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Applications of Differentiation
Polynomial, rational and transcendental functions are differentiable at all points in their domains.
If f(x) is continuous, CN at c:
1. f changes sign from + to at c
Points of Inflection
If f continuous, has a tangent line
at c, and
1. If f (c) < 0 ,
then local max at c.
2. If f (c) > 0 ,
then local min at c.
3. If f (c) = 0 , the test fails. So try
the 1st Derivative Test.
Symmetry
Other considerations:
Domain when f ( x) = DNE
No 0 in denominator
Over y-axis: f ( x) = f ( x)
About the origin: f ( x) = f ( x)
x-intercept let y = 0, ( x, 0)
Oblique Asymptotes
Examine end behavior: lim f ( x) =
S. Stirling 2013
Let f be a twice-differentiable on
open interval I.
1. If f ( x) > 0 ( f increasing),
then f is convave upward in I
2. If f ( x) < 0 ( f decreasing),
then f is convave downward
in I
Use 2nd derivative sign chart to
analyze behavior in the intervals:
use f ( x) = 0 or f ( x) = DNE .
x c
No negative
No log of 0 or negative
Behavior of Trig. and Inverse
Trig functions.
y-intercept let x = 0, ( 0, y )
Continuity
f (c) = lim f ( x)
x c
Differentiable
No discontinuity
No sharp points
No vertical tangents
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Ch 04 Summary.doc
Name _____________________________
f ( x + x) f ( x) + f ( x)dx
y = f (c) + f (c)( x c)
S. Stirling 2013
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Ch 04 Summary.doc
Name _____________________________
Existence Theorems. Always check the hypothesis of a theorem before applying it! Remember:
Polynomial, rational and transcendental functions are differentiable at all points in their domains. And that
differentiability implies continuity.)
EVT (check hypothesis!)
guarantees an absolute max
and min on a closed interval
extreme values can occur at
CNs and/or at the endpoints.
Rolles Theorem
Let f be continuous on a closed interval [a, b] and
differentiable on the open interval (a, b).
If f (a) = f (b)
then there exists at least one number c in (a, b)
such that f (c) = 0 .
f (c) =
f (b) f (a)
ba
S. Stirling 2013
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