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Improved K-value Correlation for UAE Crude Oil Components at High Pressures Using
PVT Laboratory Data
R.A. Almehaideb, I. Ashour, and K.A. El-Fattah
Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, UAE University
Copyright 2002, Society of Petroleum Engineers, Inc.
This paper was prepared for presentation at the 10th Abu Dhabi International Petroleum
Exhibition and Conference, 13-16 October 2002.
This paper was selected for presentation by an SPE Program Committee following review of
information contained in an abstract submitted by the author(s). Contents of the paper, as
presented, have not been reviewed by the Society of Petroleum Engineers and are subject to
correction by the author(s). The material, as presented, does not necessarily reflect any
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Abstract
In this paper, 732 high-pressure K-values obtained from PVT
analysis of 17 crude oil and gas samples from a number of
petroleum reservoirs in the UAE are used. Material Balance
techniques are used to extract the K-values of crude oil and
gas components from the Constant Volume Depletion (CVD)
and Differential Liberation (DL) tests for the oil and gas
samples respectively. These K-values are then correlated and
the resulting correlation compared with published correlations.
Comparisons of results show that currently published
correlations give poor estimates of K-values for nonhydrocarbon and hydrocarbon components, while the
proposed new correlation improved significantly the average
absolute deviation for non-hydrocarbon and hydrocarbon
components. The average absolute error between experimental
and predicted K-values for the new correlation was 20.5%
compared with 76.1% for the Whitson and Torp correlation,
84.27% for the Wilson correlation, and 105.8 for the
McWilliams correlation. Additionally, the bubble point and
dew point pressures are calculated for these 17 samples and
compared with experimental values. The average absolute
error in the saturation pressures for the new correlation was
6.08 % compared with 56.34 % for the Wilson correlation,
57.84 % for the Whitson and Torp correlation, and 9.28 % for
the Peng-Robinson equation of state with default parameters.
1. Introduction
Equilibrium ratios play a fundamental role in the
understanding of phase behavior of hydrocarbon mixtures.
They are important in predicting compositional changes under
varying temperature and pressure in reservoirs, surface
5.37(1+i ) 1
p
K i = ci e
p
Tci
(2)
IMPROVED K-VALUE CORRELATION FOR UAE CRUDE OIL COMPONENTS AT HIGH PRESSURES
A 1
p ci
5.37 A (1+ i ) 1
e
Tci
(3)
where,
p 14.7
A = 1
p k 14.7
0.6
(4)
(5)
SPE 78581
where T is in R and p is in psia. aT1, aT2, aT3, ap1, ap2, and ap3
are constants. McWilliams equation is valid from -70oC (365.7
R) to200oC (851.7 R) and from 14.69 psia to 870.7 psia.
Even though the Whitson and Torp correlation is the only one
designed for high-pressure systems, we will include in the
comparisons both the Wilson correlation as the basis for the
Whitson-Torp correlation, and the McWilliams correlation,
which it and the Whitson-Torp correlation both form the basis
for the developed correlation.
3. Developed K-values correlation
In this study, the form of equation that is developed is based
on the polynomial form used by the McWilliams correlation
(Eq. 6) but with additional term as a function of used for the
C7+ fraction only, and an adjustment for the effect of
composition similar to the one suggested by Whitson and Torp
(Eq. 3). The developed equation is:
p
K New = ci
i
pk
A 1
p ci [AK*i ]
e
p
(7)
*
where K i is:
K *i =
a T1
a
+ T 2 + a T 3 + a p1 ln p
T
T
a p 2 a p3 a
+
+
+
p
p2
2
(8)
and Pci, Pk, and A are as defined previously in the Whitson and
Torp correlation. The polynomial equation of the McWilliams
correlation provided a more flexible form to fit the data while
the theoretical requirement that all K-values should converge
to one at the convergence pressure was provided by the
Whitson-Torp adjustment. The constants of Eq. 8 have been
computed by minimization of the following objective
function:
i =1
K iExt
i=1
(9)
SPE 78581
Mb
b
(13)
(14)
Using the real gas law, the corresponding moles of vapor nvk
are calculated from
x ik =
n tk = 1 n pj
(10)
j=2
Also, the total composition of the fluid in the cell for the i
component at pressure stage k, can be expressed as
k
z i1 n pj y j
z ik =
j= 2
n tk
(11)
Zd * R * T
,
pd
(12)
n vk =
p k Vvk
Zk R T
(15)
(16)
(17)
Dew-point pressure,
SPE 78581
R si =
2138 n gi STO
n Li n L (i +1) ........n Lfinl M STO
(18)
(20)
The liquid mole fraction xi for each stage are then calculated
using the component material balance given the feed mole
fraction zi and the gas mole fraction yi coming out of each
stage:
xi =
zi n g yi
(1 n g )
(21)
(17)
SPE 78581
4.
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to acknowledge the managements of
Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC) and Abu Dhabi
Offshore Operating Oil Company (ADMA-OPCO) for
providing the data used in this study. This work was part of a
funded research project by ADNOC through the UAE
Universitys Center for Externally Funded Research (eFORS).
References
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
McWilliams 1973.
7.
8.
9.
SPE 78581
Table 1. Calculation of k-values from CVD data for well G1, pressure step from 3983 to 3480 psia and 250 K.
Data:
Calculations:
COMP
N2
CO2
H2S
C1
C2
C3
I-C4
n-C4
I-C5
n-C5
C6
C7+
M
28.01
44.01
34
16.04
30.07
44.1
58.12
58.12
72.15
72.15
84.89
134.71
Zi
0.0027
0.0435
0.0235
0.731
0.06002
0.0348
0.00812
0.01763
0.0073
0.00919
0.0115
0.05074
yi
0.28
4.55
2.38
75.17
6.02
3.39
0.77
1.66
0.67
0.78
0.99
3.34
M*Zi
0.075627
1.914435
0.799
11.72524
1.804801
1.53468
0.471934
1.024656
0.526695
0.663059
0.976235
6.835185
n p * Z i
0.00024
0.003952
0.002113
0.06581
0.005364
0.003037
0.000702
0.001527
0.000639
0.000746
0.00095
0.003721
M * yi
0.078428
2.002455
0.8092
12.05727
1.810214
1.49499
0.447524
0.964792
0.483405
0.56277
0.840411
5.397977
zjk
0.0027
0.043403
0.023471
0.730016
0.059983
0.034858
0.008141
0.017672
0.00731
0.009267
0.011578
0.051601
Xjk
0.0027
0.023143
0.017393
0.525399
0.052285
0.047014
0.012598
0.026383
0.009336
0.025272
0.027785
0.230692
K
1
1.922788
1.368363
1.410547
1.155218
0.727444
0.627062
0.651927
0.771237
0.332388
0.385097
0.181628
SPE 78581
Table 2 Calculation of K-values from DL data for well O5 at 3315 psia & 255 oF.
Data:
Bo = 1.866 bbl/STB; Rs = 155 SCF/STB; ob = 37.39 lb/ft3
Calculation:
Comp.
N2
CO2
H2S
C1
C2
C3
I-C4
n-C4
I-C5
n-C5
C6
C7+
Comp.
N2
Calculation
xi
0.001477448
0.020152225
0.009360238
0.410467628
0.055976854
0.049090208
0.013636202
0.031030565
0.0170546
0.021639467
0.038852821
0.331261744
Ki
2.84274
1.453934
0.790578
1.963614
1.136184
0.778159
0.608674
0.554292
0.386992
0.355831
0.164724
0.015396
Table 3. Constant for the new proposed correlation for UAE crudes at high pressures
at1
at2
At3
ap1
ap2
ap3
-292,859
-0.0414778
26.2743
0.863344
53.9314
-326.847
a
0
CO2
-292,859
-0.0141359
16.2443
-0.564467
48.8615
-1331.41
H2S
C1
C2
C3
I-C4
n-C4
I-C5
n-C5
C6
C7+
-292,860
-292,865
-687,248
-970,689
-1,166,846
-1,280,557
-1,481,582
-1,524,891
-1,778,903
-1,778,901
-0.0143991
-0.00517572
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.0143639
10.9477
5.92040
-1.78470
-3.56546
-2.95603
-4.035319
-6.38713
-3.54244
-8.45991
-6.00502
-0.132753
0.00998217
0.426990
0.622591
0.560224
0.671446
0.968672
0.587370
1.159219
-1.10606
59.900
35.2435
40.1669
5.09279
2.02686
-2.93233
-3.39020
-8.57084
-5.06920
-1.03540
57.1915
54.8676
541.117
688.0477
444.792
674.646
747.110
397.476
873.201
-376.926
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.733643
Table 4. Statistical comparison of four correlations for all components using UAE data
Component
Proposed Correlation Wilson Correlation Whitson &Torp Corr. Polynomial corr.
AAD
SD
AAD
SD
AAD
SD
AAD
SD
All
20.50
34.04
84.27 170.43
76.12
130.99
105.83 95.59
SPE 78581
10
K value
1
5000
Pressure, psia
K value
I-C4
0.1
5000
0.1
0
50 F
100 F
150 F
200 F
250 F
300 F
350 F
0.1
5000
Pressure, psia
0.1
0
0.1
0.01
0
5000
Pressure, psia
10000
50 F
100 F
150 F
200 F
250 F
300 F
350 F
0.1
0.01
5000
Pressure, psia
K value
0.1
5000
Pressure, psia
10000
1
I-C5
0.1
0.01
5000
50 F
100 F
150 F
200 F
250 F
300 F
350 F
10000
Pressure, psia
C6's
50 F
100 F
150 F
200 F
250 F
300 F
350 F
C3H8
50 F
100 F
150 F
200 F
250 F
300 F
350 F
10000
10
10000
1
K value
k value
N-C5
5000
Pressure, psia
5000
Pressure, psia
0
50 F
100 F
150 F
200 F
250 F
300 F
350 F
N-C4
Pressure, psia
1
10000
10000
0.1
0
50 F
100 F
150 F
200 F
250 F
300 F
350 F
H2S
10000
C2H6
50 F
100 F
150 F
200 F
250 F
300 F
350 F
5000
Pressure, psia
10
10000
10000
CH4
10
10
K value
5000
Pressure, psia
K value
50 F
100 F
150 F
200 F
250 F
300 F
350 F
CO2
K value
1
0.1
100
10000
50 F
100 F
150 F
200 F
250 F
300 F
350 F
1
K value
10
50 F
100 F
150 F
200 F
250 F
300 F
350 F
K value
N2
100
K value
K value
1000
C7+
0.1
0.01
0.001
0.0001
0
5000
10000
Pressure, psia
Fig. 1 K-values for all components from the new correlation for a typical crude oil at a convergence pressure of 8000 psi
50 F
100 F
150 F
200 F
250 F
300 F
350 F
100
C1
10
1
C2
CO2
I-C4
0.1
0.01
n-C4
I-C5
0.001
0.0001
0.00001
0.001
100
C3
K Wilson
K Wilson
SPE 78581
N-C5
C6
0.01
0.1
10
100
0.1
0.1
C7+
1000
100
100
C3
10
I-C4
n-C4
I-C5
n-C5
0.1
CO2
C2
H2S
10
N2
0.1
C6
0.1
C7+
0.1
1
10
Extracted K value
10
C1
0.001
0.001 0.01
Extracted K value
100 1000
10
100
C1
1000
Extracted K value
C2
C3
10
I-C4
n-C4
0.1
I-C5
n-C5
0.01
CO2
K McWilliams
100
K McWilliams
N2
Extracted K value
H2S
10
1
C6
0.001
0.001 0.01
0.1
10
100
0.1
0.1
1000
Extracted K value
CO2
100
H2S
CO2
H2S
N2
N2
I-C4
n-C4
I-C5
n-C5
0.1
C6
0.01
C7+
0.001
0.1
10
100 1000
Extracted K value
K new
K new
C3
10
0.001 0.01
100
100
C2
100
1
10
Extracted K value
C1
1000
K new
H2S
10
10
10
1
1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
10
1
10
Extracted K value
Extracted
K values
100
100
10
SPE 78581
100
80
New
Wilson
PR-EOS
60
40
% Deviation
20
0
-20
-40
-60
-80
-100
G1
G2
G3
O1
O2
O3
O4
O5
O6
O7
O8
Well Number
Fig. 10 Comparisons of errors associated with evaluation of saturation pressures using the different correlations