Hyd Ece 2 1 Maths III Set 3

Spectrum ALL-IN-ONE Journal for Engineering Students, 2012
S.24
Code No: A109210201/R09
II B.Tech I Semester Examinations
May/June - 2012
Set-3
Solutions
MATHEMATICS-III
( Common to ICE, E.COMP.E, ETM, EIE, ECE, EEE )
Time: 3 Hours
Max. Marks: 75
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
---
1.
(a)
(b)
Show that the function u = e2xy sin(x2 y2) is harmonic, find the conjugate function v and express u + iv as
an analytic function of z. (Unit-III, Topic No. 3.5)
i
If tanh x + = + i, then prove that 2 + 2 = 1. [15] (Unit-III, Topic No. 3.9)

4
2.
3.
4.
Expand
z(z 3 z + 2)
2
in the regions,
(a)
1 |z| 2
(b)
0 |z| 1
(c)
| z | 2. [15] (Unit-V, Topic No. 5.2)
(a)
Show that x3 =
(b)
Express f(x) = 2x + 10x3 in terms of Legendre polynomials. [15] (Unit-II, Topic No. 2.1)
(a)
Define the following,

(i)
3
2
P3 (x) + P1 (x) . (Unit-II, Topic No. 2.2)
5
5
A simple path from a vertex u to a vertex v
(ii) A circuit
(iii) Reachability of a vertex v from a vertex u
(iv) Connected graph
(v) Hamiltonian path. (Unit-VIII, Topic No. 8.1)
(b)
Give examples of the following,

(i)
A graph which has an Eulerian circuit and Hamiltonian circuit which are distinct.
(ii) A graph which has neither Eulerian circuit nor Hamiltonian circuit. [10+5] (Unit-VIII, Topic No. 8.5)
5.
iz + 2
transforms the real axis in the z-plane into a circle in the w-plane. Find
4 z+ i
the centre and radius of the circle. (Unit-VII, Topic No. 7.8)
(a)
Show that the transformation w =
(b)
Show that the transformation w(z + i)2 = 1 transforms the inside of the circle | z | = 1 on the exterior of the
parabola. [8+7] (Unit-VII, Topic No. 7.3)
WARNING : Xerox/Photocopying of this book is a CRIMINAL act. Anyone found guilty is LIABLE to face LEGAL proceedings.
S.25
Mathematics-III (May/June-2012, Set-3) JNTU-Hyderabad

6.
z3
. (Unit-VI, Topic No. 6.1)
(a)
Find the residues of f(z) =
(b)
Evaluate by the method of complex variable the integral
(z 1) 4 (z 2)(z 3)
7.
(a)
Find f(2) and f(3) where f(a) =
(b)
Evaluate
8.
x2
(1 + x 2 )3 dx . [8+7] (Unit-VI, Topic No. 6.3)
2 z 2 z 2
dz and C : | z | = 2.5 described in +ve sense. Unit-IV, Topic No. 4.2.1)
z a
ez
dz where C : | 4z | = 1 taken in anti-clockwise sense. [15] Unit-IV, Topic No. 4.2.1)
z(z+ 1)
(a)
24
48 8
Show that J4(x) = 3 J1(x) + 1 2 J0(x). Unit-I, Topic No. 1.5.1)
x
x
x
(b)
Show that
x2
5 2
[15] Unit-I, Topic No. 1.3)
dx =
4 3
+
(1
x
)
128
0
S.26
SOLUTIONS TO MAY/JUNE - 2012, SET-3, QP

Show that the function u = e2xy sin(x2 y2) is harmonic, find the conjugate function v and
express u + iv as an analytic function of z.
May/June-12, Set-3, Q1(a)
Answer :
Q1.
(a)
Given function is,

u = e2xy sin(x2 y2)
Differentiate equation (1), with respect to x
... (1)
u
= ux = e2xy.cos(x2 y2).2x + e2xy(2y)sin(x2 y2)
x
= 2xe2xycos(x2 y2) 2ye2xy sin(x2 y2)
d
Q (u.v ) = uv '+ u ' v
dx
Again differentiating with respect to x, we get,
2u
= uxx =
x 2
2 x (e 2 xy cos( x 2 y 2 ) + (1).e 2 xy cos( x 2 y 2 )

dx
2xy
2
2
2
2
2xy
2y[e cos(x y ).(2x) + sin(x y )e (2y)]
= 2{x.[e2xy(sin(x2 y2) 2x + cos(x2 y2)e2xy(2y)] + e2xy cos(x2 y2)} 4xye2xycos(x2 y2)
+ 4y2 e2xy sin(x2 y2)
= 2[2x2e2xysin(x2 y2) 2xye2xy cos(x2 y2) + e2xy cos(x2 y2)] 4xye2xycos(x2 y2) +
4y2e2xy sin(x2 y2)
= 4x2e2xysin(x2 y2) 4xye2xycos(x2 y2) + 2e2xycos(x2 y2) 4xye2xycos(x2 y2) +
4y2e2xysin(x2 y2)
uxx = 2e2xy[cos(x2 y2) + 2y2 sin(x2 y2) 2x2sin(x2 y2) 4xycos(x2 y2)]
... (2)
Similarly,
u
= uy = e2xycos(x2 y2).(2y) + sin(x2 y2).e2xy(2x)
y
= 2ye2xycos(x2 y2) 2xe2xysin(x2 y2)
2u
= uyy = 2 y. (e 2 xy cos( x 2 y 2 )) + (1).e 2 xy cos( x 2 y 2 )
2
y
y
2x[e2xycos(x2 y2)(2y) + sin(x2 y2)e2xy(2x)]

= 2{y.{e2xy(sin(x2 y2)(2y) + cos(x2 y2)e2xye(2x)] + e2xycos(x2 y2)}
2x[2ye2xycos(x2 y2) 2xe2xy sin(x2 y2)}
= 2[2y2e2xysin(x2 y2) 2xye2xy cos(x2 y2) + e2xycos(x2 y2)] + 4xye2xycos(x2 y2) +
4x2e2xy sin(x2 y2)]
= 4y2e2xysin(x2 y2) + 4xye2xycos(x2 y2) 2e2xycos(x2 y2) + 4xye2xy cos(x2 y2)
+ 4x2e2xysin(x2 y2)
uyy = 2e2xy[2y2sin(x2 y2) 4xycos(x2 y2) + cos(x2 y2) 2x2 sin(x2 y2)]
uyy = uxx
... (3)
S.27

From equation (2) and equation (3), we get,
uxx + uyy = 0
Hence u is Harmonic
Let, f (z) = u + iv
Here, u = e2xy sin(x2 y2)
By Milne-Thomson method, we have,
f '(z)=
u
u idv u
i
+
=
x
y
x dx
= 2xe2xycos(x2 y2) 2ye2xysin(x2 y2) i[2ye2xy cos(x2 y2) 2xe2xy sin(x2 y2)]
Put x = z and y = 0, we get,
f '(z) = 2ze2z(0) cos(z2 (0)2) 2(0)e2z(0) sin(z2 (0)2) i[2(0)e2z(0) cos(z2 (0)2) 2ze2z(0) sin(z2 (0)2)]
= 2ze0.cos(z2) 0 i[0 2ze0sin(z2)]
= 2z.cos(z2) + 2zisin(z2)
= 2z[cos(z2) + isin(z2)]
2
f '(z)= 2z.eiz
Integrating on both sides of equation (4), we get,
f ' ( z ) = 2ze
f(z) = 2ze
iz 2
dz + C
iz 2
dz + C
... (4)
Put, iz2 = t
2zidz = dt 2zdz =
f (z)=
dt
i
2ze dz
t
=1
1
i
et
.dt
i
t
= . e dt + C
1 t
e +C
i
= iet + C
2
iz
= ie + C
(Q t = iz2)
iz
f(z) = ie + C
(b)
, then prove that 2 + 2 = 1.

If tanh x + = + i
4
Answer :
May/June-12, Set-3, Q1(b)
For answer refer Unit-III, Q63.

S.28
tanhz= tanh(x + iy)
=
sinh 2 x
sin 2 y
+i
cosh 2 x + cos 2 y
cosh 2 x + cos 2 y
... (1)
Given that,
tanh x + i = + i
4
... (2)
On comparing equations (1) and (2), we get,

y=
sin 2 y
sinh 2 x
,=
and =
cosh
2 x + cos 2 y
4
cosh 2 x + cos 2 y
Substituting, y =
=
in , we get,
4
sinh 2 x
cosh 2 x + cos 2
4
sinh 2 x
cosh 2 x + cos
sinh 2 x
cosh 2 x + 0
sinh 2 x
cosh 2 x
= tanh 2x
= tanh 2x
sin 2
4
cosh 2 x + cos 2
4
sin
cosh 2 x + cos
1
cosh 2 x + 0
1
cosh 2 x
= sech 2x
= sech 2x
S.29
Given,
2 + 2
= (tanh 2x)2 + (sech 2x)2

= tanh2 2x + sech2 2x
[ tanh2 x + sech2 x = 1]
=1
2 +
2 = 1
Hence proved.
Q2.
Expand
1
z(z 3z + 2)
2
(a)
1 | z | 2
(b)
0 | z | 1
(c)
|z| 2
in the regions.
May/June-12, Set-3, Q2
Answer :
Given that,
f(z) =
1
z ( z 3 z + 2)
2
Now,
z2 3z + 2 = z2 2z z + 2
= z(z 2) 1(z 2)
= (z 1)(z 2)
f(z) =
1
z ( z 1)( z 2)
Applying partial fractions for f(z), we have,
1
A
B
C
+
= +
z ( z 1)( z 2) z z 1 z 2
1
A( z 1)( z 2) + Bz ( z 2) + Cz ( z 1)
=
z ( z 1)( z 2)
z ( z 1)( z 2)
... (1)
Taking L.C.M on R.H.S and equating the numerators on both sides, we get,
1 = A(z 1)(z 2) + Bz(z 2) + Cz(z 1)
... (2)
Put, z = 0 in equation (2), we get,

1 = A(0 1)(0 2) + 0 + 0
1 = A(1)(2)
1 = 2A
A=
1
2
S.30
1 = 0 + B(1)(1 2) + 0
1 = B(1) B = 1
1 = 0 + 0 + C(2)(2 1)
1 = 2C C =
1
2
Substituting A, B, C values in equation (1), we get,
1
1
1
1
+
=
2 z z 1 2( z 2)
z ( z 1)( z 2)
(a)
... (3)
1| z | 2
|z|
1
<1
< 1 and
2
|z|
So, f(z) =
1
can be expressed as,
z ( z 1)( z 2)
f(z)=
1
1
1
+
1
2z
z
z 1 2 2 1
z
2
1 1 1
1
=
2z z z
1z
+ 1
42
1 1 1
1
2z z z
1 z
1
4 2
2
3
1 z z 2 z 3
1 1 1 1 1
1 + + + + ..... 1 + + + + .....
2z z z z z
4 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
1
1
z3
1 z z
+
+
+
.....
+
+
+ .....
=
2
3
4
2z z 4 z
8
z
z
42 4
z 2z
2z
1 1
1
1
z3
1z z
2 + 3 + 4 + ..... +
+ + .....
4 z
8
z
z
4 2 4
1 1 1
1
1
z3
1z z
2 + 3 + 4 + ..... +
+
+ .....
2z 4 z
8
z
z
4 2 4
1 1
1 1

2 z 4 n =1 z n +1 4
z

2
n =1

(b)
S.31
0| z |1
|z|<1
|z|
<1
2
f (z) can be expressed as,

f (z) =
1
1
+
2 z (1 z )
1
z
2 21
2
1
z
+ (1 z ) 1 41
2z
2
2
3
1
z z z
+ (1 + z + z2 + z3 +.....) 4 1 + + + + .....
2 2 2
2z
zn
1
(zn ) 4
+
n
2 z n =0
n =0 2
1
z
+
(z n ) 4
=
2 z n =0
2
n =0
(c)
z2
z
2
>1
2
<1
z
So, f (z) =
1
1
+
2z
1(1 z )
1
2
2 z 1
z
1
1 2
+ (1 z ) 1 + 1
2z
2z z
2
3
1
1 2 2 2
2
3
+
(
1
+
+
+
+
.....)
+
1
+
+
z
z
z
+
+ .....
=
2z
2z
z z z
1
1 1 2 22 23
+ (1 + z + z 2 + z 3 + .....) + + 2 + 3 + 4 + .....
2z
2 z z
z
z
2n
1
1
+
(z n ) +
2 z n =0
2 n =0 z n +1
S.32
Q3.
(a)
Show that x3 =
2
3
P3 (x) + P1 (x) .
5
5
Answer :
For answer refer Unit-II, Q5.
(b)
Express f(x) = 2x + 10x3 in terms of Legendre polynomials.

Answer :
For answer refer Dec.-11, Set-2, Q1(b).
Q4.
(a)
Define the following,

(i) A simple path from a vertex u to a vertex v
(ii) A circuit
(iii) Reachability of a vertex v from a vertex u
(iv) Connected graph
(v) Hamiltonian path.
May/June-12, Set-3, Q4(a) M[10]

Answer :
(i)
Simple Path from a Vertex u to a Vertex v
If a path from vertex u to a vertex v does not contain multiple paths or loops then such a path is referred to simple
path.
Example
Figure (1)
The path from a-b is not a simple path since it consists of multiple path. On the otherhand, the path b-d is a simple
path.
(ii)
Circuit
A circuit refers to a closed walk in which no edge appears more than once.
e
f
b
g
c
d
Figure (2)
Example
The walk b-b in figure (2) with the edge {b, d} {d, c} {c, a} and {a, b} is called a b-b circuit because none of the edges
are repeated.
S.33

(iii)
Reachability of a vertex v from a vertex u

If there exist an edge originally from vertex u to vertex v, then it can be said that vertex v is reachable from vertex
u.
Example
d
Figure (3)
Since there exist an edge from a b, it can be said that vertex b is reachable from vertex a.
(iv)
Connected Graph
For answer refer Unit-VIII, Q5(iii) and Figure 2(i).
(v)
Hamiltonian Path
Hamiltonian path is a path in a connected graph, which traverses every vertex of the graph. In Hamiltonian path,
starting and ending vertices are distinct.
Example
C
Figure (4)
In the figure (4), Hamiltonian path is shown in thick lines.

(b)
Give examples of the following,

(i)
(ii) A graph which has neither Eulerian circuit nor Hamiltonian circuit.
Answer :
May/June-12, Set-3, Q4(b) M[5]
Eulerian Circuit
In a connected graph G, if there is a circuit which contains all edges of G, then that circuit is called Euler circuit. A
Euler circuit is obtained only when the outer degree of the graph is equal to the in-degree of the graph.
Hamiltonian Circuit
Hamiltonian circuit is a cycle that contains each and every vertex of the given graph.
A Euler circuit is the one which traverses each exactly once and thus traverses each vertex at least once, on the
otherhand a hamiltonian cycle traverses each vertex exactly once.
S.34
(i)
v2
e1
v1
e2
e3
v3
Figure (1)
In this graph, there is a circuit which satisfies the property of Eulerian circuit. In this graph, the closed walk, v1 e1,
v2 e2, v3 e3, v1 is a Euler circuit.
The graph has hamiltonian cycle. The cycle includes edges {(v1, v2), (v2, v3) (v3, v1)}.
(ii)
A graph which has neither Eulerian circuit nor Hamiltonian circuit.
v1
e1
v2
e3
e2
v4
v3
Figure (2)
The graph does not satisfy with the Eulerian circuit property. The closed walk cannot be achieved. Thus, the graph
has no Eulerian circuit.
The graph has no Hamiltonian cycle because the vertex, v2 is traversing twice.
Q5.
(a)
iz + 2
transforms the real axis in the z-plane into a circle
4z + i
in the w-plane. Find the centre and radius of the circle.
Show that the transformation w =
Answer :
Given that,
w=
iz + 2
4z + i
... (1)
4wz + wi = iz + 2
4wz iz = wi + 2
z(4w i) = wi + 2
z=
2 + wi
2 wi
and z =
4w + i
4w i
... (2)
S.35

The equation of the real axis in the z-plane is z z = 0
The transformed equation is,
2 + wi
2 wi
=0
4w + i
4w i
(2 wi )(4w + i ) (2 + wi )(4 w i )
=0
(4w i )(4w + i )
( 2 wi )(4 w + i ) ( 2 + w i )( 4 w i ) = 0
8w + 2i 4i ww wi 2 (8w 2i + 4iww w i 2 ) = 0
8w + 2i 4i ww + w 8w + 2i 4iw w w = 0
8i w w + 7 w 7w + 4i = 0
8i w w 7 w + 7w 4i = 0
8i w w + 7(w w ) 4i = 0
8i (u + iv) (u iv) + 7(u + iv (u iv)) 4i = 0
8i (u2
8i (u2 + v2) + 7 (2iv) 4i = 0
8i (u2 + v2) + 14 iv 4i = 0
i2 v2)
... (3)
[Q w = u + iv, w = u iv]
+ 7 (u + iv u + iv) 4i = 0
... (4)
Dividing equation (4) by 8i, we get,
8i (u 2 + v 2 ) 14iv 4i
+
=0
8i
8i
8i
(u2 + v2) +
u2 + v 2 +
7
1
v
=0
4
2
7
1
v=
4
2
7
Adding on both sides, we get,
8
u2 + v2
7
+
v+
4
1 7
7
= +
2 8
8

u2 + (v)2 + 2v
1 49
7 7
+ = +
2 64
8 8
162
7
u2 + v + =
128
8
u2 +
7
v 8
81
64
S.36
The required equation of a circle in the w-plane is,
2
9
7
u2 + v + =
8
8
9
7
From the above equation, the centre of the circle is 0,
and radius is
8
8
(b)
Show that the transformation w(z + i)2 = 1 transforms the inside of the circle | z | = 1 on the
exterior of the parabola.
Answer :
Unsolved.
Q6.
(a)
Find the residues of f(z) =
z3
(z 1) 4 (z 2)(z 3)
.
Answer :
For answer refer Unit-VI, Q1.
(b)
Evaluate by the method of complex variable the integral
x2
(1 + x
2 3
dx .
Answer :
Consider the contour integral,
I=
f ( z)dz
x2
(1 + x 2 )3 dx =
f (z )dz
c
Where,
f (z) =
z2
(1 + z 2 )3
z2
( z i ) ( z + i )3
3
Poles of f (z) are given by (1 + z2)3 = 0
z = i i.e., a = i
The integral f (z) is analytic and the pole which lies inside the contour, c is z = i
Res f (z) =
z= a
1
d n 1
( z a) n f ( z )
Lt
(n 1)! z a dz n1
S.37
Here, n = 3
Res f (z) =
z =i
d 31
1
Lt
( z i )3 f ( z )
(3 1)! z i dz 31
1
d2
z2
3
Lt
z
i
(
)
=
2! z i dz 2
( z i) 3 ( z + i) 3
d2
z2
1
Lt
2 z i dz 2 ( z + i )3
1
d ( z + i ) 3 2 z z 2 3( z + i ) 2 1
Lt
2 z i dz
( z + i) 6
1
d 2 z ( z + i ) 3 3z 2 ( z + i ) 2
Lt
=
2 z i dz
( z + i) 6
2
d
1
2 (2 z ( z + i ) 3 z )
Lt
z
i
+
(
)
=
2 z i dz
( z + i) 6
d 2 z ( z + i) 3 z 2
1
Lt
=
2 z i dz
( z + i )4
( z + i )4 {2[ z(1) + ( z + i)1] 6 z} (2 z ( z + i ) 3 z 2 )4( z + i)3

1
Lt
=
2 z i
( z + i )8
( z + i )4 (2 z + 2 z + 2i 6 z) (2 z( z + i) 3 z 2 )4( z + i)3
1
Lt
=
2 z i
( z + i )8
( z + i )( 2 z + 2i ) 4(2 z 2 + 2 zi 3 z 2 )
1
Lt ( z + i) 3
2 z i
( z + i )8
( z + i )(2 z + 2i ) 4(2 z 2 + 2 zi 3z 2 )
1
Lt
2 z i
( z + i) 5
2 z 2 + 2 zi 2 zi + 2i 2 8 z 2 8 zi + 12 z 2 )
1
Lt
2 z i
( z + i )5
2 z 2 8zi 2
1
Lt
2 z i ( z + i )5
S.38
=
1 2i 2 8i 2 2
2 (i + i )5
1 2+8 2
2 (2i ) 5
1 4
2 32i
1
16i
[Q i5 = i]
Hence by Cauchys residue theorem,
1
x2
dx = 2i
2 3
16i
(1 + x )
x2
(1 + x
Q7.
(a)
2 3
dx =
Find f(2) and f(3) where f(a) =
2z 2 z 2
dz and C : | z | = 2.5 described in +ve sense.
z a
Answer :
Given function,
f (a) =
(i)
2z 2 z 2
dz
za
Given circle, c: | z | = 2.5

Let, f (z) = 2z2 z 2
f(2)
The point z = a = 2 lies inside the given circle c : | z | = 2.5 and the function
2z 2 z 2
is analytic inside c.
za
So, by Cauchys integral formula, we have,

f(a) =
1
2i
z a dz
f ( z)
z a dz = 2i f(a)
f ( z)
2z 2 z 2
dz = 2i f(z)
za
S.39

f(z) = 2z2 z 2
f(a) = 2a2 a 2
f(2) = 2(z)2 2 2 = 4
2z 2 z 2
dz = 2i(4) = 8i
za
f(2) = 8i
(ii)
f(3)
The point z = a = 3 lies outside the given circle C : | z | = 2.5
So, by Cauchys theorem,
f(3) =
(b)
2z 2 z 2
dz = 0
za
Evaluate
ez
dz where C : | 4z | = 1 taken in anti-clockwise sense.
z(z + 1)
Answer :
Given circle C: | 4z | = 1
|z|=
1
4
Given function f (z) = ez
ez
dz =
z ( z + 1)
ez
dz
c z
ez
dz
c z +1
The point a = 0, lies inside a circle |z| =
[By partial fraction]
1
and a = 1 lies outside of C
4
By Cauchys integral formula, we have
ez
dz = 2if(0)
c z
Q f ( z ) = e z
0
f (0) = e = 1
= 2i.1
= 2i
ez
dz = 0
c z +1
and
Integral becomes,
ez
dz = 2i 0
c z ( z +1 )
= 2i
S.40
Q8.
48 8
24
Show that J4(x) = 3 J1(x) + 1 2 J0(x).
x
x
x
(a)
Answer :
For answer refer Unit-I, Q81.
2
(b)
Show that
x2
5 2
dx =
4 3
128
(1 + x )
0
Answer :
Given that,
x2
(1 + x
4 3
dx
Let,
x = tan = tan1/2
x =0
=0
x =
=
1
1
1
dx
tan 2 sec2
=
d
2
1
dx =
dx =
1
tan 2 sec2 d
2
1
2
1
tan
x2
dx =
(1 + x 4 ) 3
sec2 d
(1 + (
tan
tan
))
4 3
1
1

sec2 d
2 tan
1 / 2
tan
tan 1/ 2 sec 2 d
=
2 0 (1 + tan 2 ) 3
1
=
2
1
=
2
1
=
2
1
=
2
/2
/2
/2
tan 2 sec 2
d
(sec 2 ) 3
Q sec2 tan 2 = 1
2
2
sec = 1 + tan
tan 2 sec 2
sec 6
tan 2 sec 2 6 d
/ 2
tan 2 sec 4 d
S.41

=
/2
1
2
1
2
1
2
sin
cos 4 d
cos
/2
1
2
1
2
sin
1
2
cos
1
2
/ 2
sin 2 cos 2 d
... (1)
We know that,
/ 2
sin
2 m 1
x cos 2n1 x dx =
1
(m, n)
2
... (2)
Comparing equations (1) and (2), we have,

2m 1 =
1
2
2n 1 =
7
2
2m =
1
+1
2
2n =
7
+1
2
2m =
3
2
2n =
9
2
n=
9
4
m=
1
So,
2
/ 2
3
4
1
sin 2 cos 2 d =
1 1 3 9
,
2 2 4 4
1 3 9
,
4 4 4
3 9

1 4 4
=
4 3 9
4 + 4

m n
Q (m, n) =
(m + n)
3 9

1 4 4
=
4
12
4

3 9

1 4 4
=
4
(3)
... (3)
S.42
We have,
(n + 1) = n(n)
9
5 5 5
So, = + 1 =
4

4 4 4
... (4)
1 1
5
1
= + 1 =
4
4 4 4
... (5)
Substituting equations (4) and (5) in equation (3), we get,
3 5 1 1

1 4 4 4 4
=
4
(3)
5 1 3

1 16 4 4
=
4
(3 1)!
[Q n = (n 1) !]
1 3

1 5 4 4
=
4 16
2!
x2
(1 + x
0
4 3
1 5 2

4 16 2.1
5 2
128
dx =
5 2
128
1 3
Q 4 4 = 2


Hyd Ece 2 1 Maths III Set 3

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