Chapter 4

Q2. When communicating with a geostationary satellite from Earth, the distance between TX
and RX is approximately 35,000 km. Assume that Friis law for free-space loss is applicable
(ignore any effects from the atmosphere) and that stations have parabolic antennas with gains
60 dB (Earth) and 20 dB (satellite), respectively, at the 11-GHz carrier frequency used.
(a) Draw the link budget between transmitted power PTX and received power PRX.
(b) If the satellite RX requires a minimum received power of 120 dBm, what transmit power
is required at the Earth station antenna?

Q3. A system operating at 1 GHz with two 15-m-diameter parabolic antennas at a 90-m
distance
are
to
be
designed.
(a)
Can
Friis
law
be
used
to
calculate
the
received
power?
(b) Calculate the link budget from transmitting antenna input to receiving antenna output
assuming that Friis law is valid. Compare PT X and PRX and comment on the result.
(c) Determine the Rayleigh distance as a function of antenna gain Gpar for a circular
parabolic antenna as in Problem 1. [Q1Antenna gain is usually given in relation to an
isotropic antenna radiating/receiving equally in all directions). It can be shown that the
effective area of such an antenna is Aiso = 2/4. Compute the antenna gain Gpar of a
circular parabolic antenna as a function of its radius r,where the effective area is Ae = 0.55A
and A is the physical area of the opening].

Chapter 4
Q4. A radio system is usually specified in such a way that an RX should be able to handle a
certain amount of Doppler spread in the received signal, without losing too much in
performance. Assume that only the mobile RX is moving and that the maximal Doppler
spread is measured as twice the maximal Doppler shift. Further, assume that you are
designing a mobile communication system that should be able to operate at both 900 MHz
and
1,800
MHz.
(a) If you aim at making the system capable of communicating when the terminal is moving
at 200 km/h, which maximal Doppler spread should it be able to handle?
(b) If you design the system to be able to operate at 200 km/h when using the 900-MHz band
at what maximal speed can you communicate if the 1,800-MHz band is used (assuming the
same Doppler spread is the limitation)?

5. Assume that, at a certain distance, we have a deterministic propagation loss of 127 dB and
large-scale fading, which is log-normally distributed with F = 7 dB.
(a) How large is the outage probability (due to large-scale fading) at that particular distance,
if our system is designed to handle a maximal propagation loss of 135 dB?
(b) Which of the following alternatives can be used to lower the outage probability of our
system, and why are they/are they not possible to use?
(i) Increase the transmit power.
(ii) Decrease the deterministic path loss.
(iii) Change the antennas.
(iv) Lower the F.
(v) Build a better RX.