RATIONALE FOR COUNSELING SERVICES

It is useful to note that mental health problems in our society are not restricted to a single age
group. Children, adolescents, adults and the elderly all have problems that vary in type to a
considerable degree.
Children
The major problems confronting children in our society can be directly related to poverty and
instability in the family. Divorce also has a dramatic impact on children. Coupled with the
dispersion of the extended family, has caused social support networks for children to evaporate
in many instances.

Physical, sexual and psychological abuse of children has also recived

increasing attention with more than a million cases being reported each year.
Adolescents
The mental health needs of adolescents are among those often most studied. Substance abuse
along with medical and psychological illnesses, and family problems contribute to poor mental
health among adolescents. Teenage pregnancy is another problem. Although it is not a mental
health problem but adolescents require help to deal with their emotions.
Adults
Divorce is a major problem, along with alcohol and drug abuse result in mental health problems.

INDIVIDUAL COUNSELING
Characteristics of effective counselors

Effective therapists have an identity- they know who they are, what they are capable of

becoming, what they want out of life and what is essential.

Effective therapists are open to change- they exhibit willingness and courage to leave the

security of the known if they are not satisfied with the way they are. They make decisions about
how they would like to change and they work toward becoming the person they want to become.

Effective therapists respect and appreciate themselves- they can give and receive help and

love out of their own sense of self worth and strength. They feel adequate with others and allow
others to feel powerful with them.

Effective therapists make choices that are life oriented- they are committed to living life

fully rather than settling for mere existence.

Effective therapists are authentic, sincere and honest- they do not hide behind masks,

defense, sterile roles and facades.

Effective therapists have a sense of humor- they are able to put the events of life in

perspective. They have not forgotten how to laugh, especially at their own foibles and
contradictions.

Effective therapists make mistakes and are willing to admit them- they do not dismiss

their errors lightly yet they do not choose to dwell on misery.

Effective therapists appreciate the influence of culture- they are aware of the ways in

which their own culture affects them, and they respect the diversity of values espoused by other
cultures. They are also sensitive to the unique differences arising out of social class, race, sexual
orientation, and gender.

Effective therapists have a sincere interest in the welfare of others-this concern is based

on respect, care, trust and real valuing of others.

Effective therapists possess effective interpersonal skills-they are capable of entering the

world of others without getting lost in the world, and they strive to create collaborative
relationships with others.

Effective therapists are passionate- they have the courage to pursue their passions, and

they are passionate about life and their work.

Effective therapists are able to maintain healthy boundaries- although they strive to be

fully present for their clients, they dont carry the problems of their clients around with them
during leisure hours. They are able to maintain a balance in life.
The helping relationship
The helping relationship established between the counselor and the client is fundamental to the
therapeutic process of counseling. Rogers defines it as a relationship in which at least one of the
parties has the intent of promoting the growth, development, maturity, improved functioning, and
improved coping with the life of the other. Hence Counseling can be termed as a unique helping
relationship as one individual assists another to use his or her inner resources to grow in a
positive direction, actualizing the individuals potential for a meaningful life.
Through this relationship clients learn to examine their thoughts, feelings, attitudes, values and
behaviors, and as a result of this exploration they are able to grow and change. This exploration

process is made possible because of the therapeutic climate established at the outset of the
counseling experience.
This unique helping relationship has several characteristics---

Affectiveness-the relationship established between counselor and client is more affective

than cognitive. It involves the exploration of subjective feelings and perceptions. Because of the
highly personal content of the discussions, the relationship can be comforting and anxiety
producing, intense and humorous, frightening and exhilarating.

Intensity- Because it is based on open direct, and honest communication the relationship

can be very intense. Counselor & client are expected to share openly their perceptions and
reactions to each other and to the process. This can result in intense communication.

Growth & change- The relationship is dynamic; it is constantly changing as the counselor

and client interact. As the client grows & changes , so does the relationship.

Privacy- All client disclosures are confidential, and counselors are obligated not to share

what transpires in the interviews with others unless the client has given permission to do so. This
protective aspect of the relationship is unique and frequently encourages client self- disclosure.

Support- Counselors, through the relationship, offer clients a system of support that often

provides the necessary stability for taking risks and changing behavior.

Honesty- The helping relationship is based on honesty and open, direct communication

between counselor and client.