SPSS Base 8.

0 for Windows

Visually explore your data to

easily see its distribution and
focus your analysis like never
before.

Go beyond basic
business graphs
and tables to a
unique and indepth picture of
your data that you
just can't get in
other products.

Create stunning charts for presentations with

analytical charts and tables featuring award-winning
SPSS pivoting technology.

Revolutionize the way you work with all-new

graphics and more in-depth statistics
Perform in-depth
analysis!
Choose from the most
popular statistics,
including counts,
crosstabs, regression,
factor and over 100
more

SPSS 8.0 for Windows helps you discover the

patterns and trends in your data that go unnoticed
when you use only spreadsheets and databases.
SPSS 8.0 helps you answer your tough questions in:

Survey research

Marketing and sales analysis

Quality improvement

Research of all types

Get help quickly!

Use online statistical
advice to help you
select which procedure
to run and how to
interpret results

Automate frequent
tasks!
Use scripts to perform
a series of tasks with a
single click

In-depth analytical capabilities

You will learn fast and work fast with SPSS extensive
help system, online tutorial and intuitive interface. Click
on Whats This? to get pop-up definitions of statistical
terms and rules of thumb. Decide which statistical procedure or graph to use and how to interpret the results
with online statistical advice, complete with examples.

Go beyond summary statistics and row-and-column

math. SPSS 8.0 has the most popular statistical procedures for basic analysis that youll ever need. Procedures
include counts, crosstabs, descriptives, factor analysis,
regression and cluster analysis and an improved ANOVA,
among many other additions and improvements. Uncover
and visualize important information with over 50 types of
statistical, business and quality control charts.

Access your data and prepare for analysis

Explore your results in a flexible new way

Its easy to bring together multiple sources of data and

prepare your data for analysis with SPSS 8.0s extensive
data and file management capabilities. Whether your
data reside in a data warehouse, spreadsheet or a
corporate database, you can access them with SPSS 8.0
to save time and eliminate typing. Access data in multiple database tables, combine categories, add, aggregate,
merge, split and transpose files.

Work more effectively with SPSS award-winning pivot

tables. With a few mouse clicks, youre interacting with
live, multidimensional reports to gain new levels of
understanding. SPSS pivot tables enable you to swap rows
and columns and drill down in data for opportunities
hidden in standard paper reports.
And, youll see bottom-line information quickly with
the all new layered reports. Drill down to custom cuts of
your results via drop-down menus that reveal the full
richness of pivot tables. For example, in a few mouse

All-new graphics!
Explore your data and
interact with stunning
graphs in real time

For example, easily switch horsepower vs. cylinders to

mileage vs. cylinders. You can show complex information in a straightforward way by splitting a single chart
into multiple categories for side-by-side comparison
using the Panel feature. And, you can easily see
differences between categories by varying color, size,
patterns, fills and textures to highlight your results.

Easy to learn, easy to use

See and present relationships in a snap

SPSS 8.0 features an entirely new visual way to see
and present relationships as you explore your data and
interact with dynamic graphs in real time. With the new
graphs, you can change the information you want to
show in a graph and watch your chart update on the fly.

SPSS Base specifications

clicks you can dig into layers for key information, such as Saturdays revenue between
12:00 and 1:00 in the Western region.

General operations
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Present your results clearly

Format your tables to highlight important

findings and get your results noticed. Customize your presentation by easily changing
the colors, fonts, size and other attributes of
your tables and charts or select from Chart
Looks and 16 pre-formatted TableLooks.
For maximum control, build macros using
the powerful scripting language. You can
even use macros to automatically highlight
significant results. No other statistical
software package has this degree of flexible
formatting!

Personalize your work environment

Tailor SPSS with its powerful scripts. Build
macros to automate repetitive analysis, formatting and reporting tasks. Create custom
interfaces for your applications. SPSS 8.0 for
Windows will revolutionize your data analysis
from preparation through analysis to
presentation.

New statistical procedures added

in add-on modules
In SPSS Professional Statistics, you can use
Intraclass correlation in RELIABILITY. In
SPSS Advanced Statistics, now you can
choose the model you like best, by including
plots of the one minus cumulative survival
function in SURVIVAL, Kaplan-Meier and
COX REGRESSION. And, you can select
univariate and multivariate lack of fit tests
in GLM to help you test nested models.
Get more useful information out of your
data with SPSS Categories. SPSS Categories
is now two modules: SPSS Conjoint and SPSS
Categories. If you already have a license for
SPSS Categories, SPSS Conjoint is free when
you upgrade your SPSS Categories module.
SPSS Conjoint includes orthoplan, plancards and conjoint procedures. The SPSS
Categories option offers two new procedures
that free you from data constraints, such as
yes/no answers and allow you to analyze any
categorical data.
Explore the relationship between two
categorical variables with Bi-plots. Create
new, modern output thats ready to send to
clients. SPSS Categories includes: CATREG
for performing multiple regression analysis
for categorical data; and CORRESPONDENCE, which improves upon ANACOR.

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Charts based on SPSS pivoting technology

_ Explore visually with dynamic, interactive charts
_ Choose from new chart types
_ Control everything for a great professional look
Scripting facility
_ Create, edit and save scripts
_ Build customized forms interfaces
_ Assign scripts to toolbar icons or menus
_ Automatically execute scripts whenever certain
events occur
_ Select from a repository of popular scripts from the
SPSS Script Library
Automation capabilities
_ Integrate SPSS with other desktop applications
_ Build custom applications using Visual Basic, Power
Builder and C++
_ Integrate SPSS into your larger custom application
(such as Word or Excel)
_ Over 400 automation methods
_ Extensive online documentation
Customizable toolbar
_ Assign procedures, scripts or other software products
_ Select from standard toolbar icons or create your own
Multidimensional pivot tables
_ Rearrange columns, rows and layers by dragging and
dropping icons for easier ad-hoc analyses
_ Toggle between layers by clicking on an icon for
easier comparison between subgroups
_ Online statistical advice for help choosing statistical
procedures or chart types and help interpreting results
complete with real world application examples
Change text attributes such as fonts, colors, bolding,
italics and others
Change table attributes such as number formats, line
styles, line width, turn lines on or off, column alignments,
background/foreground shading and others
Selectively display or hide rows, columns or labels to
highlight important findings
Task-oriented help with step-by-step instructions
_ Get an example to interpret results in your tables
with Results Coach
_ Get help fast without needing to know jargon with
Ask Me
_ New tutorial and updated documentation
_ Get visual examples of charts in the Chart Gallery
_ Show me buttons that link to the tutorial for more
in-depth help when you need it
_ Whats This? help for pop-up definitions of
statistical terms and rules of thumb
Formatting capabilities for output
_ Default output display shows correlation coefficients
together with their significance level (as well as n) in
Correlations
_ See pivot tables of unlimited size within the Viewer
under NT- under Windows 95 the limit has been
increased
_ Control whether, upon activation, a table is opened
in-place or in its own window to work the way you
want
_ Stamp date and time into the journal file for easy
reference
_ Just right-click on an SPSS syntax file icon to run
a command file without having to go through
production mode
_ See bottom line information fast with the all new
Layered Reports
_ Use drop-down lists for easier access to different
layers
_ Set default output format to text/ASCII
_ Set permanent page settings
_ Set default column widths in the Data Editor
_ Set a column width for all pivot tables, with text
wrapping that you define
_ SPSS Smart Viewer web browser plug-in to interact

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with reports your colleagues publish on the intranet/

Internet a $195 value
_ Zoom in on key information with bookmarks in pivot
tables
_ Improved support for copying tables into your word
processing documents without losing formatting
_ Control number of digits of precision in presentation
_ Add footnotes and annotations
_ Display values or labels
_ Reorder categories within a table to display results
most effectively
_ Group or ungroup multiple categories in rows or
columns under a single heading which spans the
rows or columns
_ 16 pre-formatted TableLooks for quick and
consistent formatting of results
_ Create and save customized formats as TableLooks for
your own personalized style
_ Rotate table labels
Viewer for organizing, viewing and moving through
results
_ Outline representation for quick location of output
_ Select an icon in the outline and see corresponding
results displayed in the content pane
_ Reorder charts, tables and other objects by dragging
and dropping icons in the outline
_ Selectively collapse or expand the outline to view
or print selected results
_ Tables, charts and objects are contained in a single
content pane for easy review and access
_ Right or left justify or center output
OLE 2.0 client and server to work seamlessly between
applications
Create presentation-quality reports
Notes table for complete documentation of each analysis
Create and save analysis specifications for repetitive
tasks or unattended processing
Enhanced production mode facility with dialog interface
and macros for easier periodic reporting
Improved pagination and printing full control over
splitting of tables
Print preview
Type your own commands, if you so desire, via a
commandline input window
Refer to explanations of statistical terms through the
on-screen statistical glossary
Supports Microsofts MAPI standard for electronically
mailing text and graphics files

Graphic capabilities
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Five new chart types: error bar on bar chart, plotted pie,
true 3D bar, true 3D pie
Plotted pie - represent pie charts spatially by slicing them
by a categorical variable and viewing all the charts side
by side
Ribbon - Create 3D line graphs that plot trends over time
and are visually engaging
Error bars on bar and line charts - highlight the variance
within the data being graphed
True 3D Bar, Line and Pie charts - not just a 3D effect but
bars drawn in a true 3D space
Use lighting controls on 3D charts to make your charts shine
High-end analytical charts - truly interactive and fast
curve fitting on surface plots
SPSS 7.5 graphics system included to ensure that you
have a smooth transition if you use SPSS 7.5
Rotate charts in real time to gain a multidimensional
understanding of a chart
Perform graphic production tasks automatically
Chart all the categories in your data - even if a category
has no cases

Produce charts of statistical results automatically as part

of the analysis
Build charts independent of statistical procedures
Change virtually any element of a chart using direct,
object-oriented chart editing capabilities
Templates save selected characteristics of a chart and
apply them to others automatically
Chart auto adjust capability fills the available space
with your chart. For instance, if no chart title is present,
the chart size increases to fill the space normally taken by
a title
Print to any device supported by Windows, including
laser printers, plotters and PostScript
Print multiple graphs on a single page
Ability to print charts in batch mode
Export graphic files in these formats: WMF, CGM, TIFF,
PICT, EPS, BMP and JPG

_ Natural log transformations, seasonal and

nonseasonal differencing
_ Specify number of lags and lengths of periods
_ Independence model or Bartletts approximation
model for calculating standard errors
_ Statistics: autocorrelation value, standard error,
Box-Ljung statistic and p-value
Cross-correlation function plots
_ Natural log transformations,
nonseasonal differencing, seasonal
differencing
_ Statistical display: cross-correlation
coefficient; standard error for negative,
positive and zero lag for all pair
combinations

Axis controls
Pre-set the minimum and maximum
values of the Y axis for meaningful
comparison between charts
Scaling: linear, log
Range: minimum, maximum, increment (major, minor)
Major and minor tick marks and grid lines
Bar origin
Bar spacing: margin, inter-bar, inter-cluster
Swap axes
Reference lines

Categorical charts
Bar: simple, clustered, stacked, dropped shadow,hanging
Line: simple, multiple, drop-line, projection
Area: simple, stacked
Pie: simple, exploding
High-low, high-low-close
Difference line
Boxplot: simple, clustered
Range bar: simple, clustered
Error bar: simple, clustered
Mixed: any combination of area, bar and line

Quality control charts

Pareto
X-Bar
Range
Sigma
Individual chart
Moving range chart
p chart (percentage of defectives or nonconformance)
np chart (number of defectives or nonconformance)
u chart (percentage of defects or nonconformities)
c chart (number of defects or nonconformities)

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Labeling
Controls: decimal, leading and trailing characters,
scaling factor
Orientation: automatic, horizontal, vertical, diagonal,
staggered
Titles, subtitles, footnotes, legend, annotation
Text attributes: font (supports TrueType fonts in
Windows 3.1) and size
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Histograms and scatterplots

Histograms with or without normal curve
Interactively change the binning on histograms
Scatterplots
_ Simple, overlay, matrix, 3-D
_ Display: show subgroups, label cases
_ Identify specific points
Fit lines: linear, quadratic, or cubic regression; lowess;
regression prediction lines (mean or individual,
confidence interval control); regression line options
for total or subgroups (include constant, display r2)
3-D options (spikes to floor, centroid or mean of reference
line), 3-D rotation, sunflowers
Mean of Y reference line: total or subgroups, display
spikes to line

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Diagnostic and exploratory plots

Caseplots and time-series plots
_ Natural log, transformations, seasonal and
nonseasonal differencing for specified periodicity
_ Optional MARK subcommand may be added to
indicate onset of an intervention variable
Probability plots
_ Plots of observed and expected values from a
specified distribution
_ Distribution functions include normal, Weibull,
Gamma, Lognormal, Beta, Uniform, Pareto, Laplace,
Half Normal distributions
_ Calculation of expected values via the fraction
subcommand, using transformations (Bloms, Tukeys
or Van der Waerdens) or (r 1/2)/n formula
_ Standardization, detrending, differencing, seasonal
differencing, natural log transformation
Autocorrelation and partial autocorrelation function plots

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Attribute controls
Directly edit and position titles and legends, etc.
Select and edit specific elements directly within a
chart (i.e., color of a single bar in a bar chart)
Choose from a wide range of line and marker styles and
finer color control
Create legends for continuous variables shown in color
gradients
Use textures within a chart - even add your own custom
textures
Highlight multiple subgroups according to color, marker
style and marker color simultaneously in scatterplots
Preferred choices within the chart creation and editing
dialog boxes are preserved from session to session
Conveniently drag and drop variables between the source
and target lists
Replace a variable in a target list with another, just by
dragging the desired new variable over
Change the information you want to show in a graph and
watch your chart update on the fly
Use Chart Manager to manage elements of your charts
Switch or combine chart types to choose the ones that
best showcase your analysis
Directly control almost every chart element such as
labels, titles and axes
Change the summary statistic shown in charts without
having to re-do chart
Focus your analysis for side-by-side comparison using the
Panel feature
See differences between categories by varying color, size
and patterns to highlight your results
Customize charts with color, fills and textures for a
professional look
Save a ChartLook for great-looking charts whenever you
want
Direct editing on your charts
Fill patterns: 52
Colors: 48-color palette with user-defined colors
available

When you create a report, what you see often leads

to more questions. With SPSS revolutionary pivot
feature, you can easily reorganize the table to look
at your data from another angle by simply dragging
an icon.
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Marker styles: 272 with size controls

Line styles: 16 with weight controls
Line interpolation: straight, step (left, center, right), jump
(left, center, right), spline, 3rd-order Lagrange, 5th-order
Lagrange
Handle missing values in line charts

Statistics

Summarize

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Frequencies
Frequency tables: frequency counts, percent, valid
percent, cumulative percent
Use long string variables
Set an option to order your output by analysis or by table
More compact output tables by eliminating extra lines of
text where theyre not needed
Central tendency: mean, median, mode, sum
Dispersion: maximum, minimum, range, standard
deviation, standard error, variance
Distribution: kurtosis, kurtosis standard error, skewness,
skewness standard error
Percentile values: percentiles (based on actual or
grouped data), quartiles, equal groups
Format: condensed or standard; sort categories by
frequency or values; generate index of tables
Charts: bar, histogram or pie chart
Descriptives
Central tendency: mean, sum
Dispersion: maximum, minimum, range, standard
deviation, standard error, variance
Distribution: kurtosis, skewness
Compute and save Z scores as new variables
Display order: ascending or descending order on means,
variable name

Explore
Confidence intervals for mean
Descriptives: interquartile range, kurtosis, kurtosis
standard error, median, mean, maximum, minimum,
range, skewness, skewness standard error, standard
deviation, standard error, variance, 5% trimmed mean,
percentages
M-estimators: Andrews wave estimator, Hampels
M-estimator, Hubers M-estimator, Tukeys biweight
estimator
Identify extreme values and outliers

Grouped frequency tables: bin center, frequency,

percent, valid and cumulative percent
Plots: construct plots with uniform scale or dependent on
data values
_ Boxplots: dependent variables together, factor levels
together
_ Descriptive: histograms, stem-and-leaf plots
_ Normality: normal probability plots and detrended
probability plots with Kolmogorov-Smirnov and
Shapiro-Wilks statistics
_ Spread versus level plots with Levenes test: power
estimation, transformed, untransformed

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Crosstabs
Counts: observed and expected frequencies
Percentages: column, row, total
Use long string variables
Residuals: raw, standardized, adjusted standardized
Marginals: observed frequencies, total percentages
Tests of independence: Pearson and Yates
corrected chi-square, likelihood ratio chi-square,
Fishers exact test
Tests of linear association: Mantel-Haenszel chi-square
Measure of linear association: Pearson r
Nominal data measures: contingency coefficient,
Cramers V, phi, Goodman and Kruskals lambda (asymmetric and symmetric) and tau (column or row dependent), uncertainty coefficient (asymmetric and symmetric)
Ordinal data measures: Goodman and Kruskals gamma,
Kendalls tau-b and tau-c, Somers D (asymmetric and
symmetric), Spearmans rho
Nominal by interval measure: eta
Measure of agreement: Cohens kappa
Relative risk estimates for case control and cohort studies
Display tables in ascending or descending order
Write frequency counts to a file
McNemars test
Produce clustered bar chart
Report summaries
Generate presentation-quality reports with numerous
formatting options
Generate case listing and case summary reports with
statistics on break groups

Compare means
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Means
Make better models with Harmonic and Geometric means
Cells: count, mean, standard deviation, sum, variance
All-ways totals
Oneway analysis of variance with eta and eta
Test of linearity with r and r
Display results in report, crosstabular or tree format
Statistics computed for total sample
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t-tests
One sample t-test to compare sample mean to a
reference mean of your choice
Independent sample statistics: compare sample means
of two groups for both pooled and separate-variance
estimates with Levenes test for equal variances
Paired sample statistics: correlation between pairs,
difference between means, two-tailed probability for
test of no difference and for test of zero correlation
between pairs
Statistics: confidence intervals, counts, degrees of
freedom, mean, two-tailed probability, standard
deviation, standard errors, t statistic

ANOVA models: simple factorial

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Dramatically improved ANOVA

Create custom models without limits on maximum
order of interaction
Work faster now because you dont have to specify
ranges of factor levels
Pinpoint effects as you perform post-hoc analyses
(in ONEWAY)
Choose the right model with four types of sum of squares
Increase certainty with better data handling in
empty cells
Perform lack of fit tests to select your best model
Designs: balanced, unbalanced
Analysis of covariance with up to 10 covariates methods:
classic experimental, hierarchical, regression
Enter covariates control: before, with or after main effects
Interaction: none, 2-, 3-, 4- or 5-way
Statistics: ANOVA, means and counts table, multiple
classification analysis, unstandardized regression
coefficients, n-way cell means
Up to 10 independent variables
Predicted values and deviations from the mean in
MCA table

Correlate

Methods: backward elimination, forced entry, forced

removal, forward entry, forward stepwise selection, R
change/test of significance
Equation statistics: Akaike information criterion,
Ameniyas prediction criterion, ANOVA tables (F, mean
square, probability of F, regression and residual sum of
squares), change in R , F at step, Mallows Cp, multiple R,
probability of F, R , adjusted R , Schwarz Bayesian
criterion, standard error of estimate, sweep matrix,
variance-covariance matrix
Descriptive statistics: correlation matrix, covariance matrix, cross-product deviations from the mean, means,
number of cases used to compute correlation coefficients,
one-tailed probabilities of correlation coefficients,
standard deviations, variances
Independent variable statistics: regression coefficients
(B, standard errors of coefficients, standardized regression
coefficients, approximate standard error of standardized
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regression coefficients, t ); tolerances; zero-order, part

and partial correlations; 95% confidence interval for
unstandardized regression coefficient
Variables not in equation: beta, minimum tolerance,
Durbin-Watson
Colinearity diagnostics: condition indexes, eigenvalues,
variance inflation factors, variance proportions, tolerances
Plots: casewise, histogram, normal probability,
detrended normal, partial, outlier, scatterplots
Create and save variables:
_ Prediction intervals: mean, individual
_ Predicted values: unstandardized, standardized,
adjusted, standard error of mean
_ Distances: Cooks distances, Mahalanobis distance,
leverage values
_ Residuals: unstandardized, standardized, Studentized,
deleted, Studentized deleted
_ Influence statistics: dfbetas, standardized dfbetas,
dffits, standardized dffits, covariance ratios
Option controls: F-to-enter, F-to-remove, probability of
F-to-enter, probability of F-to-remove, suppress the
constant, regression weights for weighted least-squares
model, confidence intervals, maximum number of steps,
replace missing values with variable mean, tolerance
Display regression coefficients in user-defined order
Create system file containing parameter estimates and
their covariance and correlation matrix through the
Outfile command
Apply solution to new cases or for use in further analysis

Nonparametric tests

Regression linear regression

Partial
One- and two-tailed probabilities
Mean, number of non-missing cases, standard deviation
Zero-order correlations
Up to 100 control variables
Up to 5 order values
Display correlations in matrix or serial string format,
lower triangular or rectangular correlation matrix

Bivariate
Pearson r, Kendalls tau-b, Spearman
One- and two-tailed probabilities
Means, number of non-missing cases, standard
deviations
Cross-product deviations and covariances
Display coefficients in matrix or serial format

Oneway ANOVA
Contrasts: linear, quadratic, cubic, higher-order,
user-defined
Post-hoc tests: Duncan, LSD, Bonferroni, Student-Newman-Keuls, Scheffe, Tukeys alternate test, Tukeys HSD
12 new post-hoc tests: Sidak, Gabriel, Hochberg,
Tamhane, Dunnett T3, Games-Howell, Dunnett C, Dunnet

(2 sided), Dunnett (control), Ryan-Einot-Gabriel-Welsch F

(REGW), REGW Range, Waller-Duncan
ANOVA statistics: between- and within-groups sums of
squares, degrees of freedom, mean squares, F ratio,
probability of F
Fixed-effects measures: standard deviation, standard
error, 95% confidence intervals
Random effects measures: estimate of variance
components, standard error, 95% confidence intervals
Group descriptive statistics: maximum, mean, minimum,
number of cases, standard deviation, standard error, 95%
confidence interval
Homogeneity of variance test: Levenes test
Read and write matrix materials

Chi-square: specify expected range (from data,

user-specified) and frequencies (all categories equal,
user-specified)
Binomial: define dichotomy (from data, cut point) and
specify test proportion
Runs: specify cut point (median, mode, mean, specified)
One sample: Kolmogorov-Smirnov, uniform, normal,
Poisson
Two independent samples: Mann-Whitney U,
Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z, Moses extreme, WaldWolfowitz runs
k-independent samples: Kruskal-Wallis H, median
2-related samples: Wilcoxon, sign, McNemar
k-related samples: Friedman, Kendalls W, Cochrans Q
Descriptives: maximum, mean, minimum, number of
cases, standard deviation

Multiple response

Crosstabulation tables: cell counts, cell percentages

based on cases or responses; column, row and two-way
table percentages
Frequency tables: counts, percentage of cases or
responses
Handles both multiple-dichotomy and multipleresponse groups

Modeling statistics
Data transformation and modeling
Create ID variables to label plots, establish periodically,
distinguish between historical, validation and forecasting
periods

Fit

Mean error, mean percent error

Mean absolute error, mean absolute percent error
Sum of squared errors, mean square error, root mean
square error
Durbin-Watson statistic for last generated residual series
and observed series

Curvefit
Specify 11 different types of time curves
Regression summary displays curve type, R-squared
coefficient, degrees of freedom, overall F test and
significance level, and regression coefficients

Trend-regression models available: linear, logarithmic,

inverse, quadratic, cubic, compound, power, S, growth,
exponential, logistic

Factor
Display number of cases and variable labels for an analysis
Input from correlation matrix, factor, loading matrix,
covariance matrix or raw data case file
Output of correlation matrix or factor matrix
Seven extraction methods available when analysis is
performed on correlation matrix or raw data file:
principal component, principal axis, alpha factoring,
image factoring, maximum likelihood, unweighted least
squares, and generalized least squares
Rotation methods: varimax, equamax, quartimax,
promax, oblimin
Displays initial and final communalities, eigenvalues,
percent variance, unrotated factor loadings, rotated
factor pattern matrix, factor transformation matrix, factor
structure and correlation matrix (oblique rotations only)
Analyze covariance matrix with three extraction methods:
principal component, principal axis and image
Factor scores: regression, Bartlett, Anderson-Rubin
Factor scores saved as active variables
Statistics available: univariate correlation matrix,
determinant and inverse of correlation matrix, anti-image
correlation and covariance matrices, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin
measure of sampling adequacy, Bartletts test of
sphericity, factor pattern matrix, revised communalities,
eigenvalues and percent variance by eigenvalue,
reproduced and residual correlations, factor score
coefficient matrix
Plots: scree plot, plot of variables in factor space
Matrix input and output
Calculate post-rotational sum-of-squares loadings
Apply solution to new cases or for use in further analysis
with the Select subcommand

Quick cluster
Squared Euclidean distance
Select centers by widely spaced cases, first K cases,
or direct specification
Save cluster membership as variable
Provide two methods for updating cluster centers
K-means clustering algorithms
Discriminant
Variable selection methods: direct entry, Wilks lambda
minimization, Mahalanobis distance, smallest F ratio,
minimization of sum of unexplained variation for all pairs,
largest increase in Raos V
Statistics
_ Summary: Eigenvalues, percent and cumulative
percent of variance, canonical correlations, Wilks
lambda, Chi-square tests
_ At each step: Wilks lambda, equivalent F, degrees
of freedom and significance of F for each step,
F-to-remove, tolerance, minimum tolerance,
F-to-enter, value of statistic for
each variable not in equation

Find specific results more easily than ever before.

The Viewer outlines all your work in SPSS. You
simply click on an icon representing a chart, table
or other object in the outline and the Output
Navigator takes you to the desired result.

Proximities
Compute proximities between cases or variables
Dissimilarity measures
_ Interval measure: Euclidean and squared Euclidean
distance, Chebychev distance metric, city-block or
Manhattan distance, distance in absolute Minkowski
power metric, customized
_ Counts measures: chi-square and phi-square
_ Binary measures: Euclidean and squared Euclidean
distance, size, pattern and shape difference, variance
dissimilarity measure, Lance and Williams nonmetric
Similarity measures
_ Interval measures: Pearson correlation, cosine
_ Binary measures: Russell and Rao, simple matching,
Jaccard, dice (or Czekanowski or Sorenson), Rodgers
and Tanimoto, Sokal and Sneath 1 through5, Kulczynski
1 and 2, Hamann, Goodman and Krusal lambda,
Anderbergs D, Yules Y coefficient of colligation,
Yules Q, Ochiai, dispersion similarity measure,
fourfold point correlation
Standardize data values: Z scores, range of -1 to 1, range
of 0 to 1, Maximum magnitude of 1, mean of 1, standard
deviation of 1
Transform measures: absolute values, dissimilarities
into similarities, similarities into dissimilarities, rescale
proximity values to a range of 0 to1
Specify identification variable
Print the matrix of proximities between items

Cluster
Six linkage methods to determine clusters: single linkage
(nearest neighbor), average linkage between groups,
centroid (average linkage within groups), complete linkage (farthest neighbor), median and Ward
Provide the same set of similarity and dissimilarity
measures as in proximity
Save cluster memberships as new variables
Save distance matrix for use in other procedures
Display: agglomeration schedule, cluster membership,
distance matrix
Plots: horizontal and vertical icicle plots, dendrogram
plots of cluster solution
Specify case identifier for tables and plots
Accepts matrix input and produces matrix output

_ Final: standardized canonical

discriminant function coefficients,
structure matrix of discriminant
functions, functions evaluated at
group means
_ Optional: means, standard
deviations, univariate F ratios,
pooled within-groups covariance
and correlation matrices, matrix of
pairwise F ratios, Boxs M test,
group and total covariance
matrices, unstandardized canonical
discriminant functions,
classification results table,
classification function coefficients
Rotation of coefficient (pattern) and
structure matrices
Display output step-by-step and/or
summary
In classification stage: prior probabilities,
equal, proportion of cases, or user-specified
Plot all groups, cases, territorial map, or separate groups
Save casewise results to system file for further analysis
Read/write matrix files including additional statistics:
counts, means, standard deviations and Pearson
correlation coefficients
Apply solution to new cases or for use in further analysis
Provide a jacknife estimate for misclassified error rate

Data management
New

New

New

New
New
New

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New

Display variable labels in a dialog up to 256 characters

Display variable labels as a tool tip in the Data Editor
Assign aliases to fields with the Database Assistant
Save SQL queries for later use
Create prompted queries
Select data more easily with where clause
Set any character or combination of character as the
delimiter between fields in an ASCII text file
Write SPSS data file from within other applications, such
as Excel using SPSS ODBC driver
ODBC software drivers included
Year 2000 compliance
Stay informed about your SPSS products with online
registration

Use virtually unlimited numbers of variables and cases

Specify and work with subsets of variables
Enter, edit and browse data in Data Editors spreadsheet
format
Display values or value labels in Data Editor cells
Direct access to variable information within dialog boxes
with right mouse-click
Rename variables
Sort cases
Use date formats that handle years past 2000
Choose from several data formats: numeric, comma, dot,
scientific notation, date, dollar, custom currency, string
Choose system missing and up to three user-defined
missing values per variable
Create value labels up to 60 characters
Create variable labels up to 256 characters
Create variable templates for commonly used variable
definitions
Insert and delete variables and cases
Reorder variables
Search for values of a selected variable
Transpose working files
Aggregate data using extensive set of summary functions
Split file to apply analyses and operations to subgroups
Select cases either permanently or temporarily
Process first n cases
Select random samples of cases for analysis
Select subsets of cases for analysis
Weight cases by values of a selected variable
Specify a random number seed
Rank data
Use neighboring observations for smoothing, averaging
and differencing fast Fourier transformations and its
inverse

File management
New

Read Excel 5.0/7.0 files via ODBC

Read database tables with the ODBC query wizard and
with drag and drop join support
Export tables and text as ASCII output
Save tables as HTML and charts as JPG formats to post
SPSS results on the Internet or your Intranet
Directly access the SPSS home page on the World Wide
Web
Read SYSTAT files

Use files as large as terabytes and beyond

Translate files to and from Excel, Lotus 1-2-3 and
dBASE
Read raw data from fixed, free-field or tab-delimited
ASCII files
Write data to fixed format or tab-delimited ASCII files
Read complex file structures: hierarchical files, mixed
record types, repeating data and non-standard file
structures
Read and write SPSS/PC+ system files
Merge files
Display and apply data definitions from an SPSS data file
to a working file
Update a master file with a transaction file
Read and write data matrices
Save many intermediate results for further analysis

least squares, reliability, multidimensional

scaling and probit analysis.

SPSS Advanced Statistics

SPSS Advanced Statistics powerful

multivariate technique includes: stateof-the-art general linear modeling (GLM)
procedure, variance component estimation,
MANOVA, Kaplan-Meier estimation, Cox
regression, hiloglinear, loglinear and
survival analysis.

SPSS Tables

Compute new variables using arithmetic, cross-case, date

and time, logical, missing-value, random-number, statistical or string functions
Count occurrences of values across variables
Recode string or numeric values
Recode values into consecutive integers
Create conditional transformations using DO IF, ELSE IF,
ELSE and END IF structures
Use programming structures such as do repeatend
repeat, loopend loop and vectors
Make transformations permanent or temporary
Execute transformations immediately, batched or on
demand
Cumulative distribution, inverse cumulative distributions
and random number generator functions: Beta, Cauchy,
Chi-Square, Exponential, F, Gamma, Laplace, Logistic,
Lognormal, Normal, Pareto, Student t, Uniform, Weibull
Cumulative distribution and random number generator for
discrete distribution functions: Bernoulli, Binomial,
Geometric, Hypergeometric, Negative Binomial, Poisson
Cumulative distribution for Non-central distribution:
Non-central Beta, Non-central Chi-square, Non-central F,
Non-central T

System requirements

Create more sophisticated presentationready tabular reports. Handle multipleresponse questions and missing data.
Calculate over 35 statistics automatically.

SPSS Exact Tests

SPSS Exact Tests always gives you correct

p-values, regardless of your data structure,
even if you have a small number of cases,
subset your data into fine breakdowns or
have variables where 80 percent or more of
the responses are in one category.

SPSS Categories

SPSS Categories is popular among survey

researchers, marketers and others who analyze categorical data, measure preferences,
define products or set prices. This module
performs conjoint analysis and optimal
scaling, including correspondence analysis.

Improve forecasting with complete timeseries analyses: multiple curve-fitting and

smoothing models and methods for estimating
autoregressive functions. Use powerful
ARIMA modeling techniques, including
X11ARIMA.

SPSS Conjoint

SPSS for Windows family

Increase your productivity and decisionmaking abilities by adding modules from the
SPSS for Windows family. Choose a system to
fit your needs now and have room to grow as
your needs change.

SPSS Conjoint helps market researchers

develop successful products. By performing
conjoint analysis, you learn what product
attributes are important in the consumers
mind, what the most preferred attribute
levels are, perform pricing studies, and
perform brand equity studies.

SPSS Professional Statistics

Predict behavior or events when your data

go beyond the assumptions of simpler
regression techniques, and test the reliability
and validity of your scale items. You can
perform logistic, and constrained non-linear
regression, weighted least squares, two-stage

AnswerTree
SamplePower
SPSS Data Entry Builder
SPSS Data Entry Station
NewView
DeltaGraph
Business Query for SPSS
Amos
MapInfo
Remark Office OMR
Teleform

SPSS Trends

486-based personal computers or higher

16MB of RAM minimum, 32MB virtual memory
50MB hard disk space
Microsoft Windows 95 or NT 4.0
VGA monitor or higher (SVGA recommended)
Math co-processor
Optional: e-mail, Internet browser, sound card

Other SPSS products

Transformations

werent missing. It can also estimate the

mean, covariance matrix and correlation
matrix, via regression or the EM algorithm.

SPSS Missing Value Analysis

If values are missing from your data, this
procedure may find some relationship between
the missing values and other variables. In
addition, the missing values procedure can
estimate what the value would be if the data

allCLEAR
Clear PROCESS
Neural Connection
SPSS Diamond
Trial Run
LogXact
StatXact
TextSmart
SPSS Smart Viewer
DBMS/Copy

How to Order
To place an order or to get more information, contact your
nearest SPSS office or visit our World Wide Web site at
http://www.spss.com.
SPSS Inc. United States
and Canada
Toll-free:
SPSS Federal Systems (U.S.)
SPSS Argentina srl.
SPSS Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd.
SPSS Australasia
Pty. Ltd.
Toll-free:
SPSS Bay Area
SPSS Belgium
SPSS Benelux BV
SPSS Central and Eastern Europe
SPSS East Mediterranea and Africa
SPSS Finland Oy
SPSS France SARL
SPSS Germany
SPSS Hellas SA
SPSS Hispanoportuguesa S.L.
SPSS Hong Kong Ltd.
SPSS Ireland
SPSS Israel Ltd.
SPSS Italia srl
SPSS Japan Inc.
SPSS Korea
SPSS Latin America
SPSS Malaysia Sdn Bhd
SPSS Mexico Sa de CV
SPSS Middle East and South Asia
SPSS Newton
SPSS Scandinavia AB
SPSS Schweiz AG
SPSS Singapore Private Ltd.
SPSS South Africa
SPSS Taiwan
SPSS UK Ltd.

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