Synchronous Machine Lab Book

Danijel Matejevi
Jrme Clavel
Marko Petkovi

Tests to perform:
-

Rs measurement
No-load test
Short-circuit test
Synchronisation test
Negative excitation test

Rs measurement
Wiring scheme:
Procedure:
Connect a Multimeter and set to resistance measurement, plug in between U1 and u1,
V1 and v1 or W1 and w1 and measure the resistance

Result:
Rs = 3

No-load test
The test is done using a DC machine coupled with synchronous machine. Nameplate
values of both machines will be presented in equipment used section.

Wiring scheme:

Procedure:
-

Increase the DC machine excitation current to 0.8A on table 7. First switch on

the table 7 and turn the switch for setting excitation current to 1.
Increase the voltage on DC machine on table 5 until reaching nominal speed of
1500rpm
Switch on the excitation of SM on table 1 and set the excitation current to 0A
Record values of excitation current and the voltage at 0A excitation current
Increase the voltage, thus increasing the excitation current and monitor the
frequency of the stator
Increase the voltage until reaching 220V on the machine
After finished, decrease the excitation voltage until reaching zero excitation
current and disconnect the excitation, switch off
Decrease the armature voltage of the DC machine until the machine stops
Decrease the armature current of the DC machine until it reaches 0. Switch to
0.

Equipment used:
DC Machine GL100 28W2F2A: M545
Synchronous machine, nameplate values
-

Pn = 1840W
cos = 0.8
Un = 220V/380V
In = 6.1A/3.5A
S = 2300VA
n = 1500 rpm

Tachometer Reo 444 R1 F909 (more accurate than the one build in the bench)
Multimeter MX54C, lab designation AV1004
Wattmeter: Yokogawa WT230 W110

Results:
See annexe with Excel graph and values
At 0A excitation current we see that there are 3.74V on the machine on the stator. This
is due to the remanence effect. We see that the voltage is linear up to some point, then
it loses linearity due to the saturation. All calculations will be done using linear part of
the voltage characteristics!
During the test we obtained the constant speed, which is required during the test, by
monitoring the frequency as a more precise way than if we would have measured the
speed. We also measured the speed with tachometer just to be sure and to make a
comparison.

Short-circuit test
Wiring scheme:

Procedure:
-

Connect SM stator into a short-circuit

Set excitation of DC machine to 0.8A, its nominal value
Increase speed of DC machine to 1500rpm, its nominal value
Observe the current and voltage on the SM and notice that there is some
current circulating and some voltage due to the remnant field.
Switch from 0 to 1 on table 1 switch and increase the excitation current of SM
in steps of 0.2A until reaching 3.5A stator current, nominal value of stator
current

Equipment used:
DC Machine GL100 28W2F2A: M545
Synchronous machine, nameplate values
-

Pn = 1840W
cos = 0.8
Un = 220V/380V
In = 6.1A/3.5A
S = 2300VA
n = 1500 rpm

Tachometer Reo 444 R1 F909 (more accurate than the one build in the bench)
Multimeter MX54C, lab designation AV1004

Wattmeter: Yokogawa WT230 W110

Most basic lab switch

Results:
See annexe.
Now, form the no-load and short-circuit test we can determine the Xd reactance, the
saturated one. This is done by choosing the nominal voltage of the no-load test and
reading the value of the excitation current. Then, this excitation current is used to find
the value of the stator short-circuit current and the result is obtained by the formula:
=

0
= 77.1

Where Un0 is nominal voltage and Icc is the stator current corresponding to
excitation current for which Un0 is obtained.
What is interesting to see is that even we have a short circuit on the stator there is some
voltage on the stator side. Theoretically, there should be no voltage because of the short
circuit. This might be because the voltage is not purely symmetrical.

Synchronisation with the grid

Wiring scheme:
Procedure:
-

Increase the DC machine excitation current to 0.8A on table 7. First switch on

the table 7 and turn the switch for setting excitation current to 1.
Increase the voltage on DC machine on table 5 until almost 1500rpm.
1500rpm should never be set as the SM would not be able to synchronise
properly
Increase the SM voltage to 220V
Check the rotation direction of the grid and order of phases
Check the rotation direction of the machine and order of the phases
Recheck the phases between the machine and the table to be sure
Observe the synchroscope and watch if the frequencies and voltages match
Wait until the turning hand on the synchroscope matches the red hand, then
turn the switch on
To disconnect the machine do everything above in reverse order

Equipment used:
Results and observations: