S c i e n t i f i c

WATER

a n d

SERVICES

Te c h n i c a l
AND

THE

C o n f e r e n c e

NEW

ENERGY

CHALLENGES

TITLE: Scheduling the Pump Operations in Water Supply

Systems Using Optimization Algorithms

AUTHOR: Alexandrescu Simona Adina (Miron), Luca Mihail, Alexandrescu Aurora, Mnescu Andreea

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PUMPS OPERATING COSTS

OPERATING
COSTS

ELECTRIC
ENERGY COSTS

MEINTENANC
E COSTS

OBJECTIVE FUNCTIONS
ELECTRIC
ENERGY COSTS

OBJECTIVE
FUNCTIONS

NUMBER OF
PUMP SWITCHES

CONSTRAINTS
PRESSURE FROM
DEMAND NODES
>0

TOTAL
VOLUME
DEFICIT = 0

SPEA2 ALGORITHM DESCRIPTION

PARAMETER DEFINITION
CREATE THE INITIAL POPULATION
1. Random
2. Use a previous solution

the higher S(i) is, the

better solution i is
the higher R(i) is, the
worse solution i is

EVALUATE THE
OBJECTIVE
FUNCTIONS

CALCULATE THE FITNESS

FUNCTIONS
1. Calculate strength value S(i)
2. Calculate raw fitness R(i)
3. Calculate the density
4. Calculate the fitness function

REPRODUCTION
1. Recombination
2. Mutation

ARCHIVE

SELECTION
from archive through
binary tournament method

CONSTRAINT HANDLING
Invalid solutions are dominated by the valid ones;
When two solutions are invalid, the one with lower
pressure violations dominates the other;
For two solutions, the one with a lower total
volume deficit dominates the other;

If two solutions are feasible and have an equal total

volume deficit, the dominance criteria imposed by
the objective functions is applied.

DESCRIPTION OF THE ALGORITHM

Matlab Algorithm:

Input:
- text file which describes the regional water
supply system;
- initial population size;
- maximum population size;
- maximum archive size;
- maximum number of generations varies
from an execution to another;
- number of parents;
- mutation probability;
- recombination probability;
- individual mutation probability;
- Individual recombination probability.

EPANET_SPEA.m
SPEA2.m
F1.m

Output:
- Pump schedules presented as
binary values that correspond to
each time window.

F2.m

Main elements of the algorithm that determines the

near optimum schedule of pumps

MODELING THE ANALYSED WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

Timisesti Iasi adductions modeled in EPANET

Pacurari and Aurora systems

RESULTS

Results obtained with SPEA2 program for Pacurari pumping system

No. of
execution
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29

Duration

Electric
energy
cost
(RON)

Number of
pump
switches

No. of
pressure
condition
breaking

EPANET
errors

Total
volume
deficit

5H -8M 3S
3H 11M 6S
3H 11M 6S
3H 58M 8S
3H 58M 8S
4H -25M -30S
5H -17M 10S
5H -8M 3S
6H -12M -5S
6H -8M 37S
6H -8M 37S
6H 11M 35S
8H -27M 52S
8H -27M 52S
8H -27M 52S
6H -3M 21S
6H -3M 21S
6H -3M 21S
7H 1M -17S
7H -30M -19S
7H 9M 6S
8H -23M 21S
8H -23M 21S
8H -23M 21S
7H -48M 0S
7H -48M 0S
6H 38M -15S
7H 8M 6S
7H 13M 5S

5570
5189
5666
5795
6363
5662
5511
5570
5357
5357
5744
6017
5777
6146
5589
5605
5533
5565
5489
5428
5489
5421
5420
5404
5403
5276
5253
5118
5118

60
63
70
59
62
54
57
60
57
57
61
56
58
68
57
56
54
55
54
56
54
55
54
54
54
55
55
53
54

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

-20
65
22
22
14
99
43
60
46
46
60
2
-30
1
1
0
3
-2
0
-7
0
0
1
-1
0
-1
-1
-1
0

EPANET results obtained with the pump controls

given by solution number 29

EPANET energy report resulted from functioning of the pumps

controlled by water level from Aurora tanks

Orarele de funcionare a pompelor: rou - pumpPac1-1,

albastru - pumpPac1-2, negru pumpPac2-1, magenta
pumpPac2-2, verde pumpPac2-3

CONCLUSIONS
Time controlled pumps with schedules optimized by SPEA2 algorithm have an
operational cost lower than the one obtained by water level controlled pumps.
In this paper the best pump schedule given by SPEA2 algorithm generates an
operational cost lower with 34 % than the one generated by the water level
controlled pumps.
In order to find good solutions for complex problems like the one presented in
this paper, it is necessary to use either a large number of generations.
The method presented in this paper is a cheap and efficient way to lower the
operational costs.
An important disadvantage of the presented method is that pumps can be turned
on or off only at the start of each hour.