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Area in liver most succeptible to hypoxia

Zone 3 (around central venule)


Most likely location of ischemic colitis
Between sup and inf mesentery artery
Splenic flexure of colon
Reversible damage/Inhibition of
Na/K/ATPase-Cell swelling
Caspase activation causes
apoptosis
Free copper or iron
Free radical production
Superoxide dismutase
Neutralizes superoxides-hydrogen peroxide
Low Hb, SaO2 and PaO2
Decrease oxygen content
Increase EPO
NADPH oxydase reaction produces what
Superoxide by leukocytes
Glutathione peroxidase
Neutralization of OH, H2O2, NAPQI

CNS hypoxia duration for irriversible


damage
5 minutes
EKG in subendocardial ischemia
ST segment depression
Ca/ATPase inhition
Irriversible damage
NA/K ATPase inhibition:
Reversible injury
Cytochrom C leakage
apoptosis
Most damaging free radical
Hydroxyl free radical
Decrease arterial flow or venous
outflow
ischemia
Catalase
H202 to H20 and O2
Consequence of LVH
Subendocardial ischemia
Ionizing radiations produce
Hydroxyl free radical

best neutralizer of hydroxy free radical:


vitamin c

Chemoattractant for leukocytes


IL-8, LTB4, C5a, bacterial products
Slows neutrophils in vessels
Selectins
Cause of redness and increased temperature
Histamine, NO
Stops neutrophils in vessels
Cellular adhesion molecules-integrins
Receptor for pathogens
Toll like receptors
Susceptibility to catalase positive organisms
Chronic granulomatous disease
Ligand for E and P selectins
Sialyl Lewis X
Ligand for iCAMs and pecams
Integrins
First leukocyte recruited in inflammation
Neutrophils

Delayed sloughing of umbilical cord


Leukocyte adhesion deficiency
Potent neutrophil killing of phagocytozed
organisms
Respiratory burst (OCL)
Enzyme deficiency in chronic granulomatous
disease
NADPH-defective phagolysosome formation
Bactericidal substance of macrophages
Nitric oxide
Bactericidal substance of eosinophils
Major basic protein
Substance responsible for allergies
Histamine
Enzyme that generates arachidonic acid
Phospholipase A2
Enzyme that produces prostaglandins
Cyclooxygenase
Enzyme that produces leukotrienes
Lypooxygenase
Prostaglandin causing fever
PGE2
Eicosanoid that increases platelet aggregation
Thromboxane

A. Lack of angiogenesis
Vascular Endothelial Cell Growth Factor

B. Chemostasis of fibroblast
Fibroblast Growth Factor

C.Production of collagen
Transforming growth factor
D.Granulation tissue formation
Epidermal growth Factor

E. Keratinocyte replication
Heparin Binding Epidermal Growth Factor
MYOSITIS OSSIFICANSMesenchymal metaplasia of
connective tissue.Muscle trauma bone formationNo
risk for cancer

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