoBosutske ume (RS) and Spavanski bazen (HR).
Proposals for site restoration plans to restore degraded target habitat types and improve conditions for
target species have been elaborated for these sites as part of this project (Deliverable B10).
Another aspect on which cooperation could be improved is the breeding and re-introduction of critically
endangered rare and endangered autochthonous cattle breeds like the Turopolje pig and the Slavonian
Podolian cattle. Originally these breeds occurred along the Sava in Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovian and
165
Biodiversity
Serbia. Croatia has a well developed policy to support the introduction of these species while also in
Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina farmers can get government support when using these species.
Setting up a joint program and establishing a common gene base or exchanging sperm and/or eggs
would significantly contribute to the re-introduction and protection of these important elements of
agro-biodiversity.
BiH does not have a comprehensive system of protected areas. Only Bardaa is protected under the
Ramsar Convention. There are plans to designate new protected areas.
To secure the protection of the sites it is important to improve the application of the Appropriate
Assessment as required by article 6 of the Habitats Directive. As long as the HD is not a legally binding
instrument the principles of article 6 should be applied as much as possible.
The Sava River itself is identified as a potential Natura 2000 site in Croatia. Being the connecting
backbone of the network of sites, the Sava River is highly valuable for securing the connectivity between
the sites. It therefore important to formulate IRBM measures that help to secure and maintain this
connecting role.
To ensure effective integrated river basin management planning it is necessary to sustain the results of
the Life III project Protection of Biodiversity of the Sava River Basin Floodplains, and proposed the
following concrete actions:
to establish a Stakeholder Council for the Sava River, by extending the existing Stakeholder
Council for the Middle Posavina region;
to establish a network of protected areas; the managers of protected areas to regularly meet
and exchange information on the protection and management of PAs;
to strengthen the cooperation of he Institutes for Nature Conservation from Croatia, Serbia,
Slovenia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina (CEPRES, Institute for the Protection of Cultural, Historical
and Natural Heritage of the Republic of Srpska) by signing an agreement on:
o the maintenance of the Sava River database, currently hosted by the State Institute for
Nature Conservation (Croatia);
o the designation of additional protected areas to support the establishment of an
ecological network along the Sava River, particularly taking transboundary context into
account;
o the exchange of scientific data and the results of habitats and species monitoring along
the Sava River;
o the joint support to the elaboration of the Integrated River Basin Management Plan for
the Sava River Basin;
o the promotion of the protection and re-introduction of traditional autochthonous cattle
breeds wherever applicable;
o the elaboration of an Action Plan to halt the dispersal of invasive species.
to elaborate a joint plan for sustainable tourism development along the Sava River, in close
cooperation with the government bodies responsible for tourism, and to include the plan into
the work of the protected areas network, as well as market the Sava River and its protected
areas as a destination for nature friendly tourism.
166

Task B - Sava Site Report On Biodiversity (B4-B7)

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Biodiversity

Protection of Biodiversity of the Sava River Basin Floodplains

The Institute of the

Protection of Biodiversity of the Sava River Basin Floodplains

Protection of Biodiversity of the Sava River Basin

Protection of Biodiversity of the Sava River Basin Floodplains

Protection of Biodiversity of the Sava River Basin Floodplains

Protection of Biodiversity of the Sava River Basin Floodplains

Network of Sites important for Biodiversity along the Sava River

Identifying Sites with Species and Habitat Types of European Significance

Protection of Biodiversity of the Sava River Basin Floodplains

National habitat interpretation sheets of Identified Natura 2000 habitat types

Protection of Biodiversity of the Sava River Basin Floodplains

Natura 2000 habitat types

*Pannonic salt steppes and salt marshes

Oligotrophic to mesotropic standing waters with veg. of Littorelletea uniflora / Isoto-Nanojuncete

Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthis vegetation of Chara sp.

Natural eutrophic lakes with Magnopotamnion- or Hydrocharition type vegetation

Hydrophilous tall-herb fringe communities of plains and of montane to alpine levels

Alluvial meadows of river valleys of the Cnidion dubii

Northern boreal meadows of river valleys

Lowland hay meadows (Alopecurus pratensis, Sanguisorba officinalis)

Transition mires and quaking bogs

Reedbeds, tall sedges and vegetation of Phragmito-Magnocaricetea1

Sub-Atlantic and medio-European oak or oak-hornbeam forests of the Carpinion betuli

Ilirian oak-hornbeam forests (Erythronio-carpinion)

Natura 2000 Species

Alcedo atthis (water)

Aquila pomarina (forest)

Ardea cinerea (colonies

Ardeola ralloides (colonies)

Protection of Biodiversity of the Sava River Basin Floodplains

Natura 2000 Species

Ciconia ciconia (forest), Ciconia nigra

Crex crex (grassland)

Dendrocopos medius (forest)

Egretta alba (colonies), Egretta garzetta

Ficedula albicollis (forest)

Haliaeetus albicilla (forest)

Lanius collurio, Lanius minor (rural areas)

Nycticorax nycticorax (colonies)

Platalea leucorodia (oxbows/fish ponds)

Sterna hirundo (water), Sterna albifrons (water)

Marsilea quadrifolia (water)

Bombina bombina, Bombina variegate

Eudontomyzon spp. (spawning areas)

Hucho hucho (spawning areas)

Leuciscus souffia (spawning areas)

Umbra krameri (spawning areas)

Lutra lutra (water)

Myotis bechsteini, M. blythi, M. dasycneme, M. myotis

Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, Rhinolophus hipposideros

The identified sites important for biodiversity

Protection of Biodiversity of the Sava River Basin Floodplains

Raa (Bijeljina) (border with site 37 and site 41)

Total area for the 16 sites in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Total area for the 16 sites in Croatia

Veliko Ratko Ostrvo Ue

Total area for the 9 sites in Serbia

Zelenci in Ledine pod Rateami

Total area for the 8 sites in Slovenia

Protection of Biodiversity of the Sava River Basin Floodplains

Protection of Biodiversity of the Sava River Basin Floodplains