WORKED SOLUTIONS

Mathematical models

Answers

Skills check
1

y = 2.5x 2 + x 1
when x = 3, y = 18.5
h = 3 2t 1
when t = 0, h = 2

d = 2 t 3 5t 1 + 2

x 2 + x 3 = 0 x = 1.30, 2.30
2t 2 t = 2
2t 2 t 2 = 0 t = 0.781, 1.28
x 2y = 3
3x 5y = 2 x = 19, y = 11

b
c

1
2

when t = , d =

A(7, 2) B(1, 4) m =

A(3, 2) B(1, 8)

m=

4+2

ii A

-31
4

This is not a function since one element of

A(4) is not related to any element of C.
iii C

1 7
8
4
8+2
10
5
= =
1+ 3
4
2

This is not a function since one element of

C(1) is not related to any element of A.
iv B

Mr. Genzer

This is a function since each element of B

is related to one and only one element of C.

B
12
16
49
100

This is a not a function since one element

of C(6) is not related to any element of A.
4

This is a function since each element of A is

related to one and only one element of B.
b

B
12
16
49
100

A
3
7
50

This is not a function since one element of

B(16) is not related to any element of A.
c

C
49
100

y = 2x

y=

x
2

y=

x3
2

y= 3x
Function

Function

not a function since negative elements in the

rst set are not related to any element in the
second set
Function

Exercise 4B
1

A
3
7
50

This is a function since each element of C is

related to one and only one element of A.

A
1
2
3
4

1
2
4
6

Mick
Lucy
Lidia
Diana

This is not a function since each teachers

teaches two of the student.
A
3
7
50

v C

Mr. Genzer

C
1
2
4
6

2
4
6

Mrs. Urquiza

Mrs. Urquiza

A
1
2
3
4

1
2
4
6

This is a function since each student is in only

one mathematics class.
b

C
1
2
4
6

1
2
3
4

Mick
Lucy
Lidia
Diana

B
2
4
6

This is not a function since one element of

A(4) is not related to any element of B.

Exercise 4A
1

A
1
2
3
4

1
2

3.5

y = 2x

12

ii

domain is the set of all real numbers

iii

yes, since y = 0 is the image of x = 0

Oxford University Press 2012: this may be reproduced for class use solely for the purchasers institute

Worked solutions: Chapter 4

WORKED SOLUTIONS
b

y = x + 1 10
2

0
1

1
4

17
16

ii

domain is the set of all real numbers

iii

no, since there is no solution to the

equation

x
1
x1

ii

2 1

1
2
2
3

{x: x }

ii

{y: y 8}

iii

(4, 0), (0, 0)

iv

(0, 0)

{x: 1 x 1}

ii

{y: 0 y 1}

iii

(1, 0), (1, 0)

iv

(0, 1)

{x : x 1}

ii

{y : y 4}

iii

no points

iv

(0, 8)

F
F
F
F

0 = x2 + 1

1
4

1
6

no, since there is no solution to the

equation

0
0

1
4
1
2

1
1

9
3

100

domain is the set of all non-negative real

numbers

iii

yes, y = 0 is the image of x = 0

False, there is no solution to the equation

2
0= x

true, y = x 2 0 for all values of x

true, y = x + 3 3 for all values of x

true, y = 3 when x = 2

true, y =

-3
3

8
6
4
2
6 4 220
4
6
8

a
8
6
4
2

6 4 220
4
6
8

ii

(0, 4)

2 4 6x

6 4 220
4
6
8

2 4 6x

y = 3x 4

2 4 6x

f (2) = 2(1) (5) = 10

f (3) = 3(4)(0) = 0

f (1) = 1(2)(2) = 4
(1, 4) lies on the graph of f

1 1 1 7 7
= =
2 2 2 2 8

d(t) = 5t t 2
a t
b d (2.5) = 5(2.5) 2.52 = 6.25
c d (1) = 51 = 4
d d (1) = 4 d(4) = 2016 = 4 d (1) = d(4)

C (n) = 100 10n

a C (2) = 100 20 = 80
b b = C (3) = 100 30 = 70
c C (a) = 0 100 10a = 0 a = 10

3m + 6 = 9 m = 1

2 4 6x

(2, 0)

y
8
6
4
y = x + 2
2

y = 2x + 3

y = 2x 4

T
iii F
iii F
iii T
iii

f (x) = x (x 1) (x +3)

1 = 2

Exercise 4C
1

F
T
T
F

Exercise 4D

false, the image of x = 1 is y = 4

10

ii

ii

6 4 220
4
6
8

1
x -1

ii

8
6
4
2

domain is the set of all real numbers except

0=

ii

x = 1
iii

ii

v (1) = 3

A (250, 490)

490 2 250 4 no

B (3, y)

y = 2 3 4 = 10

{x: 4 x 6}

ii

{y: 4 y 1}

t=2

iii

(4, 0)

iv

(0, 2)

v (t) < 0 for t > 2

Oxford University Press 2012: this may be reproduced for class use solely for the purchasers institute

ii

v (3) = 3

Worked solutions: Chapter 4

WORKED SOLUTIONS

8
6
4
2
6 4 220
4
6
8

y = 0.5(3 x)

I(40)
40

d
2 4 6x

c
d

0.5 (3 x) = 2 3 x = 4 x = 1

3 2 x = 24

ii

2 x = 8

V = (30 2x)(15 2x)x

V (3) is the volume of the box when the

squares cut from each corner have side
length 3 cm.
V (3) = (24) (9) (3) = 643 cm

gradient = 2.2

p (x) = 2.2 x

p (75) = 165

p (125) = 275

y = 2.2x

k(75) = 34.1

No, x < 7.5 since the width of the card is

only 15 cm

width = 12 x

A = x (12 x)

A (2) is the area of the rectangle when the

length is 2 cm

ii

A (2) = 2(10) = 20 cm2

C = 300 + 150n

C (30) = 300 + 150(30) = 4800USD

300 + 150n < 2300

ii

300 + 150(14) = 2400, no

iii

150n < 2000, n < 13.3

20 40 60 80 100 x
GBP ()

gradient = 2.05 s (x) = 2.05x

s (80) = 164

I(x) = 0.6x 2 + 160x

P(6) = 62 + 160(6) 1500 = 576 AUD, a

loss of 576 AUD

P(40) = 402 + 160(40) 1500 = 3300 AUD

ii

I(40) = 0.6(40)2 + 160(40)

p (x) =

s (140) = 287
p (180) = 87.8

60 GBP = 93 USD
y

13 days.

P(x) = I(x) C(x) = 0.6x 2 + 160x

(0.4 x 2 + 1500) = x 2 + 160x 1500

x
2.05

1 = $1.55
a

x
2 .2

k(100) = 45.5

No, if x = 12 the width would be 0.

k(x) =

y = 2.05x

250
200
150
100
50
0

y
2 .2

50 = S$102.5

iv

x=

1 = S$2.05

V (3.4) = (23.2) (8.2) 3.4 = 646.816 cm

= 5540

20 40 60 80 100 x
Kilograms (kg)

iii

C (x) = 0.4 x 2 + 1500

y = 2.2x

x = 3

SGD ($)

ii

y
250
200
150
100
50
0

l = 30 2x ii w = 15 2x

50 kg = 110 pounds

h(1) = 3 21 = 6

Exercise 4E
1

a
b

h (x) = 3 2 2x
a i
h(0) = 3

= 136 AUD

Exercise 4F

(3, 0)
(0, 1.5)

5540
40

10 or 150

Pounds (lb)

Assuming all books have same price, one

book costs

f (x) = 0.5 (3 x)

USD ($)

140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0

y = 1.55x

20 40 60 80 x
GBP ()

gradient = 1.55 u (x) = 1.55x

u(300) = 465

p (x) =

p (250) = 161

Oxford University Press 2012: this may be reproduced for class use solely for the purchasers institute

u (184) = 285.2

x
1.55

p (7750) = 5000

Worked solutions: Chapter 4

WORKED SOLUTIONS

Exercise 4G

Exercise 4I

Temperature (C)

400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0

b
a

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Time (minutes)

(0, 1)
3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x

T (x) = 40x + 10

60

20

(0, 3)

y = x2 + 3
(3, 0)

40

(3, 0)
0

40 60 80 100
Weight (g)

18 mm

20 g

0.5 mm

L (x) = 0.5x + 18

T (x) = 3 x + 10

66.7C

20 cm

20 cm

350 g

L (x) = 0.08x + 20

4
y

20

y = 3x2 2

10

( 23 , 0)
4

Flour = 80s + 60f

Fat = 50s + 90f

80s + 60f = 820

( 23 , 0 )

( 72 , 0 )

1 2 3 x

3 2 120
4
6
8
10

Exercise 4J

8t + 3c = 51

(3, 2)

x = 2

100t + 30c = 570

(5, 4)

x = 5

t=3

3 tables, 9 chairs

(4, 1)

x=4

3v + 5c = 59
7v + 3c = 70
v = 6.65 c = 7.81 7 vans, 8 cars
4 80p + 50t = 620
10p + 25t = 190
p = 4 t = 6 4 passenger planes, 6 transport planes
5 70x + 40y = 1440

(5, 7)

x=5

(3, 4)

x = 3

c=9

x = 2y
140y + 40y = 1440
180y = 1440
y = 8 x = 16
16 volume 1, 8 volume 2

4 x

(0, 2) 2

y
8 (0, 7)
6
y = 2x2 + 7
4
2
7,0

( 2 )

50s + 90f = 880

s = 5 f = 7 5 sponge cakes, 7 fruit cakes
2

4 x

2
20

Exercise 4H
1

80

y = 2x2 +1

10C
Length of spring (mm)

y
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2

Exercise 4K
1

y = x (x 4)
a

(0, 0) (4, 0)

(2, 4)

x = 3

(0, 0) (6, 0)

(3, 9)

(4, 16)

3 9
,
2 4

y = 8x x = x (8 x)
a

y = x (x + 6)
a

x=2

x=4

(0, 0) (8, 0)

y = 3x x = x (3 x)
a

x=

3
2

Oxford University Press 2012: this may be reproduced for class use solely for the purchasers institute

(0, 0) (3, 0)

Worked solutions: Chapter 4

WORKED SOLUTIONS
5

y = x2 2x = x (x 2)
a

(0, 0) (1, 0)

1 1
,
2 4

x = 2

(0, 0) (4, 0)

x=1

x=1

(1, 0) (3, 0)

(2, 4)
1 1
,
2 4

(1, 4)

(5, 0) (3, 0)

(1, 16)

x=4

(2, 0) (6, 0)

(4, 4)

x=1

(2, 0) (4, 0)

(1, 9)

iv

(7, 0), (1, 0)

y 9
y

x=1

no points

(1, 2)

x = 2

(5, 0), (1, 0)

x = 3

(3, 5)

(2, 9)

x=1

(1, 1)

ii

x=3

iii

(3, 16)

iv

(1, 0), (7, 0)

y 16
y

b
20
16

(0.764, 0), (5.24, 0)

12
8

( 0.121, 0), (4.12, 0) c

3 23
,

2 2

y = 0.5x 2 x + 2
no points

Exercise 4M

16

4
c

3
1,
2

17

3,

y = 0.5x 2 + 3x 4
x = 3 b (1.12, 0), (7.12, 0)

(0, 3)

ii

x = 1

iii

(1, 4)

iv

(3, 0), (1, 0)

y 4

12 x

(3, 16)

f (x) = x 2 3x 4 = (x 4) (x + 1)
a

(0, 4)

i
iii
v

3 25
,

2 4
y 25
4

3
2

ii

x=

iv

(1, 0), (4, 0)

12 y = x2 3x 4

f (x) = x 2 + 2x 3 = (x + 3) (x 1)
a

12

x = 3 b (0.898, 0), (3.90, 0) c

b

(2, 9)

y = 2x2 + 6x 7

x=1

0
4

y = 2 x 2 8x 1
b

y = x2 6x 7

(0.423, 0), (1.58, 0)

x=2

1 x

(0, 7)

y = 3x 2 6x + 2
a

10
8
6
4
2

y = x 2 + 6x + 4

(4, 9)

f (x) = x 2 6x 7 = (x 7) (x + 1)

y = x + 4x 5 = (x + 5) (x 1)

a
8

a
7

iii

9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
2
4
6
8
10
(4, 9)

y = x 2x + 3

a
6

x = 4

ii

y = x2 + 8x + 7

y = (x + 2) (x 4)

(0, 7)

Exercise 4L

y = (x 2) (x 6)

f (x) = x 2 + 8x + 7 = (x + 1) (x + 7)
a

y = (x 5) (x + 3)
x=1

1 2 3 x

5 4 3 2 120
4
(1, 4)
6

(0, 0) (1, 0)

y = x2 + 2x 3

y = (x + 1) (x 3)

a
12

1
2

y = x + x = x (x + 1)

a
11

x=

a
10

(1, 1)

y = x 2 + 4 x = x (x + 4)

a
9

y = x x = x (x1)

a
8

(0, 0) (2, 0)

10
8
6
4
2

a
7

x=1

8
4
4

Oxford University Press 2012: this may be reproduced for class use solely for the purchasers institute

4
8

(32 , 254)
Worked solutions: Chapter 4

WORKED SOLUTIONS
5

f (x) = x 2 3x 10 = (x 5) (x + 2)
a

(0, 10)

iii

3 49
,

2 4

x=

ii

(2, 0), (5, 0)

iv

10

49
4

12

y = 3x2 x 4

20

49
12

3
2

10

y = x2 3x 10

2
1 49
,
6 12

4x

Exercise 4N

4
2 0
4

6 x

4
2

(32 , 494)

16

1
ii x =
4

3
iv , 0 ,

(0, 3)

iii 1 , 25
4

x=1

(1, 0)

2
4

(1, 2)

25
8

12

y = 2x2 + x 3

12
x = 1

4
2

( , )
1
4

25
8

6 x

(0, 3)

ii

iii

5 49
,

4 8

iv 1 , 0 ,

x=
2

(3, 0)

x=0
y

4
y

4x

x=2

2
2

f (x) = 3x x 4 = (3x 4) (x + 1)
a

5 49 8
,
4 8

(3, 0)

4
2 0
4

(1.5, 1)

(0, 0)
0
2

16

x = 1.5

12

4 x

4 (0, 1)

49
8

y = 2x2 + 5x 3

5
4

f (x) = 2x 2 + 5x 3 = (2x 1) (x + 3)
a

4 x

16

(1, 3)

f (x) = 2x 2 + x 3 = (2 x + 3) (x 1)
a

(3, 0)
4 x

(1, 0)

12

x=

1
6

(0, 4)

ii

iii

1 49

,
6 12

iv 3 , 0 ,

0
4

(2, 2)
2
(0, 2)

x
(4, 2)

(1, 0)

12

Oxford University Press 2012: this may be reproduced for class use solely for the purchasers institute

Worked solutions: Chapter 4

WORKED SOLUTIONS
y

x = 3.5

8
6

Exercise 4P

4 (0, 4)

1
2

f (x) = ax 2 + b x + c
c = 1

(2, 0)
0

(5, 0)
4

c = 2

f (x) = x + 3x 5 5 x 2
a x+y+5=0
y = 5 x
x 2 + 3x 5 = 5 x
x 2 + 4x = 0
x (x + 4) = 0
x = 0 or 4 (0, 5) (4, 1)
3 a f (x) = 5 + 3x x 2 g(x) = 1
5 + 3x x 2 = 1
x 2 3x 4 = 0
(x 4)(x + 1) = 0
x = 4 or 1 (4, 1), (1, 1)
b f (x) = 5 + 3x x 2 h(x) = 2x + 3
5 + 3x x 2 = 2x + 3
x2 x 2 = 0
(x 2)(x + 1) = 0
x = 2 or 1 (2, 7), (1, 1)
4 b f : range = {y : 3.125 y 18}
x = 1 or 2

f (x) = h(x)
2x 2 x 3 = 2x + 2
2

2x 3x 5 = 0
(2x 5)(x + 1) = 0
x=
f

5
2

b
2a

= 1

b = 2a

3 = a b 2
a b = 1
a 2a = 1
a=1b=2
g(x) = x 2 + 2x 2
2 f (x) = ax 2 + b x + 5
b
=2
2a

b = 4a
(2, 1) 1 = 4a + 2b + 5
4a + 2b = 4
2a + b = 2
2a 4a = 2
a = 1, b = 4
f (x) = x 2 4x + 5
g(x) = ax 2 + bx + 3
b
2a

= 1 b = 2a

(1, 2)

2=a+b+3
a + b = 1
a 2a = 1
a + 1 b = 2
g(x) = x 2 2x + 3

f (x) = ax 2 + bx + 5
b
2a

= 2 b = 4a

(2, 9)

g : range = {y : 2 y 4}
c

= 2 b = 4a

(1, 3)

b
2a

5 = 4a 2b 1
4a 2b = 4
2a b = 2
2a 4a = 2
2a = 2
a=1 b=4
2
f (x) = x + 4x 1
g(x) = ax 2 + bx + c

f (x) = x 2 + 3x 5 = g (x) x 2
a (3, 5), (1, 1)
x 2 + 3x 5 = x 2
x 2 + 2x 3 = 0
(x + 3) (x 1) = 0
x = 3 or 1 (Same as part a)
c h(x) = 2x 3
x 2 + 3x 5 = 2x 3
x2 + x 2 = 0
(x + 2) (x 1) = 0
x = 2 or 1
(2, 7), (1, 1)

(2, 5)

8 x

Exercise 4O
1

(2.12, 1.5), (2.12, 1.5)

f (x) < g(x)
2.12 < x < 2.12

9 = 4a + 2b + 5
2a + b = 2
2a = 2
a = 1 b = 4
f (x) = x 2 + 4x + 5

g(x) = ax 2 + bx + 3
b
2a

= 1 b = 2a

(1, 4)

or 1

(2, 7), (2, 3)

Oxford University Press 2012: this may be reproduced for class use solely for the purchasers institute

4=a+b+3
a+b=1
a = 1
a = 1 b = 2

g(x) = x 2 + 2x + 3

Worked solutions: Chapter 4

WORKED SOLUTIONS
4

f (x) = ax 2 + bx + 2
b
2a

b = 2a

= 1

(1, 5)

5=ab+2

H (t) = 37t t2
a 270 m
b 342.25 m
c 37 s

ab=3
a = 3
a = 3

f (x) = 3x 2 6x + 2

b = 6

g(x) = ax 2 + bx 3
b
2a

b = 4a

= 2

(2, 5)

5 = 4a 2b 3

Exercise 4R
For all questions: y intercept is (0, 1), horizontal
asymptote is y = 0

Exercise 4S
1

f (x) = 2x

2a b = 4
2a = 4
a = 2
5

b = 8

g(x) = 2x 2 8x 3

f (x) = ax2 + bx

b
2a

1
2

b=a

1 1
,
2 2

1
2

1 1
a b
4
2

2 = a 2b
2 = a
a=2

=0

f (x) = 6x

f (x) =

2l + 2w = 170
l + w = 85
l = 85 w
A = lw = w(85 w)
A = w(85 w)
For maximum area, w = 42.5, l = 42.5

1

3

f (x) =

69 units

1

5

y=0

(1)

y= 3

2 x

(0, 1)

y
20
15

p (u) = 0.032u 2 + 46u 3000

3000 riyals

(0, 1)

length = 31.25 m, width = 31.25 m

y=0

For maximum area, w = 31.25, l = 31.25

13531.25 riyals

2 x

A = w (62.5 w)

y=0

y = 6x

2l + 2w = 125

(0, 1)

y
8

2l + w + (w 15) = 110
l = 62.5 w

3 x

10

2=a+3
g(x) = x 2 + 3

length = 42.5 m, width = 42.5 m

b

y=0

20

b=0

Exercise 4Q

y
30

b = 2 f (x) = 2x 2 + 2x

(1, 2)
a = 1

y = 2x

g(x) = ax 2 + bx + 3
b
2a

(0, 1)

y
8

10
5

Oxford University Press 2012: this may be reproduced for class use solely for the purchasers institute

(1)

y= 5

2 x

Worked solutions: Chapter 4

WORKED SOLUTIONS
5

f (x) = 3(2)x + 4
y
25
20
15
10
5

(0, 7)

y=4

11

(0, 2)

y=1

1 2 3 x

f (x) = 2(0.1)x 1 a (0, 1)

y = 1

1 2 x

3 2 1 0

f (x) = 2(4)x 1

(0, 3)

y = 1

12

y
60
50
40
30
20
10 y = 2(0.1)x 1

1 2 x

2 1 0
10
20

30 y = 2(4)x 1

(0, 2)

y=3

Exercise 4T

y = 1(2)x + 3

2
4

f (x) = 4(3)x 2
y
30

y=

4(3)x

f (x) = 4(2)x + 2

(0, 6)

y=2

(0, 0)

y=1

f (x) = 2(2)x + 3 a (0, 1)

y=3

y = 2

y
18
15
12
x
y = 4(2) + 2 9
6
3

1 2 3 x

3 2 1 0

f (x) = 1(2)x + 3

(0, 2)

y = 2

3 2 1 0

y
3
3 2 130
y = 4x + 1 6
9
12
15

10

1 2 3 x

f (x) = 0.5(2)x + 3

(0, 3.5)

y=3
3

y
10
8
6
4
y = 0.5(2)x + 3
2
3 2 1 0

10

y
18
15
12
9
6
y = 2(0.5)x + 1
3
1 2 3 x

1 2 x

y
y = 2(2)x + 3
3
3 2 130
6
9
12

1 2 3 4 x

f (x) = 2(0.5)x + 1

3 2 1 0

1 2 x

f (x) = 4x + 1

20

3 2 1 0

y
18
15
12
9
6
y = 0.4x + 1 3

y = 3(2)x + 4

3 2 1 0

f (x) = 0.4x + 1

(0, 3)

y=1

1 2 x

f (x) = 3(2)x 2

(0, 1)

y
4
3
2
1 y = 3(2)x 2
2 1 0
1
2
3

1 2 3 4 x

Oxford University Press 2012: this may be reproduced for class use solely for the purchasers institute

Worked solutions: Chapter 4

WORKED SOLUTIONS
5

f (x) = 0.5(3)x + 2

(0, 2.5)

y=2

10

f (x) = 5(3)x 2

(0, 3)

y = 2

y
20
16
12
x
y = 5(3) 2 8
4

y
14
12
10
8
6
4
y = 0.5(3)x + 2
2

1 2 3 4 x

4 3 2 1 0
4
8

4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 x

Exercise 4U
6

f (x) = 0.5x + 1

(0, 2)

y=1

y
8

y
8

6
f(x) = 2x + 0.5

4
g(x) = 2x + 0.5

4
y=

0.5x

+1

4 x

f (x) = 2(0.1)x 1

(0, 1)

y = 1
2

y
16
12
8

y = 2(0.1)x 1

(0, 1.5)

y = 0.5

26000 euros

26000 x = 22100 x = 0.85

v (t) = 26000 (0.85)t

M(t) = 150(0.9)t
a

4 x

160
120
M(t)

f (x) = 0.4x + 2

(0, 3)

y=2

80
40

y
16

20 40 60 80 100
t

M=0

M (20)= 18.2 g

M (6) = 79.7

y = 0.4x + 2

4
4

M(t) = 150(0.9)t

12

f (x) = 3(0.2)x + 4
y
32
28
24
20
16
12
8
4

4 x

v(t) = 26000 x t

v (9) = 6022.04 v(10) = 5118.73 10 years

4 x

A (t) = 50(1.06)t
a

(0, 7)

M (7) = 71.7 7 years

y=4

A(t)
160

A(t) = 50(1.06)t

120
80
40
4

y = 3(0.2)x + 4

4 3 2 1 0 1 2 x

12

16

20

days before 1st June.

A (14)= 113 m2

A (8) = 79.7 A (9) = 84.5 t = 8

Oxford University Press 2012: this may be reproduced for class use solely for the purchasers institute

Worked solutions: Chapter 4

10

WORKED SOLUTIONS
5

k + c = 5 and 0 = 2k + c, so c = 10 k = 5

T (t) = 18 + 60(2)t
a

T(t)

80

Exercise 4W

60

1
40
T(t) = 18 + 60(2)t

28.9C

50 = 21 +
29 =

20

d
0

10 t

78C

T (5)= 19.875C

T (1.4) = 40.7 T (1.5) = 39.2 1.5 minutes

18C As t increases T gets closer to 18C

(T = 18 is an asymptote).

18000 USD

D (5) = 10628.82 USD

D (6) = 9565.94 D (7) = 8609.34 7 years

b=
9

2x
a

1
a

(0, 6)

0.8 =

y = 2x + 3
a

4
a

10 a

(2, 0.8)
a=5

A (0, a)

a = 20 + 3
1

b=2 +3
y=3

b = 0.2

90C

100

100C

8=

c
d

x = 0, y = 0
f (x) > 0

3.75

5=3+
6
x

5
x2

5
8

x = 0.791

6
x

=2 x=3

x = 0, y = 3

b=5

range is all real numbers except 3

{y : x , y 3}

Exercise 4X
1

minimum value = 17.5 (when x = 1.71)

75.3 ms 1

50 =

v = x (2x)y = 2x 2y

y=

8.77 hours

1.80 hours, 17.4 hours

50
x2

A = 2x 2 + 6x

Exercise 4V
f (x) = 0.0015x 4 + 0.056x 3 0.60x 2 + 1.65x + 4

300
2x 2

A = 2x 2 + xy + xy +2xy + 2xy
A = 2x 2 + 6xy

(or f (x) > 1)

+2x 2

range = {y : y > 1}

20
x

2x 3 50x + 20 = 0
x = 0.403 s, 4.79 s

x2 =

f(x) = 2(3)x + 1

= 30

12

100
x

= 70 x = 1.43 minutes

16

100
x

a=4

f(x)

x = 2.72 minutes

f (x) = 100

B (1, b)

a = 1.667 b = 19

79
x

79
x

x=0
y = 21
21C

100
x

D (t) = 18000 (0.9)t

f (x) =

(x 2)4 + 6 = 6
(x 2)4 = 0
x=2
f (x) 6

150
2
x

= 2x 2 +

900
x

For minimum area, x = 6.0822, y =

50
6.08222

= 4.0548
length = 6.08 cm, breadth = 12.2 cm,
height = 4.05 cm

Oxford University Press 2012: this may be reproduced for class use solely for the purchasers institute

Worked solutions: Chapter 4

11

WORKED SOLUTIONS
3

v = 1 x 2h
3

f (x) = 8x 1 + 3, x 0
a

x
10 8 5 4 2 1 0
f (x) 2.2 2 1.4 1 1 5 0

b
x
2

l2 = h2 +

x

2

A = x2 +

4 xl
2

1500 =
l=

x 2h
3

2 x 2
h 
2

= x 2 + 2xl = x 2 + 2x
h=

4500 2 x 2

x4
4

x
h2 +
2

y
10
8
6
4
2

4500
x2

A = x 2 + 2x

10 8 6 4 220
4
6
8
10

4500 2 x 2

x4
4

For minimum area, x = 14.7084, h =

4500
14.7084 2

side length = 14.7 m, height = 20.8 m

Let width = x, length = 2x, height = h
320 = 12x + 4h
h = 80 3x
viewing area = 2xh + 2xh + xh
= 5xh
A = 5x (80 3x)
maximum viewing area = 2666.67
= 2670 cm 2

Exercise 4Y
1

x
1 2 4 5 8 10
f (x) 11 7 5 4.6 4 3.8

= 20.8009

{x : x , x 0}

x=0

y=3

y= x +3

2 4 6 8 10 x

Exercise 4Z
Sketch graphs
1

Range : y 1.81

y

y

y 1.25

y<0

or y 2.98

f (x) = 1 + x , x 0
a
b

{x : x , x 0}
x
10 5 4 2 1 0.5 0.2 0
f (x) 0.8 0.6 0.5 0 1 3
9

Exercise 4AA
1

()

1
y=4 x

x
0.2 0.5 1 2 4
5 10
f (x) 11 5 3 2 1.5 1.4 1.2
c

y
10
8
6
4
2
10 8 6 4 220
4
6
8
10

x=0

y=1

y = x2

2 4 6 8 x

8 6 4 2 0
2

b
2
y=1+ x

y
8
6
4
2

(0.254, 0.0646), (1.86, 3.46), (2.11, 4.47)

a, c
y
8
6
4
2

2 4 6 8 10 x

8 6 4 2 0
2
4
6

g(x) = 3x
4
f(x) = 1 + x
2 4 6 8 x

y = 1, x = 0

Oxford University Press 2012: this may be reproduced for class use solely for the purchasers institute

Worked solutions: Chapter 4

12

WORKED SOLUTIONS

4
x

1+

= 3x x = 1 or 1.33

{y : y , y 1}

(0.366, 0.669), (0.633, 2.01)

y=0

y
4
3
2
1
4 3 2 1 0
1
3
2
f(x) = x
3
4

g(x) =

1.32 or 1.32
y

x3

1 2 3 4 x

3
x

x3 = 0

Exercise 4AB

3
x

= x3

2 solutions
3

y = x3 3x2 + 2x

time in hours, water consumption in litres

0700 2000

0700 1200, 1400 1600

1200 1400, 1600 2000

1200 (local maximum at 1600)

0700, 2000 (local minimum at 1400)

time in minutes, temperature in C

100C

35C

1
2

no

approximately 22C

minute

t 0 5 10 15 20
N 1 2 4 8 16

13 s

2(60 5) = 212 = 4096

45 m
1.5 s and 5.5 s
0 3.5 s
3.5 s 7 s
90 m, 3.5 s
ball returns to ground level

2<t<6

2 1 0
2

b
c

4 y = 3x 4

(1.11, 7.34), (1.25, 0.238), (2.86, 4.58)

6

y = x3 + x2 6x

y
8
6
4
2

4 3 2 1 0
2
4
6
8

y=x+2

y
4
3
2
1

4 3 2 1 0
1
2
3
4

ii

2.2 m

iii

0200 and 0600

twice
b 0400 0900
c 1600
d 5C
e 1100 1600
f 1300 and 1930
g no, the temperature at the start of the
following day is 1C whereas it was 3C at the
start of this day.

y = 2x

1 2 3 4 x

(2.99, 0.126), (0.147, 0.903), (2.41, 5.31)

7

3.8 m

16
x 2y = 16 y = x 2

y= x

1 2 3 4 x

x = 1.45 or 3.45

y=0

x=0

x
0.5 1 2 4
8
10
y = f (x) 64 16 4 1 0.25 0.16
y
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

y=

16
x2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 x

tends to zero

Oxford University Press 2012: this may be reproduced for class use solely for the purchasers institute

Worked solutions: Chapter 4

13

WORKED SOLUTIONS
8

3000 cm3

x 2y = 3000

A = x 2 + 4xy = x 2 + 4x

y = 3000
x2

x 2  12000
x

3000
x2

x (m)

10

15

20

25

30

35

A(x) (cm 2)
2400 1300 1000 1000 1100 1300 1600
(2sf )
e

A
2000
1500
1000
500
0

A = x2 +

12 000
x

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 x

x = 18.2

x 2 2x 15 = (x 5)(x + 3)

At

A, x = 3

A = (3, 0)

ii

At

B, x = 1

B = (1, 16)

ii

iii

iv

A (1.68, 1.19)

ii

B (2.41, 1.81)

f (x) < g (x)

y = 2

width = 2.2 x

A = x (2.2 x)

For maximum area, x = 1.1 m

y
4
3
y = 3x2
2
1

10 a

Review exercise
Paper 1 style questions
0000 0600
b 1130 1700
c 13 C
2 c = nr + s
a 35000 = 6r + s
116000 = 24r + s
18r = 81000
r = 4500 SGD
b 35000 = 6 4500 + s
s = 8000 SGD
1

y
2

(5, 0)

6 5 4 3 2 120
4
y = x2 + 5x
6
(2.5, 6.25)
8
10
x = 2.5

x = 0, y = 0

x = 0.693

Paper 2 style questions

1

n = 1500(1.32)t
a 1980, 4554
b

n
5000
4000

(0, 0)

3000

1 2 x

n = 1500(1.32)t

2000
1000
0

h(t) = 30t 5t2

0t6
a h(4) = 40 m
b 45 m
c from t = 1 to t = 5, 4 s
a

f (x) =

(0, n)

1.6 = 2m

f (2) =

2
5

n=1
5

22
5

n = 1500(1.32)2.5 = 3000

ii

t = 4.3366 hours
= 4 hours 20 mins

y
8

m=

8
1.6

=5

y= x

f (x) =

6
3

2
m

(3, 1.6)

1
x

1 2 3 4 x

y=

4 3 2 110
2
3
4

x 2 + 5x = x (x + 5)

1.68 < x < 2.41

8 6 4 2 0
2
4

4
5

Oxford University Press 2012: this may be reproduced for class use solely for the purchasers institute

8 x

6
8

Worked solutions: Chapter 4

14

WORKED SOLUTIONS
b

y = 0, x = 0

y
8
6
4
2

g(x) =

(2.19, 3.39),
(3.19, 7.39)

x = 2.19, 3.19

2x

6
1 2 3 4 x

4 3 2 1 0
2
4
6
8

x = 1.41

{y : y , y 0}

1 2 3 4 x

x=0

y
7
6
5 f(x) = 2(1.5)x + 3
4
3
2
1
3 2 1 0
1
2

f (x) > 3

x = 3.09

y=3

f (t) = 21 + 77(0.8)t
f (0) = 21 + 77 = 98C

y = 21

21C

f (8) = 33.9C

y
8
6
4
2
10 8 6 4 2 0
2
4
6
8

(0.5, 6.25)

(0, 1)

y = 3(2)x + 9

y=9

(2.73, 8.55), (0.454, 6.81), (1.53, 0.362)

x 2
10

P=

+ 10x 60

x 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
P 60 30 100 150 180 190 180 150 100 30

y
200
150
100
50
0
50

f(x) = x2 x 6

P=
20

x2
+ 10x 60
10

40

190 euros

iv

60 euros

2 4 6 8 10 x
(2.65, 0)
g(x) = 1 2x

1 2 3 4 x

4 3 2 1 0
2
4
6

1 2 3 x

y
10
8
6
4
2

a = 4.33 b = 7.5

f (x) = 2(1.5)x + 3
a

f(x) = x2 3

4 3 2 1 0
2
4
6

b
3

y
10
8
6
4
2

60

ii

80

50

iii

33 or 67

y
8 (0, 7)
6
4
2

4 3 2 1 0
2
4
6
8

(2.65, 0)
1 2 3 4 x

y = x2 7

(0, 7), (2.65, 0), (2.65, 0)

Oxford University Press 2012: this may be reproduced for class use solely for the purchasers institute

Worked solutions: Chapter 4

15

WORKED SOLUTIONS
b

y
8
6
4
2

(2.65, 0)

x=

k=2

y = 7 x2

(2.65, 0)
1 2 3 4 x

4 3 2 1 0
2
4
6
8 (0, 7)

x = 2.65

c = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

x2
2

x 2
2

+ 2x

b
2a

2
1

y
4
3
2
1

=2 x=2

x2

f(x) = 2

(4, 0)
0
3 2 1
1 2 3 4 5 x
1
2
x2
g(x) = + 2x
2
3
4
(0, 0)

f (x) < g (x)

0<x<2

x 2 2x = 0
x (x 2) = 0
x = 0 or 2

(0, 0), (2, 2)

Oxford University Press 2012: this may be reproduced for class use solely for the purchasers institute

Worked solutions: Chapter 4

16