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ML : SANDY SILT
MH : SILT
GP : GRAVELLY SAND
SW : SAND
Hard
OCR
Very stiff
increasing
Medium
Stiff
Young
clay
Soft
Aged/
cemented
NC
Very soft
N70
Remarks
0-2
3-5
6-9
10-16
17-30
> 30
Very Loose
0
Loose
0.15
Medium
0.35
Dense
0.65
Very dense
0.85
1-2
2-3
3-6
3-6
4-7
5-9
7-15
8-20
10-25
16-30
21-40
26-45
?
> 40
> 45
Fine
Medium
Coarse
26-28
27-28
28-30
28-30
30-32
30-34
30-34
32-36
33-40
33-38
36-42
40-50
< 50
wet (kN/m3)
11-16
14-18
17-20
17-22
20-23
2/3 N
Countr
Estimated Rod
Energy (%)
Correction Factor fo r
60% Rod Energy
Free Fall
Rope an Pulley with
special throw release
78
67
78/60 = 1.30
67/60 = 1.12
Safety
Donut
60
45
60/60 = 1.00
45/60 = 0.75
Donut
Donut
45
60
45/60 = 0.75
60/60 = 1.00
Donut
50
50/60 = 0.83
Hammer
Type
Hammer Release
Japan
Donut
Donut
US
Argentina
China
qc
qc
cu =
s/d
15
20
Sand
VERTICAL EFFECTIVE STRESS, vo
' , bars
Clay
1600
1400
Eu = 200 cu
1200
Ed = 0.667 Eu
1000
PI<30
Eu/Cu 800
600
30<PI<50
400
PI>50
200
0
1
Overconsolidation Ratio
(after Jamiolkowski et al)
8 9 10
Cc vs qc
CC
6
5
4
3
2
1
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
0
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Cv vs LL
1000
800
600
400
200
and
100
80
60
40
20
10
8
6
4
2
1
10
20
30
40
45
RATIO, qc /N
Eu
cu
.20
2. Boston CL Clay
LL = 41 PI = 22
.20
3. Bangkok CH
Clay LL = 65 PI = 41
.27
4. Maine CH OH
Clay LL = 65 PI = 38
.29
5. AGS CH Clay
LL = 71 PI = 40
.26
6. Atchafalaya
CH Clay
LL = 95 PI = 75
.24
7. Tailor River
Peat w = 500%
Equation of "A"-line
Horozontal at PI = 4 to LL = 25.5,
then PI = 0.73 (LL-20)
Equation of "U"-line
Vertical at LL = 16 to PI = 7,
then PI = 0.9 (LL-8)
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L
O
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L
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MH or OH
ML or OL
Drained shear d
Plasticity Index
Relative density
Very dense
Dense
Medium dense
Loose
Very loose
CH
Sowers
CL
SC-ML