Taipei Vs KLCC

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA, SARAWAK
DEPARTMENT OF QUANTITY SURVEYING

FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE, PLANNING & SURVEYING
Acknowledgement
Alhamdulillah, I thank Allah S.W.T for the blessing and strength for we to manage and complete
our assignment according to the guidance and time given. This topic interests we want to learn
more on the Construction Economic. Moreover, this report taught we more about the Quantity
Surveyor profession and the construction industry itself.
We would like thank to my lecturers of this assignment, Sir. Mohd Azrai Azman he
advice and guidance on this assignment. He motivates we to complete our assignment
successfully. May Allah bless and reward him for he sincere endeavor and contributions on our
path of knowledge.
Furthermore, we would like thank our parents, family, and others for their cooperation,
encouragement, constructive suggestion and support for the completion of this assignment from
the start till the end. Also, we would like to thank all of my friends that has contributed more or
less for their support and help during the progress of the final report until it is fully completed.
Page 1 of 31

Introduction
Petronas Twin Towers
Kuala Lumpur City Centre is a multipurpose development area in Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia. The area is located around Jalan Ampang, Jalan P. Ramlee, Jalan Binjai, Jalan Kia
Peng and Jalan Pinang.
Designed to be a city within a city, the 100-acre site hosts the tallest twin buildings in the
world, shopping mall, hotels, office buildings and several hotels. A public park and a mosque is
also built on the area and open to everyone. The whole project is cooled via district cooling
located on the property.
According to the Council on Tall Buildings
and Urban Habitat (CTBUH)'s official definition
and ranking, they were the tallest buildings in the
world from 1998 to 2004 until surpassed by Taipei
101, but they remain the tallest twin buildings in
the world.The buildings are the landmark of Kuala
Lumpur with nearby Kuala Lumpur Tower.
Page 2 of 31

Taipei 101
Taipei 101, formerly known as the Taipei World Financial Center, is a landmark
skyscraper located in Xinyi District, Taipei, Taiwan. The building ranked officially as the world's
tallest from 2004 until the opening of the Burj Khalifa in Dubai in 2010.Taipei 101 was designed
by C.Y. Lee & partners and constructed primarily by KTRT Joint Venture.The construction was
finished in 2004. The tower has served as an icon of modern Taiwan ever since its opening.
Taipei 101 comprises 101 floors above ground and 5 floors underground.
The building was architecturally created as a symbol of the evolution of technology and
Asian tradition (see Symbolism). Its postmodernist approach to style incorporates traditional
design elements and gives them modern treatments. The tower is designed to withstand
typhoons and earthquakes. A multi-level shopping mall adjoining the tower houses hundreds of
fashionable stores, restaurants and clubs.
Taipei 101 is owned by the TFCC and managed by the International division of Urban
Retail Properties Corporation based in Chicago. The name originally planned for the building,
Taipei World Financial Center, until 2003, was derived from the name of the owner. The original
name in Chinese was literally, Taipei International Financial Center
Page 3 of 31

Details of Buildings
Location:
Jalan Ampang, Kuala Lumpur City Centre Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
Construction Dates: Began
1992
Finished
1998
Floor Count:
88 floors
Basement Floors:
Floor Area:
341,760 m
Building Uses:
Office, observation
Structural Types:
Highrise, bridge, pole
Architectural Style:
Pagoda style, postmodern
Materials:
Glass, steel, aluminium
Height:
Spire
(1483 ft) or 451.9 m
Structural (1242 ft) Height of Superstructure (without cone and spire)

Top floor (1230 ft)
Skybridge (558 ft) Height above street level
Length of skybridge (192 ft)
Page 4 of 31

Characteristics of Petronas Twin Tower

The Petronas Towers rise to 452 meters high, formerly held the "official" World's Tallest
Building titles for seven years, from 1998 to 2003, due to their decorative spires. However, this
is only possible by the spires atop the two buildings. Counting by roof height, the Sears Tower in
Chicago rises an estimated 30 meters above the Petronas Towers.
The Sears Tower also reached a taller total height of 527 meters to tip of the antenna.
But the antenna was not taken into consideration because they don't have a dicurative use. Its
title was overtaken by the 508 meter Taipei 101 in 2004. The 88-floor towers are constructed
largely of reinforced concrete, with a steel and glass facade designed to resemble motifs found
in Islamic art, a reflection of Malaysia's Muslim religion.
Another Islamic influence on the design is that the cross section of the towers is based
on a Rub el Hizb, albeit with circular sectors added to meet office space requirements. This
towers has served as an icon of modern Malaysia.
Petronas, short for "Petroliam Nasional", is the Malaysian national petroleum company. The
Petronas Company occupies all of tower one.
The similar design and experience with the Miglin-Beitler Skyneedle-Miglin-Beitler Skyneedle
from Chicago influenced the chose of the architectural and engineering team.
The building around the base contains a shopping mall.
The skybridge on levels 41-42 are accessible for public viewing. Tickets are free.
Among the total lifts, 29 are double-decker high speed passenger one in each tower. Each of
those can carry 26 persons.
Page 5 of 31

Plan, Shape and Height
Page 6 of 31

Taipei 101
Location:
Xinyi District Taipei, Taiwan
Construction Dates:
Began
1999
Finished 2004
Floor Count:
101 floors
Basement Floors:
Floor Area:
412,500 m
Building Uses:
Office, communication, conference, library, observation, restaurant
Structural Types:
Highrise, pole, tuned mass damper
Architectural Style:
Pagoda style
Materials:
Glass, steel
Height:
Spire
1667 ft
Roof
1470 ft Architect plans
Top floor
1437 ft 101st floor, Observation deck (inside)
Floor 91
1282 ft Observation deck (outside)
Floor 89
1254 ft Observation deck (inside)
Floor 86
1213 ft Club House
Floor 12
207 ft Podium roof (highest point)
Floor 6
124 ft Podium main roof
Ground level 0 ft
Sea level
-4 ft
Floor b5
-103 ft
Page 7 of 31

Characteristics of Taipei 101

Taipei 101 is designed to withstand the typhoon winds and earthquake tremors common
in its area of the Asia-Pacific.TAIPEI is mnemonic for Technology, Art, Innovation, People,
Environment, and Identity. 101 represents the concept of striving for beyond perfection.
- Taipei 101, whose pinnacle reached full height on Oct. 9, 2003, is currently the official world's
tallest building in the categories of highest structurally, highest roof, and highest occupied floor.
The Sears Tower in Chicago holds the fourth category of overall height.
- The multi-use structure will house retail facilities on Levels 1-4; a fitness center on Levels 5-6;
offices on Levels 7-84; restaurants on Levels 86-88; observation decks on Levels 89, 91, and
101; and communication facilities on Levels 92-100.
- There is a station for the Taipei Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) beneath the building awaiting the
eventual construction of the Hsinyi line.
- On December 15, 2004, Toshiba installed the world's two fastest elevators. With top speeds of
1010 m/min, observation deck visitors can whiz from Level B1 to 89 in 39 seconds.
- A 900-ton tuned mass damper is installed on the 87th floor to counter earthquakes and
typhoons. It will be available for public viewing from the restaurant levels and observation deck.
Page 8 of 31

Plan, Shape and Height
Page 9 of 31

Construction Method (Comparisons)

Between Petronas twin towers and Taipei 101
Definition
Petronas twin towers is located in Jalan Ampang, Kuala Lumpur City Centre
Kuala Lumpur Malaysia and Taipei 101 is located in Xinyi District Taipei, Taiwan. Both of
building are icon of modern Malaysia and Taiwan. The height of building for Petronas twin
towers is 451.9m and Taipei 101 is 509m. The different of height of this two building are only
57.1m. Ranking by Tallest skyscrapers in the world now on 2014, Taipei 101 are number 5 and
Petronas twins tower in Number 8 in the world. But Petronas still the Tallest twin towers in the
world.
Page 10 of 31

Comparisons Between Petronas Twin towers and Taipei 101

Construction Method
Substructure
.
Page 11 of 31

Taipei 101
The resistance of the building structure is based on 8 sidebars, and 16 central columns. The
latter form a mega structure through which passes the elevator. The columns are a hybrid of
metal and concrete. The size of the steel columns is 3.6 meters wide, 3.4 x 3 meters long and
have a thickness of 80 millimeters of steel.
The body of the columns are filled with reinforced concrete, to achieve greater endurance. Part
of the circular building is made up of "mega mega columns and beams," and to link the two is
made, every eight floors, the central columns interlocked with the side through the rafters. For
the unions are performed some cuts in the beams, which allows better stabilize the peso and
dissipate energy in cases of landslides, so that the walls are cracking. In the main part of the
building will also add about 30 meters of columns, which can penetrate to the rocky terrain. In
this part of the support, adding a total of 601 underground columns of 1.5 meters in diameter,
plus another 16 support columns in the commercial part of Taipei. To distribute the load of the
building, engineers built a concrete platform in the middle of 3.5 meters thick and at the
periphery of 4.7 meters and on the sides of 3.5 meters. "The columns are based on the platform
and it in turn distributes the load on the columns of support to ground level,
Page 12 of 31

Frame
Steel and concrete
Page 13 of 31

Taipei 101
Taipei 101 used steel columns as the building frame which minimise the tower costs on the
foundations, minimise seismic (Study of earthquakes) forces by keeping buildings mass low and
to benefit from a strong construction steel industry. When designing the columns, ease of the
steel erection and concreting had to be considered whereby the super column is the primary
vertical members of the mega structure.
Super Columns By minimising the size and the thickness used high strength steel plates are
used which can stand yield strength of 60Ksi which is normally specified for super columns.
The ductility of steel plates has therefore needs to improve in order to meet the welding
requirements as ultrasonic tests are required to test the materials, which then creates a
weldability material.
Concrete To provide stiffness and structural strength the super columns are filled with high
concrete. Steel box columns are what serve as the form of concrete whilst the overall stiffness is
enhanced by concrete.
Materials: 60ksi Steel
10,000 psi Concrete
Systems : Outrigger Trusses, Moment Frames, Belt Trusses
Lateral Load Resistance : Braced Moment Frames in the buildings core, Outrigger from core to
perimeter, Perimeter Moment Frames
Shear walls : Basement and first 8 floors
Page 14 of 31

Upper Floors
Petronas Twin Tower
Page 15 of 31

Taipei 101
Page 16 of 31

Roof
Petronas Twin Tower
Petronas Twin Tower

Type :
Tapered roof with spire and glass
Definition : A tapered roof with a spire is a pointed roof which gives the appearance of a
cone with a spire rising from its highest point. The roof must have either a
curved plan or more than four sides.
Page 17 of 31

Taipei 101
Type :
Page 18 of 31

External Walls
Page 19 of 31

Taipei 101
Type of Window used :Taipei 101 is a 101-story high-rise building. The curtain wall uses enhanced doubleglazing systems with tinted glass that offers broad vision from the interior. The slanted
exterior curtain wall maximizes the penetration of natural light without any reflective glare. The
high-tech insulated glazing has a special treatment that reduces two-thirds of the external heat
to save energy and provide comfort.
Approximately 20,000 units clad the tower and the podium totalizing 125,000 sqm of a
pressure equalized, unitized system engineered to withstand seismic and typhoon loadings.
There are also several special cladding features, such as the 2-story high 32 stainless steel
elements weighing 5 tons each and the 14 m diameter discs with a projection of 4 m. The 7story podium consists of many different systems, skylights, 5 mm thick aluminum hook-on
systems, stainless steel and granite shop fronts, complex canopy designs and point system
glazing.
The podium is enclosed by a 42 m high glass
skylight, one of the world largest indoor public spaces.
This make the cost of this building more costly in
part of the window. Windows type that this building used
more less are same with Petronas Twin Tower, but its have
its own advantage and lack also.
Page 20 of 31

Window details :
The high-tech insulated glazing
Reduces two-thirds of the external heat
Save energy and provide comfort.
Type of Wall
Green glass faade window.
Doubling panned and glazed.

Heat and UV treatment render.
Material
Curtain wall. ( double glazing)
The faade system of glass aluminium panel

installed into an inclined moment resisting
Properties
Can be multifaceted, able to perform a wide

variety of functions ( thermal insulation )
Shape
Ideas from Chinese pagoda and the shape of bamboo flower.
It means blooming and success
Architectural Design:
Pagoda Style
Eight prominent sections
Chinese lucky number 8
In China, 8 is a homonym for prosperity
Even number = rhythm and symmetry
Page 21 of 31

Construction Process:
380 piles with 3 inch concrete slab.
Mega columns- 8 cm thick steel & 10,000 psi concrete infill to provide for
overturning.
Walls - 5 & 7 degree slope.
106,000 tons of steel, grade 60- 25% stronger.
6 cranes on site steel placement.
Electrical & Mechanical.
Curtain wall placement.
Page 22 of 31

Finishes for Taipei 101

Taipei 101's characteristic blue-green glass curtain walls are double paned and glazed,
offer heat and protection from the sun sufficient to block external heat by 50 percent, and can
sustain impacts of 7 metric tons. Recycled water meets 20-30 percent of the building's water
needs.
Upgrades are currently under way to make Taipei 101 the world's tallest green building.
Designed to use less energy and water and provide better indoor air quality than a traditionally
built skyscraper of comparable size, Taipei 101 embarked on an 18-month renovation to
increase efficiency and further reduce the building's environmental footprint.
The owners are shooting for platinum certification under the U.S. Green Building
Council's Leadership in Environmental Standards for an existing building. If successful, Taipei
101 would be the tallest existing building to attain LEED-EBOM certification at the highest level
possible.
The Taipei 101 was a record breaking endeavor that exceeded and is still seeking to
surpass expectations. Its Chinese traditional and symbolic design lends the way for innovation,
ingenuity, and a standard for future buildings of its type and magnitude. From the specially
created steel structure to its unique shock dampening system, the tower is a marvel of
engineering ingenuity. Green building is the way of our future, by seeking the highest grade of
LEED certification, the Taipei 101 tower is the leading the way and setting a standard of
environmental consciousness in building.
The Taipei 101 building is a distinctive addition to the citys skyline and the exclusive
group of the worlds tallest buildings. As befits those distinctions, its structural design has
addressed the demands of architectural form, typhoon winds and seismic safety through
creative steel framing and the composition of performance specific materials.
Page 23 of 31

Petronas Twin Tower (KLCC)

DOORS SYSTEM OF KLCC
Aluminum
The majority of commercial shops inside the KLCC use exterior entrances made from
aluminum. This product is popular because of its beautiful shine and modern appeal. Aluminum
entrances are also easy to customize with different types of glass and window patterns.
This material is very good at withstanding the elements. It will not rust or corrode, and in
fact, when exposed to the air, a chemical
process takes place that actually hardens
and
strengthens
the
surface
of
the
aluminum.
This product is used on storefront
systems,
entrances.
sliding
While
doors
and
aluminum
revolving
can
be
expensive, it is also very durable and long

lasting.
Page 24 of 31

Wood
Some areas in KLCC is using wood doors which are from many
different veneers, with oak and mahogany among the most popular.
Wood doors also offer owners of shops in KLCC the chance to choose
stains or varnishes to change the look and color of the material. While
doors made from wood are generally the most expensive option, they
are also the least likely to become damaged, and if they are damaged,
they are easy to repair.
No other material can match the weight and feel of a quality
wood door. While flush models (smooth with no glass) are common in
commercial settings, homeowners can choose from stile and rail (panel) doors or units with
inlaid glass. The biggest problem with using wood doors on an exterior opening is exposure to
moisture and harsh weather. These doors are best used where they will be protected, such as
under an awning or porch roof.
Page 25 of 31

ELEVATORS IN KLCC
KLCC is using a high technology elevator as a
vertical transport vehicle that efficiently moves people or

goods between floors of a building. They are generally
powered by electric motors that either drive traction cables
and counterweight systems, or pump hydraulic fluid to
raise a cylindrical piston.
Steel
The framework of KLCC Elevator is made by steel
.In fact it is a mixture of iron with carbon.
Metal
The escalators of KLCC have many components like
landing platform, Truss and tracks .The truss is a hollow metal

structure that bridges the lower and upper landings.
It is composed of two side sections joined together with
cross braces across the bottom and just below the top. The
ends of the truss are attached to the top and bottom landing
platforms via steel or concrete supports. The truss carries all
the straight track sections connecting the upper and lower
sections.
The other main important part of escalators of KLCC is
two platforms which, as well as the gears and motors that drive the stairs. The top platform
contains the motor assembly and the main drive gear, while the bottom holds the step return
idler sprockets. These sections also anchor the ends of the escalator truss. In addition, the
platforms contain a floor plate and a comb plate.
Page 26 of 31

Floor System of KLCC
Concrete slab
KLCC ground-level floor is a solid ground floor made of concrete slab.
Concrete slab has many advantages for the KLCC .A great thing about concrete slabs is
that they are great thermal conductors. While this may not be so great in the cooler areas, this is
actually pretty useful for places that are too warm or places that have shifting temperatures
throughout the day. You see, concrete has a high thermal mass.
This does pose a disadvantage because it delays the heating of a house using an
electric heater during cold days. However, when the climates just fine and the sun is up, the
concrete will absorb the heat of the day and release it at night when its cooler. What makes
concrete slabs so great is because they are so durable.
Concrete is made of cement mixed with water and other aggregate materials such as
gravel, sand, limestone, and other chemicals that are bonded together in such a way that
creates one of the best building materials in the world.
Ceramic
A ceramic is an inorganic, nonmetallic solid prepared by the action of heat and
subsequent cooling. Ceramic materials may have a crystalline or partly crystalline structure, or
may be amorphous (e.g., a glass). Because most common ceramics are crystalline, the
definition of ceramic is often restricted to inorganic crystalline materials, as opposed to the no
crystalline glasses.
Page 27 of 31

Stone
Stone floors of KLCC are a top
choice for those who want breathtaking

results when it comes to improving the
beauty of their shopping mall.
Polished marble and granite are both
classy
and
tough,
while
other
stone
materials, including sandstone, limestone

and slate, create a more natural look.
While stone is certainly a good choice, it's important that KLCC consider it carefully to be
sure it fits its lifestyle. While stone is tougher than ceramic tile to crack or chip, it is also more
vulnerable to water damage and other stains than other materials, and polished varieties require
daily maintenance to ensure that dirt and dust don't damage and dull the finish.
Laminate
Laminate floors are a famous flooring material of
KLCC. Nobody can deny that they are fast becoming one of
the most sought after floor materials on the market because
of their aesthetic appeal, their incredible level of durability,
and maybe most of all because of their favorable price when
compared to other options.
Laminate floors of KLCC are made of pressed,
composite wood with a thin layer of veneer laid over the top
that can mimic almost any other surface, though different
varieties of hardwood are far and away the most popular
surfaces currently available
Page 28 of 31

Timber
Timbers are one the most important materials of KLCC convention centre in section of
flooring system. Wood flooring is any product manufactured from timber that is designed for use
as flooring, either structural or aesthetic of
KLCC..Solid hardwood floors come in a wide
range of dimensions and styles, with each
plank made of solid wood and milled from a
single piece of timber. Solid hardwood floors
were originally used for structural purposes,
being installed perpendicular to the wooden
support beams of a building
Page 29 of 31

Window
Type of Wall
32,000 window with vision glass.
Both type of sunscreen have cast aluminium end caps and are fixed on brackets made
of extruded aluminium and finished with ovencured fluorocation paint.
Material
Stainless steel for the cladding
Vision glass
Properties
Stainless Steel Faade
Development of stainless steel building material combination of high strength, excellent

corrosion resistance, workability.
The supporting is laid in grid pattern
Page 30 of 31

Conclusions
Page 31 of 31

Taipei Vs KLCC

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UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA, SARAWAK

DEPARTMENT OF QUANTITY SURVEYING

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA, SARAWAK

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA, SARAWAK

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA, SARAWAK

Jalan Ampang, Kuala Lumpur City Centre Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

Construction Dates: Began

Highrise, bridge, pole

Pagoda style, postmodern

Glass, steel, aluminium

(1483 ft) or 451.9 m

Structural (1242 ft) Height of Superstructure (without cone and spire)

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA, SARAWAK

Characteristics of Petronas Twin Tower

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA, SARAWAK

Plan, Shape and Height

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA, SARAWAK

Xinyi District Taipei, Taiwan

Office, communication, conference, library, observation, restaurant

Highrise, pole, tuned mass damper

1470 ft Architect plans

1437 ft 101st floor, Observation deck (inside)

1282 ft Observation deck (outside)

1254 ft Observation deck (inside)

1213 ft Club House

207 ft Podium roof (highest point)

124 ft Podium main roof

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA, SARAWAK

Characteristics of Taipei 101

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA, SARAWAK

Plan, Shape and Height

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA, SARAWAK

Construction Method (Comparisons)

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA, SARAWAK

Comparisons Between Petronas Twin towers and Taipei 101

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA, SARAWAK

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA, SARAWAK

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA, SARAWAK

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA, SARAWAK

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA, SARAWAK

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA, SARAWAK

Petronas Twin Tower

Tapered roof with spire and glass

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA, SARAWAK

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA, SARAWAK

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA, SARAWAK

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA, SARAWAK

The high-tech insulated glazing

Reduces two-thirds of the external heat

Save energy and provide comfort.

Green glass faade window.

Doubling panned and glazed.

Curtain wall. ( double glazing)

The faade system of glass aluminium panel

Can be multifaceted, able to perform a wide

Ideas from Chinese pagoda and the shape of bamboo flower.

It means blooming and success

Eight prominent sections

Chinese lucky number 8

In China, 8 is a homonym for prosperity

Even number = rhythm and symmetry

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA, SARAWAK

380 piles with 3 inch concrete slab.