The manufacture of polymer Paint

Material Teknik

Disusun Oleh :
Feri Alifianto ( 13612062 )

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH GRESIK

FAKULTAS TEKNIK
PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK INDUSTRI
2014

The manufacture of polymer Paint

Abstract
A polymer is a repeating chain of atoms, formed from the fastener length which consists of
identical molecules called monomers. Though usually an organic (carbon chains have), there
are also many inorganic polymers. Famous examples of polymers are plastics and DNA.
The polymer is defined as a substance consisting of molecules that include a series of one or
more than one monomer unit. Humans have been using polymers for centuries in the form of oil,
asphalt, resin, and chewing gum. But the new modern polymer industry began to develop during
the industrial revolution. In the late 1830s, Charles Goodyear succeeded in producing a useful
natural rubber through a process known as vulkanisasi. 40 years later, Celluloid (a type of
hard plastic from nitrocellulose) successfully commercialized. Is the introduction of vinyl,
neoprene, nylon, polystyrene and in the 1930s began the explosion in polymer research which
still lasts to this day.

I.

Prefatory

Paint is a liquid used to coat the surface of a material with the purpose of embellish ( decorative )
, protect or strengthen reinforcing protecttive he material .Worn on the surface and after drying
up , forming a thin layer of paint will be attached to the strong and dense on the surface .Sticking
to the surface paint can be done by many ways : sprayed ( spray ) , or dipped ( dipping ( susyanto
with another way , 2009b ) .
The people of ancient egypt develop rich colors of paint become more , they found a blue color
of paint , red , and black to take it from the root of certain plants .Then the egyptians found
perekatnya as casein .Over time , humans began to find oil and fossil resin of the plants to
replace the blood and milk as an adhesive paint .This time although adhesive and resin have been
found that gets better with the rise of chemical technology , natural resin-resin still widely used
until now
Paint is a general term used for the products used to protect and provide color on an object or a
surface by overlaying with the pigmented layer .Paint can be used in almost all kinds of object ,
among others to produce works of art by painters ( ) to make a painting , salutan ) ( industrial
coatings industry , the driver assistance ) ( traffic signs , or preservative ( to prevent corrosion or
damage by water )

II.

Examination Theory

2.1 The compiler of paint

2.1.1 Resinous or binder
Resinous or binders is the main component for paint.A functioning binds components
there and make all materials in the form of ( a movie ).Resin is essentially a polymer (
or room temperature at which temperatures applikasi the liquid ) are both sticky and
lumpy.There are many kinds of resin natural oil, like: alkyd, nitro cellulose, polyester,
melamine, acrylic, epoxy, polyurethane, silicone, a fluorocarbon, venyl, cellolosic,
etc.A divided based on mechanism dries or mengerasnya ( a movie ).
A resin having a lot of every type and turunanya, indeed, the combination of a resin and
resins that are also add to the storerooms of a new one.Durability; the power and the
polish the overall greatly influenced by a resin used.Election resin that is strongly
influenced by many considerations of them are as follows:

Discharging, if he should be used with a brush used a resin naturally and dry
dilute rather slow.Resin suitable is alkyd with levels of oil ( long enough alkyd
oil ).Resin by kekentalan high and quick-drying not very suitable for pemakain,
with a brush will cause an uneven surface after paint dry.So also a resin and
very dilute slow dry unsuitable for discharging with a spray to a surface vertical
synchronization.
The power , if paint with high endurance required to the sun , acrylic resin and
polyurethane or proper is , but if needed paint with the high powers against
chemical , friction , the collision , etc but to pemakian in , the epoxy resin is the
answer
And the other like cost / into account the price , a substrate ( a surface the
materials to be in the cat ) , environment ( watery , dry , corrosive , ) , and
others.

2.2.2 Pigment Dan Extender (Filler)

Pigment and dyestuff is part of colorant.A dyestuff is soluble in solvent, being pigment
no.Pigment is solids smooth ( powder ) that added to the paint.

Power, its durability and other properties desired of paint can be molded or created by
adding pigment proper and concentration accordingly.To choose pigment proper and
really need to be studied common properties of pigment itself.
The properties of pigment are:

basic color
Shape and size of particles
The specific gravity of, density or specific gravity
Oil absorption

Hiding power (refractive index)

The durability of heat and acids bases

PH

electric charge
Bleeding

2.2.3 Solvent
Solvent usually is chemical structure based on or characteristic of fisikanya.Based on
the structure of chemical classification solvent is as follows:
1.Hydrocarbon,
according to the name of the group of which it is composed of hydrogen solventsolvent ( h ) and ( c ) the carbon is essentially.The group is divided into three
categories, including the more aliphatis, namely: halogenated aromatis and
hydrocarbons.Were divided into 10 groups, aliphatis aliphatis and saturated ) saturated
( unsaturated lipid ( no ).Solvent-solvent hydrocarbon groups from distilasi almost all
of the oil that is a mixture of several of the class of compounds not pure sub-sub ) that
point in the range of boiling to a minimum, not only is the boiling point of.
1.Oksigenated
solvent oksigenated sovent or solvent with oxygen atoms are chemical structures
solvent-solvent which contains an atom of oxygen.Included in this category is
golongan esther ether; and ketone alcohol.An important factor in how to paint solvent
run fungsinga is its ability to dissolve resin then forming a solution stable and
homogeny.Some parameters in relation to dissolve power solvent is as follows:

The parameters of solvent; solvent solubility hydrocarbon have proportional

relationship with the price of the kauri butanol ( kb ) kb-nya; the greater the price of ,
the greater the solubility parameternya or in other words the bigger the solvent also
insoluble resources .Price range is between 20 -105 family planning .For some solvent
hidrokarbonn aliphatis range between 28 - 40 , was to hydrocarbon aromatis greater
than 70 .Another way to determine power soluble solvent-solvent hydrokarbon is to
determine the point of aniline ( the ta ); more low , the greater the solvent soluble
resources .
Hydrogen is bonding index is the size of the power of the bond between the atoms of
hydrogen ( relatively positive and negative atoms of oxygen in the solvent like , the
price ranged between minus 15 to 18 .Hydrocarbon solvent-solvent have low prices
and types of alcohol have high price , ranged in other was between two types of the
solvent .
A dipole moment is polarity solvent dielektriknya hanging with the constant value
.Generally the polar a material would need more polar also dissolved pelarutnya
material .
In connection with a nitro cellulose ( nc ) there are possibilities relating to be solvent
are active and solvent latent solvent and diluent.Active solvent is the solvent explicitly
dissolving, nc for example, almost everyone ketone ( mek ) esther ( ethyl acetate ) or
butyl ether ( aceton ).Latent solvent or also called co-solvent is that, if solvent alone
cannot dissolving, nc but used to improve the late active solventnya.The power to
dissolve active solvent can be seen from the decline in kekentalan solution that is big
enough and latent after solvent ( compared with the same active solvent or a solvent
other kind ) the latent solvent was alcohol.Diluent is being solvent that it uses for a
type of mixed dissolving both the solvent ( thinner ) so it should be more cheaply, than
if there are two kinds, the solvent ( susyanto 2009h )
2.2.4 Additive
The addition of additive which is in the paint is not necessarily just popped , is a long
process of some of the experiment or research in the paint .During the process of
making , storage and use of overall quality is assessed , weaknesses and problems that
arise later attempted to overcome by some additive measure and kind of variation , until

finally it emerged the name of the type of measure particular additive and fitting to mix
the paint .
Additive added to the paint solvent adapted to what is worn ( ) or water solvent base ,
what kind of their resin derivatives , how pemakaiannya pengeringannya mechanism
and how .Any supplier additive usually give clear information about what and how
additive should be used .

III.

3.1.

The Making of Paints

Prepare
On this phase begins to prepare materials formulas or recipes raw in accordance with
paint that is made.Material taken from the 2006, well-adapted no expiration and
neither defect or damage either physical or chemical change ( characterized by the
presence of smell, the color, shape, or visco in the ingredient ).
Measure a material that will be processed , can be done by means of the volume are
weighed or measured , depending on the base of what is used in the formula or the
recipe .Rigor and accuracy are important factors weighing against the results of the
end of making paints , especially on the weighing additive or pigment .
Materials was then taken to an area of production can be done by human force burbs,
forklif or through molten material pemipaan systems ( to ).

3.2.

Production
The production process paint divided by the type of paint that will be made:
Paint without pigment
Its only involve penuangan process, and mixing stiring it, materials are dumped in
order according to the type and manner of paint that is made into a tank to a
dovetail.And mixing ingredients with the mixer relatively slowly, to obtain an uneven
mix truly at all points.A mixer disesuikan stiring and speed and the number and
kekentalan mixture.
Treatment as is also applied to make a thinner, hardener, wood stain ( solvent +
dyestuff ) or mixture other material not containing pigment or extender original (
solids ).But if pigment or extender-nya is processed into a half-finished first, ( pasta )
and materials or processed settlement-mix thiscould as mentioned above
Paint with pigment and / or extender.
The process of making this kind of paint are also divided based on how smooth solids
( pigment or extender ) terdispersi in a mixture of .If desired solids terdispersi ( with
the fineness of between roughly 20 - 50 microns) , the process required is enough
with the process of the dispersion of course; but if desirable solids terdispersi subtly 5
- 20 micron the necessary process of milling solid particles in a steamroller .An
example of a kind of paint made enough with the process of the dispersion of course
is: putty or filler , of primary paint , undercoat , intermediate or the wall where is the
nature of particle fineness not to be accomplished .

3 3 the process of dispersion

Dispersion covering stage :

The process of wetting the surface pigment particles and extender by materials or liquid
millbase
A process of mechanically against kelompok-kolompok pigment particles and / extender
into groups smaller or particles primernya in accordance with derajad subtlety desired.
So that groups maintain smaller particles or particles of this primary remain separate one
another , not reunited .

The process of dispersion will get the optimum results if the principles of dispersinya
fulfilled .The principles of the dispersion of who should receive attention is that peripheral a
mixture of speed , the form of discs , the diameter of the discus on a tank , high discs from
the base of a tank , the diameter of a tank , high a tank and a comparison of the solids and
liquid mix ( levels as well as the addition of solids = pvc additive dispersingnya wetting and
accurately .
3.4 Milling
With only the dispersion , we have not received particle fineness lower than 20 microns ,
namely the average size of primary and pigment particles or extender .For that required
physical bond advanced a stage where pigment particles could be resolved patikel-partikel
further to smaller again .Mills called this stage .
To facilitate in making paints; usually pigment , extender , resins and some of the additive
ground first to be made of pasta a half so ) .This can be stored in a paste or directly processed
to be made of paint , that is only with the process of mixing usual , as described in the
process of making the pigment in paint without .
Instrument penggilingan variously, and principle among them are:
Miss millbase cylindrical fruit or more between two intersecting to each other , where the
distance between two cylindrical fruit derajad this can be arranged in accordance with the
fineness of desired .An example of this instrument is triple roll mill .

Miss in vertical synchronization or horizontal millbase into a steamroller consisting of glass

bead of agitator and many in it .Ground inside a cylinder , glass bead along with millbase to
be played by agitators in a particular speed , causing pigment-pigment mechanically will be
split by tertumbuk by glass bead is available continuously .Millbase through a sieve will
come out , while glass bead will remain suspended ground inside a cylinder .Though glass
bead made of material that loud and strong , in the end will also split , this will cause the
process of grinding would decrease performance-nya and glass bead should be replaced by
new . Speed turn of agitator , kekentalan , solids millbase levels and you have in the machine
is the factors that affect efektifitasnya the process of grinding .If one stage the process of
grinding has not yet reached a desired result , millbase usually returned back into the
machine , can berkali done
3.5 Finishing
As already explained in part over that process of making large paint divided into two parts ,
namely the process of involving the dispersion or grinding and mixing process that involves
the process of course .The final stage of both this process is also different , in the process of
involving the dispersion or grinding pigment , then measure the fineness of partikelpartikelnya derajad important is the stage to end the process .
Another is the process , which only involves mixing process , then to see how far is mixed
perfect and in accordance with a mixture of a composition is determined , or enough
kekentalan measuring viscosity of a mixture of the .But if they contain a mixture of several
kinds of pasta , the level of color ( ) a mixture of paint in colour deals need to be rough , not
too far to a mixture of different standardnya with color .
Second stage is usually called test the quality of introduction , namely the stage between
carefully tested before paint on the stage most the end of the process of making paints ,
namely the stage of testing the quality of paint ( susyanto , 2009e ) .
3.6.The process of making paints in general
The production process paint through several processes , namely pre-mixing , grinding , letdown , filtering , color matching event , and packaging .Mixing early where is the premixing the solid part of paint as a pigment and extender / filler dispersed to pelarutnya with
appropriate additive additional agent and dispersing as wetting agent .

Pigment particles in the process of grinding and avocado with a steamroller grinder to size
of particles become smaller and obtained subtlety and the desired color .Then next is the
process of finishing which includes the let-down , filtering , packaging deals until color
.Paint arranged kekentalannya in this process , added an additive substances , screened from
the dirt while stirring , adjusted and are distinguished its color , and eventually in canning (
anonymous , 2007a ) .