Characteristics of

Spatiotemporally Homogenized Boundary Layers

at Atmospheric Reentry-like Conditions
Rhys Ulerich and Robert D. Moser
Center for Predictive Engineering and Computational Sciences
Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences
The University of Texas at Austin

APS DFD, 24 November 2014

PECOS

Acknowledgment: This material is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy [National
Nuclear Security Administration] under Award Number [DE-FC52-08NA28615].

R. Ulerich and R. D. Moser, U. T. Austin

Homogenized B. L. at Reentry-like Conditions

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Orion ablation rate predictions sensitive to calibration

Eddy viscosity-based turbulence models widely used in engineering:

Higher-delity approaches computationally intractable
Models well-known to be imperfect and unreliable

Predictions highly sensitive to calibration data [Stogner et al., 2011]

Calibration data relevant to blunt-bodied vehicle reentry is scarce

R. Ulerich and R. D. Moser, U. T. Austin

Homogenized B. L. at Reentry-like Conditions

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Two new homogenized BL DNS at reentry-like conditions

New DNS use spatiotemporal homogenization by Topalian et al. [2014a]:
Extension of homogenization as pioneered by Spalart [1988]

u,
Homogenization tames subtle recycling issues [Schlatter and Orl
2010]

Novel accommodation of favorable or adverse pressure gradients

Conditions resemble Orion heat shield at ISS return [Bauman et al., 2011]:
Very cold wall

Strong favorable pressure gradients

Wall blowing, as a surrogate for ablator outgassing

Flow features neglected in the present study:

Chemically reacting species
Convex surface curvature

Ablator surface roughness

R. Ulerich and R. D. Moser, U. T. Austin

Homogenized B. L. at Reentry-like Conditions

APS DFD, 24 November 2014

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Nondimensional NavierStokes formulation

Simulated using a FourierGalerkin/B-spline-collocation DNS framework [Ulerich, 2014]1

= u + S
t
1
1

u = (u u)
p +
+ Su
t
Re
Ma2
1

E = Eu +
T
t
Re Pr ( 1)
pu +

= T

p
Ma2 2
T =
u
p = ( 1) E
2

= u + uT + ( u) I
=
3

Re =
1

Ma2
u + Ma2 f u + SE
Re

0 u0 l 0
0

Ma =

u0
a0

Pr =

0 C p
0

Openly available at http://github.com/RhysU/suzerain

R. Ulerich and R. D. Moser, U. T. Austin

Homogenized B. L. at Reentry-like Conditions

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Problem specications and simulation resolutions

Domain is 10 2.5 3 with 512 256 256 expansion coefcients for 168M DOF

Case

Re

Ma99

T99 /Tw

+ = v /u
vw
w

t3.199
t4.134

382
531

0.904
1.152

4.13
4.20

8.52e3
7.18e3

p99, =

99 (x p)99
99 u299

0.010
0.012

Case

x+

y1+

+
y10

z +

Eddy
Turnovers

t3.199
t4.134
Coleman et al. [1995]

13.9
19.0
17

0.14
0.17
0.1

6.1
7.2
8

8.4
11.4
10

6.4
6.9

Spectra and two-point correlations (in backup) compare favorably

with Coleman et al. [1995] and Guarini et al. [2000]
R. Ulerich and R. D. Moser, U. T. Austin

Homogenized B. L. at Reentry-like Conditions

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Inner scaling for simulations t3.199 and t4.134

Viscous sublayer and buffer layer but no logarithmic region due to low Re

y+

d
u+
w d y +

6
5
4
3
2
1
100

101

102

103

y+

Case t3.199 (dashed) and t4.134 (solid)

R. Ulerich and R. D. Moser, U. T. Austin

Homogenized B. L. at Reentry-like Conditions

APS DFD, 24 November 2014

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Integral thickness and the Clauser parameter =

/99

Case

t3.199
0.00643
t4.134
0.0392
Bauman et al. [2011] 0.113

(x p)99
w

Re

/99

H = /

15.8
129
406

0.156
0.161
0.134

0.0413
0.243
0.847

0.0215
0.161
0.88

4.5
uinviscid

4.0

Ly
0

uinviscid u
dy
uinviscid

Nondimensional

3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0 4
10

103

102

101

100

Case t4.134
R. Ulerich and R. D. Moser, U. T. Austin

Homogenized B. L. at Reentry-like Conditions

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Stress contributions to the streamwise momentum

Reduced maximum relative to Topalian et al. [2014b] due to favorable pressure gradient

1.2
Total
1.0

x y /Re

/w

0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

y/99

Case t3.199 (dashed) and t4.134 (solid)

R. Ulerich and R. D. Moser, U. T. Austin

Homogenized B. L. at Reentry-like Conditions

APS DFD, 24 November 2014

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Reynolds stresses in semi-local units [Huang et al., 1995]

2 higher than Coleman et al. [1995], Guarini et al. [2000]

Maximum u
consistent with wall blowing [Sumitani and Kasagi, 1995]
10

10

2
u

u
k

0
0

20

40

60

80 100 120

u
k

2
v

/u2

/u2

2
u

2
v

Case t3.199
R. Ulerich and R. D. Moser, U. T. Austin

50

100

150

Case t4.134
Homogenized B. L. at Reentry-like Conditions

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Turbulent kinetic energy budgets

Peak production lower than 0.25 found by Schlatter et al. [2009b] from ZPG at Re = 670
u :
u

0.4

2 u /2
u

0.2

u :
u

0.4

/Re

/Re

2 u /2
u

0.2

0.0

0.0

0.2

0.2

u /Re

p u /Ma2

0.4

u /Re

p u /Ma2

0.4

u //Ma2

0.006

u //Ma2

0.006
u
k

u
k

u u

0.004

0.002

0.002

0.000

0.000

0.002

0.002

0.004
0.006

u u

0.004

u / /Ma2

T
p u

100

101

102

0.004

p u /Ma2

103

0.006

100

Case t3.199
R. Ulerich and R. D. Moser, U. T. Austin

u / /Ma2

T
p u

p u /Ma2
101

102

103

Case t4.134
Homogenized B. L. at Reentry-like Conditions

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Near-wall, root-mean-squared vorticity uctuations

Vs adiabatic-wall, Ma = 2.5 by Guarini et al. [2000] and incompressible by Spalart [1988]
0.45

0.40

0.35

0.30
0.25

x 2 w /u2
y 2 w /u2
z 2 w /u2

0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00

10

20

30

40

50

y+

R. Ulerich and R. D. Moser, U. T. Austin

Homogenized B. L. at Reentry-like Conditions

APS DFD, 24 November 2014

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Summary:
1

Generated two reentry-like spatiotemporally homogenized BL DNS,

openly available from http://turbulence.ices.utexas.edu

Impact of cold wall, favorable pressure gradient, and wall blowing evident

Turbulent kinetic energy budget supports notion that spatiotemporally

homogenized ows can serve as a convenient model problem for calibration

Near-wall vorticity uctuations exhibit qualitatively different behavior than

observed by Guarini et al. [2000] or Spalart [1988]

Future work:
1

Study interactions among cold wall, wall blowing, pressure gradient

Understand qualitative difference in near-wall vorticity uctuations

Reduce Topalian et al. [2014a] homogenization to low Mach

or incompressible limit

R. Ulerich and R. D. Moser, U. T. Austin

Homogenized B. L. at Reentry-like Conditions

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