L o n g R a n g e W i r e l e s s S o l u ti o n s

Description

Wireless
Internet

Service Provider (WISP)

TECHNICAL INFO

The Wireless Internet Service Provider System (WISP) is an integrated

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) system of connecting customers to the
Internet. High-speed wireless data links are used to provide Internet
access on a point-to-point and point-to-multipoint basis, for companies,
governmental organizations, schools, universities and other institutions
having Local Area Networks (LAN).
Wireless data links take place of dedicated leased lines where the leased
line connection is not possible or too expensive. Basic requirements for
using wireless data links are:
Customers are located within 15 miles or 24km radius around the
central site.
Direct Line of Sight between Customer location and the central
antenna.
Use of the 900MHz, 2.4GHz, 5.2GHz or 5.8GHz frequencies
(Unlicensed Band) according to the local regulations. In some countries
obtaining a special license might be required.
Use of the 2.3MHz to 2.7MHz, 3.4 to 3.6MHz and 4.9GHz frequencies
(Licensed Band) according to the local regulations.
The WISP can be obtained from Netkrom as ready to install Base Station
and CPE (Customer Premises Equipment). All necessary parts of the
wireless links are available as well.
Netkrom is supplying wireless equipment to customers and providing
installation services all around the World since 2003.

How to Start a Wireless ISP

Is an system to
provide connectivity
to customers to the
Internet.

The following material is meant to help you with what steps are
necessary to start a Wireless Internet Service Provision System (WISP).
Under WISP we understand an integrated Metropolitan Area Network
(MAN) system of connecting customers to the Internet. High-speed
wireless data links are used to provide Internet access on a
point-to-point and point-to-multipoint basis for companies,
governmental organizations, schools, universities and other
institutions having Local Area Networks (LAN).
First of all, you should answer the main question:
Are you already an Internet Service Provider (ISP)? I.e.
Does your company have a permanent (256kbps or faster) Internet
connection?
Do you have experience providing basic Internet services to the
customers?
Are you running a domain name server, e-mail server, http and ftp
services?
Do you have experience providing leased line connection and dial-in
services to the customers?

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L o n g R a n g e W i r e l e s s S o l u ti o n s

Wireless
Internet

Service Provider (WISP)

TECHNICAL INFO

If your answer to this question is YES, then you can proceed with your plan
of becoming a Wireless ISP and follow the suggestions given in this
material.
Should your answer be NO, then please understand you must rst
become an Internet Service Provider.
Those, who are Internet Service Providers, can start nding answers to
following questions:
Q1: Do you expect to have the necessary customer basis for a
Wireless ISP System in your city?
A1: Generally speaking, you should consider the WISP just like
permanent leased line connections to the customers, but at a higher
speed and lower cost. Please read about What is a WISP and what
not*.
*What is a WISP and what not? The Wireless ISP System is a xed
wireless service between the central node and the client. It is not a
mobile service, at least in most of the cases, because:
- Direct line of sight is required between the central node and the
client, and
- Low power radios and high gain antennas are used for the wireless
links. The Wireless ISP System is a land service operating as a
Metropolitan Area Network with cells of 15 miles or 24 km. radius. It
is not a Satellite ISP System. The Wireless ISP System is a
bi-directional service, where both the client and the central node is
sending and receiving data. It is not a transmitter - receiver system,
every node does both tasks.
Q2: What are the regulations and rules for using the Licensed and
Unlicensed Frequency wireless data communication equipment in your
country?

Fast Installation
of Clients (2 to 6
hours per site).

A2: In most cases you will need to get a permission to use the
Unlicensed frequency (900MHz, 2.4GHz, 5GHz), but sometimes a
license might be necessary for providing wireless service and use
Licensed frequency. We provide our customers with copies of the
necessary Certicates and Type Approval Documents that might help
you getting things organized legally. Check the list of available
documents by contacting us by e-mail.
Q3: Is the setup of wireless connections technically possible?
A3: The system operates on a point to multi-point basis, and consists of
a base station and several client nodes within 15 miles or 24 km. radius
around it. The client nodes connect to the base unit over wireless links.
Therefore, direct line of sight* is required between the client antenna
and the base station antenna in order to establish the wireless
connection.

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L o n g R a n g e W i r e l e s s S o l u ti o n s

Wireless
Internet

Service Provider (WISP)

TECHNICAL INFO

*Direct line of Sight between two points is ability to see from one
point the other point without any physical obstacles, like trees,
leaves of the trees, branches of the trees, buildings, walls, roof
constructions, hills, forests.
For longer distances, there can be problems with ensuring the line of
sight due to the Earth curvature. For example, direct line of sight can
be ensured between two points located between each other at a
distance of 40km, if they are risen at 17m height. Please use the
Distance Calculation Utility provided by Netkrom
Q4: What would be the best location for the Base Station?
A4: You should consider a high location for installing the central
antenna, so that all your client antennas could see the central antenna
without any obstacles, i.e., they should have direct line of sight with
the central antenna. Some suggestions for best locations of Base
station antenna could be:
Top of a high building somewhere in the city.
Top of a building located on a hill.
High tower (TV or some communication tower).
It is very important, that you can nd such a location, where the Base
Station antenna and the Base Radio Unit can be installed closely, e.g.:
Antenna on the roof of a building and base unit in the attic.
Antenna on a communication tower and base unit in a
weather-proof box attached to that tower.
Although a low loss cable is used for connecting the antenna to the
Base Radio Unit, its length should be as short as possible to avoid signal
loss. The cable length should not exceed 9m without an amplier. Do
not plan to have longer cables, or to substitute low loss cables with
some lower quality ones your system wont work!

Cost eective
access for
prolonged use
and multiple
users.

Also, you will need to organize 110V or 220V power to the base unit,
uninterruptible power supply is recommended.
Q5: What equipment and preparations are needed for the Client Site?
A5: For client site you will need to consider where to mount the
directional parabolic grid antenna, where to put the wireless router
and how to connect it to the clients LAN and to 110V or 220V power.
Again, you should nd a place for the router, where the distance to the
antenna is minimal. You should better consider using a shorter antenna
cable and extend the LANs cable [PoE] to the place where you install
the Switch or router.

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Typical locations for the client antenna are:

Wireless
Internet

Roof of the building, antenna attached the pipe holding TV

antenna, or a specially installed pipe for your antenna.
Wall of the building.
Window frame, antenna mount attached to the window frame of
a room, where the wireless router is located.

TECHNICAL INFO

Q6: How to install and congure the central site with the base unit
and omni-directional antenna?

Service Provider (WISP)

A6: When the place has been found for the omni-directional antenna
and for the base unit, the antenna should be mounted and cable
connected to the antenna and to the base unit. Connectors outside the
rooms should be protected using weatherproof rubber material tape
to avoid moisture coming into the connectors. Ordinary electrical tape
should be put over the rubber protecting tape. Electrical tape alone
does not protect the cable connections hermetically enough.
Within a few months moisture will be inside the cable connections,
and the quality of your system will be degraded.
What concerns the minimum required conguration of the base unit,
you should choose the frequency your system will be operated at, the
basic data rate, and the system identier. Only clients having the same
radio settings will be able to work with your base unit. More options
for conguring the base unit are explained in the manual for it
Q7: How to install and congure the client sites with the wireless
router and directional antenna?
A7: The directional antenna should be mounted vertically polarized,
since the base unit (omni-directional) antenna is vertically polarized.

Reliable access
and instant internet
24 hours.

The same rules as described above are applied for connecting and
protecting the cables. The antenna should be pointed directly to the
central antenna. Performing link test between the base unit and client
router should do nal adjustment.
Q8: What are possible TCP/IP network congurations for the WISP
system?
R8: Usually the client LANs may have the TCP/IP protocol running with
unregistered IP addresses. You may leave the addresses as they are
and take one free address from the clients network for the Ethernet
interface of Wireless Router. Alternatively, you may provide the client
with a subnet from the network addresses that you have as an ISP. The
Ethernet address of wireless router is default gateway for all hosts on
the clients LAN.

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L o n g R a n g e W i r e l e s s S o l u ti o n s

Wireless
Internet

Service Provider (WISP)

TECHNICAL INFO

The Wireless LAN is another TCP/IP network, since it is separated from

the client networks by routers. An IP subnet should be assigned to the
hosts on the wireless LAN including the wireless interfaces of all client
routers and the base unit, one address to each of them. The following
should be considered when setting up default gateways for all client
routers and the bridge.
If the wireless network is connected to your network, i.e., the base
units Ethernet port is connected to your/ISPs network cable, then
the default gateway is that host/router, what is used for your
network. Note that the base unit is a bridge and not a router,
therefore it does not serve as a TCP/IP gateway. See the possible
setup diagram.
If you use one of the wireless routers as a gateway to connect the
wireless network to your/ISPs network, then use the radio
interfaces IP address as the default gateway for all client routers and
the base unit. See the possible setup diagram.
Use traceroute and ping to test how well you have done the TCP/IP
congurations. Read textbooks and RFCs once more if you have
forgotten the basic things about IP networking and routing. But
remember, that nothing will help you to get pings going between two
hosts and further, if you have problems with the radio connection. Its
just like if you have cabling problems, you cannot ping.

Installation Information
Netkrom has been providing specialized equipment and installations
since 1998.
We oer WorldWide Installation and Training Service for the Systems you
purchase at Netkrom.

High-speed
links (up to
300 Mbps).

Requirements:
The network conguration and installation should be planned ahead.
Our technical sta will consult you via e-mail, fax, or over telephone.
Sites should be prepared for installations (place to mount the antenna
and the radio equipment, 110 or 220V power and Ethernet cabling
should be available there).
Customer should cover the following expenses:
Round trip travel cost from Miami - USA to your location.
Accomodation cost during the work.
Entry visa for your Country and other necessary expenses (medical
insurance, vaccination, etc.).

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Wireless
Internet

Service Provider (WISP)

TECHNICAL INFO

We charge $200.- per day and per installer plus travel time from Miami USA (RIX) and back. Usually three days of work are enough to install one
base station and up to three client sites, if the Customer is well prepared
for the installation. Training is provided for your technical sta during the
installations and, if necessary, afterwards.

Applications
WISP applications cover a wide variety of uses ranging from public to
private sectors.
Metropolitan Wi-Fi Network.
Internet service telemarketers.
Multiple users and private residential.
Wi-Fi coverage in large areas.

Benets
Netkroms exceptional benets of wireless can be described as follows:
High Speed Data Links (Up to 300 Mbps).
Fast Installation of the Base Station (one or two days).
Fast Installation for your customers (2 to 6 hours installation per site).
Cost eective access for prolonged use and multiple users.
Reliable and instant 24 hour Internet access.

Solution Diagram
Wi-Fi
Laptop

CPE

Wi-Fi
Smart phone

CPE

CPE

CPE

Multiband
Base Station

CPE

CPE
CPE
CPE

Business Users

Home Users

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