H.-Y. ZHANG et al.: Phase Equilibria of Alkali Nitrates (NaNO3, KNO3, RbNO3, CsNO3)..., Kem. Ind.

63 (5-6) 155162 (2014)

Phase Equilibria of Alkali Nitrates (NaNO3,

KNO3, RbNO3, CsNO3) in Glycerol + H2O
System at Various Temperatures

155

DOI: 10.15255/KUI.2013.015
KUI-10/2014
Received July 17, 2013
Accepted October 31, 2013

H.-Y. Zhang,a,b S.-N. Li,a Q.-G. Zhai,a

Y.-M. Ou,b Y.-C. Jiang,a and M.-C. Hua*
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and
Materials Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xian, Shaanxi, 710 062
b
Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Hechi University, Yizhou, Guangxi, 546 300
a

By using a homemade research device for phase equilibrium, the equilibrium solubility of the alkali
nitrates (NaNO3/KNO3/RbNO3/CsNO3) in the mixed solvent glycerol [HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH] +
H2O in the mass fraction range of glycerol (0.0 to 1.0) at 35 and 45 C was measured. Moreover,
the density and refractive index of the saturated solutions of NaNO3/KNO3/RbNO3/CsNO3 + mixed
solvent glycerol + H2O were determined. The experimental results showed that, in all systems, with
the increase of mass fraction of glycerol, the solubility of the salts and the density of the solution decreased, while the refractive index increased gradually. The solubility, refractive index, and density
data were fitted by a four-parameter empirical equation.
Key words: Alkali nitrate, glycerol, solubility, density, refractive index

Introduction
Aqueous solutions containing salts are of increasing importance in separation and purification processes in chemical
engineering. For example, the addition of an organic solvent
to the aqueous solution of a salt normally decreases the solubility of the salt, which is called salting out effect. Therefore, investigations of the physicochemical properties of inorganic salts in organic solvents + water, such as solubility
data together with density, refractive index and so on, are of
great scientific importance. For instance, much research has
been done on the physicochemical properties of NaCl/KCl
+ alcohol + H2O systems. Gomis et al. investigated the ternary systems of alcohol (propan-1-ol, propan-2-ol, pentan-2-ol, pentan-3-ol, 2-methylbutan-2-ol, 2-methylbutan-1-ol,
and pentan-1-ol) + MCl (M = Na, K) + water at 298.15
K.14 Galleguillos et al.5 reported the solubilities, densities,
and refractive indices of systems NaCl/KCl + ethanol + H2O
at different temperatures. Some researchers focused on the
study of systems that include alkali nitrates. For example, reported were the solubility, refractive index, density, electrical
conductivity and viscosity of NaNO3 + H2O + poly(ethylene glycol),6 KNO3 + H2O + propan-2-ol,7 and LiNO3 in
organic solvent (methanol, ethanol, propan-1-ol, propan-2-ol and butan-1-ol).8
In previous work, our research groups have focused on
the physical-chemical properties of rare alkali metal (Rb
*

Corresponding author: Dr. Man-Cheng Hu

e-mail: hmch@snnu.edu.cn

and Cs) salts + alcohol/PEG (polyethylene glycol) + water

systems.912 As a continuation of our work in this field, this
paper presents the systematic study we carried out on the
properties, including solubility, density and refractive index
of the ternary systems of NaNO3/KNO3/RbNO3/CsNO3 +
glycerol [CH3CH(OH)CH2OH] + H2O at 35 and 45 C. The
data for the saturated systems were measured and correlated with an empirical equation. We also present a simple
method for analysing the composition of the ternary systems
by combining the refractive index and density.

Experimental
Materials
The reagents used were glycerol (purity > 99.0 %, Shanghai), sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate (purity > 99.5 %,
Shanghai), rubidium nitrate (purity > 99.5 %, Shanghai) and
cesium nitrate (purity > 99.5 %, Sichuan). All of the chemicals used in this study were used without further purification. The above salts were preheated at 110 C and dried to
constant weight for 48 h. All the reagents were then stored
over silica gel in desiccators. Double distilled water was used
throughout this work.
Apparatus and procedure
The phase equilibrium study was carried out by mixing
known masses of glycerol and water with excess salt. A detailed description of the equipment used in this paper has
been presented in former work.9 All the samples were prepared by mass using an analytical balance with precision of

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H.-Y. ZHANG et al.: Phase Equilibria of Alkali Nitrates (NaNO3, KNO3, RbNO3, CsNO3)..., Kem. Ind. 63 (5-6) 155162 (2014)

1 104 g (Mettler Toledo, AL204). The samples were

fixed on the carrier plate and stirred for 24 h. After standing
for another 48 h ensuring that equilibrium was established,
samples of the solution were taken for phase composition
analysis.
Refractive indices and densities of the solutions were determined using RXA 170 refractometer and DMA 4500 vibrating tube densimeter (Anton Paar) with precision of 4
105 and 1 105 g cm3, respectively. Both instruments
were calibrated prior to initiation of each series of measurements, using air and deionized distilled water as reference
substances.
For ternary systems containing organic compound (1) + salt
(2) + water (3), the refractive index and density of the solution depends both on the content of the organic component and the salt.13,14 For dilute aqueous solutions containing
glycerol and a salt, the relation between the refractive index,
nD, or density, , and the mass fractions of glycerol w1, and
a salt, w2 is given by:
g cm3 = a1 + b1 w1 + c1 w2

(1)

nD = a2 + b2 w1 + c2 w2

(2)

where is the density, nD is the refractive index, w1 is the

mass fraction of the alkali metal nitrates in the solution, w2
is the mass fraction of the glycerol in the solution. a1, b1, c1,
a2, b2 and c2 are parameters of the equation. The samples
for calibration were prepared containing the salt with mass
fraction of 0, 3 %, 6 % and glycerol with known and varying content. Then the density and refractive index of the
samples were determined at 25 C and plotted against the
mass fraction of glycerol as shown in Fig. 1. The values of
the six coefficients for the studied systems were obtained
by the calibration plots listed in Table 1. However, it should
be noted that this equation is only valid for dilute solutions
of glycerol and salt (w1 < 0.06, w2 < 0.45). Therefore, it
was necessary to dilute the samples before measurement of
refractive index and density. Then the combined equations
1 and 2 can be solved, and w1 and w2 in the ternary systems
can be determined.

Fig . 1
Slika

Density (a) and refractive index (b) calibration curves

for the CsNO3 + HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH + H2O
system at 25 C
1 Kalibracijske krivulje gustoe (a) i indeksa loma (b)
za sustav CsNO3 + HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH + H2O
pri 25 C

Results and discussion

The solubility, density and refractive index data of the ternary saturated solution NaNO3/ KNO3/RbNO3/CsNO3 (w1)
+ glycerol (w2) + H2O (w3) at 35 C and 45 C are listed in
Table 2. Table 3 presents the solubility and refractive index
data of alkali metal nitrates at 45 C in pure water. It can be
seen that the obtained experimental data in this paper are in
good agreement with the literature.1517

Ta b l e 1
Density and refractive index parameters of equations 1 and 2
T a b l i c a 1 Parametri jednadbi 1 i 2 za gustou i indeks loma
Salt
Sol

a1

b1

c1

a2

b2

c2

KNO3

0.99447

0.67367

0.26012

1.33091

0.11600

0.13194

NaNO

0.99447

0.60433

0.26111

1.33091

0.07750

0.13303

RbNO3

0.99447

0.71633

0.26233

1.33091

0.06700

0.13265

CsNO3

0.99440

0.74667

0.26054

1.33102

0.05233

0.13233

H.-Y. ZHANG et al.: Phase Equilibria of Alkali Nitrates (NaNO3, KNO3, RbNO3, CsNO3)..., Kem. Ind. 63 (5-6) 155162 (2014)

Ta b l e 2

Solubility, density (), and refractive index (nD) for systems MNO3 (1) + glycerol (2) + H2O (3)
(M = Na, K, Rb, Cs) at 35 and 45 C
T a b l i c a 2 Topljivost, gustoa () i indeks loma (nD) sustava MNO3 (1) + glicerol (2) + H2O (3) (M = Na, K,
Rb, Cs) pri 35 i 45 C
w2

w1

/ (g cm3)

nD

w1

w2

/ (g cm3)

nD

35 C NaNO3 (1) + HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH (2) + H2O (3)

0.0000

0.4999

1.40465

1.39039

0.4724

0.2677

1.33232

1.42614

0.0752

0.4629

1.39390

1.39471

0.5629

0.2343

1.32276

1.43443

0.1385

0.4237

1.38104

1.39943

0.6521

0.2020

1.31884

1.44481

0.2236

0.3833

1.36927

1.40482

0.7556

0.1677

1.31542

1.45660

0.2975

0.3465

1.35579

1.41077

0.8695

0.1349

1.31444

1.47066

0.3871

0.3047

1.34292

1.41755

35 C KNO3 (1) + HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH (2) + H2O (3)

0.0000

0.3320

1.24458

1.36549

0.5246

0.1283

1.22066

1.41505

0.0702

0.2951

1.23327

1.37088

0.6283

0.1030

1.23049

1.42719

0.1489

0.2578

1.22308

1.37734

0.7315

0.0829

1.24295

1.44018

0.2336

0.2194

1.21656

1.38498

0.8406

0.0654

1.25838

1.45425

0.3244

0.1850

1.21468

1.39404

0.9511

0.0500

1.27912

1.47076

0.4234

0.1517

1.21593

1.40409

35 C RbNO3 (1) + HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH (2) + H2O (3)

0.0000

0.4936

1.48389

1.37078

0.4884

0.1878

1.31572

1.41526

0.0562

0.4389

1.45091

1.37421

0.5967

0.1487

1.30861

1.42685

0.1255

0.3739

1.41807

1.37995

0.7051

0.1195

1.30411

1.43987

0.2031

0.3242

1.38099

1.38617

0.8171

0.0927

1.30296

1.45294

0.2906

0.2748

1.34956

1.39497

0.9310

0.0694

1.30209

1.46608

0.3885

0.2243

1.32745

1.40424

35 C CsNO3 (1) + HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH (2) + H2O (3)

0.0000

0.2904

1.23655

1.35122

0.5239

0.1268

1.24377

1.41446

0.0744

0.2560

1.23283

1.35862

0.6282

0.1025

1.25161

1.42657

0.1543

0.2282

1.23181

1.36853

0.7337

0.0828

1.26282

1.43978

0.2394

0.2019

1.23153

1.37861

0.8412

0.0652

1.27565

1.45708

0.3310

0.1725

1.23399

1.38996

0.9499

0.0501

1.28974

1.46953

0.4252

0.1494

1.23908

1.40159

45 C NaNO3 (1) + HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH (2) + H2O (3)

0.0000

0.5223

1.42192

1.39141

0.4711

0.2882

1.34263

1.42667

0.0722

0.4862

1.40778

1.39533

0.5537

0.2519

1.33215

1.43382

0.1375

0.4460

1.39485

1.40029

0.6502

0.2122

1.32496

1.44352

0.2204

0.4049

1.38015

1.40617

0.7559

0.1781

1.32034

1.45311

0.2930

0.3654

1.36723

1.41196

0.8656

0.1460

1.31775

1.46483

0.3848

0.3253

1.35423

1.41879
(continued on page 158)
(nastavlja se na str. 158)

157

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H.-Y. ZHANG et al.: Phase Equilibria of Alkali Nitrates (NaNO3, KNO3, RbNO3, CsNO3)..., Kem. Ind. 63 (5-6) 155162 (2014)

Ta b l e 2

Solubility, density (), and refractive index (nD) for systems MNO3 (1) + glycerol (2) + H2O (3)
(M = Na, K, Rb, Cs) at 35 and 45 C (continued)
T a b l i c a 2 Topljivost, gustoa () i indeks loma (nD) sustava MNO3 (1) + glicerol (2) + H2O (3) (M = Na, K,
Rb, Cs) pri 35 i 45 C (nastavak)
w2

w1

/ (g cm3)

nD

w1

w2

/ (g cm3)

nD

45 C KNO3 (1) + HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH (2) + H2O (3)

0.0000

0.4202

1.28548

1.37064

0.5077

0.1527

1.22971

1.41212

0.0653

0.3580

1.26843

1.37369

0.6152

0.1230

1.23706

1.42380

0.1360

0.3021

1.25489

1.37874

0.7221

0.0968

1.24875

1.43781

0.2210

0.2616

1.24286

1.38495

0.8294

0.0786

1.26231

1.45365

0.3156

0.2210

1.23349

1.39288

0.9410

0.0595

1.27849

1.46839

0.4077

0.1828

1.22995

1.40048

45 C RbNO3 (1) + HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH (2) + H2O (3)

0.0000

0.5794

1.58932

1.38174

0.4654

0.2256

1.34156

1.41549

0.0479

0.5216

1.53699

1.38373

0.5741

0.1813

1.32507

1.42592

0.1081

0.4612

1.49599

1.38702

0.6861

0.1432

1.31653

1.43937

0.1810

0.3981

1.44888

1.39218

0.8021

0.1092

1.31322

1.45167

0.2657

0.3374

1.40508

1.39761

0.9208

0.0795

1.31035

1.46592

0.3626

0.2760

1.36723

1.40634

45 C CsNO3 (1) + HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH (2) + H2O (3)

Ta b l e

0.0000

0.3585

1.31475

1.35598

0.5095

0.1507

1.26886

1.41290

0.0692

0.3086

1.29815

1.36131

0.6096

0.1290

1.27009

1.42742

0.1466

0.2673

1.28645

1.36963

0.7176

0.1028

1.27699

1.44125

0.2300

0.2333

1.27714

1.37881

0.8260

0.0821

1.28407

1.45529

0.3174

0.2063

1.27233

1.38842

0.9348

0.0651

1.29468

1.47009

0.4115

0.1769

1.26901

1.40027

Comparison of solubility (S) and refractive index

(nD) of the alkali nitrates in pure water at 45 C
T a b l i c a 3 Usporedba topljivosti (S) i indeksa loma (nD) alkalijskih nitrata u istoj vodi pri 45 C
Salt
Sol

This work
Ovo istraivanje

Literature
Literatura

S (w / %)

nD

S (w / %)

NaNO3

52.23

1.39141

52.25

KNO3

42.02

1.37064

42.10*16

RbNO3

57.94

CsNO3

35.85

15

nD
1.391115

1.38174

17

57.48

1.383717

1.35598

35.2818

1.358218

The value is calculated by the fitting equation S = A + bT + cT2 obtained

from the data of reference 18.
*
Vrijednost je izraunata jednadbom S = A + bT + cT2 prema podatcima
iz lit. izvora 18.
*

Fig. 2 depicts the variation trend of solubility, density and

refractive index versus the mass fraction of glycerol for the

systems RbNO3/CsNO3 (w1) + glycerol (w2) + H2O (w3) at

25 and 35 C. As shown in Fig. 2a for the systems at fixed
temperature, with increasing mass fraction of glycerol, the
solubility of the salt in the mixed solvent decreased. Furthermore, the higher the temperature, the higher is the solubility.
However, the variation tendency of density for the systems
is slightly different from that of solubility as presented in Fig.
2b. For RbNO3 + glycerol + H2O systems, the density tendency is similar to that of solubility, which suggests that the
density is mainly affected by the solubility. But for CsNO3 +
glycerol + H2O, in the entire concentration range of glycerol, the density changed slightly. This phenomenon may be
caused by both the density and the content of glycerol. The
higher the glycerol content in the mixed solvent, the lower
is the solubility of CsNO3. But at the same time, because of
the higher density of glycerol itself, the higher the content
of glycerol in the mixed solvent, the higher is the density of
solution. The effect of the glycerol content was more obvious in the systems KNO3 + glycerol + H2O. That is, the
density first decreases and then increases with increasing of
the glycerol content.

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H.-Y. ZHANG et al.: Phase Equilibria of Alkali Nitrates (NaNO3, KNO3, RbNO3, CsNO3)..., Kem. Ind. 63 (5-6) 155162 (2014)

The refractive indices of the systems are given in Fig. 2c.

First, the refractive index of the solution rises with the increase of the glycerol content, showing the contrary variation
trend to solubility and density. This is, however, completely
different from the systems of NaCl/KCl + ethanol + H2O5
and KNO3 + propan-2-ol + H2O.7 Moreover, the refractive
indices of the systems almost overlapped, except for RbNO3
+ glycerol + H2O at low concentrations of glycerol. This
can be explained by the two contrary factors that affect the
refractive index of the systems. It is known that the refractive
index increases with the increase in salt concentration and
decreases with the rise in temperature. Thus, the increase
by higher solubility induced by higher temperature and the
decrease in temperature itself balanced themselves out.

Fig . 2

For the studied systems, the empirical equation (3)5 can be

used for the fitting of solubility, density and refractive data.
The resulting parameter values and relative standard deviation are listed in Table 4.
Y = A0 + A1 w2 + A2 w22 + A3 w23,

(3)

wherein Y represents the solubility, density, or refractive index in the studied systems, Ai denote fitting parameters and
w2 represents the mass fraction of glycerol. The standard deviations ranged from 0.0002 to 0.0032. It can be concluded
that the equation can be satisfactorily used to correlate the
experimental data.

Solubility (a), density (b), and refractive index (c) for the ternary systems
RbNO3/CsNO3 (1) + HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH (2) + H2O (3) at 35 C and 45 C
S l i k a 2 Topljivosti (a), gustoe (b) i indeksi loma (c) za trokomponentne sustave
RbNO3/CsNO3 (1) + HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH (2) + H2O (3) pri 35 C i 45 C

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H.-Y. ZHANG et al.: Phase Equilibria of Alkali Nitrates (NaNO3, KNO3, RbNO3, CsNO3)..., Kem. Ind. 63 (5-6) 155162 (2014)

Ta b l e 4
Values of Eq. (3) parameters
T a b l i c a 4 Vrijednosti parametara jedn. (3)
Systems
Sustavi

A0

A1

A2

A3

mass fraction / maseni udjel

35 C NaNO3 (1) + HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH (2) + H2O (3)

0.5014

0.5686

0.1550

0.0167

0.0014

45 C NaNO3 (1) + HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH (2) + H2O (3)

0.5233

0.5649

0.1056

0.0495

0.0017

35 C KNO3 (1) + HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH (2) + H2O (3)

0.3328

0.5716

0.4028

0.1202

0.0011

45 C KNO3 (1) + HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH (2) + H2O (3)

0.4139

0.8636

0.8657

0.3732

0.0043

35 C RbNO3 (1) + HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH (2) + H2O (3)

0.4910

0.9914

0.9292

0.3788

0.0027

45 C RbNO3 (1) + HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH (2) + H2O (3)

0.5766

1.1580

1.0583

0.4217

0.0016

35 C CsNO3 (1) + HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH (2) + H2O (3)

0.2885

0.4215

0.2466

0.0715

0.0013

45 C CsNO3 (1) + HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH (2) + H2O (3)

0.3538

0.6438

0.6201

0.2835

0.0032

density / gustoa
35 C NaNO3 (1) + HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH (2) + H2O (3)

1.4056

0.1737

0.0026

0.0955

0.0011

45 C NaNO3 (1) + HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH (2) + H2O (3)

1.4220

0.2041

0.0464

0.0586

0.0005

35 C KNO3 (1) + HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH (2) + H2O (3)

1.2444

0.1838

0.0464

0.0787

0.0005

45 C KNO3 (1) + HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH (2) + H2O (3)

1.2855

0.2788

0.3059

0.1135

0.0006

35 C RbNO3 (1) + HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH (2) + H2O (3)

1.4859

0.6721

0.3958

0.3407

0.0018

45 C RbNO3 (1) + HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH (2) + H2O (3)

1.5857

0.9506

0.8273

0.4561

0.0021

35 C CsNO3 (1) + HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH (2) + H2O (3)

1.2361

0.0474

1.1274

0.0225

0.0005

45 C CsNO3 (1) + HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH (2) + H2O (3)

1.3134

0.2214

0.1308

0.1067

0.0009

refractive index / indeks loma

35 C NaNO3 (1) + HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH (2) + H2O (3)

1.3905

0.0554

0.0400

0.0029

0.0003

45 C NaNO3 (1) + HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH (2) + H2O (3)

1.3912

0.0604

0.0342

0.0068

0.0003

35 C KNO3 (1) + HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH (2) + H2O (3)

1.3653

0.0777

0.0297

0.0051

0.0002

45 C KNO3 (1) + HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH (2) + H2O (3)

1.3706

0.0481

0.0711

0.0120

0.0005

35 C RbNO3 (1) + HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH (2) + H2O (3)

1.3706

0.0659

0.0649

0.0274

0.0002

45 C RbNO3 (1) + HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH (2) + H2O (3)

1.3816

0.0432

0.0749

0.0244

0.0004

35 C CsNO3 (1) + HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH (2) + H2O (3)

1.3508

0.1125

0.0164

0.0028

0.0008

45 C CsNO3 (1) + HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH (2) + H2O (3)

1.3558

0.0821

0.0812

0.0411

0.0004

= [(YcalYexp)2/N]0.5, where N is the number of experimental points.

= [(YcalYexp)2/N]0,5, gdje je N broj eksperimentalnih toaka.

Conclusions
In this paper, the solubility, density and refractive index of
the ternary system NaNO3/KNO3/RbNO3/CsNO3 + glycerol + H2O were investigated. The solubility of the salts decreased with the addition of glycerol, and increased with
temperature. The density of the saturated solution is affected both by the solubility and the content of glycerol. For
refractive index, two contrary factors of temperature and
solubility led to the similar data at the two temperatures. The

data of solubility, refractive index and density in the studied

systems were fitted by the four-parameter empirical correlation equation.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This work was supported by the National Natural Science
Foundation of China (No. 21171111), Guangxi Natural Science Foundation (No. GXNSF74114), and Guangxi University of Science and Technology Research (201106LX609).

H.-Y. ZHANG et al.: Phase Equilibria of Alkali Nitrates (NaNO3, KNO3, RbNO3, CsNO3)..., Kem. Ind. 63 (5-6) 155162 (2014)

List of symbols
Popis simbola
Ai, ai, bi, ci
nD
S
w1
w2
w3
Y

parameters
parametri
refractive index
indeks loma
solubility
topljivost
glycerol mass fraction
maseni udjel glicerola
salt mass fraction
maseni udjel soli
water mass fraction
maseni udjel vode
physical quantity (solubility, density, refractive
index)
fizika veliina (topljivost, gustoa, indeks loma)
density, g cm3
gustoa, g cm3
standard deviation
standardna devijacija

References
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H.-Y. ZHANG et al.: Phase Equilibria of Alkali Nitrates (NaNO3, KNO3, RbNO3, CsNO3)..., Kem. Ind. 63 (5-6) 155162 (2014)

SAETAK
Fazna ravnotea alkalijskih nitrata (NaNO3, KNO3, RbNO3, CsNO3) u sustavu
glicerol + H2O pri razliitim temperaturama
H.-Y. Zhang,a,b S.-N. Li,a Q.-G. Zhai,a Y.-M. Ou,b
Y.-C. Jianga i M.-C. Hua*
Ureajem vlastite izrade mjerena je topljivost alkalijskih nitrata (NaNO3/KNO3/RbNO3/CsNO3) u
smjesi otapala glicerol [HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH] + H2O u ovisnosti o masenom udjelu glicerola
(0,0 1,0) pri 35 i 45 C. Odreene su gustoe i indeksi loma zasienih otopina NaNO3/KNO3/
RbNO3/CsNO3 + smjesa otapala glicerol + H2O. Eksperimentalni rezultati su pokazali da se s
poveanjem masenog udjela glicerola u svim sustavima smanjuju topljivost soli i gustoa otopine,
dok se indeks loma postupno poveava. Topljivost, indeks loma i gustoa bili su postavljeni po
etveroparametarskoj empirijskoj jednadbi.
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular
Science of Shaanxi Province
School of Chemistry and Materials Science
Shaanxi Normal University, Xian
Shaanxi, 710 062
b
Department of Chemistry and Life Science
Hechi University, Yizhou
Guangxi, 546 300
a

Prispjelo 17. srpnja 2013.

Prihvaeno 31. listopada 2013.