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[Revision] GS1 Economy: Urbanization, Globalization; Population,

Poverty, Development issues
Posted By Mrunal On 21/11/2014 @ 8:00 pm In Mains-2014 | 33 Comments

1. Prologue
2. [Block-1] Urbanization, Globalization
1. Urbanization problems and remedies
2. Globalization: impact on Indian Society
3. Culture-Lifestyle: Good
4. Culture-Lifestyle: Bad
5. Eco-Env: GOOD
6. Eco-Env: BAD
3. [Block-2] Population, Poverty, Development issues
1. Human Development report (UNDP)
2. Financial inclusion for poverty removal
3. Population policy 2000
4. Demographic dividend
5. National youth policy 2014 (NYP)
6. Rangarajan Poverty line
7. Census 2011: facts when everything else fails

Prologue

Ad by Movie Mode

H1,H2=heading, subheading. For more, read their detailed interviews at Mrunal.org/Toppers

For GS1 to GS3, the Maximum Aukaat of any topic is 200 words, and the
minimum time, I take to research and write any GS-article is 2 days.
So, if I were to run full length articles on Cyclone Hudhud, relevance of planning
commission, Make in India, Clean India, Ganga cleaning etc. then mains would
be over. (Less than 3 weeks left while Im typing this).
In GS1 to 3: youll have to face minimum 75 different topics. (10 marks each x
25 questions per paper x 3 papers)
4-5 key points x 30 words on each = 120-150 words easily.
Therefore, Im preparing a final round of [Revision] notes for selected-topics I
consider important/useful for Mains-2014 GS paper 1 to 3. (Selected topics only
because I cant build Taj-Mahal in 23 days).
There wont be prelim-cum-mains-cum-interview coverage in those notes.Just
street-smart 3-5-7 keypoints on selected topics so it can be revised quickly and
a jugaadu 100-200 words answer can be assembled in the exam hall.

Q. You used to upload those weekly topiclist and essay list. What happened to
that?
Ans. Ill continue doing that. But Hardly 23 days left before Mains-2014. So, priorities
shifted temporarily.
Q. If question paper is already set, then should I stop reading newspaper?
Ans. No, you must read newspaper every day. Lot of direct/indirect fodder keeps
coming. Itll help you a lot in Essay and GS.

[Block-1] Urbanization, Globalization

Official GS1- syllabus says:
1. Urbanization, problems and their remedies
2. Globalization and its impact on Indian society.
As such these are easy topics with truckload of points in Geography books and web
pages.
But if you take it casually -isme kya prepare karnaa=>you will waste lot of time
in recollecting and organizing points during exam. Then 5m and 10m questions
cant be finished in 4 minute & 7 minute timer respectively.
Therefore must memorize 4-5 points on every topic for Heropanti
JudaadpantiTM in GS

Urbanization problems and remedies

Bollywood already released sufficient Study-material for Urbanization problem topic

Factor

Economic problems and remedies

Consequence

remedies

Under-employment,
Informal employment,
exploitation

1.Migrant inflow

crime, drug abuse,

2.UnderEmployment alcoholism Desi liquor,
childlabour

Skill India, Din Dayal

Antyodaya (GS2*)
Women: Nirbhaya-CCTV,
self-defense, panic
buttons, toll free nos.
Organized crime: Policereforms

Black money, slums, illegal Tax-adm-reforms, BEPS, GAAR,

societies
PMLA (GS3*)

3.High land prices

4.Muni. Insufficient
funds due2 black
money

Factor

factory-labour reforms, RURBAN

mission (GS2*)

poor civic amnesties

Traffic
PPP, Smart cities, REITS, INVITs
congesion=>pollution (GS3*)
garbage-diseases

Urbanization: Environment problems and remedies

Consequence
remedies
Living peripheral area.
Travel for hours on selfvehicle
Pollution

Pub.transport: BRTS, Metro

rail, car-pooling
Awareness: A.Q.I., Bharat
Emission Norms (*GS3)
Smart cities, Intelli-traffic
Management (*GS3)

2.Electricity
crisis

diesel generator=pollution
Poors rely on firewood

net metering: put solarpanel

on roof-sell excess electricity
to company
More nuke plants if jholachhap
NGOs permit

3.Slums

Sewage=disease=>poverty.
Each disease poor family
Rs.6000. (time n wages
lost)

Clean India
Waste Management

1.High rent
& land
prices

4.Gardens
& buildings

Pesticides=no
insect=sparrow chics dead Eco friendly buildings & gardening
Glass building=birds crash,
no nest

(*) means more details about those remedies in upcoming revision notes on
environment and economy.

Globalization: impact on Indian Society

As such infinite topic. But few keypoints must be memorized to finish answers under
4/7 minutes timer.
Culture-religion-lifestyle angles: good and bad impact.
Economy and environment angles: good and bad impact.

Culture-Lifestyle: Good
English +IT + Internet=> youth from small town / villages=>social
empowerment.
Job, Prosperity, Free flow of Ideas => social taboos & caste structure less rigid.
e.g. Girl can cremate fathers body.
Social networking, media, candle marches =>Nirbhaya campaign, More voices
against domestic violence, crime against women.
Indian literature, music, movies got international recognition and vice versa.
Free flow of ideas and influence both ways.
Fusion in fashion, food, lifestyle.

Culture-Lifestyle: Bad
Religious conversations via lure of money, Missionary-Naxal-NE-secessionist
angles.
Middle-East Jihadi funding to Madressa.
Internet, Facebook, whatsapp: Brainwashed nsura youth to join ISIS; Riots in
UP, Delhi; piracy.
Decline of classical art, language, literature. (more money in English novel than
vernacular).
Valentines day, live-in relations, kiss-of-love, commodification of women,
Pornography, MMS-Voyeurism, vulgar reality shows, etc. angles
Divorce, Nuclear families, erosion of Alok Nath sanskaars in child upbringing
in the imported
Flaunting money in social gatherings (DJ, 50 types of soups)=> Materialized
society=>must get rich quickly, take bribes, exploitation, no empathy for poors,
elderly etc.
Fast-food, 247 social networking: obesity, lifestyle diseases; Bird-flu, HIV, Ebola

Eco-Env: GOOD
Trade liberalization employment.
Agrarian economy=>mfg | service economy=>better GDP and revenue
collection => more social services=malnutrition decline (said Global hunger
report)
MNC=cheaper and wide variety of goods=>power to customer.
FDI, FII, Crowdfunding= Indian startup companies.

Eco-Env: BAD
All points from urbanization table.
MNC Mining=> tribal land alienation, tribal culture society diminish
Resource exploitation Climate change=>flood nsuran, disasters=hurting Indians
living
MNC=> desi artisans, small MSME hurt. Jobless growth, income inequality
Income inequality=>crime, child labor, desi liquor, drug abuse, domestic
violence.

[Block-2] Population, Poverty, Development issues

GS1: Official syllabus says:
1. Population and associated issues.
2. Poverty and developmental issues.
Above subjects have many subtopics in theory and current. But Im focusing only on
a few topics that can be used in variety of scenarios-as last fallback line when you
cant think of anything and need 4-5 keypoints.

Human Development report (UNDP)

This report provides sufficient keypoints to assemble answers for many generic
questions about poverty and Development.

Poverty/Development: How to reduce vulnerability & build resilience?

Theme: reducing vulnerability and building resilience of human Development
India rank 135: lowest among BRICS except in Life expectancy.
4 culprits that increase vulnerability
1. Climate change (Food production down)
2. Conflict (ISIS, Syria, Pak-border shelling, Maoists, NE-secessionist raping and
murdering women in front of families)
3. Social unrest (Riots at UP,Delhi)
4. Economic crisis (inflation, unemployment: blue collar by policy paralysis and
whitecollar by subprime)
6 prescription to build resilience
1. Universal basic service: health (NHRM, NRUM, Health assurance), education
(SSA, MDM, RMSA), water supply, sanitation (Clean India) and public safety
(Nirbhaya Fund, policing).
2. Protect person @3 vulnerable stages of life:
a. First 1000 days after birth (vaccination programs, ICDS, newborn child
action plan)
b. When Entering workforce (skill India, din Dayal Antyodaya, Udaan, STAR,
NSDC)
c. When leaving workforce. (Jivan Praman certificate, NPS, Swavlamban, )

3. Social protection (80% of world lacks). Lack of social security = people sell their
assets, child labor.
4. Full employment (50% world informal jobs). Unemployment = crime, suicides;
child labour, malnutrition.
5. Include women, disabled and minorities in development.
6. Disaster preparedness. Else they worsen poverty, inequality, social unrest,
climate damage etc.
India specific prescription in HDI:
7. Spend 4% of GDP on social security including NREGA, universal primary health
coverage, old age and disabled pensions and child benefits
8. 1999 Odisha cyclone >10,000 dead but 2013 cyclone <50 dead. Political and
bureaucratic-will necessary.

Financial inclusion for poverty removal

Topic hot due to Jan Dhan and Nachiket.
Meaning: easy access to banking, loaning (credit), investment (beyond 4-9%
return in bank) and insurance (life and non-life)
Benefits: Savings turn to into investment. Loans to businessmen and
customers=>demand boost, GDP.
Investment and insurance =Protected against Unforseen circumstances.
Japan, S.Korea, USA all were @Indias current level but marched past in 60s
thanks to financial inclusion.
Lack of Fin.inclusion =>money lender, Ponzi scheme, MLM, Saradha Chit fund.
women Empowerment, Social harmony, less recruits for naxals
E-Payment: Cashless subsidies, payments, salaries= Governments Rs.1 lakh cr
can be saved (Mckinley study)

Population policy 2000

Control Population: get TFR: 2.1 (now 2.4) HOW?
Safe abortion, Sterilization
child, family planning. => ASHA and ASHOK workers.
Stable population @2045= stable growth rate, stable age composition
Get MMR: <100 / lakh birth (+nt 200 says UNDP). HOW?
Girl Marriage @20.
80% institutionalized deliveries=>Indira Matritva sahyog, mother child tracking,
RCH, Janani/Shishu suraksha, +need compulsory rural service for MBBS.
Compulsory registration of birth and death
HIV control, Universal immunization.=> National urban and rural health

mission. + upcoming national health assurance mission.

Demographic dividend
Majority of population in working age group
Age pyramid shows bulge in the working age-group
India: 65% below 35 age (says Modi.)
To reap dividend=> National Youth Policy, skill training necessary.

National youth policy 2014 (NYP)

Youth definition=15-29 years.
Ministry of Sports and Youth affairs to implement it
Will form a Youth Council to oversee implementation.
Policy to focus on 11 pillars. Ive consolidated those under five heads.
Education, employment, skill, entrepreneurship=> RMSA-RUSA, Sakshar Bharat,
Skill India program, Din Dayal Antyodaya, Apprentice bill, Venture fund for SC
etc.
Participation in politics and governance=> PMRDF fellowship making young
men nsura of DM in naxal areas.
Inclusion, Social justice=> Various schemes for skilling
SC/ST/Women/Minorities/J&K/NE
social values, Community engagement, youth engagement
Healthy lifestyle, Sports.

Rangarajan Poverty line

Earlier: Tendulkar per capita Expenditure method: ~22% junta / 27 crore junta.
Ranga family of 5 monthly Expenditure: 7035 (U); 4860 I. now 37 crore junta
poor.
Per person Per day Expenditure:47(U); Rs.32 I
Food Expenditure=Calorie +Protein + fat.
Includes food + nonfood items such as education, healthcare, clothing,
transport, rent.
Bottom 35% rural junta always be considered poor. Same way for 25% for
urban
Poverty ratios should be disengaged from entitlements under Government
schemes. NFSA (food security) act not on BPL-ness, but social-caste census etc.

Census 2011: facts when everything else fails

When everything else fails, one can always fall back to stupid statistics to create fish
market in GD and fillup 100-200 words in mains. Although its upto examiner to give
marks on that.

Urban junta
Rural junta
Villages, total
Minorities
Literacy %
TFR
Birth rate

Deaths

Sex ratio
Population
growth rate

30% (exact 31.15%)

70% (percentage) and 80 crore (numbers)
6 lakh villages. (NOFN etc talk about broadband for 2.5 lakh gram
panchayats.)
(1) Muslims > (2) Christians > (3) Sikhs > (4) Buddhists > (5) Jains > (6)
Parsi
Total 74, men 82, women 65
2.4. higher in rural than urban because they dont have TV said
Khursheed.
21/1000
Death rate 7/1000
IMR: 42/1000; MMR: 178/1lakh (but I would go with UNDP
number 200/1 lakh because its easy to remember)
Life expectancy: 66 years overall. Higher for women than men
because they consume less desi liquor.
943/1000 all age; 914/1000 for children
17.7%

Next [Revision]: GS2 Economy- Policies, schemes intervention for manufacturing

sector.

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