EXPERIMENT REPORT

TERMO CHEMISTY

GROUP V :
PUTRI MEGA ANANDA

(123194205)

ZAIMATUL UMAH

(123194232)

RADIAN DANY APRILIA

(123194236)

THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF

SURABAYA
FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCES
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY

2012

A. TITLE
B. DATE OF EXPERIMENT
C. PURPOSE:

: THERMO CHEMICALS
: October 30th 2012
: 1. Prove that every chemical reaction occur
absorption or release heat
2.Calculate heat change that occur in chemical
reaction

D. BASIC THEORY

Thermo chemistry study the thermal changes which follow

chemical reactions and physical changes (dissolution,
consolidation, and so on). Unit of heat energy is usually
expressed in calories, joules or kilo calories. To determine the
heat changes that occur in chemical reactions, is used
calorimeter. The amount of heat of chemical reaction, can be
expressed at a constant pressure and volume remains. Chemical
reactions involving splitting and or formation of chemical bonds
is always associated with the absorption or release of heat.
Exothermic reaction is a reaction that releases heat. If the
reaction takes place at fixed temperature, by appointment, H
will be negative, because the heat content of the system will
decrease. In contrast to the endothermic reaction is a reaction
that requires heat, by appointment, H will be positive.
Heat of reaction can be expressed as a change of energy
products and reactants at constant volume or at constant
pressure. Heat the reaction was measured with the help of
calorimeter. H is the change in energy and is often referred to
as the heat of reaction. Thermo chemistry equation shows how
the chemical and physical processes give each other space,
providing the provisions of the writing of the reactants and
reaction products and showed that changes heat following
process at a certain temperature. Heat is released into the
environment or received from the surrounding environment by
the system in isochoric or isobaric and T1 = T2 condition is
called isothermal heat of reaction. Following requirements that
must be carried out during the process: a) the temperature of
the products and reactants must be equal; b) all kinds of work
should be included in the reaction process, except for
employment expansion. Heat the reaction was measured by
using a calorimeter. In order to protect the temperature change

of the process, heat transfer to the calorimeter or absorption of

heat from the calorimeter must occur as soon as possible (in this
case represents the surrounding calorimeter). Heat changes
indicated by changes in temperature calorimeter
Qv = - Cv cal T cal
where C cal is the heat capacity of calorimeter.
Heat neutralization occurs in a solution of strong acid and strong
base with little water precious was constant. This is due because
strong acid and strong base will easily be dissociated perfectly in
form ions in solution. Neutralization heat is not always constant
for a weak acid and weak base. This is because the desired for
the ionization of a weak acid and weak base must be considered
and accounted.

E.

DESIGN OF EXPERIMENT :
a) Equipment and Materials

Equipment :

Calorimeter
Pipette mensure
Beaker glass 100 mL
Spatula
Thermometer
Materials:
CuSO4
1M
NaOH
1M
HCl
1M
Zn powder
1M

:1piece
: 1piece
: 2piece
: 1piece
: 1piece

b) Experiment Steps
1. Prepare the Thermo chemistry set
2. 25mL water is poured into calorimeter and write the
temperature (T1)
3. 25mL water is poured into beaker glass, heated until the
temperature increaser 100 from room temperature, write
the temperature (T2)
4. Mixed both two into calorimeter, shake and write the
maximum temperature that constant (T)
5. 25Ml CuSO4 poured into calorimeter, write the temperature
(T3) and weighed 0,5 gram Zn powder into calorimeter,
reordered maximum temperature (T4) after that calculated
neutralization heat (Hr)

6. 25mL HCl 1M poured into calorimeter, reordered the

temperature (T5)
7. 25Ml NaOH 1M controlled the temperature in order to same
with HCl temperature
8. Mixed NaOH and HCl into calorimeter, reordered mixed
temperature the maximum and constant (T6) after that
calculated the neutralization heat (Hr)

E. PROCEDURE
1. Determine Calorimeter Constant
25 ml Water
Poured into calorimeter
Recorded the temperature (T1)

25 ml Water
Poured into beaker
glass
Heated until the temperature
increase 100C from room
temperature
Recorded the
temperature(T2)

Mixed hot water into calorimeter

Shaked and recored the maximum temperature that constant
(

2. Determine Reaction Heat of Zn CuSO4

Poured into calorimeter
25 ml CuSO
4
Recorded the temperature (T3)
Weighed 0,5 gr Zn powder
Put Zn powder into calorimeter
25 ml HCl 1 M

25 ml HCl 1 M

Recorded maximum temperature (T4)

Calculated neutralization heat
Hr
Hr

Hr
3. Determine Neutralization Heat HCl NaOH

HH

Hr
Poured into calorimeter

Controll the

Recorded the temperature (T5)

temperature in order
to same with HCL
temperature

Mixed NaOH and HCl into calorimeter

Recorded mixed temperature that
maximum and constant (T6)
Calculated the neutralization heat

F. RESULT OF OBERVATION
NO
Procedure
1.
Calorimeter constant
25
mL

25
mL

Result
T1 = 311 C

Reaction
Black principle :

Conclusion
Q1 = Mass of water x

= 31+273 K

the amount of heat

specific heat of water x

= 304 K

that released by

increasing of temperature.

substance that has

Q1 = 1 x 4.2 x 4

T2 = 411 C

higher temperature is

= 41+273 K

equal to the amount

= 314 K

of heat that absorbed

= 16.8 J
Q2 = Mass of hot water x

by substance that has specific heat of water x

T3 = 351 C

lower temperature.

decreasing of temperature.
Q2 = 1 x 4.2 x 6

= 35+273 K

= 25.2 J

= 308 K

Q3 = Q2 - Q1
= 25.2-16.8
= 8.4 J

2.

Reaction heat of Zn+

CuSO4

T3 = 331 C
= 33+273K
= 306 K

Zn(s) + CuSO4(aq)
ZnSO4(aq) + Cu(s)

Q4 = K x (T4-T3)
= 2.1 x (307-306)
= 2,1 J

-Mole of
T4 = 341 C
25mL
CuSO4

Temperature from

= 34+273K

T3 to T4 increase

= 307 K

So occure exoterm
process.

There is dark
red precipitate.

-Mole of CuSO4
=MxV
= 1 x 0.025

H
r

=0.025 mole
Zn+CuSO4ZnSO4+Cu
M 0.001 0.025
R 0.001 0.001

0.001 0.001

0.001 0.001

0.024

-Mass of ZnSO4
= mole x Mr
= 0.001 x 161
=0.161
Q5= mass of solution x
specific heat of solution x
increasing of temperature
= 0.161 x 3.52 x 1
= 0.56672 J
Q6 = Q5- Q4
= 0.56672 2.1
= 1.40672 J

3.

Neutralization

heat

HCl NaOH

25mL
HCl
1M

25mL
NaOH
1M

of T5 = 301 C

HCl (aq)+ NaOH(aq)

Q7= mass of solution x

= 30+273K

NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)

specific heat of solution x

= 303K

Temperature from T5

increasing of temperature

to T6 increase so

= 1.6375 x 3.69 x 2

Occure Exoterm

= 12.08472 J

T6 = 321 C
= 32+273K
= 305K

process.
Q8 = K x (T6-T5)
= 0.84 x (305-303)
= 0.84 x 2
= 1.68 J

Hr

Q9 = Q7 + Q8
= 1.6375 + 1.68
= 3.3175 J
HCl+NaOHNaCl+H2O
M 0.025 0.025
R 0.025 0.025

0.025 0.025

0.025 0.025

-Mass of NaCl
= mole x Mr
= 0.025 x 65.5
=1.6375 gram

G.

DATA AND ANALYSIS

Calculation

1.

Determine calorimeter constant (K)

a.) Heat that absorbed by water (Q1)
Q1 = mass of water x specific heat of water x increasing of temperature
= 1 x 4,2 x 4
= 16,8 J
b.) Heat that absorbed by hot water (Q2)
Q2= mass of hot water x specific heat of water x decreasing of temperature
= 1 x 4,2 x 6
= 25,2 J
c.) Heat that absorbed by calorimeter (Q3)
Q3
= Q2 - Q1
= 25.2-16.8
= 8.4 J
Calorimeter constant (K)

Determine reaction heat of Zn CuSO4

a.) Heat that absorbed by calorimeter (Q4)
Q4
= K x ( T4 T3)
= 2.1 x (305 304)
= 2.1 x 1
= 2.1 J

2.

b.) Heat that absorbed by solution (Q5)

Mole of Zn

Mole of CuSO4

Zn

=MxV
= 1 x 0,025
= 0.025 mole

+ CuSO4

ZnSO4 + Cu

I : 0,001

0,025

R: 0,001

0,001

0,001

0,001

E:

0,024

0,001

0,001

Mass of ZnSO4

= mole x Mr
= 0.01 x 161
= 0.161 gr

Q5= mass of solution x specific heat of solution x increasing of temperature

= 0.161 x 3.52 x 1
= 0.56672 J
Heat that produced by reaction system (Q6)
Q6

= 0.56672 2.1
= 1.40672 J

Reaction heat that produced in one mole of solution

3.

Neutralization heat of HCl-NaOH

a.) Heat that absorbed by solution (Q7)
Q7 = mass of solution x specific heat of solution x increasing of temperature
= 1.6375 x 3.69 x 2
= 12.08472 J
Heat that absorbed by calorimeter (Q8)
Q8
= K x (T6 T5)
= 0.84 x (305-303)
= 0.84 x 2
= 1.68 J
Heat that produced by reaction system (Q9)
Q9
= Q7 + Q8
= 1.6375 + 1.68
= 3.3175 J
Neutralization heat that produced in one mole of solution
HCl
I : 0,025
R: 0,025
E: -

+ NaOH
0,025
0,025
-

Mass of ZnSO4= mole x Mr

= 0.025 x 65.5
= 1.637 gram

NaCl + H2O
0,025
0,025

0,025
0,025

H. DISCUSSION
In the second and third experiment we get result that show exothermic process. This because the
temperature are increase than before. Exothermic process is reaction that produce energy (release
heat). The heat moves from system to environment. But we dont get too accurate temperature,
because it has influenced with the temperature out of the calorimeter.

I. CONCLUSION
A chemical reaction takes place by absorbing and releasing energy. If release energy called
exothermic reactions, while the absorbed energy is called endothermic reactions. The system is
part of the universe that is the center of attention, while the environment is part of the universe
that interact with the system. Heat is energy that moves from the system into the environment or
vice versa because of differences in temperature, so that q can be written q = t or q = mx C x t.

J. REFERENCES
Tim kimia dasar.2009.Penuntun praktikum Kimia dasar I.Surabaya:Unipress
Purba, Michael. 2006. Kimia untuk SMA kelas XI. Jakarta : Erlangga.
himka1polban.wordpress.com/2011/12/28/laporan-praktikum-termokimia/,28 December 2011
luphleph.blogspot.com/2011/11/laporan-praktikum-termokimia.html
shukielevie.blogspot.com/2010/11/laporan-praktikum-kimia-dasar-1.html

ATTACHMENT
NO

Treatment

1.

25 mL water and 25mL hot water poured

into calorimeter

2.

25mL CuSO4 solution

Picture

3.

25mL CuSO4 solution + Zn powder

poured into calorimeter

4.

25mL HCl and 25mL NaOH

5.

25mL HCl + 25mL NaOH poured into

calorimeter