6.2.1 - Civil and Structural Works

Design, Construction, Installation, Testing & Commissioning of Wastewater Treatment Plant
for Phase II Development of Semakau Landfill
6.2.1
CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL WORKS
6.2.1.1
General
This section of the Specification relates to all civil and structural works
required under the Contract. The particular requirements shall
complement the general requirements in Section 6.3.3.
6.2.1.2
Scope of Works
The Scope of Works under this Contract for the Civil & Structural Works
shall include design, procurement, setting out, construction, installation,
testing, commissioning, maintenance and hand over of the civil and
structural works associated with the entire Works as described in this
Specification. The Contractor shall be responsible for the planning and
detailed programming for all the construction activities and his agents,
subcontractors and suppliers.
6.2.1.2.1
Contractors Responsibility for Design and

Regulatory Authority and Technical Departments
Submissions
to
(a)
The scope of works also includes the detailed design and

submission to relevant authorities in accordance with the Building
Control Act for the civil and structural layout of the Wastewater
Treatment Plant and the associated infrastructure works. This
includes the structural designs of all buildings and associated
facilities, the embankment extension from the perimeter bund,
shore protection, silt curtain, the access bridge, roads, drains and
pipework and all relevant authority submissions for Building and
Structural Plans Approvals. The design and construction of the
floating platform is also part of the civil scope but this is specified
in Specification 6.2.2.
(b)
The Contractor shall engage a Professional Engineer registered in

the branch of civil or structural engineering with a practising
certificate under the Professional Engineers Act (Cap.253)
Singapore (PE Singapore) to act as the Qualified Person (QP) for
geotechnical, civil and structural works pertaining to the
permanent works. The Contractors QP shall prepare plans,
submit plans to the relevant authorities and supervise the
structural works. The QP shall engage a Qualified Site Supervisor
(QSS) to supervise the architectural, civil works, underground
building works and structural works respectively. The QSS
(Resident Engineer and/or Resident Technical Officer) is(are)
required to be appointed under Section 10 of the Building Control
Act and shall supervise the structural or geotechnical aspects of
the building works on behalf the QP. Appointment and the cost of
the QP and QSS and all submission fees shall be deemed to be
included in the Contractors price for this Contract.
6.2.1 - 1

(c)
If an Accredited Checker (AC) and/or specialist AC e.g. AC(Geo)

is/are required to check the structural and/or geotechnical aspects
of underground building plans and works, then the cost and
appointment of the AC will be by the Employer.
(d)
In addition to the submissions required for regulatory approval, the

Contractor shall submit the proposed civil and structural layouts
plans, including calculations and any testing reports to the S.O. for
review and approval prior to submission to the Regulatory
Authorities. The Contractor shall allow for coordination meetings
and assistance to the S.O. for any pre-consultation with the
relevant authorities for approval of the works.
(e)
Design and Submission to Fire Safety & Shelter Department

SCDF, FSSD commented that submission to FSSD is not required
in their reply to a pre-consultation for the proposed wastewater
treatment plant on floating platform at Semakau landfill. The
Consultation Reply Letter (dated 11-Jun-2013) is appended to this
Section for the Contractors reference only.
6.2.1.2.2
(f)
It shall be the Contractor and his QPs responsibility to consult

FSSD independently and check whether FSSDs approval is
required for the building plans proposed and prepared by the
Contractors QP. If FSSDs approval is not required for the
building plan prepared by the Contractors QP after consulting
FSSD, basic fire safety equipments shall be provided around the
wastewater treatment plant covered under Specification for
Mechanical works. The Contractor shall make provisions for works
related to fire safety and price in the Contract. There shall be no
additional payment to the Contractor resulting from any
requirements by FSSD to approve the building plans prepared by
the Contractors QP and all related fire safety works to comply
with FSSD requirements including submission(s), fees and
appointment of Registered Inspector(RI) (Arch) and RI(M&E).
(g)
The Semakau Landfill is also occupied by other contractors

throughout the duration of the contract. The Contractor planning
and programming the works should take into consideration the
maintenance and usage of the access for the delivery and refuse
trucks which regularly enter the delivery bays.
Civil and Structural Work Components

The Works involve the design, construction and completion of the
following main buildings, structures and infrastructure works as listed
below and shown on drawings:
(a)
Slope stability and settlement analysis arising from the formation

of embankment extension on existing perimeter bund;
6.2.1 - 2

6.2.1.2.3
(b)
Floating platform to support the Wastewater Treatment plant

(refer to Specification for Floating Platform);
(c)
Access bridge for vehicular access between floating platform and

the perimeter bund;
(d)
Structural support for access bridge which includes A-frame and

wire-rope suspension system or substructure foundation to
support the access bridge on the perimeter bund;
(e)
Mooring support for floating platform (refer to Specification for

Floating Platform);
(f)
Silt curtain and erosion control measures;
(g)
Structural steel roofs over all chemical (Na2S, Polymer, FeCl3,

H2SO4 and NaOH) storage tanks and dosage system;
(h)
Electrical and Control Room and the adjoining Store Room unit;
(i)
All bund walls, sumps, drains and channels required in the

treatment area;
(j)
Steel leg supports, plinths or skids for elevated tanks and

equipment;
(k)
Access staircase and platforms around all tanks;
(l)
Pipe laying works and pipe supports within and around the floating
platform including the discharge pipe between the wastewater
treatment plant and the discharge point into the sea;
(m)
Discharge pipe at sea (pipe exit level to be +0m CD);
(n)
Access platform structure linking to existing bund to the sea for

mounting and maintenance of Level Indicator Transmitter (LIT);
(o)
Access platform structure linking to existing bund to the Phase II

Cell for mounting and maintenance of LIT;
(p)
Protection of the existing shore slope including the geo-membrane

and geo-fabric;
(q)
Road work, traffic signs, ramps and road markings.
Civil Work Responsibility

The works shall include but not limited to:
(a)
Site clearance, including the cutting and removal of any existing

plants and vegetation that is necessary for construction of the new
6.2.1 - 3

structures and infrastructure.

All surplus material shall be
removed from the site and taken to an approved dumping ground.
This site clearance works shall be for the site area and include
the Contractor's work area identified on the Location Plan on the
drawings;
(b)
Earthworks, involving the general excavation and where

necessary backfilling with engineering fill to the proposed platform
levels for buildings, structures and road works, and also removal
of the excavated spoil off the site to approved dumping grounds;
(c)
Earthworks, involving partial removal of the existing shore slope

materials including rocks, geo-membrane and geo-fabric and
where necessary reinstatement with the same materials to the
original slope formation, and also removal of the excavated spoil
off the site to approved dumping grounds;
(d)
Design calculations on the stability of the existing shore slope

affected by the proposed works and the proposed embankment
works shall be carried out by the Contractors QP(Geotechnical)
and reviewed by an Accredited Checker or Specialist Accredited
Checker as required by the Building Control Act;
(e)
Installation of ground monitoring instruments, as prescribed by the

Contractors QP(Geotechnical) and reviewed by an Accredited
Checker or Specialist Accredited Checker as required by the
Building Control Act, for the stability of the shore slope, not limited
to ground settlement markers, inclinometers, tiltmeters etc at
required locations, and including the monitoring of the readings of
the instruments at the specified intervals;
(f)
Design by Contractors QP, an A-frame and wire rope support

system for the access bridge or a foundation system to support
the access bridge on the perimeter bund and the proposed
floating platform;
(g)
Design by Contractors QP, supply and construct all proposed

reinforced concrete substructures and superstructures, including
all necessary incidental earth excavation and backfilling with
approved materials;
(h)
Design by Contractors QP, supply, fabricate and construct all

structural steelworks proposed, including the preparation of the
steel surfaces to receive the specified corrosion protection
system, and application of the corrosion protection system;
(i)

proposed normal grade aluminium works and marine grade
aluminium structural works, including details to isolate aluminium
from other metals which may cause galvanic corrosion to
aluminium. Marine grade aluminium which is submerged in water
shall be coated with specified corrosion protection system after
6.2.1 - 4

preparation of the aluminium surfaces. Where it is impossible to

achieve isolation, sacrificial zinc anodes shall be used;
(j)
Design by Contractors QP, supply and construct all necessary

building works, eg the Electrical and Control Room, including
installation of doors and windows;
(k)
Design by Contractors QP, supply, fabricate and construct of

metal roofing and all necessary metal flashings and connections;
(l)

ancillary structures, such as bund walls, pipe bridge, elevated
platforms around tanks and equipments, elevated vehicular
access platform ramp for pipe(s) laid on deck level, staircases,
ladders, bollards including substructures, vehicular impact
guardrails, skid supports for tanks, railings, frame support with
hoist beam for lifting devices, valve chamber for discharge
pipeline, security gates, height limit barrier including substructure;
(m)
Design by Contractors QP, supply and construct Platform

structures for LIT with minimum 1.0m wide access clearance,
including security gates, hand railings, deck plates or slabs and
foundations, for the mounting and maintenance for Level Indicator
Transmitters (LIT)s;
(n)
Supply and construct miscellaneous reinforced concrete works

associated with the installation of thrust block, anchor blocks, pipe
trench and outfall pipe;
(o)
Design, supply, fabricate and erection of all necessary steel pipe

supports;
(p)
Design, supply, fabricate and installation of steel brackets or

connection plates, connection bolts and welding necessary for the
installation of structural steel works, all aluminium works, ancillary
works and miscellaneous works as described in the previous
items;
(q)
All necessary tests for welding connections in structural steel

works and structural aluminium works using marine grade
aluminium;
(r)
All necessary tests on any protective coatings not limited to paint

as required under the protective coating specifications such that
the manufacturer for the specified protective coating remain
satisfied to warranty the applied protective coating;
(s)
All necessary tests including hydrostatic testing of all water

retaining structures and pipelines;
6.2.1 - 5

(t)
Erosion Control Measure (ECM) plan design by Contractors

QECP, supply and construct all necessary as reflected in the ECM
plan;
(u)
Design by the Contractors QECP, supply, fabricate and install

primary and secondary silt curtains which will form part of the
permanent works on the Phase II Cell. The curtains shall be at
least 50m away from the submersible pumps mounted on the
floating platform;
(v)
All necessary topographical survey and hydrographical survey that

are necessary for the Contractor to carry out his work but not
limited to the area within the site boundary;
(w)
Ground and soil investigation works, including boring works if

required, for the design and the construction of the extended
shore slope by building on existing perimeter bund and the sea
beds on both sides of the perimeter bund etc. that are necessary
for the Contractors QP designs. The Contractor shall note that
dredging works is not allowed;
(x)
Design and construction of road and drainage works necessary for

the temporary site offices during the construction period;
(y)
All regulatory authority submissions, licensing, permit and

certification required to design, construct, transport and position
the floating platform in Semakau Landfill area;
(z)
All designs by Contractors QP and building works which requires

regulatory authority and technical department submissions
approval and Permit including obtaining the Certificate of Statutory
Completion for the structural and building works.
The Contractor shall note in his designs the meteorological ocean

conditions at Semakau Landfill which is covered under the
Specification 6.2.2.3.2 for the Floating Platform. All proposed
structural and miscellaneous elements, including the metal roofs, louver,
building(s), pipe and tank supports, access bridge, platform structure for
LIT, silt curtain, connections etc., shall be adequately designed in
strength, stability and durability against the environmental forces that the
elements will be reasonably exposed to.
6.2.1.3
Method Statements and Submissions

(a)
The Contractor shall submit detailed method statements, design

calculations and other supporting documents to the S.O. for areas
of critical work. The requirement for these method statements is
detailed in the Specification and is summarised in the list below.
The S.O. may also request additional method statements or
supporting documents on any aspect of the Works where further
clarification is required. The Contractor shall provide these for
6.2.1 - 6

approval in good time before the relevant construction work

begins. Approval of a method statement by the S.O. will in no way
relieve the Contractor of responsibility for the successful
completion and functionality of the Works in compliance with the
Specification. There shall be no additional cost to the Employer
due to the Contractor providing additional method statements or
supporting documents.
(b)
Summary of method statements and supporting documents

required:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
(12)
(13)
(14)
(15)
(16)
(17)
(18)
(19)
Details of reclamation work and formation of embankment/

perimeter bund extension including details of fill, geofabric
layer and rocks;
Details of types and models of earth moving equipments to
be deployed on site;
Details of any demolition/rock removal works and
impact/mitigation measures to ensure integrity of existing
shore slope;
Details of proposed shore slope protection;
Details on the sources of supply for Earthworks;
Details of topographical and hydrographical surveys;
Details, stability and structural calculations for design of
floating platform (covered under Particular Specification
6.2.2);
Details and structural calculations for marine grade
aluminium access bridge between floating platform and
embankment/ perimeter bund;
Details and structural calculations for mooring system for
floating platform;
Setting out;
Details and structural calculations for structural steel roofs
over all chemical storage tanks and dosage systems,
including fabrication details and steel connection details;
Details of proposed metal roofing systems, flashings,
including all connection details;
Details of FRP protection coating for chemical bunds
containing respective type chemical storage tanks;
Details of epoxy coating for bund containing generators
and fuel tanks;
Details and structural calculations for pipe bridge(s);
Detail layout plans and structural calculations for all
elevated platforms around equipments, tanks etc including
access/exit locations, staircases, floor plates or mesh and
handrails;
Concrete mix design ;
Details of architectural design and structural designs
including drawings and structural calculations for the
electrical and control room and adjoining store room unit;
Details of steel frames or skid support for respective tanks
and equipment (eg. pumps);
6.2.1 - 7

(20)
(21)
(22)
(23)
(24)
(25)
(26)
(27)
(28)
(29)
(30)
(31)
(32)
(33)
(34)
(35)
(36)
(37)
(38)
(39)
(40)
(41)
Details and structural calculations for steel frames

supporting monorail beams and hoists;
Details for the installation and testing of all lifting devices,
including the loads to be imposed on the structural steel
roofs;
Details of steel supports and thrust restraints for piping;
Details and design calculations for elevated platforms and
walkways;
aluminium chequered plate ramp;
Details and structural calculations for vehicle bollards and
vehicular impact guardrails;
Details and structural calculations for anodised aluminium
railings;
Details and structural calculations for reinforced concrete
block or steel structures on the perimeter bund to support
the access bridge;
Details of security gate at access bridge;
Details of height barrier structure with suspended height
clearance bar and height limit sign;
Details of the discharge pipeline from the wastewater
treatment plant to the sea;
Details and structural calculations for pipe supports for
discharge pipeline and other pipelines along the edge of
floating platform;
Details of valve chamber(s) for discharge pipeline;
Details and structural calculations for pipe supports along
access bridge;
Details and calculations for trenching works or temporary
slope formation along the embankment and perimeter
bund, including any reinstatement of any existing rocks ,
existing geo-membrane, existing geo-fabric and existing
subgrade at the turfing and cart track;
Details of concrete cover all surround to discharge pipe
along embankment or perimeter bund surface;
Details of anchor blocks with stainless steel saddles for
discharge pipe submerged in water;
Details and calculations for outfall structure connected to
the discharge pipe at the sea;
aluminium Platform structures for the mounting and
maintenance of Level Indicator Transmitters (LIT)s
secured in stainless steel box;
Details and structural calculations for concrete anchor
block for Platform structure for LIT;
Proposed location of off-site disposal point for surplus or
unsuitable material including supporting documentation for
licensed disposal;
Detail plans and calculations by QECP for Erosion Control
Measures;
6.2.1 - 8

(42)
(43)
(44)
(45)
(46)
(47)
(48)
(49)
(50)
(51)
6.2.1.4
Detail plans, calculations by QECP and execution plans for

the installation of silt curtain around the floating platform
for long-term use;
Details for all painting and protective coatings for
structures;
Details for all painting, protective coatings and other
protection measures (eg. sacrificial anodes) to the external
hull of floating platform;
Details of anti-slip paint if the deck for the floating platform
is constructed of steel;
Details of road or lane marking and road signs on floating
platform deck;
Details of signages specific to respective equipments,
tanks, electrical and control room, safe working load
(SWL) for all lifting hoists, warning, danger signs, exit
signs, allowable imposed load (and vehicle tonnage) on
access bridge; allowable imposed loading on floating
platform, roofs and Platform structures for LIT respectively,
height limit signs, speed limit signs;
Protection of existing underground services within the
proposed location of the works;
Diversion and laying of services affected by proposed
works within the proposed site;
Construction of all civil and structural works including
reinforced concrete and steel structural buildings and
elements as shown on Drawings;
Casting and installation of precast concrete structural
elements if any, including full shop drawings;
Concrete Finishes and Protective Coatings for Concrete Surfaces

(a)
The paint specialist shall propose painting specifications specific

to the material and against the environmental condition that the
material will be subjected to. A warranty period of at least 05 years
for the proposed painting and protective coating shall be provided
by the paint specialist and manufacturer to the Employer.
(b)
The Contractor may design and construct the Electrical and

Control Room with the adjoining Store Room with concrete and
masonry. The table below indicates the finishes for the Electrical
and Control Room where a protective coating or decorative finish
is required.
6.2.1 - 9

Structure
Electrical
and
Control
Room;
Store
Room
Exposed
External
Wall Finish
Block
wall
plastered
and painted
to
the
approved
painting
system
proposed by
paint
specialist.
Internal
Wall Faces
Top of Slab
Underside
Top of Roof
of Soffit or
Slab
ceiling
Block
wall U1 concrete F3 Finish. No Cement
plastered
finish
with protective
screed
to
and painted hardener and coating
to fall.
to
the dust-proofer
underside of
approved
for floor.
roof slab.
painting
system
proposed by
paint
specialist.
*Note: Requirements for U1 concrete finishes are described in detail under Section
6.3.3.2.5.23; and F3 formwork finishes are described in detail under Section
6.3.3.2.10.5.
(c)
Protective coating for floating platform deck, if proposed to be

constructed from concrete shall be brushed and anti-slip finished.
(d)
For the chemical and fuel bund areas as shown in drawings, the
paint specialist shall propose an appropriate painting or coating
protection system for the concrete deck and the bund walls
against corrosion from the respective types of chemical or fuel that
the bund is designed to contain. If metal lining is proposed to
protect the deck and the bund walls against corrosion from the
chemical or fuel, the Contractor shall verify to the S.O. that the
proposed type of lining will be inert to the chemical or fuel that the
bund is designed to contain and that the thickness of the lining is
sufficient against any mechanical damage or tear. Road lanes and
markings on the floating platform deck shall be applied with
thermoplastic paint on top of the proposed coating system for the
deck; the colour of the road lane shall be standard white otherwise
shall be a contrasting colour with the finished deck. Specification
for all proposed painting, protection system or lining shall come
with test certifications by SAC-SINGLAS approved laboratory to
show the effectiveness of the protection system against corrosion.
Accessible areas around the bunds shall ensure that the floor
remain anti-slip after painting, coating, lining is applied otherwise
provide alternative design for access within the bund.
(e)
All costs to design, testing, supply and application for the

proposed painting, protection system or lining shall be deemed to
be included in the Contract Sum and shall not subject to an
additional payment to the Contractor.
6.2.1 - 10

6.2.1.5
Paint Finishes and Protective Coatings for Structural Steelwork

Surfaces
(a)
Protective and decorative finishes to structural steel works on the

floating platform shall be proposed by paint specialists such that
the service life of the applied coatings system is optimised to the
operation requirements of the wastewater treatment plant and the
floating platform subjected to harsh marine environment. The
painting and protective coating specification as indicated in this
Section is for reference. The paint specialist shall propose painting
specifications specific to the material and against the
environmental condition that the material will be subjected to. A
warranty period of at least 05 years for the proposed painting and
protective coating shall be provided by the paint specialist and
manufacturer to the S.O.
(b)
All structural steel not submerged below water shall be factory

blast cleaned and blast primed to System 18 as summarised
under Table 6.1.12.4 of the General Specification 6.1.12 and
comply to the painting specification proposed by the paint
specialist. Final colour coat shall be decided by the S.O.
(c)
For the floating platform deck, if it is proposed to be constructed

from steel plates, these shall be applied with non-skid epoxy
coating systems that will be durable when applied to the surface
preparation. The proposed coating system for the deck shall have
adequate skid-resistance properties for vehicular movements. If
required, damaged deck plating and fittings shall be descaled and
touched up or coated as necessary based on the approved
painting specification by the paint specialist. For the chemical and
fuel bund areas, the paint specialist shall propose an appropriate
painting or coating protection system for the steel deck and the
bund walls against corrosion from the respective types of chemical
or fuel that the bund is designed to contain.
(d)
Road lanes and markings on the floating platform deck shall be

applied using thermoplastic paint on top of the proposed coating
system for the deck; the colour of the road lane shall be standard
white otherwise shall be a contrasting colour with the finished
deck.
(e)
Specification for the proposed painting and protection system shall

come with test certifications by SAC-SINGLAS approved
laboratory to show the effectiveness of the protection system
against corrosion. All costs associated with the design, testing,
supply and application for the proposed painting, protection
system or lining shall be deemed to be included in the Contract
Sum and shall not subject to an additional payment to the
Contractor.
6.2.1 - 11

6.2.1.6
Schedule of Doors and Windows

(a)
No.
1
6.2.1.7
Provision of doors and windows shall be as follows complete with

all necessary fixtures and accessories such as door closers, locks
and etc.:
Location
Electrical and
Control Room ;
Store Room
Window
Aluminium fixed
window frame
External Door
Aluminium solid
door completed with
powder coated
finishes. Colour to
be approved by
S.O.
(b)
Contractor shall design and propose the doors and windows

including its fixtures and accessories to S.O.s approval.
(c)
Except for the doors, the Contractor shall provide and install all
windows, vents and any openings at the Electrical Control Room
and Store Room with insect screens or nettings with nominal
mesh size not larger than 2mmx2mm. The insect screen shall be
of high density polyethylene, UV stabilised, chemical and rot
resistant. The Contractor shall detail the mounting details for the
insect screen with the proposed openings for S.O.s approval
before installation.
Access Bridge and Vehicular Access on Floating Platform

(a)
The access bridge for vehicular access shall be adequate to allow

for weight and movement of a 10-tonne (unladen weight plus load)
rigid vehicle with a wheelbase not more than 5 metre long (not
articulated) to all access points without having to leave the
roadway surface.
(b)
The Contractor may propose the most feasible and economical

design for the structure(s) to support the access bridge for
vehicular access between the floating platform and the perimeter
bund. The Contractors QP design shall include all necessary
checks including the slope stability of the existing perimeter bund
and obtain the approval from BCA and the project consultant
accountable for the existing perimeter bund. Structures that are
proposed to be constructed on the perimeter bund must not
exceed the allowable surcharge load on the perimeter bund.
Structures and substructures that provide vehicular access from
the existing perimeter bund to the floating platform must be
designed to take 10 tonne rigid vehicle load (see also Pipe
Trenches in this Specification), or construction loads at least
2
20kN/m whichever is more critical. All fees associated with
statutory submissions shall be allowed for in the Contract Sum.
6.2.1 - 12

(c)
The access bridge linking the floating platform and the perimeter
bund shall be designed with a hinge to allow for necessary rotation
and movements due to the change in water levels within the
Phase II Cell. The Contractor shall take into consideration that
during the construction stage, the water level will fluctuate in
accordance to the high and low tide levels. The existing seaward
entrance into the Phase II Cell through the gap in the bund shall
be closed by others as part of a separate Contract. Once the
seaward entrance is closed the, water level may be at its lowest
before the trapped water in the Phase II Cell side is allowed to rise
between 1.5m to 2.5m CD. The Contractor shall make provision in
their design for situation of abnormally intense rain storm
condition, so that the access bridge may rotate and translate with
no damage to the access bridge structure and the services (eg.
discharge pipe) mounted on the bridge. The design of the access
bridge shall also allow some lateral movements due to possible
horizontal movement of the floating platform.
(d)
The support system for the access bridge shall be designed by the
Contractors QP, including all necessary ground investigation to
verify that the allowable bearing capacity of the existing perimeter
bund is adequate to accommodate all design (including dead and
imposed) loadings from the proposed bridge.
(e)
The Works shall be carried out in accordance with Singapore

Codes of practices, Standards, Regulations and Statutory
requirements.
(f)
Vehicular access lane with marking shall be provided on the

floating platform deck level and the width of the lane shall not be
smaller than 4.5m. Speed limit (15kph) and vehicle max laden
weight signages shall be mounted at the height barrier structure
located at the entrance of the access bridge to WWTP and
selected areas within the WWTP premises. Painting and coating
system for lane marking to be applied on the floating platform
deck shall be proposed by paint specialist in accordance to this
Specification and the Specification for Painting and Protective
Coating under 6.1.12. The lane shall not have any form of fixtures
that may obstruct vehicular movements.
(g)
The Contractor shall provide and construct road barriers (including

vehicle impact guardrails and bollards) to the requirements of LTA
standards drawing Nos. LTA/RD/SD99/VIG/1A and 2A,
LTA/RD/SD99/BOL/2A. Vehicular impact guardrail shall be
provided along both sides of the access bridge. In additional,
vehicle impact guardrails shall also be provided along the
periphery of the floating platform adjacent to vehicular access lane
on the floating platform and these guardrails shall be modified
from the LTA standard drawings with two numbers of rails such
that the top rails is at least 1.100m high from the deck level. In
other areas, the side of the vehicular access lane shall be lined
with bollards spaced not more than 3.0m apart and around the
6.2.1 - 13

corners of structural columns that are exposed to vehicle impact.

Bollards on the floating platform shall be designed to be
removable type and the exterior of the bollards covered by
fluorescent yellow micro-prismatic retro-reflective sheeting with
black arrows. The Contractors QP shall design the road barriers
including the connections to the ground or deck in compliance to
BS 6399-1 for a minimum design speed limit of 60kph and
withstand a vehicle mass of 10tonnes.
(h)
6.2.1.8
Pipe racks or pipe-bridges maybe required within the treatment

area at vehicular access lane crossings. Where pipe racks or
pipe-bridges are necessary they shall be designed to have a
minimum clear height above the road of 4.0m. In addition to
protect the pipe rack from accidental damage from tall vehicles,
the Contractors QP shall propose and design a 4.0m (clear)
height restriction barrier erected along the vehicular access lane
before any vehicle crosses below the pipe rack. The barrier shall
be erected away from the pipe rack by at least 5.0m along the
centreline of the vehicular access lane.
Access Platform
Access platform shall be provided to all structures, pipework valve,
flowmeter, doors and any other access points. If the access points to all
structures, pipework valve, flowmeter, doors and any other access points
is obstructed by supported pipelines (or the access point is elevated) by
more than 0.5m above the floating platform deck level, an access platform
with staircase shall be provided. If the access platform is elevated by
more than 600mm, safety handrails shall be provided on both sides of the
access platform. The surfaces of the access and the access platforms,
including staircases shall be non-skid. The Contractor shall propose and
submit an access plan around the WWTP with details of the location of
steps and demonstrate sufficient maintenance access to the S.O. for
approval.
6.2.1.9
Surface Drainage (Platform Deck)

(a)
The Contractor shall design and construct the deck of the floating
platform such that water does not accumulate and allow for
draining of any rainwater back into the Phase II Cell or the Sea.
The Contractor shall in their design, anticipate accidental spillage
and washing during the re-filling of the chemicals and fuels. All
containment bunds, chemical and fuel loading bays shall contain a
sump.
(b)
Drainage designs and works outside the floating platform,

including drainage for proposed temporary structures, shall be
executed in accordance with the Standard Specification for
Drainage Works of the Drainage Department, Public Utilities
Board Singapore.
6.2.1 - 14

6.2.1.10
Setting Out Of Works

(a)
The Contractor shall in their plan, set out buildings and structures
with a structure grid system. The structure grids shall be
referenced to the Survey 21 System.
(b)
Unless otherwise further advised by the S.O., the setting out point
for the junction between the centreline of the proposed access
road to the wastewater treatment plant and the South eastern side
of the existing perimeter bund crest shall be N19397.422,
E21311.659.
(c)
for the junction between the centreline of the proposed Platform
structure for LIT (Phase II Cell side) and the South eastern side of
the existing perimeter bund crest shall be N19459.338,
E21375.160.
(d)
for the junction between the centreline of the proposed Platform
structure for LIT (Sea side) and the South eastern side of the
existing perimeter bund crest shall be N19445.490, E21388.316.
(e)
The Contractor shall engage their Registered Surveyor to conduct

all topographical and hydrographical surveys necessary for their
design and site works. Survey plans endorsed by registered
surveyor shall be submitted to the S.O. for their records.
(f)
The Contractor shall confirm all relevant setting out points on site
with the S.O. prior to commencing work.
6.2.1.11
Earthworks
6.2.1.11.1
Backfilling Works and Shoring System for Excavations

(a)
The Works may require excavations to be carried out for the

laying pipeline(s) and its ancillary structures. In advance of
undertaking any such excavation in excess of 1.5 metres depth
the Contractor shall submit a detailed method statement to the
S.O. for approval to indicate the proposed method for supporting
the excavation. The detailed method statement shall include
Drawings and calculations certified by his QP.
(b)
For excavations in excess of 1.5 metres in depth the Contractor is

required to comply with statutory regulations for monitoring the
stability of the excavation and temporary works and provide the
S.O. with weekly field data and monthly reports.
6.2.1 - 15

6.2.1.11.2
(c)
The Contractor may consider extending the existing sloped bund

on the Phase II Cell side to shorten the span of the proposed
access bridge between the floating platform and the bund. If
backfilling is required to form a new slope over the existing shore
slope, the Contractor's attention is drawn to the existing geomembrane and geo-fabric at the bund which should remain
undamaged by the Contractors proposed works. The Contractors
QP or QP (Geotechnical) shall also note that there is also a layer
of clay that has been built up on the top surface of the bund. The
Contractors QP shall propose a detailed method statement,
including drawings and calculations certified by the QP, and
submit to the S.O. and project consultant for the bund wall for
comments and approval. All necessary earthworks, including
supply of equipments, machineries, supply and install of backfill
materials and geo-textiles, the construction of the embankment
extension from the perimeter bund shall be deemed to be included
in the Contract Sum. The Contractor shall submit detail plans,
calculations and method statement endorsed by the Contractors
QP or QP (Geotechnical) for S.O. and the project consultant for
the existing Bund for approval.
(d)
The Contractor is required to carry out a precondition survey in the

vicinity of the proposed work and submit a report to the S.O..
(e)
In addition to the monitoring of any existing defects, the

Contractors QP shall propose and submit a plan to monitor the
stability of the existing shore slope and the stability of the
proposed bund extension to the proposed access bridge. It shall
be the Contractors QPs responsibility to supervise all the
earthworks and ensure the integrity and stability of the existing
perimeter bund including the existing shore slope or bund during
excavation or backfilling work.
(f)
The Contractor shall allow for in his pricing, the professional

service for design, submissions and supervision of the earthworks,
including all necessary monitoring instrumentation as required by
the Contractors QP. The QP may include services from the QP
(Geotechnical) as and when required by the Building Control Act
and Regulations.
General Clearance
(a)
The depth of top surface earth or rocks at the perimeter bund,

proposed to be stripped shall be estimated and be a minimum of
150mm. The Contractor shall verify the actual depth of topsoil by
further investigation and shall agree the actual depth to be
stripped with the S.O. All stripped earth or rocks should be stored
on the site and reused as directed by the S.O.
(b)
Ground services are not expected around the proposed site or

bund connecting to the wastewater treatment plant. However it is
6.2.1 - 16

the Contractors responsibility to conduct their site investigation to

satisfy themselves that their work will not affect any existing
ground services or any structures or substructures. The
Contractor shall inform the S.O.s any structures or buried
services they locate during their investigation.
6.2.1.11.3
(c)
The Contractor shall propose design platform levels for the backfill
slopes and any structures to be erected and submit their drawings
to the S.O. for comments. The Contractor shall clear and grade
the area, taking into consideration the stability of existing shore
slopes, new formation of the proposed slope after backfill and the
erosion control measures as stipulated in this specification.
(d)
The Contractor shall clear the areas indicated on the drawings for
site storage and site offices. The Contractor shall clear all areas
necessary for the proposed Works and locate within the proposed
works fence line. The Contractor shall cut the weeds and re-grown
shrubs to the cleared areas every month throughout the Contract
Period.
(e)
The Contractor may clear additional areas within the site boundary
of the works that are required for access, storage or
administration only with approval from the S.O. The Contractor
shall submit to the S.O. a scale plan with suitable setting out
dimensions indicating the extent of their proposed general
clearance prior to starting any clearance works.
(f)
The Contractor is to ensure that his clearance work does not

disturb any permanent or temporary survey markers or pegs that
mark out the site boundary. Should any marker be disturbed then
the Contractor will be responsible for engaging a registered
surveyor to reinstate the marker at his own cost.
Protection of Sloped Areas during Construction

The Contractor shall take suitable measures to prevent excessive erosion
of the existing perimeter bund. The Contractor shall submit to the S.O.
detailed plans and a method statement to show how they intend to protect
the slopes during the Works. The Contractor may engage a QP or QP
(Geotechnical) and AC (Geotechnical) as required by the Building Control
Act and Regulations to endorse on the detailed plans and method
statement. The Contractor shall be responsible for reinstating the slope
with the same type of earth materials that is affected and/or lost by
erosion.
6.2.1 - 17

6.2.1.11.4
Earth Control Measures
6.2.1.11.4.1
Erosion and Silt Control Measures

(a)
The Contractor shall be responsible for any erosion, siltation

anywhere, which is ascertained to be caused directly or indirectly
by his work. The Contractor shall take necessary measures to
prevent silt being washed into public drains, waterways, reservoirs
and abstraction ponds by implementing an Earth Control Measure
(ECM) for the construction site where necessary.
(b)
The Contractor shall obtain an approval from the regulatory

authority before the commencement of any earthwork.
(c)
The Contractor shall be responsible for preventing silt from being

washed into public drains by implementing effective Earth Control
Measures (ECM) for the construction site to meet the
requirements under the latest Sewerage and Drainage Act Cap
294. (Information on ECM requirements can be found in the Code
of Practice on Surface Water Drainage and the website
www.pub.gov.sg/ECM). The Contractor shall note that the ECM is
for the containment and treatment of silty discharges due to the
impact of rainwater. ECM is not meant for the treatment of
wastewater due to construction activities (such as slurry from
tunnelling, pipe-jacking and bore-piling works) which shall be
treated to comply with the requirements under Environmental
Pollution Control Act (Chapter 94A).
(d)
In his tender submission, the Contractor shall submit his

schematic ECM plans of the construction site for the whole
duration of the Contract period taking into account the different
phases of construction activities. He shall also provide the name
of the Qualified Erosion Control Professional (QECP) who will be
endorsing the ECM plan after the tender is awarded. These
schematic ECM plans shall make the Contractor aware of the
ECM requirements and the cost to implement an effective ECM.
Notwithstanding the submission of these schematic ECM plans,
the Contractor shall deem to have separately priced for the ECM
in the Contract sum.
(e)
Before construction works commence on site, the Contractor shall

engage a QECP to plan and design the ECM, and he shall install
the ECM according to the QECP's design. The ECM plan and
design shall be submitted one (1) week after the award of the
Contract. During the course of the construction works, the
Contractor together with his QECP shall review the ECM proposal
regularly to meet the changing needs of the construction activities.
The Contractor shall improve the ECM as advised by his QECP.
The planning and design of the ECM shall meet the minimum
requirements stipulated and in accordance to the Code of Practice
on Surface Water Drainage.
6.2.1 - 18

(f)
The Contractor shall maintain the ECM for the whole duration of
the Contract to ensure that it is effective at all times. Proper
records detailing the maintenance works, supported by dated
photographs, shall be kept by the Contractor for verification.
(g)
The Contractor shall not remove the ECM until all works are
completed and upon the advice of his QECP.
(h)
The Contractor shall submit the ECM proposal duly endorsed by

his QECP to the regulatory authority or agency relevant for the
works for records. The proposed ECM shall consist of the
following three parts:
(i)
Project Particulars
The following information shall be provided under the
Project Particulars:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(ii)
(i)
Erosion Control Plan(s) and Sediment Control Plan(s)
During construction, the Contractor shall minimize the formation of

bare surfaces under the ECM's Erosion Control Plan. The Plan
shall depict graphically the activities, including sequence of work,
type and duration for each phase of construction activities to
include the following measures to:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(j)
Project description
Name and address of site occupier;
Site area and Contract period;
Location map and site plan.
Sequence and schedule of the earthworks and demolition

works in stages and progressively with the subsequent
construction activities and building works.
minimise site disturbance by keeping site clearance works
to a minimum by retaining as much of the existing
vegetation as possible.
pave up the bare surfaces and all construction access by
concrete or milled waste or other suitable materials.
protect the bare slopes with close-turfing, concrete
grouting, canvas or erosion control blanket.
protect the earth stockpiles with canvas or erosion control
blanket.
restore ground cover over disturbed areas, which are or
have become bare, as soon as possible.
The Contractor shall put in place the ECM's Sediment Control

Plan, which aims to capture the sediments washed down from the
construction sites. Some of these sediment control measures and
facilities, which must be in place before the works start, shall
include but not limited to the following:
6.2.1 - 19

(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
concrete-lined cut-off drains (minimum C7 precast

channel) along the perimeter of the construction sites.
silt fence properly installed and embedded onto the ground
along the perimeter cut-off drains (between the
construction site and the cut-off drain).
sedimentation basins or any other sediment filtering or
settling system of adequate size and sufficient numbers
along the perimeter cut-off drain and before the discharge
points into public drain.
a treatment system to be provided before the discharge
points into public drain. A storage basin / tank may be
required to capture the runoff before treatment.
turbidity curtains shall be installed along all the exposed
slopes / riverbanks for works in or adjacent to water
bodies, such as canals, rivers, sea or in a reclamation
work. The silty discharge trapped within the turbidity
curtain shall be allowed to be settled or treated.
(k)
The QECP shall submit full basis of design back up with design
calculations to show clearly how the perimeter cut-off drains, silt
fence, sedimentation basins and storage basin / tank are designed
and sized as well as how such design will effectively filter off silt
and allow only clean water to discharge into public drains. The
QECP shall also submit the design specifications on the treatment
system which can effectively treat the silty discharge from the
construction site. The intensity of a one-in-two year storm should
be adopted for the proposed design.
(l)
Not withstanding the above specifications, the following

requirements must be taken into considered by the QECP in the
preparation of the Erosion and Sediment Control Plans.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
The entire site office area shall be concrete paved.

All temporary access for vehicles and plants i.e. cranes,
excavators etc. must be properly constructed. The access
may be formed with well-compacted hardcore blinded with
sand and concrete paved or covered with milled waste.
Wheel washing facility shall be provided at exits form the
worksite and the wash water treated.
All earth slopes and erodible surfaces adjacent to the
worksite shall be concrete lined or covered with erosion
control blanket or close turfing.
During trench excavation, the maximum length of trench
opened should not exceed 50m. Any excavated materials
stock pile on site must be covered with canvas sheet. If the
stock pile has to be left on site for more than 3 days, a silt
fence must also be constructed around the stock pile to
retain any silty water that may leach out when rain falls. At
the end of each work day, both backfilled and open
trenches must be covered by canvas sheets firmly pegged
to the ground. The backfilled trenches must remain
covered until the completion of turfing/ reinstatement work.
6.2.1 - 20

(v)
(vi)
(vii)
6.2.1.11.4.2
If the earth stock pile is to be left on site for more than

three (3) weeks, it shall be covered up with erosion control
blankets or close turfing.
At every 50m length of cut-off drain (or part there-of), one
standard silt trap shall be provided. The standard silt trap
or approved equivalent shall be of size 1m wide x 2m
length x 1.5m depth with suitable graded stones and
geotextile or equivalent (as shown in Drawing No. 9 of
Code of Practice on Surface water Drainage and polymer
blocks shall be used to aid in the silt settlement before the
water is discharged.
After any rain event, the silty water pumped from the
trenches, shafts, sedimentation ponds, within the siltfenced areas, etc must not discharge into the open drain.
Instead it should be stored in portable tanks for treatment
by silty water treatment unit or transported to designated
water treatment plant for treatment to meet the discharge
standard.
The above requirements are deemed to be included in the
items for the implementation and maintenance of Erosion
and Sediment Control Plans. The Contractors are advised
to price adequately for these items.
Silt Curtains
Silt curtains or turbidity curtains are to be installed on impounded waters
on the Phase II Cell side and in specified locations on the seaward side.
The silt curtains located within the Phase II Cell shall be permanent or
provided on a long term basis around the floating platform such that
amount of silt suspended in the impounded water will be reduced when
pumped into wastewater treatment plant. Silt curtains installed in the
Phase II Cell shall cover the area around the floating platform (or
WWTP). The silt curtains shall be at least 25m away from the
submersible pumps mounted on floating platform and the bottom edge of
the silt curtains extended down to the Phase II Cell-bed.
Upon operation for the WWTP, two numbers (primary and secondary) silt
curtains shall be provided and adequately spaced apart to QECP,
specialist and/or manufacturers recommendation. The primary silt curtain
must be feasible to be replaced while the secondary silt curtain remains in
place to prevent any silt from infiltrating into the waters around the
WWTP floating platform when the primary silt curtain is removed and
changed The Contractors specialist shall design the curtain to be easily
changed and minimise the needs for divers to operate in the
contaminated waters. The Contractor shall submit a Method Statement on
the maintenance and changing of the silt curtains for S.O.s approval.
Silt curtains for the construction of the Platform structure for LIT (Sea
side) shall comply the requirements as stated in the ECM plan as design
by the QECP highlighted for Erosion and Silt Control Measures in this
Specification.
6.2.1 - 21

All silt curtains shall be adequately designed by the QECP and the
specialists or manufacturer.
(a)
Works in General
(i)
The works including the design, fabrication, and

installation of the primary and secondary turbidity curtains
shall ensure that the turbidity of water in the water bodies
around the works shall not exceed the pre-existing
levels or 50mg/l whichever is greater.
(ii)
The works in this Specification consists of all

construction operations relating to the turbidity curtain.
These construction operations include, but are not
necessarily limited to the following:
(1)
Design, manufacture, install and maintain primary

and secondary turbidity curtain(s) around the
areas of marine construction, either across the
water body to enclose the entire work area, or
individual curtains within /around /along the water
body to enclose work areas.
(2)
Curtain(s)
shall remain
in place
during
excavation, installation of piles, foundations etc
and backfilling works. The Contractor shall
maintain the curtain(s) in good working condition
for the duration of construction works. The
turbidity curtain(s) shall not be removed until all
operations have been completed and the water
quality within the confines of the turbidity curtain
meets the prescribed standards. The contractor
shall install as many turbidity curtains as are
necessary to meet the water quality standards.
(3)
The primary and secondary curtain(s) shall be

installed to meet the requirements of these
specifications.
(iii)
The purpose of the curtain is to minimise the transport of

turbidity and other constituents generated by construction
activities in the water body.
(iv)
The turbidity curtain system shall provide sufficient

residence time to allow soil particles to fall out of
suspension, reduce turbidity and meet the water quality
standards.
(v)
The Contractor shall install secondary curtain(s) and take

turbidity measurements at specified distances from the
edge of each outermost installed curtain.
6.2.1 - 22

(b)
(vi)
The Contractor shall develop a plan to monitor the turbidity

through the water column at three distances from the edge
of each outermost installed turbidity curtain. Make initial
measurements at a distance of 30m, 60m and 100m from
the edge of the primary curtain with turbidity measured at
four depths in the water column, then adjust distance and
depth as appropriate based on the direction of the plume,
plume velocity and the change in turbidity with distance
from the work area. Initial measurement shall be made
three times a week.
(vii)
The Contractor QECP shall have the approved design of

the secondary curtain(s) available before earthworks
commence and/or after the floating platform is positioned
in Semakau Landfill. Each area shall be surrounded by a
primary and secondary curtains adequately spaced apart.
Such requirements shall be met before construction
activities begin.
Curtain Fabric
(i)
Primary and Secondary Turbidity Curtain: The curtain shall

be a combination of permeable or impermeable materials.
The curtain heavy weight, flexible, nylon-reinforced,
polypropylene filter fabric, or flexible nylon reinforced
thermoplastic as necessary to control turbidity created
during construction, sewn into panels, hemmed and edges
finished to prevent ravelling.
(ii)
Connectors and Tensioned Load line: the curtain shall be

provided with appropriate galvanised steel snap hooks and
rings for connecting load lines.
(iii)
Flotation: The Contractor shall provide a sufficient number

of expanded polystyrene floats or equivalent, sufficient to
keep the top of the curtain above the water surface with a
minimum of 150mm of freeboard at all times or at least half
of the floats to be above water at all times, whichever is the
larger.
(iv)
Ballast and anchorage: Each curtain shall be equipped

with a galvanised steel chain integrated into the bottom of
the fabric to keep the curtain vertical and in contact with
bottom of the waterbody. Each curtain shall also be
anchored to the water bed to prevent excessive
displacement from wind, waves and currents. The ballast,
anchorage and floatation shall be designed by the curtain
manufacturer for the wind and wave conditions, bottom
profile and changes in water level. Anchors shall be
spaced as necessary to secure each curtain and keep it
stable in all conditions. Anchorage and/or floatation shall
6.2.1 - 23

be designed to keep the top of each curtain above the

water surface when subjected to wind or wave forces. The
Contractor shall also design, provide and install shore
anchoring where each curtain is attached to the shoreline.
The Contractor shall also design, provide and install
marine anchorage as necessary to secure each curtain.
(v)
(c)
Load Line: The Contractor shall fit the curtain(s) with

galvanised wire rope with vinyl coating of sufficient
strength to resist all internal and external loadings.
Execution
(i)
Pre-installation profile: Prior to manufacturing the

curtain(s), the Contractor shall develop a profile of the
water body bed for each curtain location through his
survey. The curtain manufacturer shall use this information
to dimension the curtain(s) with allowances for water level
changes.
(ii)
Curtain design: The curtain systems shall consist of a

primary impermeable or permeable curtain, plus secondary
curtain(s) as necessary to meet water quality standards
required by the approving authority or agency. Each
primary curtain shall have an impervious or permeable
section of sufficient depth. The Contractor shall have his
specialist or supplier to design each curtain to suit the
environment that the silt curtains will be subjected in. The
curtain system design shall consider all parameters related
to temperature, wind, wave and current conditions at the
project site as well as the anticipated varying water levels.
(iii)
Curtain fabrication: Each curtain shall be manufactured or

supplied by a specialty subcontractor with experience in
turbidity curtain design and fabrication. Project references
from the Contractors specialty subcontractor for turbidity
curtain will be required to be submitted to the S.O. for his
reference. The curtain as designed shall be able to
accommodate expected water level variations. If
necessary, each curtain shall be provided with additional
longitudinal panels that can be added when the water level
rises and with removable panels that can be pulled out
when the water levels drops. The design should make
provision for movement of equipment or material though
the curtains as may be required for operation.
(iv)
Primary curtain installation: The exact locations shall

provide sufficient working space compatible with the
construction methods and also within the work limits of the
contract. The primary curtain shall be installed before the
commencement of any works in and around the water. The
deployment of the curtains shall be in conformance with
6.2.1 - 24

the manufacturers recommendations which shall be

submitted to the S.O.
(d)
(v)
Secondary curtain installation: the secondary curtain shall

be adequately spaced from the primary curtain. Before the
suction pumps of the wastewater treatment plant first
operates (including the period when the wastewater
treatment plant is to be tested and commissioned), the
Contractor shall deployed the secondary curtain for the
floating platform with the primary silt curtain. Replacement
curtains shall be installed within 2 days from the day the
turbidity exceeds the water quality standard.
(vi)
Maintenance: The Contractor shall maintain, repair and

adjust the curtains as necessary throughout all
construction activities. The Contractor shall visually inspect
the turbidity curtain(s) at least weekly. A written copy of the
inspection report shall be submitted to the S.O. and the
Contractors QECP for reference.
(vii)
Curtain removal: At the completion of all construction

activities, the Contractor shall remove all turbidity curtains
in their entirety. This includes all anchoring devices. The
curtain should not be removed until the water inside the
enclosed area meets the water quality standards.
General properties for silt curtains

(i)
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
The Contractors QECP shall recommend to the S.O. the

most appropriate and economical design and type of
turbidity curtains for the project during construction. The
curtain to be used on a long-term basis around the floating
platform shall have the following or equivalent properties, if
not better.
Properties
Mass per unit
Thickness
Mean wide width tensile
strength
Mean tensile extension
at Max load
Elongation at Break
Test Method
ISO 9864:2005
ASTM D5199
ASTM D4595
> 600 g/m

> 1.1mm
> 200kN/m
ASTM D4595
15%
ASTM
D4595:1986
Water permittivity
ASTM
D4491:1999
Shrinkage
under ISO 7771:1985
seawater
Seawater permeability
ASTM
D4491:1999
6.2.1 - 25
<20%
> 0.8 per sec
0.2%
> 1.4 x 10-3 cm/sec

No
9
6.2.1.11.5
Properties
Test Method
Tensile
strength ASTM D4595
retention after 90 days
exposure to sunlight in
Singapore
UV
resistance
> 80%
(ii)
Floating booms shall be bright orange or yellow colour that

will attract the attention of boaters in the vicinity. Floatation
material must be solid float type. Hollow core floats,
including pipes and tubes are not allowed.
(iii)
The Contractor shall submit the accredited test report of

local approved laboratories, technical calculations (after
the Contractors QECP has reviewed without further
comments) and project references with local applications
to the S.O. for his approval.
Temporary Stockpile and Disposal of Materials off Site

(a)
The Contractor shall confine all the works within the site area
allocated to him. No additional area will be allocated for the
Contractors as temporary work area/site storage. The Contractor
shall plan to stockpile excavated material prior to backfilling at this
location. The stockpile height shall not exceed 5m and the sides of
the stockpile shall be stable. The Contractor shall submit plans for
the approval of the S.O. indicating the proposed layout of the
stockpile, how access will be achieved and the slope of the
stockpile sides. The Contractor shall also submit calculations
proving the stability of the stockpile for a variety of slip plane
scenarios and different moisture contents.
(b)
Surplus earth and demolition material shall be disposed off site to

a registered disposal point approved by the relevant authority and
S.O. The Contractor shall ensure that a log of all materials
disposed off site is kept and a copy given weekly to the S.O. The
S.O. may request for the volume of surplus material and loads to
be confirmed by weighing. These checks will not be carried out
unreasonably and it is not the intention to check every load unless
there is deemed to be sufficient doubt in the accuracy of the logs.
All of the Contractor's costs associated with a check requested by
the S.O. on the weight of a load shall be deemed to be included in
the Contract Sum and shall not be subject to an additional
payment to the Contractor.
(c)
As the work area at Semakau Landfill is offshore and constrained

in space, the Contractor may be required to plan for any
temporary work/site storage areas on the Singapore mainland. It
is the Contractors responsibility to plan and coordinate these
location(s) including the construction of the floating platform and
the associated wastewater treatment plant. The Contractor shall
6.2.1 - 26

inform the S.O. and his agents the locations of all of the temporary
sites outside the assigned work site at Semakau Landfill. The
Contractor shall coordinate and provide transport and accessibility
to the S.O. and his agents to inspect the work progress at all the
temporary work sites upon S.O.s request. The Contractor shall
price in all necessary costs in logistics and the location(s) for
construction. All the Contractors costs associated in the
temporary work/site storage, construction yards, transportation
and logistics costs shall be deemed to be included in the Contract
Sum and shall not subject to an additional payment to the
Contractor.
6.2.1.11.6
6.2.1.11.7
Backfilling around Structures

(a)
The Contractor shall take particular care during construction to

ensure that all foundations of any structural elements, especially
the foundation support for the access bridge, are adequately
founded.
(b)
Engineering fill shall be used at all locations where components of

structures are subsequently to be founded on backfilled or filled
areas. Backfilling shall be carried out in 300mm layers and
thoroughly compacted with a mechanical compactor to the
satisfaction of the S.O.
Foundations for Structures

(a)
The Contractor shall design the foundation for any structures that
he deemed is necessary for the project and shall price in all
necessary costs to design, supply and construct the proposed
foundation and structure. The Contractor shall note that impact to
the existing bund in particular to the geo-membrane and geofabric already laid along the shore slope, shall remain intact and
shall not be damaged by the proposed works.
(b)
The proposed foundation system for structures generally shall

comprise of pad type footings or raft footings. The Contractor shall
conduct their ground investigation and verify the allowable bearing
capacity at the proposed formation level by means of plate
bearing tests. The Contractors QP shall determine the extent and
the type of soil investigation eg. plate bearing tests or boring
works, are required to appreciate the soil properties of the existing
ground, including the sea-bed, that he may require to verify his
foundation design.
6.2.1 - 27

6.2.1.12
Concrete Works
6.2.1.12.1
Prevention of Flotation
6.2.1.12.2
(a)
The Contractor is warned that underground structures such as

buried chambers may not be heavy enough to resist uplift due to
water pressure. The Contractor shall make adequate
arrangements to keep excavations dry or adopt other approved
means of ensuring the stability of the Temporary or Permanent
Works until they are completed.
(b)
The Contractor should note the ground water conditions observed

during the period of the ground investigation.
(c)
Submerged pipes may be subjected to floatation. The Contractor

shall, in their design, provide anchor concrete blocks with stainless
steel saddle to hold the pipe in place.
Concrete Anchor Blocks

Concrete blocks may be proposed by Contractor to counterweight the
effects of floatation. The concrete block shall be designed by the
Contractors QP and have sufficient concrete cover to maintain the
integrity of the reinforcement within the concrete. Such concrete blocks
shall be precast and have achieved the required 28 days design strength
prior to installation. The Contractor shall provide a method statement for
the installation of the concrete blocks, including the Contractors QP
calculations for the structural capacity of the block and the allowable
bearing capacity for the sea-bed or soil. The Contractor shall price in all
necessary costs to design, supply, construct and install the concrete
blocks.
6.2.1.12.3
Standards Compliance
All civil and structural computations shall be in full compliance with all
relevant standards and codes of practice, which shall include the following
requirements besides the reference standards listed in Section 6.3:
6.2.1.12.3.1
Loads and Structural Design

CP 3 : Chapter V : Part 2
BS 6399-1
BS 6399-2
BS 6399-3
6.2.1 - 28
Code of Basic Data for the Design

of Buildings Loading Wind
Loads
Loading for buildings. Code of
Practice for dead and imposed
loads
Practice for wind loads

Practice for imposed roof loads

Industrial type flooring and stair
treads
Rules for the design of cranes.
Specification for classification,
stress calculations and design
criteria for structures
BS 4592
BS 2573-1
Land Transport Authority

(LTA)s design criteria for
vehicular bridge
BS 648
SS CP 65:Part 1
SS CP 65:Part 2
SS CP 73
Design Guide of High

Strength Concrete to
Singapore Standard CP65
- BC2
BS 8110-1 (See Note
below)
BS 8110-2 (See Note
below)
BS 8110-3 (See Note
below)
BS 5950 Part 1
Design Guide on Use of

Alternative Structural Steel
Materials to BS5950 and
Eurocode 3 BC1
BS 5950-1
6.2.1 - 29
(Vehicular bridge live loads)
Schedule of weights of building

materials
Structural use of concrete
Design and Construction
Structural use of concrete
Special Circumstances
Code of Practice for design of
concrete structures for retaining
aqueous liquids
(Reinforced and Prestressed
Concrete Structures)
Structural use of concrete. Code

of practice for design and
construction
Structural use of concrete. Code
of practice for special
circumstances
Structural use of concrete.
Design charts for singly reinforced
beams, doubly reinforced beams
and rectangular columns
Structural use of steelwork in
building Code of practice in
simple and continuous
construction: hot rolled sections
(Steel Structures)

building. Code of practice for
design. Rolled and welded
sections

BS 5950-2
BS 5950-3.1
BS 5950-4
BS 5950-5
BS 449-2 (See Note

below)
SS CP 4
BS 8118
BS 8002
BS 5400
BS 2853
BS 5395-3
BS 6349-1-1
BS 6349-1-2

building. Specification for
materials, fabrication and
erection. Rolled and welded
sections
building. Design in composite
construction. Code of practice for
design of simple and continuous
composite beams
design of composite slabs with
profiled steel sheeting
design of cold formed thin gauge
sections
Specification for the use of
structural steel in building. Metric
units
Code of practice for foundations
Structural use of Aluminium
Code of Practice for earth
retaining structures.
Steel, Concrete and Composite
Bridges
Specification for the design and
testing of steel overhead runway
beams.
Code of Practice for the design of
industrial type stairs, permanent
ladders and walkways
Maritime structures-Part 1: Code
of practice for general criteria
Maritime structures-Part 1-2:
Code of assessment of actions
Code of practice for geotechnical
design
Code of practice for materials
of practice for design of quay
walls, jetties, and dolphins
BS 6349-1-3
BS 6349-1-4
BS 6349-2
6.2.1 - 30

BS 6349-4

of practice for design of fendering
and mooring systems
of practice for dredging and land
reclamation
Maritime structures-Part 6: Design
of inshore moorings and floating
structures
Maritime structures-Part 7: Guide
to the design and construction of
breakwaters
Code of practice for the design of
Ro-Ro ramps, linkspans and
walkways
BS 6349-5
BS 6349-6
BS 6349-7
BS 6349-8
Note for above table: The local design code, otherwise the current (latest)
version of the design code, shall be adopted for design unless there is/are
valid reason(s) that the local and current design code is insufficient or has
no relevant provisions for the engineering design.
6.2.1.12.3.2
Construction Materials
Construction materials shall comply with the following standards:
Type of materials
Singapore or British design

standards
(a) Cement
(i) Ordinary Portland cement SS 26;

(ii) Specification for sulphate resisting
Portland cement BS 4027;
(iii) Supersulfated cement BS 4248;
(iv) Portland blastfurnace cement SS
477; and
(v) High slag blastfurnace cement
SS 476.
(b) Ground granulated blast

furnace slag
Specification for ground granulated

blastfurnace slag for use with Portland
cement - BS 6699.
(c) Aggregates
Aggregates from natural

sources for concrete SS 31.
(d) Water
Methods of test for water for making

concrete BS3148.
(e) Steel reinforcement
(i) Steel for the reinforcement of

concrete SS 2;
6.2.1 - 31

(ii) Cold-reduced steel wire for the

reinforcement of concrete and the
manufacture of welded fabric SS 18;
and
(iii) Welded steel fabric for the
reinforcement of concrete SS 32.
(f) Prestressing wires, strands
or bars
(i) Specification for high tensile steel

wire and strand for the prestressing of
concrete BS 5896; and
(ii) Specification for hot rolled and
processed high tensile alloy steel bars
for the prestressing of concrete BS
4486.
(g) Concrete
(i) Concrete Guide to specifying

concrete & methods for specifying
concrete mixes SS 289; and
(ii) Control on alkali content in
accordance with BRE Digest 330
Alkali-silica reaction in concrete
(2004) by- using low alkali cement1
with equivalent Na2O of not more than
0.6% ; or
limiting the total alkali content of
concrete
to
2.5kg
equivalent
Na2O/m3.
(h) Admixture
Concrete admixtures SS 320.
(i) Structural steel
(i) Specification for weldable structural

steels. Hot finished structural hollow
sections in weather resistant steels
BS7668;
(ii) Hot rolled products of structural
steels BS EN 10025;
(iii) Hot finished structural hollow
sections of non-alloy and fine grain
steels BS EN 10210;
(iv) Cold formed welded structural
hollow sections of nonalloy and fine
grain steels BS EN 10219;
(v) Stainless steels - BS EN 10088;
and
(vi) Design Guide on Use of
Alternative Structural Steel Materials
to BS 5950 and Eurocode 3 BC1.
(j) Aluminium and aluminium

alloys
(i) Sheet, strip and plate BS EN 485;

(ii)
Wrought
products:
Temper
designations BS EN 515;
(iii) Chemical composition and form of
6.2.1 - 32

wrought product BS EN 573;

(iv) Extruded rod/bar, tube and
profiles BS EN 755; and
(v) Extruded precision profiles in
alloys EN AW-6060 and EN AW-6063
BS EN 12020.
(k) Fixings of claddings
Mechanical properties of corrosionresistant stainless steel fasteners

BS EN ISO 3506.
Unless there is a change in the local building regulations whereby the

above code of practices and relevant standards may be superseded, the
civil and structural computations shall be in full compliance with the new
relevant standards and codes of practice as determined by the Building &
Construction Authority (BCA), Building Control Act and Regulations.
There shall be no cost and time implications claimable by the Contractor
against the Employer for such a change in regulations and shall be
considered as priced in the Contract by the Contractor.
Structural design standards based on the Eurocodes will coexist with the
Singapore/British design standards before full implementation on 1 April
2015. During this co-existence period, either the current Singapore/British
design standards or the Eurocodes are acceptable standards by BCA.
However, inappropriate mixing the new Eurocode design standards with
the current Singapore/British design standards within the same building
design will not be acceptable.
6.2.1.12.4
Design Criteria
The Contractors QP shall consider the following parameters in his
design:
(a)
Exposure conditions and fire rating

Exposure Condition
Concrete for structures on
floating platform:
Concrete for structures
below high tide level:
(ii) Ambient air temperature :
(iii) Water temperature range :
(iv) Fire :
(i)
(b)
Very Severe (Table 3.2 of CP

65)
Most Severe
23.70C 30.7 0C
260C 32 0C
2 hour
Concrete cover
Concrete cover to reinforcement (including links) to meet durability
requirement shall be as follow:
(i)
(ii)
Substructures (earth-surfaced) :
Substructures(face cast against blinding) :
6.2.1 - 33
40mm
50mm

(iii)
(iv)
(v)
6.2.1.12.5
Water retaining Chamber (liquid face) :

Superstructures :
Concrete below high tide level :
40mm
40mm
50mm
Material Strength
The Contractors QP shall consider the following parameters in his
design. Should the Contractors QP propose to change the parameters,
he shall comply the Building Control Act and Regulations and ensure that
the design intent include the design class, material standards, steel and
concrete grades and testing regimes to comply with the latest version of
BC1 and BC2. The design parameters adopted shall be clearly specified
on the drawings and submit to the S.O. There shall not be any time and
cost implications claimable by the Contractor against the Employer for
such changes to proposals.
(a)
Concrete Grade
The minimum 28-day compressive cube strength of concrete for
the specified structural elements shall be as follows unless
specified otherwise:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
(viii)
(b)
Grade C15
Grade C20
Grade C20
Grade C50
Grade C40
Grade C40
Grade C35A
Grade C50
Steel Reinforcement
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(c)
Concrete blinding for substructures (50mm

thick) :
Concrete blinding for water retaining structures
(75mm thick) :
Mass concrete and benching :
Precast concrete :
Reinforced structural concrete in non-water
retaining structures :
Substructures, superstructures, plinth :
Reinforced structural concrete in water
retaining structures :
Concrete submerged:
Hot-rolled high yield rebars to SS 2 (Type 2)

deformed :
Hot-rolled mild steel rebars to SS 2 :
Steel fabric mesh to SS 32 :
460 N/mm2
250 N/mm2
485 N/mm2
Structural Steel
(i)
Structural steel to BS5950:2000

standards as detailed in BC1:2012:
6.2.1 - 34
or
275 N/mm2

(d)
Marine grade aluminium EN AW 6061

(i)
6.2.1.12.6
Structural aluminium to BS EN1999-1-1

Table 3.2a & 3.2b EN AW 6061.minimum
characteristic 0.2% Proof Stress
240 N/mm
Cement
The cement used for the substructures works shall be Portland blastfurnace slag cement. The cement used for all other concrete shall be
ordinary Portland cement. In addition, the reinforced structural concrete
for water retaining structures shall comply with the clauses below.
6.2.1.12.7
Water Retaining Structures
6.2.1.12.7.1
Cement and Aggregates
6.2.1.12.7.2
(a)
The minimum cement content for water retaining structures shall

be 325kg/m3. The maximum cement content shall be not greater
than 400kg/m3 if using Ordinary Portland Cement or if using a
ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) or pulverised fly ash
(PFA) cement this may be increased to not greater than
450kg/m3. For prestressed elements, the cement content may be
increased to 500kg/m3 or 550kg/m3 if using a GGBS or PFA mix.
(b)
When using a concrete mix, the maximum percentage by mass of

GGBS that shall be used is 50% or if using PFA, the percentage
by mass shall be between 15% and 35%.
(c)
The nominal size of aggregate shall be 20mm. In any case, the

size of aggregate shall not exceed 25% of minimal thickness of
member.
(d)
Aggregates shall generally not have an absorption greater than

3%.
Control of Shrinkage
(a)
In water retaining structures and elsewhere as directed by the

S.O., high workability, low water cement ratio mixes are required.
The maximum water cement ratio shall be 0.55 or if using PFA
this shall reduce to a maximum of 0.5.
(b)
To ensure suitable workability the Contractor may propose a mix

design with an approved plasticising agent. The plasticiser shall
be used in strict accordance with the manufacturer's instructions
and requirements outlined in specification for Concrete Works.
6.2.1 - 35

6.2.1.12.7.3
(c)
The Contractor has a responsibility to ensure that his sequence

and method of construction do not compromise the integrity of the
permanent works. To this end, the Contractor must ensure that
his planned construction bay sizes do not exceed those specified
in CP73 for the reinforcement detailed.
(d)
The Contractor shall submit a detailed method statement and a

dated sequential programme showing his proposed layout and
order of his concrete pours.
Water Testing of Water Retaining Structures

(a)
As soon as possible after the completion of each water retaining

structure and on the completion of the internal jointing or surface
dressing as the case may be, the Contractor shall remove all dirt,
debris materials, tools etc. and shall wash and brush down all
internal surfaces to the satisfaction of the S.O.
(b)
Water testing of any structure shall only begin after receiving

written approval from the S.O. and the results of the 7 day cube
strength test are known for all structural sections.
(c)
Each water-retaining structure shall be gradually filled at a uniform

rate not exceeding 1 meter per 12 hours to the normal maximum
working level which for the purpose of this clause shall be taken
as 75 mm below the overflow unless otherwise directed by the
S.O. Each compartment of a multi compartment structure shall be
tested independently with adjacent compartments empty, unless
instructed otherwise by the S.O. When the structure is first filled it
shall be left to stand for seven days to allow the concrete to
absorb water and the level maintained by the addition of further
liquid. The water level shall then be determined by means
approved by the S.O. The structure shall be tested for a period of
seven days by daily measurement of water levels. During the
seven day test period the total permissible drop in water level,
after allowing for evaporation and rainfall where appropriate, shall
not exceed 1/500 of the average water depth of the full tank. Any
wall drainage or under drainage system shall be monitored during
the test period for flow. In the event that leakage is found to be
excessive, the Contractor shall at once investigate and determine
the point or points of leakage, the water level being lowered in
stages if required. Wherever applicable the external surfaces
shall be carefully examined for damp patches and other signs of
leakage. Notwithstanding the satisfactory completion of the above
test, any visible leakage on the outside faces of the structure shall
be stopped. Any caulking or making good of cracks in the wall
section shall, where practicable be carried out from the inside
face. The Contractor shall carry out any remedial work necessary
to stop the leak in a manner to be directed by the S.O. Dirt, etc.
shall again be removed and refilling and retesting repeated.
6.2.1 - 36

6.2.1.12.7.4
(d)
The procedure shall be repeated as many times as may be

necessary to achieve water tightness, and no water retaining
structure shall be deemed to have been completed or approved by
the S.O. until it shall have been ascertained to be in a watertight
and usable condition by the S.O.
(e)
Where the surfaces of water retaining structures are to be painted

or receive some other form of surface treatment, these structures
shall pass the water tightness test to the satisfaction of the S.O.
prior to the application of such coatings.
(f)
The Contractor shall make all arrangements necessary for

conveying the water from the source to the point of filling, for
transferring and for its eventual disposal. All such arrangements
shall be subject to the approval of the S.O. The Contractor shall
provide all hoses, pumps and other equipment necessary to carry
out the tests.
(g)
The Contractor shall supply water to carry out the water tightness
test of structures.
(h)
The water used to test the first unit of the structure to be tested
shall be reused for the subsequent tests of other units of the same
structure and should be also used for other structures where
practicable.
Structures to be Tested
Any proposed liquid retaining structures shall be tested in accordance
with the requirements of the Clause above.
6.2.1.12.8
Joints in Concrete
The Contractor shall in his proposed drawing, indicate the required
movement joints if any. The Contractor shall submit details of all
movement joints and including waterproofing details, as necessary, for
the approval of the S.O. No movement joints shall be used unless
approved by the S.O. Construction joints shall be used in locations as
approved by the S.O. in accordance with the Contractor's approved
method statement. All joints shall conform in every respect with the
details shown on the Drawings. All movement joints in a water retaining
section of the structure shall be made with a water-stop within the
concrete thickness. The Contractor shall submit a method statement for
the approval of the S.O. of how high quality compaction of concrete
around the water-stop will be achieved and how the waterstop will be
prevented from folding out of position during concrete pouring.
6.2.1 - 37

6.2.1.12.9
Casting Walls
Walls with multiple panels shall be cast in alternate panels so that no
panel shall be poured abutting to a panel poured less than 7 days
previously unless approved by the S.O. Each panel shall be covered with
a curing system as detailed in Concrete Works under General
Specification 6.3.3.2 and as approved by the S.O.
6.2.1.12.10
Casting Floor
The floor slabs shall be cast in panels in a "Chequer Board" fashion. The
time which shall elapse before casting any adjacent panel shall be as
approved by the S.O. in accordance with the Contractor's approved
method statement but shall not in any case be less than 3 days.
6.2.1.12.11
Imperfections in Internal Concrete Surfaces

Imperfections in internal concrete surfaces that do not comply with the
specified finish quality shall be rubbed down with carborundum stone, the
resulting grit and dust being thoroughly washed off with clean water. After
the rubbing down and as a separate operation, a 1 to 1.5 cement and
sand mixture shall be worked into the pores over the whole surface with a
fine carborundum flint in such a manner that no more material is left on
the concrete face than is necessary completely to fill the pores, so that an
extremely smooth and dense surface shall be obtained, to the satisfaction
of the S.O.
6.2.1.12.12
Protection of Concrete Floors

No mechanical plant shall be permitted to run on finished floors and the
floor area shall not be used without the consent of the S.O. for the
storage or stacking of any materials.
6.2.1.12.13
Maximum Permissible Loadings on Roofs and Suspended Slabs

(a)
The Contractor shall limit the laden weight of his construction work
on the roofs and shall submit to the S.O. for approval. Unapproved
works on roofs shall not be permitted to operate under any
circumstances unless the Contractors QP has specifically design
the structure to take such loadings. The Contractor shall not stack
soil, free draining material or other construction material on roofs
except for the purpose of spreading and levelling the said
materials thereon.
(b)
The Contractors QP shall in his design limit the maximum

permissible imposed uniformly distributed load (UDL) during
construction activities, 7.5 kN/m2 for all concrete suspended floor
6.2.1 - 38

slabs and 1.5 kN/m2 for all roofs unless the Contractors QP decide
otherwise. Detail imposed loadings used in the Contractors QP
design shall be clearly stated and summarised in the QPs design
report and submit to the S.O. for his reference.
6.2.1.13
6.2.1.13.1
Roof Construction
(a)
This clause shall be read in conjunction to General Specification

6.3.3.3 for Metal Roofing Works.
(b)
During construction of the roof the Contractor shall take particular

care to avoid any stresses or displacement of the tops of the
columns due to unequal loading.
(c)
The Contractor shall limit the laden weight of his construction work
on the roofs and shall submit to the S.O. for approval details of all
works which he proposes to use on the roofs prior to first use. The
Contractor shall not stack soil, free draining material or other
construction material on the roof in any way, which causes the
allowable load limit to be exceeded.
(d)
The roof exposed to weather shall be inspected for leakage during

wet days or wet condition. Leakage shall be defined as any
surface where water droplets, not caused by condensation, are
visible, or any significant discoloration of the concrete caused by
damp penetration that remains unimproved 7 days. Any areas of
ingress of water shall be investigated and made good to prevent
the inflow of water, whether from the rain or from the adjacent
water retaining structure.
(e)
The Contractor shall engage a roofing specialist to propose

roofing sheet materials, profile and design connections suitable for
roofs in a marine coastal environment, with minimal maintenance
required over the design lifespan of the wastewater treatment
plant. The roofing specialist shall propose roofing sheet with the
following properties or better.
(f)
On plan, the roof perimeter shall extend at least 1.0m beyond the
bund walls containing the chemical tanks and dosage systems.
The roof shall be sloped at least 3-degree away from the main
access path adjacent to the bund and the ceiling shall be at least
2.0m clear from the tallest tank or structure.
Metal Roofing System

(a)
The metal roofing system proposed by the Contractors Roofing

Specialist, shall provide shelter and all components of the system
including the design shall be adequate under severe marine
environment.
6.2.1 - 39

(b)
6.2.1.13.2
6.2.1.13.3
The roofing shall have conceal fastening to ensure better

durability of the roof in terms of water tightness, especially in
marine or industrial areas.
Metal Roofing
(a)
The sheets should be installed with compatible proprietary

interlocking clips to lock the male rib. The clips should lock firmly
into the underside of the center and female ribs and in turn
fastened to support with wafer-head self-drilling zinc coated
fasteners. The clips shall be concealed and no fasteners are to
penetrate the cladding.
(b)
The design steel roof shall be designed to slope adequately to

drain and minimise any possibility of water to stagnate at the roof.
The roofing sheet proposed shall be suitable for the design slope
of the roof with or without end-laps.
(c)
Galvanised steel zed-subgirt shall be provided at along every

purlins spacing, recommended spacing of 1200mm C/C. Minimum
thickness of galvanised steel zed-subgirt shall be 1.0mm.
(d)
The profile and clips shall be tested in accordance with AS 1562.1

1992 Design and Installation of Sheet Roof and Wall Cladding
Metal, and AS 4040.2 -1992 Resistance to Wind Pressure for
Non-cyclonic Regions.
Finishes
(a)
General
The steel sheet shall be resistance to dirt staining coating and is
able to give a combined long-term durability and corrosion
resistance. Its substrate/ metallic coating conform to Australian
Standard AS1397 and SS370:1994 whilst its paint coating
conforms to AS/NZS 2728.
(b)
Protective Metallic Coating/ corrosion resistant proprietary

Protective metallic coating shall be zinc/aluminium alloy-coated
steel AZ200 (200gsm/ m2) and having coating thickness (total
both side) of 60m or 0.06mm as stipulated in AS1397 2001.
(c)
Primer
Custom formulated corrosion inhibitive chromate primer with
nominal thickness of 5m on each side.
6.2.1 - 40

(d)
Finish/ top coat

The finish coat shall be custom formulated system and have dry
film thickness 20m on the top or weather side.
(e)
Backing coat
Custom formulated polyester system in the standard Brass Grey
colour with nominal film thickness of 10m.
(f)
Gloss
Paint finish shall have a nominal gloss level of 25 Gloss Unit @
60 (D523).
(g)
Properties
The coated finish for flashing and roofing sheet shall have the
following properties:
(h)
(i)
Impact Resistance: 10 Joules (AS 2728)
(ii)
Pencil Hardness: HB minimum (AS 2728)
(iii)
Flexibility: 7T or less, no cracking (AS 2728)
(iv)
Heat Resistance: Suitable for continuous service up to

100C. Continuous service at higher temperatures may
cause some colour change of the paint film
(v)
Taber Abrasion Resistance: <20mg paint removal per 100

cycles (AS 2105)
(vi)
Certified as Class O under Early Fire Hazard Ratings

(AS1530)
Product service performance
Property
Measured
After
1000 hours
Test
Method
Salt Spray
Resistance
to Chalking
2000 hours
Tapeoff
Test, ISO
4628-6
Resistance
to Humidity
1000 hours
Resistance
to
corrosion
Results
Blister Density: 2
Blister Size: S2
Undercut from a score:
2mm
No visible loss of adhesion
Chalk Rating: 4
No more than (1) blister

density, no loss of
adhesion
6.2.1 - 41

6.2.1.13.4
Aluminium Thermal Foil

The aluminium shall consist possess the minimum properties as follows:
Physical Properties
Tensile Strength (ASTM D-828)
Longitudinal Direction
10.5 KN/m
Transverse Direction (TD)
6.4 KN/m
Beach Puncture Resistance
(T.A.P.P.I. T803m)
0.93J
Water Vapour Permeance (ASTM E96 Procedure E)
Uncrease
Less than 1.13ng/Ns
Crease (ASTM D1027)
Less than 2.26ng/Ns
Basis Weight
280gsm
Reflectivity
0.95
Emissivity
0.05
6.2.1.13.5
Safety Mesh
The safety mesh shall also serving as a normal supporting weldmesh for
roofing components. The mesh shall be at least 2mm galvanised wire
with a tensile strength exceeding 450MPa. The longitudinal wires shall not
be spaced more than 150mm centres with crosswires spaced at 300mm
centres.
6.2.1.13.6
Fasteners and Washers

All fasteners shall be of AISI C1022 steel hardened heat treated or
equivalent. The fasteners shall be coated with a min. 45m Mechanical
plated Zinc-Tin alloy (25-30% Tin), chromate conversion layer to passivate
the zinc alloy and has special formulated polymer barrier to provide extra
resistance to the environment. The corrosion resistance for the fasteners
shall have AS3566 Class 4, equivalent or better.
The proposed washer shall be used with right threshold level of carbon
black to eliminate conductivity.
6.2.1.13.7
Sealant
Sealant shall be an approved adhesive material, suitable for application
on all respects, of a consistency suitable for application providing a seal
between a unit or structure. The colour selection of any visible exposed
sealant shall be referred to S.O.s selection
6.2.1 - 42

Test method
Property
Unit
Value
o
o
Uncured As tested at 50% RH and 23 C (73 F)
ASTM D 2202 Flow (sag or slump)
mm or inches 0
ASTM C 603
Extrusion rate
g/minute
210
CTM 98B
Working time
minutes
15
ASTM C 679
Tack-free time
minutes
35
Curing time
days
7-14
CTM 97B
Specific gravity
Application temperature oC
-25 to 50
range
o
F
-13 to 122
As cured after 7 days at 50% RH and 23oC (73oF)
ASTM D 2240 Durometer hardness
Shore A
30
ISO 7389
Elastic recovery
%
91
ISO 9047
Movement capability
%
50
ISO 11600
Sealant Class
Low
Modulus
25LM F and
G
Cured after 28 days at 50% RH and 23oC (73oF)
12 x 12 x 50mm size T.A. joint (ISO 8339)
0.5 x 0.5 x 2 inches size T.A. joint (ASTM C 1135)
Tensile at 25%
MPa
0.3
elongation
Psi
40
Tensile at 50%
elongation
Modulus at 100%
Mpa
0.35
Psi
60
Mpa
0.4
70
Psi
Ultimate tensile strength
ASTM C 711
Mpa
0.75
Psi
120
Ultimate elongation at
break
460
Service temperature
range
-50 to 150
-58 to 302
C
F
CTM: Corporate Test Method.

ASTM: American Society for Testing and Materials.
ISO: International Standardisation Organisation
6.2.1 - 43

6.2.1.13.8
6.2.1.14
Cleaning
(a)
All metal work when finished shall be thoroughly cleaned of scraps

and dirt. On large areas this shall be done as each section of the
work is finished.
(b)
The panels and components parts of the work that have been
damaged (including finish) beyond successful repair shall be
removed and replace, as directed by the S.O. or his agent.
(c)
Swarf (metal scraps or or abrasive particles resulting from cutting

and drilling) left on the surfaces of materials will cause rust stains
which can lead to reduced life of the material. The Contractor shall
ensure the installed and finished roof is free from swarf prior on a
day to day basis. All metallic swarf and other debris from roof
areas at the end of each day and at the completion of the
installation shall be thoroughly swept or hose. If swarf has become
stuck on a finish, it shall be carefully removed without removing
the paint or the metal coating. The Contractor and his agent shall
inspect the job two weeks after completion, after a rain or
condensation that may cause any remaining swarf to rust and
highlight affect the finished roof. Necessary repairs shall be
carried out by the Contractor or his roofing specialist to the
satisfaction of the S.O. without any time and cost implications to
the Employer.
Pipework
(a)
Impermeable plugs shall be installed in the pipe bedding for pipes

where the vertical gradient exceeds 1 in 10. Plugs shall consist of
impermeable earth material (clay or similar approved material)
300mm thick laid across the full width of the pipe trench to the top
of the pipe bedding material to prevent ground water running
along the line of the pipe and washing fines out of the bedding and
surround material. Plugs shall be installed at 20m intervals.
(b)
Where, the horizontal and vertical alignment of pipes are required

for drain pipes, chemical pipes and other such small diameter
pipes the Contractor shall design the horizontal and vertical
alignment to suit all existing and proposed structures, services and
ground levels. All pipes shall be laid at a minimum cover of
900mm unless specified otherwise. Where pipes can not be laid
with 900mm cover for greater than 5 times the pipe diameter
length, the Contractor shall provide a 150 thick grade C20 mass
concrete surround to protect the pipe. Pipes laid above ground
level shall only receive mass concrete surround where specified.
All pipes with less than 1200mm cover under roads shall be
provided with a 150 thick grade C20 mass concrete surround.
6.2.1 - 44

(c)
The Contractors pipe design shall allow for all pipes to be drained
to a washout at low points for maintenance and to an atmospheric
break or an air valve at high points to prevent air blocks.
(d)
All valves, flow meters, static mixers and other pipework fittings
internal or external to structures, that are subject to periodic
removal for maintenance, shall be provided with a suitable flange
adapter at one end of the fitting to allow its easy removal and
replacement. The flange adapter shall be located to allow easy
access for maintenance and removal (including any tie rods used)
and shall be designed by the Contractor to resist the maximum
anticipated thrusts at that location from internal pressures.
6.2.1.15
Yardpiping Works
6.2.1.15.1
Pipe Material
Unless otherwise stated and approved by S.O., the pipe materials to be
used for the wastewater treatment plant shall refer to Mechanical
Specification, or proposed by the Contractor if not provided or specified.
The proposed pipe material and pipeline/sewer system for the wastewater
treatment plant shall be as follows:
6.2.1.15.2
(a)
Resistance to the chemical condition and properties for the

conveyance of the particular chemical;
(b)
Resistance to sulphate attack from aggressive soils and

groundwater;
(c)
Resistance to corrosion in contaminated soils;
(d)
Resistance to severe abrasion from aggressive soils and

groundwater;
(e)
Resistance of the joint to infiltration and exfiltration; and
(f)
Resistance of the joint material to corrosion and microbiological

degradation;
(g)
All underground pipes shall be supplied with bituminous coating

externally.
Trench Excavation
(a)
Unless shown or stated otherwise, trench excavation and trench

widths shall be in accordance with General Specification for
Earthworks.
(b)
The sides of the excavation shall be supported by piling, shoring

and bracing as necessary to ensure the proper execution of the
6.2.1 - 45

work. The means of supporting the excavation and the materials

proposed to be used for piling, shoring and bracing are to be
submitted for review by the S.O. Where the excavation exceeds 4
metres in depth, the Contractor shall engage a QP to design and
be responsible for the supervision of the construction and the
stability of the temporary protection works. Drawings and details
of such works shall be submitted to the S.O. for review 3 weeks
prior to the commencement of the construction of the excavation
and the temporary protection works.
6.2.1.15.3
(c)
Excavations shall be kept free of all water, organic material and

rubbish and in a proper condition for pipe laying.
(d)
Where the Contractor over-excavates, it shall make good the

excavation at its own expense with sand or other material
approved by the S.O.
(e)
The bottoms of trenches or excavations shall be compacted prior

to the placing of any bedding or concrete materials. Should, in the
opinion of the S.O., the foundation material be incapable of
effective compaction, the material shall be removed and replaced
with approved material.
(f)
No pipes shall be laid until the trenches have been inspected and
approved. Spoil from trenches shall be deposited on the side of
the trench opposite to that to be used as roadway, or elsewhere
as directed. The toe of the spoil heap shall not be nearer than
600 mm to the trench, and care shall be taken that no spoil can
run back into the trench.
(g)
All excavated material, which is approved by the S.O. as being

suitable for backfill, shall remain the property of the S.O. and shall
be spoiled or used as filling as directed within the Site. All
excavated material, which is classified by the S.O. as unsuitable,
shall be spoiled off-site.
(h)
The Contractor shall be solely responsible for the maintenance of

excavations and is liable for any damage that may be caused to
any water pipes, conduits, etc., through the collapse of the
excavation.
Grading and Alignment in Trenches

(a)
The Contractor shall determine the final alignment and grading of

all pipelines. All care shall be taken to preserve uniform gradients
and correct alignment.
(b)
Where shown on plans, bends shall be used to effect horizontal or

vertical changes of direction. Where such bends are not required,
changes of direction shall be effected by angling the joints, by
means of short lengths of pipes, or by means of cutting pipes and
6.2.1 - 46

using thimbles or collars to join them. However, no angling of

joints will be permitted except where approved by the S.O. All
such changes in direction shall be effected in curves of uniform
radius. No joint shall be angled to such an extent as to impair its
effectiveness and tightness. The pipe shall be truly in line for
jointing and then deflected. The maximum deflection for each
pipe shall not be greater than that recommended by the pipe
manufacturer.
(c)
6.2.1.15.4
6.2.1.15.5
6.2.1.15.6
Pipes shall be cut where and in such lengths as the S.O. shall
direct. No extra charge shall be made for cutting pipes or for
additional jointing material or necessary labour.
Bedding and Filling Materials

(a)
Standard bedding and filling for all pipes shall be an approved

sand or other approved material with 100% passing the 2.36 BS
sieve size and having binding properties but with linear shrinkage
not exceeding two an one half percent.
(b)
All bedding and filling materials shall be free from organic

material; gravel, stones, cobbles, rock fragments or other hard
objects in excess of the specified sieved size; and from rubbish,
and shall be non-aggressive to the pipe materials. Approved
bedding shall contain not more than 0.3 percent of soluble salts.
Concrete Thrust Blocks

(a)
Thrust blocks shall be placed between the fitting and the

undisturbed side of the trench and shall be of dimensions as
specified or shown in the plans. Where dimensions are not shown
on the plans, the thrust block shall support the full barrel of the
fitting but shall not cover the joint with the adjacent pipe.
(b)
Thrust blocks shall be designed for action when the pipeline is

under test pressure. The Contractor shall be responsible for the
determination of safe soil bearing pressures and shall take into
account the loading orientation and the effects of soil saturation
under flood conditions.
(c)
Thrust blocks shall be constructed using concrete grade at least

30 MPa. The thrusts block, including ground bearing, shall be
designed by the Contractors QP to ensure its effectiveness in
providing necessary restraint and supports for the pipeline.
Filling of Pipe Trenches

(a)
After laying of the pipes, approved filling shall be placed around

the pipe and to a minimum depth of 300 mm above the pipe
6.2.1 - 47

barrel. Approved filling shall be carefully placed to fill completely

all spaces under and adjacent to the pipe.
(b)
Where a fluctuating groundwater condition exists, and the grading

of the native soil and the embedment materials exhibit the
following characteristics:
(i)
(D85 coarse) is more than (5xD15 finer) in which:

(1)
(2)
(ii)
(D50 coarse) is more than (25xD50 finer) in which:

(1)
(2)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
6.2.1.15.7
D85 finer
=
sieve aperture passing
85% of the finer material; and
D15 coarse
=
sieve aperture passing 15% of
the coarser material, or
=
sieve aperture passing
D50 finer
50% of the finer material; and
=
sieve aperture passing 50% of
D50 coarse
the coarser material
then the S.O. may direct a filter cloth be installed in the

trench to separate the two materials.
Filter cloth materials shall be non-woven fabrics approved
by the S.O.
Free fall of approved filling onto the pipe shall be kept to a
minimum but shall not exceed two (2) metres.
Pipe collars or sockets shall not be overfilled before the
completion of hydrostatic testing.
The approved fill shall be tamped thoroughly below, on
each side and above the pipe in layers not exceeding 150
mm thickness. Care shall be taken in the removal of
trench shields to ensure that full compaction is achieved as
specified herein. Compaction of the filling material shall
achieve a minimum Density Index (DI) of 70% as
determined by Australian standard AS 1289 5.6.1.
Backfilling
(a)
Commencement of backfilling
(i)
(ii)
Backfilling shall not commence until the Contractor has

been so authorised or directed by the S.O.
The S.O. may direct that lengths of pipe lines which have
not been tested shall be wholly backfilled to prevent
floating of the pipes, or undue temperature movement, or
that they be partially backfilled with the joints left
uncovered until hydrostatic testing is completed.
6.2.1 - 48

(b)
Other locations
(i)
In other locations the selected backfilling material shall

consist of either of the following:
(1)
(2)
(ii)
The best of the material (selected and approved by

the S.O.) from trench excavations, or
Material from on site earthworks selected and
approved by the S.O.
If, in the S.O.s opinion, material from item (1) above is not
suitable for backfilling then material from item (2) above
shall be used by the Contractor.
The material used for backfilling shall not contain fractured
rock or cobbles in excess of 100mm sieved size.
Backfilling shall be carefully placed and packed so as to
leave no voids. Precautions shall be taken to prevent any
large pointed rock or other unyielding material from
penetrating the approved filling towards the pipe barrel.
The finer backfill material shall be placed first to ensure
that the approved filling is well covered. Backfill material
shall be levelled flush with the top of the trench, or slightly
mounded along the line of the trench, as directed by the
S.O. No rock or other hard unyielding material shall be left
protruding above the surface of the backfill.
6.2.1.15.8
Chambers
The Contractor shall design and provide chambers for all valves, air
valves and flow meters below ground level and manholes for all gravity
pipes and access for maintenance. All chambers shall be designed
against flotation and the thrust from pipeworks fittings, however the
Contractor shall take precautions against flotation during the Construction
stage. All chambers shall be provided with drainage.
6.2.1.16
Flushing, Testing of Mains

(a)
General
(i)
The Contractor shall supply all materials, plant, labour and

equipment for the flushing, testing of mains. Flushing and
testing shall be carried out to all the pipelines constructed
under this Contract.
(ii)
Prior to hydraulic pressure testing, the Contractor shall

flush all mains and connections. The rate of filling the
mains with water shall be such that the water velocity
therein shall nowhere exceed 0.05 m/s. Flushing shall be
6.2.1 - 49

done by scouring under pressure at all scours and valves

as directed by the S.O.
(iii)
(b)
Upon repair of all breaks which occur during or after

testing, the Contractor shall flush again that section of
main as detailed above.
Hydrostatic pressure testing

(i)
Hydrostatic pressure testing shall be undertaken by the

Contractor on all pipework installed under this Contract.
(ii)
Pressure testing shall be undertaken between valves

and/or penstocks at each end of the pipework under test.
(iii)
Where a pipeline ends without a valve, the Contractor shall

seal off the end of the pipeline to allow for the pipeline to
be hydrostatically tested as specified herein. Sealing off
shall be achieved by the provision of bolted on blank
flanges or solvent welded on end caps. The end caps and
blank flanges shall be fitted with stopcocks for filling of the
pipeline and/or bleeding of air. The sealing off caps and
flanges shall be removed after testing has been
satisfactorily completed and the ends of the pipes shall be
reinstated to the satisfaction of the S.O.
(iv)
Pressure testing shall be undertaken as soon as possible

after the S.O. has agreed that the solvent welded joints
and concrete thrust blocks have had time to develop
adequate strength. The temperature of the piping material
o
shall not exceed 40 C during the test period. All tests shall
be carried out under the supervision and in the presence of
the S.O.
(v)
Care shall be taken to remove all air from mains under test
when filling with test water. The rate of filling of the test
section with water shall be such that the water velocity
within the test section shall nowhere exceed 0.05 m/s.
(vi)
Subsequent to filling and prior to the formal pressure test

as detailed below, the water pressure shall be raised to a
value equivalent to two-thirds of the pressure proposed for
the hydrostatic test. This pressure shall be sustained for a
period as directed by the S.O., sufficient to allow a
thorough inspection of the section of pipeline under test for
defects or failures. Any defects or failures that become
evident shall be repaired in an approved manner by the
Contractor at his own expense. Following repair, the water
pressure shall be restored preceding the execution of the
hydrostatic pressure test at the specified test pressure.
6.2.1 - 50

(vii)
The hydrostatic pressure test shall be a constant pressure

test unless otherwise specified. Valves within the test
section shall remain open during pressure testing. The
hydrostatic test pressure developed in the lowest section of
the length of a main or mains under test shall be as set out
below:
(1)
(2)
(viii)
Gravity mains shall be tested by closing off the

lowest point, i.e. the outlet, and filling the main until
the water level at the inlet is 150mm below the
overflow level.
Pumped suction and delivery mains, unless noted
otherwise, shall be tested to a pressure of 1.5 times
their maximum design pressure or a minimum
design pressure or a minimum of 400kPa whichever
is the higher.
After pressurising the length of main or mains to the

required pressure, the section under test shall be allowed
to stand without make-up pressure and shall be deemed to
have passed the test provided that:
(1)
(2)
there is no failure of any thrust block, anchor block,

pipe, fitting, valve, joint or any other pipeline
component; and
there is no visible leakage of the test water after at
least 30 min under pressure, or after the time
necessary to inspect all joints.
(ix)
Where water losses occur during the hydrostatic pressure

test, the length of main or mains under test shall be
carefully examined for defects and such defects shall be
repaired in an approved manner by the Contractor at his
own expense.
The specified filling and hydrostatic
pressure testing procedures shall then be repeated. This
process shall be repeated as necessary until such time as
the length of main or mains under test has satisfied the
test criteria for acceptance, and there is no loss of
pressure.
(x)
All hydrostatic testing shall be carried out by the Contractor

at his own risk, and he shall provide all necessary labour
and equipment for the satisfactory performance of the test
or tests. This equipment shall remain the property of the
Contractor.
(xi)
Notwithstanding
the
satisfactory
performance
of
hydrostatic testing, the S.O. may exercise his own
discretion to request that sections of main be uncovered
for examination. If, after uncovering, any defect or defects
are disclosed, the Contractor shall repair the defect or
defects at his own expense. However, if after uncovering
6.2.1 - 51

of the main, no defects are apparent then the Contractor

shall be paid the cost of uncovering plus ten percent.
6.2.1.17
Building In of Pipework and Other Items
6.2.1.17.1
Masonry
(a)
Pipeworks
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(b)
Where pipework and other items are required to be built

into masonry, wherever practical these should be built in as
work proceeds. The S.O. may direct the Contractor to form
box-outs during the masonry construction in accordance
with details shown on the construction outline drawings
issued to the Contractor by the S.O. or as directed by the
S.O. on site for the subsequent building in of pipework or
other items by the Contractor.
Precast concrete lintels shall be provided unless otherwise
directed by the S.O.
Masonry proposed to be used to build around pipework
and other items shall be of the same class and finish as
the surrounding masonry, neatly cut to suit and with the
finished masonry around the built in item of the same class
and finish as the surrounding masonry.
All box-outs shall be fitted with a flexible water-stop to the
centre of the wall or slab. The water-stop shall be joined
onto itself to make it continuous for the perimeter of the
box-out.
Louvered Openings for Vents, Exhausts and Fresh Air Supply

The Contractor shall provide and install the louvered openings for
the building vents, exhausts and fresh air supplies. The Contractor
is responsible for the vents, exhaust and fresh air supply detailed
design and is to confirm required sizing information to the S.O.
(c)
Window and Door Openings

The Contractor shall design, and provide reinforced concrete or
steel lintel beams for all door, window or other significant opening
formed in brickwork walls for the Electrical and Control Room, the
Store Room and any other building structure(s) that may be
proposed for the Works. The floor level for the Electrical and
Control Room shall be elevated from the platform deck level and
the door openings shall be at a high point from the floor so that
the ground level falls away from the door and prevent the ingress
of water under the door. The Contractor shall provide ramps to the
doors or provide elevated platform with staircases and handrails to
suit access between the floating platform deck level and the
building floor level.
6.2.1 - 52

6.2.1.18
Pipework Supports and Restraints

(a)
All pipework fittings and valves laid above ground level shall be
adequately supported for their self weight, thrust and the weight of
the fluid they will contain. Pipe supports shall be designed by the
Contractor and shall not restrict access to the pipes for
maintenance.
Details of proposed pipe supports shall be
submitted to the S.O. for approval prior to installation of the
pipework.
(b)
All pipework that will experience thrust caused by working

pressures and test pressure within the pipework shall be
adequately restrained. The Contractor shall design the thrust
restraints to prevent thrust causing damage to the pipework or to
surrounding structures. Thrust restraints designed by the
Contractor shall make allowance for access to the pipework for
maintenance and thermal expansion/contraction of pipework.
Details of how thrust in pipework will be restrained shall be
submitted to the S.O. for approval prior to construction of the
pipework commencing. Submission shall include full calculations
on expected thrust and the ability of the restraining material to
withstand this thrust. Where pipework thrust is to be restrained by
a structure then this shall be taken into consideration by the
structural design of the structure.
(c)
Pipework of a rigid construction shall be provided with movement

rocker pipes at all locations where it exits a rigid structure to a
significant buried length (greater than 5 x pipe diameter).
Polyethylene, uPVC or other flexible material pipes do not require
a rocker pipe unless indicated otherwise in the manufacturers
guidelines. Welded steel pipelines shall only be provided with
rocker pipes where they are expressly recommended for the
integrity of the pipe by the pipe manufacturer. The Contractor shall
ensure that a high level of compaction to the pipe bedding and
surround is achieved for welded steel pipes. All welded steel pipes
shall be laid with a minimum 150mm thick granular bedding and a
minimum of 150 mm compacted surround for pipes less than 500
mm Dia. Pipes exceeding 500 mm diameter shall be laid with a
compacted granular surround of half the pipe diameter. The
surround shall be laid and compacted against the excavated sides
of the pipe trench to 0.5 pipe diameters above the crown of the
pipe. Over excavation shall be back filled with compacted pipe
surround.
(d)
The Contractor shall design the steel pipe welds to withstand the
anticipated thrusts from the maximum design pressure including
test pressures in the pipeline. All flange adapters and couplings
should be tied to resist the thrust at that point.
6.2.1 - 53

6.2.1.19
Miscellaneous Structures
The structures to be constructed identified in the Scope of Works of this
Specification and shown on the Drawings, shall also provide the following
items under the civil scope.
6.2.1.19.1
Electrical & Control Room and Store Room

The Electrical & Control Room and Store Room shall be elevated from
the floating platform deck and shall be free from any possible ingress of
water that may accumulate at the deck. The floor elevation shall be high
enough for any cabling that are required to enter through the floors for the
Electrical & Control Room. The Contractor shall propose the layout for the
Rooms including the electrical and control panels to S.O.s approval.
Other requirements as follows:
6.2.1.19.2
(a)
The Rooms shall be adequately designed for natural ventilation.
(b)
The Rooms shall be enclosed with walls with vent and roof over.
There shall be at least 2.0m height clearance between the ceiling
and the tallest panel to be installed in the room. At least 1.5m wide
access shall be provided to the front side of the panel doors and
have at least 0.6m clearance to all other fixtures.
(c)
All openings to the Rooms, except the doors, shall be provided

with insect netting. Details for under the Schedule of Doors and
Windows in this Specification.
(d)
Access platform or staircase with handrail shall be provided to

access the Electrical & Control Room and Store Room from the
floating platform deck level.
Plinths for Plant and Equipment

(a)
Reinforced concrete plinths, metal skid or elevated frame support

for tanks, up stands, pipe supports and miscellaneous metalwork
shall be constructed to support plant and equipment and detail
clearly on the Contactors drawings;
(b)
All equipment and metalwork shall be raised a minimum of 30mm

above the finished floor level to avoid possible surface water
ponding around equipment or metalwork base;
(c)
Generally equipment and tanks shall be adequately raised to allow

efficient hydraulic flows across equipment or tanks;
(d)
For concrete plinth, all exposed edges for proposed concrete

plinth shall have a 25mm by 25mm chamfer and the platform level
at least 150mm high.
6.2.1 - 54

6.2.1.19.3
Civil Works for

Installation Works
Mechanical,
Electrical
and
ICA
Equipment
Necessary civil and structural works shall be carried out to facilitate and
support for all installation works of mechanical, electrical and ICA
equipment. Provision should be made as the construction advances to
avoid coring of holes to the floating platform decks or tanks etc. This may
include but not be limited to:
6.2.1.19.4
(a)
Cast in puddle flanges for pipe penetrations through concrete

walls;
(b)
Coring for pipe, duct or cable passage though concrete walls and
slabs;
(c)
Chasing for cable runs in concrete or brickwork and making good

afterwards;
(d)
Demolition and disposal of minor structures obstructing equipment

installation;
(e)
Cutting of roads and structures to allow installation of pipe or

cable routes;
(f)
Provision of temporary or permanent water supply and drainage

as required for plant.
Safety Features and Facilities

(a)
Adequate access and emergency escape from the Electrical and

Control room and the floating platform shall be provided and
indicated in the Contractors shop drawings.
(b)
Safe access ladder and walkways shall be provided and installed

where required for safe access and escape from the wastewater
treatment plant and equipment.
(c)
Safety handrails shall also be installed at all walkways accessible

to workmen including but not limited to platforms elevated higher
than 1.0m, the floating platform, the access bridge, the Platform
structures for LIT and other working areas around the wastewater
treatment plant. Anodised aluminium handrails and stainless steel
ladders shall be provided at areas possibly in contact with the
process liquids unless the proposed materials are reactive to the
process liquid. All access ladders shall be coated with anti-slip
material. Anodised aluminium handrails and ladder shall be
provided at areas that are not subject to submerged condition.
(d)
Standard safety buoys or ring lifebuoys with ropes and grabline

shall be provided around the periphery of the WWTP, and
6.2.1 - 55

mounted on structural columns but visibly unobstructed by

equipments or structures. The lifebuoys shall face the WWTP,
easily reachable and not mounted more than 1.5m from the deck.
The lifebuoys shall be distributed equally around the sides of the
floating platform and for both Platform structures for LIT. The
lifebuoys shall be:
-
6.2.1.19.5
6.2.1.19.6
bright rescued orange permanent colour;

high impact strength polyethylene and UV stabilised;
closed cell expansion foam, solid one piece units;
inside diameter 45cm, external diameter 75cm, depth 10cm;
supplied with highly visible floating lifebuoy lines or ropes
(10mm).
(e)
Lightning protection to refer other Section under Electrical Works.
(f)
The height of the each containment bunds for the respective

chemical and fuel tanks it is designed to contain, shall have the
capacity to hold the total volume of liquid stored in the tanks when
full. An additional 100mm freeboard shall be provided to the height
calculated.
Brickwork
(a)
All brick walls greater than 1.0 m high shall be tied to a column or
wall. Where the column or wall is an existing structure the
Contractor shall anchor bolt the ties to the existing structure. The
anchor bolts shall be designed by the Contractor to avoid existing
steel reinforcement in a concrete column or wall and to not affect
the structures strength or stability. Details of the proposed fixing
arrangements shall be submitted to the S.O. for approval.
(b)
Only brick work not receiving a permanent covering of plaster or

rendering, located above ground level and visible shall be fair
facing brickwork. All exposed brick wall shall be plastered unless
indicated otherwise.
Pipe Trenches
(a)
Reinforced Concrete pipe trenches are to be provided in a distinct

area of the works:
(i)
(b)
Discharge pipeline crossing vehicular access (eg. the

existing bund location between access bridge and the
sea).
The pipe trench shall generally follow the route as shown on the
approved shop drawings. The Contractor shall carry out trial
trenches and cable detection during design stage to determine
any possible obstruction to the propose pipeline and whether
6.2.1 - 56

service diversion is required. The Contractor shall ensure that

measures are in place to protect any existing services and ensure
that there is no damage or disruption to the existing services.
(i)
Where the pipe trench crosses the road, the pipe trench
shall be covered with removable heavy duty trafficable
precast concrete sealed covers designed by the
Contractors QP. The Contractors QP shall, in his designs
for the RC trench structure, its foundation and the trench
cover consider the following structural loadings in addition
to those required under the Building Control Act and
regulations:
-
(ii)
6.2.1.20
Vehicle loads (20-seater bus, loaded delivery trucks,

chemical and fuel re-filling tankers with 100% loads);
and
All anticipated construction load;
Vehicle max laden weight not lesser than 10ton;
Uniform distributed load not lesser than 20kN/m2;
Other form of loadings deem critical by the
Contractors QP.
The pipe trenches that may receive surface runoffs and

groundwater shall have a concrete screed sloped at a
minimum 1 in 200 fall to scupper drain and out of the
trench or the sea. If there is a tendency that the trench
may otherwise collect polluted waters, a sump located at
the edge of the existing bund, shall be designed by the
Contractors QP and constructed by the Contractor to drain
the polluted waters.
Structural Steel Works

Structural steel works shall generally be in accordance with the standards
and code of practices highlighted in this Specification for Standards
Compliance (related to structural steel). The Contractors QP shall
consider the parameters set out in this Specification for his design.
Should the Contractors QP propose to change the parameters, he shall
comply to the Building Control Act and Regulations and ensure that the
design intent include the design class, material standards, steel grades
and testing regimes to comply with the latest version of BC1. The design
parameters adopted shall be clearly specified on the drawings and submit
to the S.O. All structural steelwork shall be painted and protected against
corrosion in accordance to this Specification for Paint Finishes and
Protective Coatings for Structural Steel Works.
(a)
All bolts and nuts that are likely to come into contact with
secondary effluent or product water shall be Grade 316 stainless
steel. All other bolts and nuts shall be hot dip galvanized.
6.2.1 - 57

(b)
6.2.1.20.1
6.2.1.20.2
All protective coating to building structures shall be 2 hrs firerated.
Design, Fabrication and Erection of Structural Steel Roofs

(a)
The Contractors QP shall design and detail all steel structures

including the steel roofs over the respective chemical storage
tanks and dosage system. The structural design shall be reviewed
by the Accredited Checker whenever necessary or required under
the Building Control Act and Regulations and submit and obtain
approval from the BCA. All costs associated in the designs and
submissions shall be deemed to be included in the Contract Sum
and shall not subject to an additional payment to the Contractor.
The Contractor shall also manage all authority submissions
undertaken by his QP and obtain approvals for the works. No
additional of time will be provided for late submissions by the
Contractor or his professionals unless the Contractor has valid
reasons, subjected to the S.O.s discretion.
(b)
The Contractor shall provide detail information to the S.O. on the

source for the supply of the structural steel material. Method of
statement for fabrication of structural steel works including the
approved painting specification shall be submitted to the S.O. prior
to the submissions to authorities and fabrication and erection.
(c)
The Contractor shall engage a supervising QP including his

agents as required under the Building Control Act & regulations to
be in charge of the supervision for the structural works. Critical
joint connections eg. Welding inspection shall be undertaken by
qualified test agencies and all aspect of the works shall be
executed to the satisfaction of the supervising QP. All time and
cost implications to complete the structural works shall be deemed
to be included in the Contract and shall not be subjected to an
(d)
As required by Defence Science & Technology Agency (DSTA),

the height control limit for the subject site ranges from 48m to
100m AMSL. All structures and fixtures above the roof top,
cranes, maintenance equipment, construction equipments,
temporary equipments and lightning conductor shall not exceed
the height limit. The Contractor may request for a copy of the
height control plan if deem necessary.
Fabrication and Erection of Pipe Supports

The Contractor shall design, fabricate and erect pipe supports for pipes
required for the works. The Contractor shall submit relevant drawings,
specification and calculations by the Contractors QP for the pipe
supports to the S.O. prior to fabrication and erection.
6.2.1 - 58

6.2.1.20.3
Fabrication and Erection of Steel Platforms, Access Walkways and

Stairway
(a)
The Contractor shall design, fabricate and erect steel platforms,

catwalks and stairways to provide access to equipment. Unless
otherwise highlighted by the S.O., the access platform shall have
a minimum design live load of 5kN/m2.
(b)
Access walkway and staircase shall normally have 1.0m width

clearance between railings with a minimum design live load of
5kN/m2.
(c)
The Contractor shall submit relevant drawings, calculations and

specification for the steel platforms, catwalks and stairways to the
S.O. prior to fabrication and erection. As and when required by the
Building Control Act and Regulations, the Contractors QP shall
submit his design for authority approvals for the steel platform,
access walkways, staircases, handrails and barriers.
(d)
The Contractor shall provide handrailing to access areas where

there is a risk of fall exceeding 600mm or at the edge of a tank. All
submerged handrailing shall be stainless steel grade 316, all other
handrailing shall be anodised aluminium unless specified
otherwise by the S.O.
(e)
The Contractor shall design and provide chequer plate or grating

flooring for the proposed platforms or grating covers for chambers,
sump and drains and indicated on drawings for S.O.s approval.
The plate flooring and grating covers shall be designed for safe
operation of the works. All chequer plate flooring and covers shall
be anodised aluminium designed by the Contractor with all
necessary supports and edging to withstand a minimum loading of
2
5kN/m without excessive deflection, minimize water ingress and
be easily removable by manual handling.
(f)
All grating covers, steel pipe supports and other non structural
steel fittings shall be hot dipped galvanized unless indicated
otherwise. Structural fittings including steel platform, access
walkway and staircase shall be painted and protected against
corrosion.
(g)
The Contractor shall provide adequate access to fresh air and

escape from all buildings and structures. Ladders and platforms
shall be installed where required for safe access and escape from
the wastewater treatment plant and equipment. Proposed location
for safe access and escape route shall comply with industry best
practices.
6.2.1 - 59

6.2.1.20.4
Fabrication and Installation of Structural Steel Associated with Lifting

Devices, Cranes and Monorails
The Contractor shall design, fabricate and install the structural steel
works associated with lifting devices cranes and monorails for the
equipment installed in the Works. As and when required by the Building
Control Act and Regulations, the Contractors QP shall submit his design
for authority approvals for the structural steel frame for the lifting devices.
Detail requirements for the safe working load required for the respective
lifting devices is covered under the Mechanical works Specification,
otherwise proposed by the Contractor in his design. The Contractor shall
submit relevant drawings, calculations and specification for the structural
steel works to the S.O. prior to fabrication and installation.
6.2.1.21
Aluminium Works
(a)
Aluminium works shall generally be in accordance with BS

EN1999-1 using marine grade alloys to EN AW 6061. Maritime
structures designed to BS 6349, using aluminium and its alloys
shall refer to BS EN1999-1 for full details of the engineering
properties of the principal alloys for structural use. The
Contractors QP shall comply to the Building Control Act and
Regulations and ensure that the design intent include the material
design standards, material grades and propose the testing
regimes for the structural aluminium works. The design
parameters adopted shall be clearly specified on the drawings and
submit to the S.O.
(b)
The Contractors QP shall design and detail the proposed

structural aluminium access bridge and the Platform structures for
the Level Indicator Transmitter (LIT) for S.O.s comment. The
structural design shall obtain approval from the BCA and the
Accredited Checker whenever necessary or required under the
Building Control Act and Regulation. All costs associated in the
designs and submissions including professional services to obtain
regulatory approval for the proposed structure shall be deemed to
be included in the Contract Sum and shall not subject to an
(c)
The Contractor shall provide detailed information to the S.O. on

the source for the supply of the aluminium and marine grade
aluminium. Method of statement for fabrication of structural
aluminium works shall be submitted to the S.O. prior to actual
fabrication and erection.
(d)
The Contractor shall engage a supervising QP including his

agents as required under the Building Control Act & regulations to
be in charge of the supervision for the structural works. Critical
joint connections eg. Welding inspection shall be undertaken by
qualified test agencies and all aspect of the works shall be
executed to the satisfaction of the supervising QP. All time and
6.2.1 - 60

cost implications to complete the structural works shall be deemed

to be included in the Contract and shall not be subjected to an
6.2.1.21.1
Design, Fabrication and Erection of Access Bridge

(a)
The Contractors QP shall design and detail the proposed access

bridge that connects the floating platform and the perimeter bund.
The access bridge may be an independent structure supported by
an A-frame with wire rope suspension system or founded on the
bund and supported on a pin-connected structure integrated with
the floating platform. The design for the access bridge support
must have allowance to for rotation due to high and low water
levels and wave action. The water levels will fluctuate between
tide levels (before the bund is closed) and in the permanent
situation from +1.5m to +2.5m CD with additional allowances from
the design limits to be determined by the S.O.)
(b)
The access bridge shall have a clear width, not lesser than 4.5m.
Vehicular impact guardrails shall be mounted along the access
lane to protect the structural elements of the access bridge. The
access bridge shall also have structures to support pipeline(s)
between the wastewater treatment plant and the bund. The
pipeline(s) shall be easily accessible from the access bridge and
protected against accidental damage from vehicles.
(c)
A security gate is required at the entrance (bund side) of the

access bridge. The gate shall be mounted close enough to the
access bridge with gap between the bridge and the gate not
greater than 100mm to prevent unauthorised entry by the public.
The Contractor shall in his design provide additional robust steel
concertina wires along the external sides of the access bridge
where the bridge bottom level and the immediate ground level is
lesser than 3.0m to prevent the public from accessing the bridge
structure. The gate shall be see through and come with a secure
locking system. The gate design shall not have any intermediate
foot rest that may allow intruders from climbing the gate. The gate
may be integrated with a height barrier (for 4.0m height
clearance). This height barrier shall serve to prevent accidental
impact to the pipe-bridge(s) that may be proposed for the
wastewater treatment plant. Any gap between the gate and the
height barrier structure shall not be more than 100mm. The
security gate and the height barrier may be constructed from steel
but shall be painted and properly coated against corrosion.
(d)
The foundation supports for the access bridge shall be designed

by the Contractors QP.
6.2.1 - 61

6.2.1.21.2
Design, Fabrication and Erection of Platform Structures for Level

Indicator Transmitter (LIT)
(a)
The Contractors QP shall design and detail the proposed the

Platform structures to allow for access to the LIT, including other
equipments like wireless adapter and a control box. There shall be
two numbers of such Platform structures one that goes towards
the sea and the other towards the Phase II Cell where the WWTP
is in. The mountings for the LIT and all other equipments for it will
be located at the end of the Platform structures (away from bund).
The Platform structures will have piers that are partially
submerged in water. These Platform structures, including the
platform deck plates and handrailings shall be constructed from
marine grade aluminium. The Contractor shall liaise closely with
the manufacturer of the LIT to determine the height requirements
and design requirements for the support mounting the LIT.
(b)
The Platform structures shall normally have 1.0m width clearance

between railings with a minimum design live load of 5kN/m2. The
piers and the foundation shall resist any impact loading from
approaching vessels to Contractors QP design.
(c)
The Contractor shall include in his design, supply and installation

of stainless steel grade 316 security box(es) for the LIT and the
control box with locks. All the equipments to be mounted on the
support shall be accessible.
(d)
The foundation supports for the Platform structures (for LIT) shall
be design by the Contractors QP and ensure the bearing on the
flat-bedded shore is adequate to take the design loading.
(e)
At each entrance of the Platform structures (for LIT) at the bund

side, a security gate is required to prevent unauthorised entry into
the platform and the LIT. The gate shall be constructed from
marine grade aluminium. The gate shall be at least 2.2m high and
the top lines with concertina wires. Unless the platform deck is
above the immediate ground level by at least 3.0m, robust
concertina wires should also be placed on both external sides of
the Platform structures.
(f)
The Contractor shall consult with the MPA and obtain approvals
for the construction of the proposed Platform structure within the
sea area under MPAs jurisdiction. The Contractor shall be
deemed to have priced in the Contract all necessary fees and
costs in compliance to MPAs requirements for the proposed
construction. There shall be no cost and time implications
claimable by the Contractor against the Employer for compliance
to MPA and any other related authorities requirement.
6.2.1 - 62

6.2.1.22
Contractors Designs for Submission to Authorities and Technical

Department
6.2.1.22.1
Scope of Contractors Design

The Building Control Authority Act requires building and structural works
to be submitted by a QP. To the extent as required by the Building
Control Act and Regulations, the Contractor shall engage relevant
professionals including architect where specified to design and make
submissions to BCA for the following works, but not limited to:
(a)
All temporary works; and
(b)
All permanent building works as described under this Specification

for civil scope of works, including backfilling earthworks, structural
steel roofs, access bridge, pipe rack or pipe-bridge, electrical and
control room, reinforced concrete foundations, access platforms,
elevated frame supports for tanks and equipments, underground
trench, valve chambers, Platform structures for LIT, handrails,
pipe supports, cable supports, utilities supports, etc.
It shall be the Contractors responsibility to obtain approval(s) from the

relevant authorities and technical department for all the proposed works.
The Contractors QP shall apply and obtain from the Commissioner of
Building Control for a Certificate of Statutory Completion (CSC) or a
Temporary Occupational Permit (TOP) before the building and structural
works can be considered as completed.
6.2.1.22.2
Temporary Works
As a minimum, the Contractor shall provide the followings:
(a)
To the extent as required by the BCA Act, the Contractor shall

engage a QP to prepare all necessary drawings, calculations,
reports, forms, information, records, etc, on all the temporary
works and submit directly to BCA;
(b)
The Contractor shall provide the S.O. carbon copy of all the
documents submitted to BCA;
(c)
The Contractor shall only proceed to construct the temporary

works upon statutory approvals are granted, where required; and
(d)
The Contractor shall bear all fees, expenses and costs for the
submission to BCA and all other related regulatory authority,
agencies and technical department.
6.2.1 - 63

6.2.1.22.3
Permanent Building Works designed by the Contractor

As a minimum, the Contractor shall provide the followings:
(a)
The Contractor shall engage Registered Surveyors to conduct all

necessary topographical and hydrographical surveys and prepare
all necessary drawings, information, records, etc, on all the
existing grounds and the as-built works designed and constructed
by the Contractor;
(b)
The Contractor shall engage relevant QP (including specialist QP

eg. QP (Geotechnical)) and architect to prepare all necessary
drawings, calculations, reports, forms, information, records, etc,
on all the permanent works designed by the Contractor, as
specified;
(c)
All coordination and pre-consultation meetings with all the relevant

statutory departments and including Accredited Checkers (Civil,
Structural and Geotechnical), where relevant. The Contractors QP
shall be present to facilitate these meetings and coordination;
(d)
Necessary drawings, calculations, reports, forms, information, etc,

endorsed by the relevant QP or architect for the S.O. to make the
statutory submissions;
(e)
The Contractor shall only proceed to construct the units upon

statutory approvals and the Permit to commence work from BCA
are granted; and
(f)
Provide the S.O. with as-built drawings, calculations, forms,

information, etc for submission to necessary statutory authorities
and Technical Departments to obtain the Temporary Occupation
Permit and Certificate of Statutory Completion.
6.2.1.23
Signages
6.2.1.23.1
Scope of Works
(a)
This section covers the signage to be installed as part of the

features of the WWTP.
(b)
The Contractor shall propose and provide the following type of

signages wherever applicable.
Description/Type
Name Tags
Warning Signs
Location Map
Location
All tanks, bunds, equipments and
pumps, emergency wash station,
Electrical & Control room
At all security gates
Within WWTP premise (to be advised)
6.2.1 - 64

Safe working load Access bridge, Platform structures for

(SWL) signs
LIT,
access
platform
around
equipment and tanks, pipe-bridge(s),
floating platform, all lifting hoist
Height Limit signs Height limit barrier, pipe-bridge(s)
Exit signs
Within WWTP premise (to be advised)
Speed Limit signs Height limit barrier, Within WWTP
premise (to be advised)
Safety signs
Within WWTP and Platform structures
for LIT (to be advised)
(c)
6.2.1.23.2
The details of the sign message and artwork of sign plate shall be
proposed by the Contractor and submitted to the S.O. for
comments and approval during construction stage. The Contractor
shall also provide samples and submit shopdrawings in their
proposals prior to construction and installation. The cost of
samples, design, supply and install works for signages shall be
deemed to be included in the Contract Sum.
Materials and Workmanship

(a)
Unless otherwise, stainless steel 316 and aluminium grade of

1150 shall be used for the construction of the signs;
(b)
Sign message panel shall be rigid, stable and not subject to

distortion or corrosion. Support posts for free standing signs shall
be sufficient strength to support the message panels.
(c)
The Contractor shall submit samples of paint and finishing to be

used for the sign plate and support together fixing devices for the
approval of the S.O. All painting and finishing materials to be used
shall be of vandal and weather proof type.
(d)
Sign materials shall conform to ASTM or approved equivalent

standards.
6.2.1 - 65

6.2.1 - Civil and Structural Works

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Design, Construction, Installation, Testing & Commissioning of Wastewater Treatment Plant

for Phase II Development of Semakau Landfill

CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL WORKS

Contractors Responsibility for Design and

The scope of works also includes the detailed design and

The Contractor shall engage a Professional Engineer registered in

Design, Construction, Installation, Testing & Commissioning of Wastewater Treatment Plant

If an Accredited Checker (AC) and/or specialist AC e.g. AC(Geo)

In addition to the submissions required for regulatory approval, the

Design and Submission to Fire Safety & Shelter Department

It shall be the Contractor and his QPs responsibility to consult

The Semakau Landfill is also occupied by other contractors

Civil and Structural Work Components

Slope stability and settlement analysis arising from the formation

Design, Construction, Installation, Testing & Commissioning of Wastewater Treatment Plant

Floating platform to support the Wastewater Treatment plant

Access bridge for vehicular access between floating platform and

Structural support for access bridge which includes A-frame and

Mooring support for floating platform (refer to Specification for

Silt curtain and erosion control measures;

Structural steel roofs over all chemical (Na2S, Polymer, FeCl3,

All bund walls, sumps, drains and channels required in the

Steel leg supports, plinths or skids for elevated tanks and

Access staircase and platforms around all tanks;

Discharge pipe at sea (pipe exit level to be +0m CD);

Access platform structure linking to existing bund to the sea for

Access platform structure linking to existing bund to the Phase II

Protection of the existing shore slope including the geo-membrane

Road work, traffic signs, ramps and road markings.

Civil Work Responsibility

Site clearance, including the cutting and removal of any existing

Design, Construction, Installation, Testing & Commissioning of Wastewater Treatment Plant

structures and infrastructure.

Earthworks, involving the general excavation and where

Earthworks, involving partial removal of the existing shore slope

Design calculations on the stability of the existing shore slope

Installation of ground monitoring instruments, as prescribed by the

Design by Contractors QP, an A-frame and wire rope support

Design by Contractors QP, supply and construct all proposed

Design by Contractors QP, supply, fabricate and construct all

Design by Contractors QP, supply, fabricate and construct all

Design, Construction, Installation, Testing & Commissioning of Wastewater Treatment Plant

preparation of the aluminium surfaces. Where it is impossible to

Design by Contractors QP, supply and construct all necessary

Design by Contractors QP, supply, fabricate and construct of

Design by Contractors QP, supply, fabricate and construct all

Design by Contractors QP, supply and construct Platform

Supply and construct miscellaneous reinforced concrete works

Design, supply, fabricate and erection of all necessary steel pipe

Design, supply, fabricate and installation of steel brackets or

All necessary tests for welding connections in structural steel

All necessary tests on any protective coatings not limited to paint

All necessary tests including hydrostatic testing of all water

Design, Construction, Installation, Testing & Commissioning of Wastewater Treatment Plant

Erosion Control Measure (ECM) plan design by Contractors

Design by the Contractors QECP, supply, fabricate and install

All necessary topographical survey and hydrographical survey that

Ground and soil investigation works, including boring works if

Design and construction of road and drainage works necessary for

All regulatory authority submissions, licensing, permit and

All designs by Contractors QP and building works which requires

The Contractor shall note in his designs the meteorological ocean

Method Statements and Submissions