BASICS OF PERMUTATION

AND COMBINATION

by :
DR. T.K. JAIN
AFTERSCHO☺OL
centre for social entrepreneurship
sivakamu veterinary hospital road
bikaner 334001 rajasthan, india
www.afterschoool.tk
mobile : 91+9414430763

5 DECEMBER 09 www.afterschoool.tk 1
 What is factorial ?

5! = 5*4*3*2*1
thus factorial 5 means we will multiply 5 to all
the numbers lower to it.

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 What is permutation?

Permutation means number of arrangements

(keeping the order into mind).
Thus A,B,C can give you following
permutations :
ABC,ACB,BAC,BCA,BAC,CAB,CBA

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 What is combination?

In combination, the order it not considered,

thus A,B,C will have only one combination
ABC or BAC or BCA (whatever you call, it is
one combination)
combination means together, thus when some
digits are together, it is a combination, it is not
importnat who comes first or second or third.
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 How many numbers can you
make out of 4 different digits?

Answer : 4!
remember, we have to solve it as N!,
thus if we have four digits 1,2,3,4,
we can make 24 numbers out of it.
Verify it :
1234,1243,1324,1342,1423,1432,2134,2143, ...
so on
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 How many permutations are
possible from 4 digits taking 3 at a
time?

Total digits = N = 4
digits taken = r = 3
N! / (N-r)!
=4! / (4-3)!
= 24 answer

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You have beads of 5 colours, how
many necklace can you form?

For such questions, use formula of circular

permutation = ½ * (n-1)!
=1/2 * (5-1)!
=12 answer

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 How many combinations can be
formed from 5 digits taking 3 at a
time?
Formula of combination : n! / (r! (n-r)!)
n=5
r=2
5!/(2! *3!)
=120/12
=10 answer
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 How many words can you form
from C O L L E C T I O N

THERE ARE 10 DIGITS. Some are similar (L,

C, O, are coming twice). For such the formula
is : N! / (X!Y!Z!)
N = 10, X = 2, Y = 2, Z = 2 (X, Y and Z are for
number of repeatitions)
= 10!/ (2! * 2!* 2!)

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 How many combinations are
possible out of 6 boys, taking one
or all or some of them together?

Formula for taking one or all or some of them

is : 2^n – 1
here we can take 1, 2, 3, 4,5, or 6 boys at a
time. We cannot take 0 boys. So the formula is
2^n – 1
= 2^6 – 1 = 63 answer

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