Hypothesis Testing Chapter

Chapter 8
Chapter 8 - Hypothesis Testing

1. The null hypothesis states that there is no difference between a parameter and a specific
value, or that there is no difference between two parameters.
Ans: True Difficulty: Easy Section: 8.1
2. Is the statement H 0 : 12 a valid null hypothesis?
A) Yes, this is a statement that compares a parameter to a value.
B) Yes, this is a statement that compares two parameters.
C) No, equalities are not permitted in a null hypothesis.
D) No, there is no parameter contained in this statement.
Ans: D Difficulty: Easy Section: 8.1
3. Is the statement H 0 :15 11 a valid null hypothesis?
4. Is the statement H 0 : 6 a valid null hypothesis?
Ans: A Difficulty: Easy Section: 8.1
5. Are the following statements H 0 : 6 and H1 : 6 valid null and alternative
hypotheses?
A) No, there are no parameters contained in these statements.
B) No, the alternative hypothesis cannot contain numeric values.
C) Yes, these statements are two non-overlapping hypotheses and compare two
parameters.
D) Yes, these statements are two non-overlapping hypotheses and compare a
parameter to a value.
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6. Are the following statements H 0 : 10 and H1 : 10 a valid pair of null and

alternative hypothesis?
A) No, the null hypothesis should not state an equality.
B) No, cannot be a parameter
C) Yes, the null hypothesis specifies an equality and the alternative specifies a
difference.
D) Yes, the alternative hypothesis specifies an equality and the null hypothesis
specifies a difference.
Ans: C Difficulty: Moderate Section: 8.1
7. Sandra Johnson, a researcher, believes her pulse rate will decrease with exercise. Her
alternative hypothesis would contain an equal sign.
Ans: False Difficulty: Easy Section: 8.1
8. If the null hypothesis is not rejected when it is false, a type II error has occurred.
9. The numerical value obtained from a statistical test is called the _______________.
Ans: test value
Difficulty: Easy Section: 8.1
10. A type I error occurs if one rejects the null hypothesis when it is __________.
Ans: true
11. A type II error occurs if one does not reject the null hypothesis when it is __________.
Ans: false
12. The probability of a type I error is represented by which of the following symbols?
A) B) C) D)
13. A right-tailed test is used when H 0 : k .
14. In a(n) _____________ test, the null hypothesis should be rejected when the test value is
in either of the two critical regions.
Ans: two-tailed
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15. Which type of null hypothesis is used in the figure below?
A) H 0 : k B) H 0 : k C) H 0 : k
Ans: A Difficulty: Moderate Section: 8.1
D) H 0 : k
16. Which type of null hypothesis is used in the figure below?
A) H 0 : k B) H 0 : k C) H 0 : k
D) H 0 : k
17. Which type of alternative hypothesis is used in the figure below?
A) H1 : k B) H1 : k C) H1 : k
D) H1 : k
18. For the conjecture "The average age of students in this class is 21", the null hypothesis is:
A) We accept the hypothesis that the average age of students in this class is 21.
B) The average age of students in this class is 21.
C) The average age of students in this class is not 21.
D) We reject the hypothesis that the average age of students in this class is 21.
Ans: B Difficulty: Moderate Section: 8.1
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19. For the conjecture "The average rent of an apartment is more than $800 per month," the
alternative hypothesis is:
A) The average rent of an apartment is less than or equal to $800 per month.
B) The average rent of an apartment is greater than $800 per month.
C) We accept the hypothesis that the average rent of an apartment is more than $800
per month.
D) We reject the hypothesis that the average rent of an apartment is more than $800
per month.
20. A garbage collector believes that he averages picking up more than four tons of garbage
per day. What is the null hypothesis for his statement?
A) H 0 : 4 B) H 0 : 4 C) H 0 : 4 D) H 0 : 4
21. For the conjecture "The average weight of a cuckoo bird is less than 1.6 pounds", the null
and alternative hypotheses are:
H 0 : The average weight of a cuckoo bird is less than or equal to 1.6 pounds.
A)
H1 : The average weight of a cuckoo bird is less than 1.6 pounds.
H 0 : The average weight of a cuckoo bird is equal to 1.6 pounds.
B)
H 0 : The average weight of a cuckoo bird is more than 1.6 pounds.
C)
H 0 : The average weight of a cuckoo bird is less than $1.6 pounds.
D)
H1 : The average weight of a cuckoo bird is more than or equal to $1.6 pounds.
22. Using the z table, find the critical value (or values) for an = 0.09 two-tailed test.
A) 1.34 B) 1.69 C) 1.34 D) 1.69
Ans: D Difficulty: Moderate Section: 8.1
23. Using the z table, find the critical value (or values) for an = 0.015 left-tailed test.
A) 2.17 B) 2.43 C) 1.08 D) 1.21
24. Using the z table, find the critical value (or values) for an = 0.12 right-tailed test.
A) 0.59 B) 0.78 C) 1.18 D) 1.56
25. Using the z table, determine the critical value for the left-tailed test with = 0.02.
A) 2.33 B) 2.05 C) 2.33 D) 2.05
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26. Using the z table, determine the critical values for a two-tailed test when = 0.03.
A) 1.88 B) 2.17 C) 0.18 D) 0.06
27. Using the z table, determine the critical value for the right-tailed test with = 0.035.
A) 0.35 B) 0.70 C) 1.81 D) 2.43
28. A recent survey of gasoline prices indicated that the national average was $4.098 per
gallon. The Dallas Automobile Club claimed that gasoline in Texas was significantly
lower than the national average. A survey covering 10 different suburbs in Dallas found
the average price of gasoline to be $3.924 per gallon with a population standard deviation
of $0.053. What critical value should be used to test the claim using = 0.01?
A) 1.26 B) 2.33 C) 1.26 D) 2.33
29. The critical value for a right-tailed test with = 0.03 is 1.88.
30. Stating the hypothesis should be the first step used in hypothesis testing.
31. In performing a hypothesis test, one should decide whether to reject or not reject the null
hypothesis before summarizing the results.
Use the following to answer questions 32-33:
A recent survey indicated that the average amount spent for breakfast by business managers was
$7.58 with a standard deviation of $0.42. It was felt that breakfasts on the West Coast were
higher than $7.58. A sample of 81 business managers on the West Coast had an average
breakfast cost of $7.65.
32. At = 0.05, what is the critical value?
A) 1.96 B) 1.5 C) 1.5 D) 1.65
33. Find the P-value for the test.
A) 0.4332 B) 0.2734 C) 0.1325 D) 0.0668
34. If the sample mean is 9, the hypothesized population mean is 7, and the population
standard deviation is 4, compute the test value needed for the z test.
A) 0.50 B) 2.00 C) 2.00 D) 0.50
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35. When conducting a two-tailed z test with = 0.01, the test value was computed to be
2.07. The decision would be to not reject the null hypothesis.
Ans: True Difficulty: Moderate Section: 8.2
36. If the sample mean is 4, the hypothesized population mean is 7, and the population
standard deviation is 3, compute the test value needed for the z test.
A) 1.00 B) 3.00 C) 3.00 D) 1.00
Use the following to answer questions 37-38:
The Eagle Ridge Contractors Association claims the average price of a home in their subdivision
is $125,150 with a standard deviation of $7,350. A sample of 36 homes for sale in this
subdivision had an average selling price of $123,550. The Eagle Ridge Home Owners
Association is interested in knowing if the costs of homes for sale in this subdivision are actually
lower than claimed?
37. Compute the test value?
A) 1.31 B) 1.31 C) 1.52 D) 1.52
38. What is the p-value for this left-tailed test?
A) 0.0853 B) 0.0951 C) 0.1327 D) 0.0036
39. Alyson Silvastein, a scientist, reports that the average number of hours a person can go
without sleep and still function normally is 29 with a standard deviation of five hours. A
sample of 49 people had an average of 31 hours that they could go without sleep and still
function normally. The test value for this hypothesis would be 2.8.
Ans: True Difficulty: Moderate Section: 8.2
40. Dr. Christina Cuttleman, a nutritionist, claims that the average number of calories in a
serving of popcorn is 75 with a standard deviation of 7. A sample of 50 servings of
popcorn was found to have an average of 78 calories. Check Dr. Cuttleman's claim at
= 0.05.
Ans: H 0 : 75 (the claim) and H1 : 75
Critical values: 1.96
Test value: 3.03
Reject the null hypothesis.
There is not enough evidence to support the claim that the average number of
calories in a serving of popcorn is 75.
Difficulty: Difficult Section: 8.2
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41. At a certain university, the average cost of books was $370 per student last semester and
the population standard deviation was $90. This semester a sample of 60 students
revealed an average cost of books of $395 per student. The Dean of Students believes
that the costs are greater this semester. What is the test value for this hypothesis?
A) 0.28 B) 0.42 C) 2.15 D) 16.67
42. In a particular city, the average annual salary for secretaries is $30,000. A sample of 50
secretaries from Company A shows an average annual salary of $25,500 with a
population standard deviation of $5,000. Secretaries at Company A claim they are paid
less than the city average. What is the test value for this claim?
A) 6.36 B) 0.90 C) 0.90 D) 6.36
43. An average department store sells 150 men's suits per year. The men's suit departments at
a particular national chain of stores claim they sell more than the industry average. In 40
of their stores, they sold, on the average, 230 suits per year with a population standard
deviation of 40. What is the test value for their claim?
A) 0.32 B) 2.00 C) 7.32 D) 12.65
44. The average greyhound can reach a top speed of 18.1 meters per second. A particular
greyhound breeder claims her dogs are faster than the average greyhound. A sample of 40
of her dogs ran, on average, 18.4 meters per second with a population standard deviation
of 1.2 meters per second. With = 0.05, is her claim correct?
A) No, because the test value 0.04 falls in the noncritical region.
B) Yes, because the test value 0.04 falls in the critical region.
C) No, because the test value 1.58 falls in the noncritical region.
D) Yes, because the test value 0.30 falls in the noncritical region.
45. Nationwide, the average waiting time until a electric utility customer service
representative answers a call is 360 seconds. The Gigantic Kilowatt Energy Company
randomly sampled 40 calls and found that, on average, they were answered in 331
seconds with a population standard deviation of 30 seconds. Can the company claim that
they are faster than the average utility at = 0.05?
A) Yes, because the test value 6.11 falls in the critical region.
B) No, because the test value 0.97 falls in the critical region.
C) Yes, because the test value 0.15 falls in the critical region.
D) No, because the test value 0.15 falls in the critical region.
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46. A manufacturer claims that its televisions have an average lifetime of at least five years
(60 months) with a population standard deviation of seven months. Eighty-one
televisions were selected at random, and the average lifetime was found to be 59 months.
With = 0.025, is the manufacturer's claim supported?
Ans: H 0 : 60 (claim) and H1 : 60
Critical value = 1.96
Test value = 1.29
Do not reject the claim since the test value falls in the noncritical region.
There is not enough evidence to reject the manufacturer's claim that his televisions
have an average lifetime of at least five years.
Difficulty: Moderate Section: 8.2
47. An average computer mouse inspector can inspect 40 mice per hour with a population
standard deviation of 14 mice per hour. The 42 computer mice inspectors at a particular
factory can only inspect 34 mice per hour. Does the company have reason to believe that
these inspectors are slower than average at = 0.10?
A) Yes, because the test value 2.78 falls in the noncritical region.
B) No, because the test value 1.60 falls in the critical region.
C) Yes, because the test value 2.78 falls in the critical region.
D) No, because the test value 1.60 falls in the noncritical region.
48. A recent report by the American Medical Association stated the average annual salary of
psychiatrists is $189,121 with a population standard deviation of $26,975. A group of
hospital administrators randomly sampled 64 psychiatrists and found an average annual
salary of $198,630. The group claims that the average annual salary is actually higher
than what the American Medical Association reported. What is the P-value for this onesided test?
A) 0.0024 B) 0.0035 C) 0.1328 D) 0.0237
49. What is the critical value for a two-tailed t test when = 0.02 and d.f. = 18?
A) 2.878 B) 2.567 C) 2.552 D) 2.110
Ans: C Difficulty: Easy Section: 8.3
50. What is the critical value for a right-tailed t test when = 0.025 and d.f. = 12?
A) 2.179 B) 0.697 C) 0.695 D) 2.201
51. A recent study of business travelers claims they spend an average of $41.00 per day on
meals. As a test of this claim, a random sampling of 16 business travelers found they had
spent an average of $45.00 per day with a standard deviation of $3.65. What are the
critical values for a two-tailed t test of this claim with = 0.05?
A) 2.120 B) 2.131 C) 1.753 D) 1.746
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52. According to Beautiful Bride magazine, the average age of a groom is now 26.2 years. A
sample of 16 prospective grooms in Chicago revealed that their average age was 26.6
years with a standard deviation of 5.3 years. What is the test value for a t test of the
claim?
A) 1.81 B) 0.30 C) 0.59 D) 2.13
53. At a certain university, the average attendance at basketball games has been 2825. This
year the attendance for the first 15 games has been 2615 with a standard deviation of 735.
The athletic director claims that the attendance is the same as last year. If = .05, what
are the critical values for this two-tailed t test?
A) 1.761 B) 2.145 C) 1.753 D) 2.131
54. Sam Ying, a career counselor, claims the average number of years of schooling for an
engineer is 15.8 years. A sample of 16 engineers had a mean of 15.0 years and a standard
deviation of 1.5 years. The test value used in evaluating the claim would be 2.68.
Ans: False Difficulty: Moderate Section: 8.3
55. Reginald Brown, an inspector from the Department of Weights and Measures, weighed
15 eighteen-ounce cereal boxes of corn flakes. He found their mean weight to be 17.8
ounces with a standard deviation of 0.4 ounces. At = 0.01, are the cereal boxes lighter
than they should be?
Ans: H 0 : 18.0 (claim) and H1 : 18.0
Critical value: 2.624
Test value: 1.94
Do not reject the claim since 1.94 does not fall within the critical region.
There is not enough evidence to reject the claim that the cereal boxes weigh 18
ounces.
56. At a certain university, the average attendance at basketball games has been 3025. Due to
the dismal showing of the team this year, the attendance for the first 14 games has
averaged only 2615 with a standard deviation of 485. The athletic director claims that the
attendance is the same as last year. What is the test value needed to evaluate the claim?
A) 3.16 B) 7.50 C) 8.94 D) 11.84
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57. Science fiction novels average 210 pages in length. The average length of 8 randomly
chosen novels written by I. M. Wordy was 255 pages in length with a standard deviation
of 55. At = .05, are Wordy's novels significantly longer than the average science
fiction novel?
Ans: H 0 : 210 and H1 : 210 (claim)
Critical value: 1.895
Test value: 2.314
The conclusion is to reject the null hypothesis.
There is enough evidence to support the claim that Wordy's novels are longer than
the average science fiction novel.
58. The formula for the test value in a z test for proportions is __________.
p p
Ans: z
pq n
59. It has been claimed that at UCLA at least 40% of the students live on campus. In a
random sample of 250 students, 90 were found to live on campus. Does the evidence
support the claim at = .01?
Ans: H 0 : p 0.40 (claim) and H1 : p 0.40
Critical Value: 2.33
Test value: 1.29
Do not reject null hypothesis since the test value falls in the noncritical region.
There is not enough evidence to reject the claim that at least 40% of UCLA
students live on campus.
60. A random sample of 450 shoppers at Quincy Mall found that 125 favored longer
shopping hours. Is this sufficient evidence at the 0.05 level of significance to conclude
that less than 30% of the shoppers at Quincy Mall favor longer hours?
Ans: H 0 : p 0.30 and H1 : p 0.30 (claim)
Critical Value: 1.65
Test value: 1.02
Do not reject null hypothesis since the test value falls in the noncritical region.
There is not enough evidence to support the claim that less than 30% of the
shoppers favor longer hours.
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61. Doctors nationally believe that 78% of a certain type of operation are successful. In a
particular hospital, 62 of these operations were observed and 52 of them were successful.
At = .05, is this hospital's success rate different from the national average?
A) No, because the test value 0.66 is in the noncritical region.
B) Yes, because the test value 0.66 is in the critical region.
C) No, because the test value 1.12 is in the noncritical region.
D) Yes, because the test value 1.12 is in the noncritical region.
62. A political strategist claims that 57% of voters in Madison County support his candidate.
In a poll of 400 randomly selected voters, 204 of them support the strategist's candidate.
At = .05, is the political strategist's claim warranted?
A) Yes, because the test value 1.43 is in the critical region.
B) Yes, because the test value 3.15 is in the noncritical region.
C) No, because the test value 3.15 is in the critical region.
D) No, because the test value 2.42 is in the critical region.
63. A scientist claims that only 67% of geese in his area fly south for the winter. He tags 65
random geese in the summer and finds that 18 of them do not fly south in the winter. If
= .05, is the scientist's belief warranted?
A) Yes, because the test value 0.91 is in the noncritical region.
B) No, because the test value 1.00 is in the critical region.
C) Yes, because the test value 1.00 is in the noncritical region.
D) No, because the test value 0.91 is in the noncritical region.
64. A statistician claims that the standard deviation of the weights of firemen is less than 25
pounds. A sample of 20 randomly chosen firemen had a standard deviation of their
weights of 26.2 pounds. Assume the variable is normally distributed. At = 0.05, what
is the critical value 2 for this test?
A) 31.410 B) 30.144 C) 10.851 D) 10.117
65. A doctor claims that the standard deviation of systolic blood pressure is 12 mmHg. A
random sample of 24 patients found a standard deviation of 14 mmHg. Assume the
variable is normally distributed. At = 0.01, what are the critical 2 values?
A) 9.262 and 44.181
C) 13.848 and 36.415
B) 13.091 and 35.172
D) 11.524 and 44.314
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66. The critical 2 value for 20 degrees of freedom for the figure below is 31.410.
Ans: True
Difficulty: Easy
Section: 8.5
67. The 2 critical value for n = 16 and = 0.01 for a left-tailed test is 5.812.
Ans: False Difficulty: Moderate Section: 8.5
68. A lab technician is tested for her consistency by making multiple measurements of the
cholesterol level in one blood sample. The target precision is a standard deviation of 1.4
mg/dL or less. If 10 measurements are taken and the standard deviation is 1.6 mg/dL, is
there enough evidence to support the claim that her standard deviation is greater than the
target, at = .01?
A) No, since the 2 test value 11.755 is less than the critical value 23.209.
B) Yes, since the 2 test value 10.29 is less than the critical value 21.666.
C) No, since the 2 test value 11.755 is less than the critical value 21.666.
D) Yes, since the 2 test value 10.29 is less than the critical value 23.209.
Ans: C Difficulty: Difficult Section: 8.5
69. A lumber mill is tested for consistency by measuring the variance of board thickness.
The target accuracy is a variance of 0.0035 square inches or less. If 20 measurements are
made and their variance is 0.004 square inches, is there enough evidence to reject the
claim that the standard deviation is within the limit at = .01?
A) No, since the 2 test value 21.71 is less than the critical value 36.191.
B) Yes, since the 2 test value 4.98 is less than the critical value 36.191.
C) No, since the 2 test value 21.71 is less than the critical value 37.566.
D) Yes, since the 2 test value 4.98 is less than the critical value 37.566.
Ans: A Difficulty: Difficult Section: 8.5
70. If the null hypothesis H 0 : 16.0 is rejected at 0.10 when a mean of 19.0 is
obtained from a random sample, one could also say that
A) the 10% confidence interval for the population mean contains the value 19.0.
B) the 90% confidence interval for the population mean contains the value 19.0.
C) the 90% confidence interval for the population mean does not contain the value
16.0.
D) the 10% confidence interval for the population mean does not contain the value
16.0.
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71. Assume that a 99% confidence interval for the mean is 11.0 14.0 . The null
hypothesis H 0 : 12.0 at 0.01 would
A) not be rejected because 12.0 is less than 14.0.
B) not be rejected because 12.0 is between 11.0 and 14.0.
C) be rejected because 12.0 is more than 11.0.
D) be rejected because 12.0 is not equal to 12.50.
Ans: B Difficulty: Easy Section: 8.6
72. Assume that a 95% confidence interval for the mean is 15.0 19.0 . The null
hypothesis H 0 : 13.0 at 0.05 would
A) be rejected because 13.0 is less than 15.0.
B) not be rejected because 13.0 is less than 19.0.
C) not be rejected because 19.0 is more than 15.0.
D) be rejected because 13.0 is not equal equal to 17.0.
73. If the null hypothesis H 0 : 14.0 is not rejected at 0.05 when a mean of 10.0 is
obtained from a random sample, one could also say that
A) the 5% confidence interval for the population mean contains the value 10.0.
B) the 95% confidence interval for the population mean contains the value 14.0.
C) the 95% confidence interval for the population mean does not contain the value
14.0.
D) the 5% confidence interval for the population mean does not contain the value 14.0.
Ans: B Difficulty: Easy Section: 8.6
74. A type I error is only a possibility when the null hypothesis is not rejected.
75. The probability of committing a type II error is denoted as .
76. The power of a test measures the sensitivity of the test to detect a real difference in
parameters if one actually exists.
77. When a researcher fails to reject the null hypothesis, this does not mean that there is not
enough evidence to support the ________________.
Ans: alternative hypothesis
78. If the probability of a type II error in a hypothesis test is 0.40, and 0.01, then the
power of this test is
A) 0.01 B) 0.40 C) 0.60 D) 0.99
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Chapter 8

Chapter 8 - Hypothesis Testing

6. Are the following statements H 0 : 10 and H1 : 10 a valid pair of null and

15. Which type of null hypothesis is used in the figure below?

16. Which type of null hypothesis is used in the figure below?

17. Which type of alternative hypothesis is used in the figure below?

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