What is robotics

The word robotics is used to collectivily define a field in engineering that covers the
mimicking of various human characteristics
Sound concepts in many engineering disciplines is needed for working in this field
It find its uses in all aspects of our life

What Robot can mean?

An automatic industrial machine replacing the human in hazardous work.

An automatic mobile sweeper machine at a modern home.
An automatic toy car for a child to play with.
A machine removing mines in a war field all by itself and many more

Robotics
It is a field of Engineering that covers the mimic
king of human behavior.
Robotics includes the knowledge of Mechanical, Electronics, Electrical & Computer Science
Engineering.

Laws of Robotics
Asimov's Laws of Robotics:

The term robotics was coined in the 1940s by science fiction writer Isaac Asimov.
A robot may not injure a human being, or, through inaction, allow a human being to
come to harm.
A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except where such order
would conflict with the First Law.
A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict
with the First or Second Law.

WHY ROBOTICS ?

Speed.
It can work hazardous/dangerous
environment.
To perform repetitive task.
Efficiency
Accuracy
Adaptability

Types of Robot

Wheeled
Legged
Climbing
Flying

Components of ROBOTS

Structure
Power source

Actuation
Sensing
Manipulation
Locomotion

Structure

The structure of a robot is usually mostly mechanical and can be called a kinematic
chain.
The chain is formed of links (its bones), actuators (its muscles), and joints which can
allow one or more degrees of freedom.

Power Supply

Suitable power supply is needed to run the motors and associated circuitry
Typical power requirement ranges from 3V to 24V DC
220V AC supply must be modified to suit the needs of our machine
Batteries can also be used to run robots

Robots are driven by different motors :

DC Motors
Stepper Motors
Servo Motors

DC Motors

As the name suggests, a motor which uses a DC (Direct Current) power

Can run in both directions
Speed Controllable

Stepper Motors

Used for measured rotation

Can be held at a particular position of the shaft
Ideal for many autonomous robots requiring higher precision

Servo Motors :

Used in closed loop control systems in which work is the control variable.
An integral feedback device (resolver) or devices (encoder and tachometer) are
either incorporated within the servo motor or are remotely mounted, often on the
load itself

ACTUATION

Actuators are the "muscles" of a robot, the parts which convert stored energy into
movement.
The most popular actuators are electric motors.

MANIPULATION

Robots which must work in the real world require some way to manipulate objects;
pick up, modify, destroy, or otherwise have an effect.
Thus the 'hands' of a robot are often referred to as end effectors, while the arm is
referred to as a manipulator.

Some manipulators are:

Mechanical Grippers
Vacuum Grippers
General purpose effectors

LOCOMOTION

It is concerned with the motion of the robot.

Robot contains different types of drives:-

Differential drive

Car type
Skid steer drive
Synchronous drive
Pivot drive
Articulated drive
DIFFERENTIAL DRIVE
ACKERMAN DRIVE
SKID STEER DRIVE
SYNCHRONOUS DRIVE
PIVOT DRIVE

ADVANTAGES

Revolution in Medical science and Health care systems.

New & wide scope in Education & Training.
A good help in Nuclear industry.
Used tremendously in Sports activities.
Play the role of an efficient assistance in Research and Development sciences.
Can very well handle household business.

FUTURE PROSPECTS

Scientists say that it is possible that a robot brain will exist by 2019 .
Vernor Vinge has suggested that a moment may come when computers and robots
are smarter than humans.
In 2009, some robots acquired various forms of semi-autonomy, including being able
to find power sources on their own.
The Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence has researched on this
problem.

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