Quality Control Of Garment

1. Quality Control Of Garment

2. QUALITY SYSTEMS FOR GARMENT MANUFACTURE ACHIEVING THE RIGHT

FINAL PRODUCT ON TIME

3. 1. PLAN OF THE OVERALL FUNCTION OF QUALITY CONTROL The cost of

quality Functions of Quality Assurance Commercial advantages form effective control
systems Economic aspects of quality assurance The role of quality control

4. 2. THE ROLE OF QUALITY CONTROL IN THE CONTEXT OF QUALITY

MANAGEMENT Outline of quality control systems requirements Data generated British
Standard 5750

5. 3. FINAL PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS Quality control in the sampling/development

department From sample to full production The Specification layout Process specification
Sample garment specification Seam specification Performance specification

6. 4. THE MAIN RAW MATERIAL - FABRIC Fabric and garment dimensions - fabric
stability and finished width Fabric inspection - examination of fabric on receipt

7. 5. BASIC SEAMING TECHNOLOGY Basic technology of seams Stitch forming action

Quality checks on seams

8. 6. LAYING-UP AND CUTTING

9. 6. QUALITY MONITORING THROUGH CUTTING AND GARMENT ASSEMBLY 7.1

Recording Recording systems - making up Supervisors check list

10. 7.2 Tolerances Tolerance limits 7.3 The threshold of faults Training quality standards
and faults analysis 7.4 Sampling techniques Checking levels of faults and seconds

11. 7.5 Technology if Inspection Garment examination Seeing colour and the effect of type
of illuminant on the apparent shade of a sample Effects of intensity, angle of illumination
and type on the apparent shade of a sample Effects on shade of other colours in adjacent
areas Mounting and displaying for viewing Colour vision

12. 7.6 checking operatives and examiners Assessment of operative effectiveness from
records The supervisor and quality control Weather trials 7.7 Auditing Boxed Stock
Boxed Stock Quality Audit

13. 8. QUALITY COMMUNICATIONS Control of quality in garment assembly Example

of quality feedback - marks and stains Action checklist to improve garment cleanliness

economics of cleanliness Fault cost assessment record Quality Control Requirements Order of Priorities

14. "Quality" is defined as that combination of design and properties of materials of a product
which are needed for the intended end use and level of the market in which it is sold.
"Requisite Quality" is defined as the design and composition of a product, which has been
thoroughly proved by adequate development work, in order to establish its reliability under the
conditions to which it will be subjected in use and to avoid producing too high a grade of
product for the intended market.

15. Quality Assurance "The establishment and maintenance of ALL activities and functions
concerned with the attainment of requisite quality" Quality Control "The systems required for
programming and co-ordinating the efforts of the various groups in an organisation to
maintain the requisite quality" As such Quality Control is seen as the agent of Quality
Assurance or Total Quality Control

16. Quality for textile and apparel: Quality may be defined as the level of acceptance of goods
or services. For the textile and apparel industry, product quality is calculated in terms of
quality and standard of fibers, yarns, fabric construction, colour fastness, designs and the final
finished garments. Quality control in terms of garment manufacturing, pre-sales and posts

17. sales service, delivery, pricing, etc are essential for any garment manufacturer, trader or
exporter. Certain quality related problems, often seen in garment manufacturing like sewing,
colour, sizing, or garment defects should never be over looked. These defects are discussed
below -

18. Sewing defects Open seams, wrong stitching techniques, nonmatching threads, missing
stitches, improper creasing of the garment, improper thread tension etc. are some of the
sewing defects which can affect the garment quality adversely.

19. Colour defects Variation of colour between the sample and the final garment, wrong
colour combinations and mismatching dyes should always be avoided.

20. Sizing defects Wrong gradation of sizes, difference in measurement of various parts of a
garment like sleeves of XL size for body of L size garment can deteriorate the garments
beyond repair.

21. Garment defects Broken or defective buttons, snaps, stitches, different shades within the
same garment, dropped stitches, exposed notches, fabric defects, holes, faulty zippers, loose or

hanging sewing threads, misaligned buttons and holes, missing buttons, needle cuts, pulled or
loose yarn,

22. stains, unfinished buttonhole, short zippers, inappropriate trimmings etc. all can lead to the
end of a brand name even before its establishment.

23. Some of main fabric properties that are taken into consideration for garment
manufacturing for export basis: Overall look of the garment. Right formation of the
garment.

24. Feel and fall of the garment. Physical properties. Colour fastness of the garment.
Finishing properties Presentation of the final produced garment.

25. Methods of quality control: Basically two methods are used for garments quality control
i) Testing ii) Inspection. Maximum garments manufacturers apply inspection method due to
high cost of testing equipments.

26. Inspection: Inspection may be defined as the visual examination in relation to some
standards. Objective: The main objectives of inspection are i. Detection of defects. ii.
Correcting the defects or defective garments.

27. To inspect garments an integral method named Inspection Loop is used given below
Inspection Correction of the defects Detection of defects Inform defects to appropriate
personnel Determination of causes of defects Fig: Inspection Loop.

28. Steps of inspection in garments industry: i) Raw materials inspection (Fabric and
Accessories) ii) In Process inspection. iii) Final inspection.

29. Raw Materials Shade - checked to be within tolerance of standard pattern. Delivery
weights - checked and any shortfall claimed.

30. Fabric Parameters, Fabric or Garment Blank Checks : Shade and appearance correct
jacquard pattern correct, absence of barrenness. Width normal - (this is only a guide with
grey fabric). Fabric weights per square metre (or preferably weight per predetermined revs) checked to within tolerance of specification. Blank weight per dozen to be within tolerance
of specification. Check fabric for faults and stains. Finishing loss - on-going record of
losses on scouring etc. Accountability of knitters.

31. Sewing thread inspection: A) Thread construction: To know about thread construction the
following should be tested i. Thread count. ii. Thread ply. iii. Number of twist. iv. Thread
balance. v. Thread tenacity. vi. Thread elongation

32. B) Sew ability: The sewing ability of a thread is called sew ability. During sew ability test
the following quality of thread should be tested i. Imperfection ii. Finish iii. Package density
iv. Winding v. Yardage

33. What are the things used to check to determine the quality of Zipper: i. Measuring Zipper
Dimension ii. Top and Bottom stops should be secured iii. Uniform in color iv. Slider should
ride freely but not so free v. Slider lock must be secured. vi. Durability of finish of zipper
chain to laundering or dry cleaning. vi. Color fastness to zipper to light, to crocking (rubbing)
and to laundering.

34. In-process Inspection Sewing Checks Stitches per cm. and thread run-in ratio
checked to be within tolerance of specification. Evenness, balance and correct bight, no
stitching missed Extensibility and security correct (i.e. no cracking or laddering). Absence of
skip stitching. Accountability of machinist.

35. Final Inspection Shade correct and not varying from one part of garment to
another. Cut is correct - e.g. neck, collar and sleeves balanced, pockets correct. Measurements
within tolerance of specification, weight correct. Appearance correct, patterns matching.
Seams finished correctly, absence of miss stitching, cracking and laddering. Accessories
correctly applied and working. Absence of fabric faults and stains. Correct labelling.

36. Recovery Inspection Check whether remedial works satisfactory. Check on volume of
work successfully recovered. Avoidance of work recycling.

37. Product Tests Colour fastness to agreed agencies: (e.g. washing, rubbing, perspiration,
lights) - checked and on-going continuity cards generated, showing rating, checked against
specification. Stability: Shrinkage, and extension recovery where needed - to be within
tolerance of specification Endurance: Abrasion, pilling or snagging - tested where needed.
Rating checked against specification Flammability: Performance rating in appropriate test
checked against specification.

38. AQL Random Sampling Inspection # The AQL inspection takes the samples from a goods,
inspect them and depends on the quality of samples inspected and decide to accept or reject
them. # The standard is based on Military Standard 105D (MIL-STD-105D)

39. # It provides with the sampling plans, the number of samples to be inspected and the
acceptable quality level (AQL) # AQL 1.5 is applied to very severe inspection on high-class
expensive item. # AQL 2.5 is applied when textiles of normal/good quality are involved.

40. AQL (II) # Three types of sampling plans -single, double and multiple. # Each sampling
plan can be performed in three levelnormal, tightened and reduced, depending on quality of
products. # In garment industry, single and double normal sampling plans are applied.

41. Sample Size Code Letter The Sample Size Code Letter shows different lot sizes to
different code letter. There are seven inspection level, four for general inspection and three
for special inspection For garment inspection, General Inspection level II would be used.

42. Sample Size Code Letter

43. Single Sampling Plan for normal inspection

44. Double Sampling Plans

45. Example Single Sampling Plan-Normal Inspection Assume AQL is 2.5% and lot size is
600 garments, find out the following : The total number of samples need to inspect The
acceptable number of the samples The rejection number of the samples

46. Answer Single Sampling Plan First, from Table 1 find out the code letter for lot size of
600 and inspection level II is J From Table 2 (single sampling plan), the letter J
corresponds to sample sizes of 80. So, 80 samples are needed to inspect out of 600 At
AQL 2.5%, if defective garments are less than or equal to 5, whole lots will be accepted, if it
is found to be 6 or more, whole lots will be rejected.

47. Try this one If the garment lot is 300 dozens, and AQL is 4.0%, find out the number of
samples to be inspected the acceptable number and rejection number

48. Example II Double Sampling Plan Assume AQL is 4% and lot size is 2000 garments,
find out from double sampling plan on the following: The total sample sizes need to inspect
What is the first acceptable number What is the second acceptable number

49. Answer Double Sampling Plan First, Table 1 of 2000 lots at inspection level II is letter
K Table 3, double sampling plan shows the sample size of letter K is 80. First inspection,
at AQL 4%, the acceptable number is 5, rejection number is 9 If any number between 5 to 9,
second inspection is needed

50. Answer Double sampling Plan (II) For second inspection, the sample sizes again is 80
At AQL 4%, the cumulated acceptable number is 12 and rejection number is 13. Conclusion
If the number of defective garments found in the first sample is 6, and in second sample is 5,
making a total of 11, then the whole lot of 2,000 pieces will be accepted.