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Description
2.1 Species
This is a list of sparrow species:[4][5][10]
Hypocryptadius
Cinnamon ibon
Passer, the true sparrows
Painting of black-winged snownches
are similar to each other, and are each fairly homogeneous, especially Passer.[4] Some classications also
include the sparrow-weavers (Plocepasser) and several
other African genera (otherwise classied among the
weavers, Ploceidae)[4] which are morphologically similar
to Passer.[5] According to a study of molecular and skeletal evidence by Jon Fjelds and colleagues, the cinnamon
ibon of the Philippines, previously considered to be a
white-eye, is a sister taxon to the sparrows as dened by
the HBW. They therefore classify it as its own subfamily
within Passeridae.[5]
Many early classications of the sparrows placed them
as close relatives of the weavers among the various families of small seed-eating birds, based on the similarity
of their breeding behaviour, bill structure, and moult,
among other characters. Some, starting with P. P. Suskin
in the 1920s, placed the sparrows in the weaver family as the subfamily Passerinae, and tied them to Plocepasser. Another family sparrows were classed with was
the nches (Fringillidae).[4]
Some authorities previously classied the related estrildid
nches of the Old World tropics and Australasia as members of the Passeridae. Like sparrows, the estrildid
nches are small, gregarious and often colonial seedeaters with short, thick, but pointed bills. They are
broadly similar in structure and habits, but tend to be very
colourful and vary greatly in their plumage. The 2008
Christidis and Boles taxonomic scheme lists the estrildid
nches as the separate family Estrildidae, leaving just the
true sparrows in Passeridae.[6]
Despite some resemblance such as the seed-eaters bill
3
Petronia, the petronias or rock sparrows
The sparrows are generally birds of open habitats, including grasslands, deserts, and scrubland. The snownches
Yellow-spotted petronia, Petronia pyrgita
and ground-sparrows are all species of high latitudes. A
Yellow-throated sparrow, Petronia xanthocol- few species, like the Eurasian tree sparrow, inhabit open
woodland.[4] The aberrant cinnamon ibon has the most
lis
unusual habitat of the family, inhabiting the canopy of
Yellow-throated petronia, Petronia supercilcloud forest in the Philippines.[5]
iaris
Bush petronia, Petronia dentata
Rock sparrow, Petronia petronia
Carpospiza
Pale rocknch, Carpospiza brachydactyla
Montifringilla, the snownches
White-winged snownch, Montifringilla nivalis
Black-winged
adamsi
snownch,
Montifringilla
White-rumped
taczanowskii
snownch,
Montifringilla
REFERENCES
tivities are social, with up to a hundred birds participating The pet passer of Lesbia in Catullus's poems may not have
at once, and is followed by preening and sometimes group been a sparrow, but a thrush or European goldnch. John
singing.[4]
Skelton's The Boke of Phyllyp Sparowe is a lament for a
pet house sparrow belonging to a Jane Scrope, narrated
by Scrope.[4][12][17][18]
6 References
[1] Summers-Smith 2005, p. 17
[2] Bledsoe, A. H.; Payne, R. B. (1991). Forshaw, Joseph,
ed. Encyclopaedia of Animals: Birds. London: Merehurst
Press. p. 222. ISBN 1-85391-186-0.
[3] Clement, Peter; Harris, Alan; Davis, John (1993). Finches
and Sparrows: an Identication Guide. Princeton, New
Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-034249.
[4] Summers-Smith, J. Denis (2009). Family Passeridae
(Old World Sparrows)". In del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew; Christie, David. Handbook of the Birds of the
World. Volume 14: Bush-shrikes to Old World Sparrows.
Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. ISBN 978-84-96553-50-7.
[5] Fjelds, J.; Irestedt, M.; Ericson, P. G. P.; Zuccon, D.
(2010). The Cinnamon Ibon Hypocryptadius cinnamomeus is a forest canopy sparrow. Ibis 152 (4): 747760.
doi:10.1111/j.1474-919X.2010.01053.x.
[6] Christidis & Boles 2008, p. 177
[7] Summers-Smith 1988, p. 13
[8] Allende, Luis M. et al. (2001). The Old World sparrows
(genus Passer) phylogeography and their relative abundance of nuclear mtDNA pseudogenes (PDF). Journal of
Molecular Evolution 53 (2): 144154. PMID 11479685.
Archived from the original on 21 July 2011.
[9] Arnaiz-Villena, Antonio; Gmez-Prieto, Pablo; Ruiz-deValle, Valentin (2009). Phylogeography of nches and
sparrows. Nova Science Publishers.
Jesuss use of sparrows as an example of divine providence in the Gospel of Matthew[14] also inspired later [10] BirdLife International (2010). Species factsheet: Passer
references, such as that in Shakespeares Hamlet[12] and
hemileucus". Archived from the original on 21 September
the Gospel hymn His Eye Is on the Sparrow.[15]
2011. Retrieved 24 June 2010.
Sparrows are represented in ancient Egyptian art very [11] Clement, Peter; Colston, P. R. (2003). Sparrows and
rarely, but an Egyptian hieroglyph is based on the house
Snownches. In Perrins, Christopher. The Firey Ensparrow, the sparrow hieroglyph: The symbol had no
cyclopedia of Birds. Firey Books. pp. 590591. ISBN
phonetic value and was used as a determinative in words
1-55297-777-3.
to indicate small, narrow, or bad.[16]
[12] Summers-Smith 1963, pp. 49, 215
[18] Ferber, Michael (2007). Sparrow. A Dictionary of Literary Symbols. Cambridge University Press.
Works cited
Christidis, L.; Boles, W. E. (2008). Systematics and
Taxonomy of Australian Birds. Canberra: CSIRO
Publishing. ISBN 978-0-643-06511-6.
Houlihan, Patrick E.; Goodman, Steven M. (1986).
The Natural History of Egypt, Volume I: The Birds of
Ancient Egypt. Warminster: Aris & Philips. ISBN
0-85668-283-7.
Summers-Smith, J. Denis (1963). The House Sparrow. New Naturalist (1st. ed.). London: Collins.
Summers-Smith, J. Denis (1988). The Sparrows. illustrated by Robert Gillmor. Calton, Stas, England: T. & A. D. Poyser. ISBN 0-85661-048-8.
Summers-Smith, J. Denis (2005). On Sparrows
and Man: A Love-Hate Relationship. Guisborough.
ISBN 0-9525383-2-6.
Todd, Kim (2012). Sparrow. Animal. Reaktion
Books. ISBN 978-1-86189-875-3.
External links
Passeridae at the Internet Bird Collection
8.1
Text
Sparrow Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparrow?oldid=635590277 Contributors: Lee Daniel Crocker, Bryan Derksen, Tarquin,
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8.2
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8.3
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