Implementation of Waste-To-Fuel Technology in Korea and Bangladesh (2dec)

ADB-KSP Join Consulting
Implementation of Waste-to-Fuel Technology in Korea

and Bangladesh : Lessons & Issues
Dr. Jinyoung Park
Chief Research Director

Global Academy
Korea Transport Institute
CONTENTS
I. Introduction of KSP Joint Consulting
II. Fuel-to-Waste Technology
III.Implementation in Korea
IV.Implementation in Bangladesh (Dhaka BRT)
V. Lessons and Issues
Support for the establishment of waste-to-fuel technology in the Transport sector in Bangladesh
Introduction of
KSP Joint Consulting
1. Overview of KSP
KSP is a knowledgebased Development &

Economic Cooperation
Program to share Koreas
development experience
and knowledge with
partner countries
Policy
Consultation
(Bilateral KSP)
Joint
Consulting
(Multilateral KSP)
KDI
300 projects with 34
countries since 2004
Korea EXIMbank
36 Joint Consulting
projects since 2011
System
Consulting
Korea EXIMbank
11 projects since
2013
Modularization
KDI School
100 development
policy cases since 2010
2. Why Korea?
1. Koreas rapid and inclusive development offers invaluable insights,
lessons and knowledge that can be shared globally
2. High Applicability
: Colonial Rule, Civil War, Poverty
OECD
DAC
KOICA
EDCF
0.8bil
0.82bil
2008
2009
0.25% of
GNI
1995
1945
1987
1991
Received USD 12.6bil.(1945-95)

Graduated from the assistance
program in 1995
2010
2015
Became a member of OECD DAC

Donates about 0.1% of GNI
(13th among DAC members)
Heading to a goal of donating 0.25% of
GNI until 2015
3. Overview of Joint Consulting
Joint Consulting with IOs supports technical assistance

projects of IOs by providing KSP expertise through separate
activities jointly implemented by KSP consultants and IOs.
1.Partnership
with IOs
KSP and IOs jointly conduct technical assistance

program.
2. Synergy
Effect
Joint consulting maximizes the comparative

advantages of each to generate synergy.
3. Mutual
Learning
Three-way cooperation system among IOs, Korea,

and partner countries provides opportunities for
mutual and continued learning.
4. General Aspects of Project
Joint Consulting (Multilateral KSP)

Project Type
Budget
Project Period
Consultant Selection
Local Consultant
Technical Assistance or Knowledge Product

USD 200,000 400,000 for each project
1 year (annual budget)
Hired by the Korea EXIMbank
Possible
5. Program Partners
Major IOs for Joint Consulting

: WB, IDB, AfDB, EBRD, ADB and CAF
CAF
(2012.9)
6. KSP-ADB Joint Consulting Projects

2011
Comparative Infrastructure Development Assessment of the Kingdom of Thailand and

the Republic of Korea
Education and Skills for Inclusive Growth and Green Jobs (Phase1)
Intelligent Transportation System for Better Urban Transport (Phase1)
Education and Skills for Inclusive Growth and Green Jobs (Phase2)
2012
Intelligent Transportation System for Better Urban Transport (Phase2)

Policies to Meet Global Economic Challenges Asian Perspective
Supporting Public Management through e-Government Capacity Development
Knowledge Sharing on ICT for Development-Universal Broadband Access and Inclusive Growth
2013
Policies to Meet Global Economic Challenges-Asia's Perspective

Strengthening Support for the Asia-Pacific Economic cooperation Financial Regulators
Training Initiative (Phase1)
Bicycle Sharing Systems for the Asia and Pacific Region
Improving Public Administration and Services Delivery through E-Solutions
2014
Support for the establishment of waste-to-fuel technology in the transport sector in Bangladesh
Sri Lanka Support for the Establishment of ICT in Education Sector
Support for Improving Energy Efficiency for Low-Income Households in Tajikistan
Strengthening Support for the Asia-Pacific Economic cooperation Financial Regulators
Training Initiative (Phase2)
Enhancing Public Private Partnership in Punjab Province, Pakistan
7. Waste-to-Fuel Project Overview

Name
Implemented by
Features
Support for the establishment of waste-to-fuel technology

in the transport sector in Bangladesh
The government of Republic of Korea and The ExportImport Bank of

Korea
A joint consulting project with Asian Development Bank (ADB) as a
part of the Knowledge Sharing Program (KSP)
Estimated Project
US$ 250,000
Budget
10
8. Objective
11
Fuel-to-Waste
Technology
1. Organic Waste Treatment Technology

Waste Treatment Process
13
I.
1. Organic Waste Treatment Technology

Various ways of waste treatment
Making burnable
Material
14
2. Global Cases
Various ways of waste treatment

Commercialization of waste-to-fuel (including local and overseas cases)
Overseas anaerobic digestion process

- Mostly wet digestion or dry digestion technologies are used for processing organic wastes in
other countries.
Process title
Dranco Process
(Belgium OWS)
Valorga Process
(France Gaz de France)
Application site
Salzburg in Austria
Brecht in Belgium
Amiens in France
Tilburg in Netherlands
Methane generation
Remarks
140 /ton
Organic urban waste
60 /ton
Vegger Process
Vegger and Herning in Demark
80 /ton
60% Combined waste

+ 40% Organic waste
75% Human waste
+ 25% Industrial waste
Mobius System
(Finland)
Various sites including the demonst

ration facility in Minamiashigara
Various sites including organic wast
e treatment facility in Nigata Prefec
ture
The demonstration facility in Aichi
Prefecture
Rem System
(Austria)
Lietson System
(Germany)
100-120/ton
Food waste
115/ton
Food waste
100-120/ton
Food waste
15
2. Global Cases
Use of Various ways of waste treatment

Vehicle fuel
Sweden
50% of vehicles fueled by natural

gas
France
35% of the entire buses
Germany
8% of vehicles (estimation)
Provision via natural gas lines

Gothenborg region 1,500/hr
(after quality improvement)
Laholm region 500/hr
(after quality improvement)
Substitution rate of natural gas

will be 6% by 2020.
16
3. Waste-to-Fuel Process
17
4. Use of Generated Bio-gas in Korea
Source: 2011 Facilities using organic waste resources, The Ministry of Environment, 2012
Generated amount
(N/year)
Sales amount
(S/year)
Revenue
(\1,000/year)
Customer
6,003,913
131,169
96,580
Public buses and cleanin

g vehicles
Seoanam water recycling center

in Seoul
27,052,087
1,060,528
Biomethane Seoul Co.,

Ltd.
Nambu Sewage treatment center

in Busan
3,390,902
91,254
2,281
City Gas
Facility
Leachate treatment plant in the
metropolitan area
Food waste leachate anaerobic
digestion treatment facility
Byucksan E&C
Riverside water treatment center

in Busan
4,225,566
Nanji water recycling center

in Seoul
13,320,101
4,878,840
926,979
Ietech
Combined food waste and sewage

treatment facility in Ulsan
10,279,793
7,742,560
1,935,640
SK Chemicals
1,459,382
42,322
(Fuel cell generation)
18
Implementation in
Korea
1. Waste-to-fuel system in Korea

Mass bio-gas production facilities in Korea
Source: Eco Energy Holdings
20
2. The Waste-to-fuel system in Wonju and Its Implications

Overview
Source: Eco Energy Holdings
Organic waste-to-resource project in Wonju

Supervising office: Gangwon Provincial Office
Ordered by: Gangwondo Bioenergy
Constructed by: Ecoenergy Holdings and Halla Energy & Environment
Title: Organic waste-to-resource project in Wonju
Construction period: 24 months from the beginning of construction

(including 6 months of test operation)
Period: 20 years from the date of operation (Dec. 2012~Nov. 2032)
Equipment and capacity
Capacity: 600Nm3/hour
21
I.

Project Background
The ban on the ocean dumping of organic waste called for countermeasures
Introduce the technology to convert waste resources to energy through new and
renewable energy technology
Secure alternative energy resources following the high value of a gas digester used in the
existing sewage treatment center and high gas prices
Project Objective
To lead the governments policy by converting biomethane to automotive fuel
Develop and distribute new and renewable energy
Boost the local economy by attracting private investment
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the transport sector
22
I.

Facilities
23
I.

Benefits
24
I.

Benefits analysis
Benefits from the on-site use of biogas
25
I.

Benefits analysis
Benefits from the replacement of LNG with biomethane
26
Implementation in
Bangladesh (Dhaka BRT)
1. Public Transport System in Dhaka

The main public transport modes in Dhaka include (automatic / cycle) rickshaws, tempos(three-
wheelers), truck buses, trains and taxes. Dhaka Metropolitan Regional Transport Committee
(DMRTC) is responsible for the management of the public transport. The following table presents
the operating status and fares of public transport modes in Dhaka
Heavy Traffic congestion on the roads
Bus (Large, Mini and Micro)
Large Bus(Automatic) : 1.45Tk/

Large Bus (Manual) : 1.2Tk/
Mini Bus : 1.1Tk/
Auto-rickshaw
Cycle-rickshaw
Basic fare : 18Tk

14Tk for the initial 2km and 6Tk per Km 10Tk per km
1Tk per minute while waiting
Note : 1Tk = 13.11 KRW(As of June, 2014)
28
I.
1. Public Transport System in Dhaka
BRT construction plan

The government of Bangladesh is working on several projects including BRT, mass rapid
transit (MRT) and sky highway to resolve the public transport issues
Currently, the introduction of BRT, which was established by Asian Development Bank
(ADB) and World Bank (WB), is in progress in Dhaka.
This BRT project is closely related to this project. The starting point is to study the
possibility of using waste-to-fuel technology for new BRT vehicles
29
I. Introduction
1. Public transport system in Dhaka
BRT construction plan
Source: Preparing the Greater Dhaka Sustainable Urban Transport Corridor, 2011, ADB
30

BRT operation plan
BRT vehicle purchase plan by year and projected cost
- By 2043, 173 BRT bus will be in operation and the following table describes further details of the
BRT vehicle plan
31
I.

BRT vehicles fuel consumption estimation
Estimation of fuel consumption by year
- Fuel consumption estimation for 173 vehicles in 2043 showed that when each bus makes 3.1 trips
- Distance travelled would be 7.8 million km/yr and the fuel consumed would be 2.5 million /yr
32
2. Waste Management Status in Bangladesh
Dhaka Waste Collection and Disposal
33

Waste expected in Bangladesh(2015) : 5,000 ton/day
Waste output in Bangladesh(2004) : 3,400 ton/day
With 150 million population the lack of living space and quality of it are major concerns.
80 percent of the waste is organic food waste, such as vegetable and fruit peels, meat
scraps, and spoiled fish.
34

35

Overall conditions in expected waste-to-fuel system facility site
- monitoring in Amin Bazar that currently used as landfill site in Dhaka
- wastes are discharged from anywhere in unsanitary conditions
- no social responsibilities for discharging and collecting wastes
- difficulties in collection and transport of the wastes, due to no regulations for waste capacity limit
of collection and landfill
- current landfills are operating without any environmental pollution prevention facilities
- potential natural and artificial danger for accidents
- tamping and soil coverage are crucial to enable recycling in the existing landfill sites
- considering the economic feasibility, governmental support to waste collection and transportation
are expected to be essential
- total data analysis is required for detailed feasibility review
36
I.

Comparison of waste treatment for bio-gas production
37
I.

Comparison the waste amount between Dhaka and Gazipur city
38
I.

Potential gas production estimation
39
I.

Output and financial status
40
I.

Feasibility
Construction cost : 18 million USD (estimated)
Annual sales from bio-gas : 0.6 million USD / year
Annual operation cost : 1.0~1.6 million USD / year
41
Lessons and Issues
1. Project Issues
Waste collection system

>> How we create proper waste collection system in developing countries? (any
good cases?)
Financial feasibility of the project

- Cost for construction and operation
- Wonju project was conducted by PPP (20 years of operation by private partner),
because the project is feasible with waste treatment fee from government.
43
2. Technological issues
Quality of gas
Maintenance
Way to consider social impact of project (new jobs, environment,
health, etc)
Building consensus for waste management
Fuel security
Any global funding?
44
45

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ADB-KSP Join Consulting

Implementation of Waste-to-Fuel Technology in Korea

Dr. Jinyoung Park

Chief Research Director

KSP is a knowledgebased Development &

Received USD 12.6bil.(1945-95)

Became a member of OECD DAC

3. Overview of Joint Consulting

Joint Consulting with IOs supports technical assistance

KSP and IOs jointly conduct technical assistance

Joint consulting maximizes the comparative

Three-way cooperation system among IOs, Korea,

4. General Aspects of Project

Joint Consulting (Multilateral KSP)

Technical Assistance or Knowledge Product

Major IOs for Joint Consulting

6. KSP-ADB Joint Consulting Projects

Comparative Infrastructure Development Assessment of the Kingdom of Thailand and

Intelligent Transportation System for Better Urban Transport (Phase2)

Policies to Meet Global Economic Challenges-Asia's Perspective

7. Waste-to-Fuel Project Overview

Support for the establishment of waste-to-fuel technology

The government of Republic of Korea and The ExportImport Bank of

1. Organic Waste Treatment Technology

1. Organic Waste Treatment Technology

Various ways of waste treatment

Overseas anaerobic digestion process

Organic urban waste

Vegger and Herning in Demark

60% Combined waste

Various sites including the demonst

Use of Various ways of waste treatment

50% of vehicles fueled by natural

35% of the entire buses

Provision via natural gas lines

Substitution rate of natural gas

4. Use of Generated Bio-gas in Korea

Public buses and cleanin

Seoanam water recycling center

Biomethane Seoul Co.,

Nambu Sewage treatment center

Riverside water treatment center

Nanji water recycling center

Combined food waste and sewage

1. Waste-to-fuel system in Korea

2. The Waste-to-fuel system in Wonju and Its Implications

Organic waste-to-resource project in Wonju

Construction period: 24 months from the beginning of construction

2. The Waste-to-fuel system in Wonju and Its Implications

2. The Waste-to-fuel system in Wonju and Its Implications

2. The Waste-to-fuel system in Wonju and Its Implications

2. The Waste-to-fuel system in Wonju and Its Implications

Benefits from the on-site use of biogas

2. The Waste-to-fuel system in Wonju and Its Implications

1. Public Transport System in Dhaka

Large Bus(Automatic) : 1.45Tk/

Basic fare : 18Tk

1. Public Transport System in Dhaka

BRT construction plan

1. Public transport system in Dhaka

BRT construction plan

1. Public transport system in Dhaka

1. Public transport system in Dhaka