Professional Documents
Culture Documents
STATUS
REPORT ON
VIOLENCE
PREVENTION
2014
GLOBAL
STATUS
REPORT ON
VIOLENCE
PREVENTION
2014
Contents
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv
Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi
Executive summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
Part I Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Interpersonal violence a universal challenge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Part VI At a glance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Part VII Glossary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Part VIII Country profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Part IX Statistical annex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
Preface
Margaret Chan
Helen Clark
Yury Fedotov
Director-General,
World Health Organization
Administrator,
United Nations
Development Programme
Executive Director,
United Nations Office
on Drugs and Crime
Preface
Acknowledgements
The Global status report on violence prevention 2014
benefitted from the contributions of many World Health
Organization (WHO) staff and partners from other
organizations.
Alexander Butchart and Christopher Mikton coordinated and
wrote the report. Etienne Krug provided strategic direction.
Data management and statistical analysis were conducted
by Christopher Mikton and Daniel Hogan, assisted by Kacem
Iaych and Charles Upton.
Many WHO staff made invaluable contributions to the
report. Margie Peden and Tami Toroyan provided guidance
based on their experience in producing the Global status
report on road safety. Data collection was facilitated by
WHO representatives and staff at country level. At WHO
regional level, trainings, data collection and validation
were carried out by Martial Missimikim and Martin Ekeke
Monono (African Region); Alessandra Guedes and Marcelo
Korc (Region of the Americas); Rania Saad, Hala Sakr and
Joanna Vogel (Eastern Mediterranean Region); Francesco
Mitis and Dinesh Sethi (European Region); Salim Chowdhury
and Chamaiparn Santikarn (South-East Asia Region); and
Jonathon Passmore (Western Pacific Region). Other WHO
staff who contributed to the development and production
of the report include Avni Amin, Kidist Bartolomeos, Islene
Araujo De Carvalho, Alexandra Fleischmann, Claudia Garcia
Moreno, Berit Kieselbach, Colin Mathers, Vladimir Poznyak,
Florence Rusciano, Claire Scheurer and Laura Sminkey.
Country-level data were obtained through the crucial input
of:
National Data Coordinators (see Table A1 in Part IX
Statistical annex);
all respondents and attendees of the consensus meetings
in countries;
government officials who agreed to provide the country
information included in the report.
vi
Acknowledgements
Executive summary
This report focuses on interpersonal violence, which is
violence that occurs between family members, intimate
partners, friends, acquaintances and strangers, and includes
child maltreatment, youth violence, intimate partner violence,
sexual violence and elder abuse. Interpersonal violence is
a risk factor for lifelong health and social problems. It is
both predictable and preventable, and responsibility for
addressing it rests clearly with national governments.
Method
Data for this report were systematically gathered from
each country in a four-step process which was led by a
government-appointed National Data Coordinator. First,
within each country a self-administered questionnaire was
completed by respondents from ministries of health, justice,
education, gender and women, law enforcement and police,
children, social development and the interior, and, where
relevant, nongovernmental organizations. Second, these
respondents held a consensus meeting and agreed on the
Executive summary
Coverage
This report highlights data from 133 countries, covering
6.1 billion people and representing 88% of the worlds
population. Response rates by region varied, covering 63%
of the population in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 70%
in the African Region, 83% in the European Region, 88% in
the Region of the Americas and 97% in both the South-East
Asia and Western Pacific Regions.
vii
Women, children and elderly people bear the brunt of nonfatal physical, sexual and psychological abuse:
A quarter of all adults report having been physically
abused as children.
One in five women reports having been sexually abused
as a child.
One in three women has been a victim of physical or
sexual violence by an intimate partner at some point in
her lifetime.
One in 17 older adults reported abuse in the past month.
Such violence contributes to lifelong ill health particularly
for women and children and early death. Many leading
causes of death such as heart disease, stroke, cancer and
HIV/AIDS are the result of victims of violence adopting
behaviours such as smoking, alcohol and drug misuse, and
unsafe sex in an effort to cope with the psychological impact
of violence. Violence also places a heavy strain on health
and criminal justice systems, social and welfare services
and the economic fabric of communities.
viii
Executive summary
Executive summary
ix
Recommendations
The findings of the Global status report on violence
prevention 2014 are relevant to national, regional and global
violence prevention efforts. Across these levels they offer
an opportunity for all violence prevention stakeholders to
come together and step up their activities and investments
to match the burden and severity of the problem.
At a national level, the reports key recommendations are to:
strengthen data collection to reveal the true extent of the
problem;
Executive summary
Part I Background
Calls to action
Violence has long been recognized as a problem for the
criminal justice and defence sectors and has been taken up in
various United Nations (UN) resolutions dating back to 1986
(see Box 1). It was put on the international health agenda
when the World Health Assembly, at its meeting in Geneva
in 1996, adopted a resolution declaring violence a leading
worldwide public health problem (WHA49.25). The World
Health Assembly called upon Member States to give urgent
consideration to the problem of violence and requested the
Director-General of the World Health Organization (WHO)
to develop a science-based approach to understanding and
preventing violence.
WHO responded to the resolution in part with the World
report on violence and health the first comprehensive
review of violence as a global public health problem (2).
The report covered a broad spectrum of violence, from
highly visible forms such as youth violence and collective
violence, to more hidden forms that occur against women,
children and elderly people, as well as self-directed
violence. For each, the report described what was known
about the magnitude and impact of the problem, the factors
Part I Background
Part I Background
WHO/Pierre Albouy.
Part I Background
Method
Part I Background
Part I Background
Table 1: Estimated numbers and rates of homicide per 100 000 population, by WHO region and country
income status, 2012
WHO region and country income level
Number of homicides
98 081
10.9
165 617
28.5
38 447
7.0
10 277
3.8
78 331
4.3
34 328
2.1
48 245
Global
474 937
3.8
a
6.7
Female
2.7
1.2
3.2
2.7
2.0
2.7
2.5
Total
2.7
1.5
10.9
9.3
6.1
4.5
6.7
Figure 1: Homicide rate per 100 000 population by age group and country income level, 2012, world
HomicidesHomicides
per 100 000
per population
100 000 population
Figure 1
16
15
14
16
13
15
12
14
11
13
10
129
118
107
96
85
74
63
52
41
30
2
1
0
High
Figure 1
Upper middle
High
Lower middle
Upper middle
Low
Lower middle
Low
04
04
514
514
1529
3044
Age in years
1529
3044
4559
4559
60+
Figure 2
Age in years
60+
Firearm
48%
Firearm
48%
Sharp force
27%
Sharp force
27%
Other
Figure 3One in every two homicides is committed with
Firearm
a firearm although this varies markedly by
Sharp force
33%
Other
9%
region
When women are killed, it is often
32%their partner who is
Firearm
responsible. In 2013
WHO
and
others
estimated
that
as
Approximately
one
in
every
two
homicides
is
committed
withforce
75%
Sharp
33%
16%
9%
many as 38% of female homicides32%
globally were committed
a firearm, and one in four with a sharp instrument such as
by male partners while
the
corresponding
figure
for
men
a knife (see Figure 2), although the 75%
mechanism of homicide
35%
16%
27%
47%
25%
25%
Firearm
48%
33%
Other
Firearm
Sharp force
9%
32%
75%
16%
35%
African Region, low- and middle-income
47%
27%
25%
38%
37%
26%
Eastern Mediterranean Region, low- and
middle-income
26%
38%
23%
36%
38%
39%
31%
47%
22%
All regions, high-income
Figure 4
Part11
II State of the problem
10
Low
11
22%
All regions, high-income
Figure 4: Trends in estimated rates of homicide by country income status, 20002012, world
Figure 4
11
Low
10
Lower middle
9
8
Upper middle
7
6
High
5
4
World
3
2
1
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Year
12
15%
10%
18%
13%
UN Photo/Gaston Guarda.
13
25.4%
WHO European
Region
23.2%
24.6%
37.0%
High Income
WHO Eastern
Mediterranean
Region
29.8%
WHO Region
of the Americas
Western Pacific
Region
37.7%
South-East Asia
Region
36.6%
WHO African
Region
African Region
European Region
Source: WHO Global and regional estimates of violence against women (6)
14
Figure 6: Lifetime prevalence of child sexual violence in Kenya, Tanzania, Swaziland and Zimbabwe,
Figure 6
by sex
40%
Male
38%
35%
Female
33%
32%
30%
25%
28%
20%
15%
18%
10%
13%
9%
5%
0%
Kenya
Republic of
Tanzania
Swaziland*
Zimbabwe
41%
52%
15
times more likely to acquire HIV and 1.6 times more likely
to have syphilis (6). Violence against women and children
has also been strongly linked to many other adverse
health outcomes affecting the brain and nervous system,
gastrointestinal and genitourinary systems, and immune
and endocrine function (endocrine glands secrete hormones
that control and coordinate activities throughout the body)
(27, 28).
Physical
Mental health
and behavioural
Sexual and
reproductive
health
Chronic disease
Unintended pregnancy
Pregnancy
complications
Cancer
Unsafe abortions
Cardiovascular disorders
Diabetes
Gynaecological
disorders
Kidney problems
Complex pain
syndromes
Stroke
Liver disease
Unsafe sex
16
UN Photo/Martine Perret.
Exposure to violence is also strongly associated with highrisk behaviours such as alcohol and drug abuse and smoking,
which in turn are key risk factors for several leading causes
of death, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic
lung disease, liver disease and other noncommunicable
diseases (4244). Victims of violence are also at higher risk
of depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder and
suicidal behaviour (27, 28, 45, 46). Both exposure to violence
and mens perpetration of violence against women have been
shown to be associated with high-risk sexual behaviours
(47, 48). For example, findings from a multi-country study
in Eastern Europe found a substantially greater risk of
problem drinking (10 times) and drug use (six times) among
young adults who had four or more adverse experiences
in childhood compared to young adults without these
experiences (42). Young adults who experienced adverse
events in their childhood also had a 2.4 times increased risk
of cancer, 5.8 times risk of stroke and 49-fold increased risk
of attempting suicide compared to those without adverse
child experiences (42).
Women exposed to intimate partner violence are almost
twice as likely to have an alcohol use disorder, twice
as likely to experience depression, and have a 4.5-fold
increased risk of suicide attempts compared to women
Part II State of the problem
18
20
Kenya
Republic of
Tanzania
Swaziland*
Zimbabwe
Figure 8: Proportion of countries with available data on the number of homicides, by source (n = 133
reporting countries)
Figure 8
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
95%
93%
86%
Police
88%
88%
Civil or vital
registration
85%
69%
59%
40%
30%
African
Region
25%
Region of the
Americas
25%
Eastern
Mediterranean
Region
European
Region
South-East
Asia Region
Western
Pacific Region
action plan
80%
Survey data
21
70%
71%
68%
Figure 9
Figure 9: Proportion of countries that have conducted national prevalence surveys on different types of
violence (n = 133 reporting countries)
60%
57%
50%
40%
30%
41%
30%
26%
20%
10%
0%
52%
11%
All types of
violence
Armed
violence
17%
6%
Gang
violence
Youth
violence
Child
maltreatment
Intimate
partner
violence
Sexual
violence
Elder
abuse
51%
47%
39%
38%
Table 3: Population-based surveys by type of violence and country income status (n = 133 reporting
countries)a
Type of violence
High-income
Middle-income
Low-income
Armed violence
13%
11%
10%
Child maltreatment
47%
45%
14%
Elder abuse
34%
11%
5%
58%
62%
38%
Sexual violence
47%
53%
52%
Youth violence
47%
18%
14%
45%
27%
14%
There were too few reported surveys of gang violence for inclusion in this table.
23
Table 4: National action plans by type of violence and WHO region (n = 133 reporting countries)
Type of violence
African
region
Region
of the
Americas
Armed violence
41%
62%
44%
32%
50%
25%
40%
Gang violence
30%
62%
44%
33%
38%
25%
37%
Youth violence
41%
71%
44%
63%
38%
45%
53%
Child maltreatment
56%
91%
69%
78%
88%
55%
71%
63%
86%
44%
78%
75%
55%
68%
Sexual violence
70%
86%
38%
63%
75%
60%
65%
Elder abuse
33%
52%
50%
39%
50%
35%
41%
41%
76%
50%
46%
50%
50%
51%
24
Eastern
European South- Western
Mediterranean Region East Asia Pacific
Region
Region
Region
All
countries
Figure 10: Proportion of countries with national survey data and national action plans, by type of
violence (n = 133 reporting countries)
Figure 10
100%
90%
National
action plan
80%
Survey data
70%
71%
68%
60%
50%
40%
53%
40%
41%
26%
20%
10%
0%
52%
41%
37%
30%
65%
57%
11%
Armed
violence
17%
6%
Gang
violence
Youth
violence
Child
maltreatment
Intimate
partner
violence
Sexual
violence
Elder
abuse
25
UN Photo/Eskinder Debebe.
26
A growing number
of scientific studies
demonstrate the
preventability
of violence. The
evidence supporting
certain prevention
strategies is stronger
and the prevention
gains shown so far are greater for some types of violence
than for others (for example, to address child maltreatment
and youth violence). With some exceptions, most of
the existing evidence for effective violence prevention
programming also comes from studies in high-income
countries, and may not easily be adapted to low- and
middle-income settings where economic and social
conditions, and the epidemiology of the different forms of
violence, are very different (2, 56, 58).
A growing
number of
scientific studies
demonstrate the
preventability of
violence.
27
51%
50%
49%
47%
39%
38%
38%
37%
36%
35%
35%
35%
29%
26%
Mentoring (YV)
23%
23%
22%
21%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
a
Key: CM=child maltreatment; EA=elder abuse; IPV=intimate partner violence; SV=sexual violencee; YV=youth violence. While each programme is shown as relevant to a
particular type of violence, some of the programmes listed in the figure have shown preventive effects on several types of violence.
Social and cultural norm-change strategies Figure 14these types of strategies to raise awareness about violence
against women. Although rigorous evaluations of social
are the most common approach used by
100%
and cultural norm-change strategies
are still needed to
countries to address violence against women
African Region
assess their impact, they canRegion
be an ofimportant
strategy to
90%
the Americas
About half of surveyed countries reported implementing
inform and create cultural shifts in what is acceptable and
80%
Eastern Mediterranean Region
social and cultural norm-change strategies to address sexual
unacceptable behaviour, and in promoting norms supportive
70%
violence and intimate partner
European Region
71%violence against women (see
of healthy, non-violent and gender equitable relationships.
60%
Figure 11). This is in contrast to microfinance combined
South-East Asia Region
50%
with gender equity training programmes and school-based 50%
Western Pacific Region
It is not surprising that fewer countries reported
dating
violence
prevention
programmes,
where
21%
and
40%
43%
43%
implementing school-based dating violence prevention
22%
of
countries
(respectively)
reported
implementing
35%
30%
programmes. Although the practice of dating may not take
these types of approaches. Social and cultural norm-change
20%
22% or be recognized
place
as acceptable by governments in
20%
strategies19%
were also19%
one of the few types of strategies
10%
13%
some countries, only a handful of school-based dating
reportedly implemented by more than 40% of countries
0%
7%
0%
violence
prevention programmes have been developed to
in all regions
(exceptprovided
in the South-East
(see policies to reduce
Housing
the
Incentives
for youth to Asia Region)
help young people
address relationship violence and learn
Table 5). Based complete
on otherschooling
evidence, many countriesconcentration
use
of poverty
28
Table 5: Proportion of countries implementing different types of programmes on a larger scale, by type
of programme and WHO region (n = 133 reporting countries)
African
Region
Region
Eastern
European
of the
Mediterranean Region
Americas
Region
SouthEast
Asia
Region
Western
Pacific
Region
All
Child maltreatment
Home visiting
7%
52%
31%
51%
13%
30%
35%
Parenting education
11%
57%
44%
46%
13%
40%
38%
44%
62%
31%
29%
0%
35%
37%
Pre-school enrichment
22%
67%
31%
54%
13%
15%
38%
33%
71%
56%
63%
38%
30%
51%
Bullying prevention
30%
52%
69%
59%
25%
35%
47%
Mentoring
15%
29%
44%
27%
13%
10%
23%
After-school programmes
7%
43%
31%
59%
25%
20%
35%
22%
38%
0%
27%
13%
15%
22%
19%
33%
25%
12%
0%
35%
21%
41%
67%
56%
48%
25%
50%
49%
30%
52%
38%
37%
25%
25%
35%
15%
24%
50%
29%
25%
40%
29%
56%
62%
56%
42%
38%
50%
50%
11%
24%
44%
37%
0%
25%
26%
15%
19%
31%
27%
0%
30%
23%
15%
43%
56%
51%
25%
35%
39%
11%
52%
63%
40%
13%
30%
36%
Youth violence
Sexual violence
Elder abuse
29
UN Photo/Logan Abassi.
30
Figure 12: Extent to which home visiting programmes are being implemented by country/area, 2012
(n = 133 reporting countries)Home visiting programmes by country/area, 2012
Extent of implementation
Larger scale
Limited
Not implemented
Data not available
0
Not applicable
The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever
on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities,
or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted and dashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines
for which there may not yet be full agreement.
850
1,700
3,400 Kilometers
Figure 13: Extent to which public information campaigns to prevent elder abuse are being implemented,
by country/area, 2012 (n = 133 reporting countries)
Public information campaigns to prevent elder abuse by country/area, 2012
Extent of implementation
Larger scale
Limited
Not implemented
Data not available
0
Not applicable
The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever
on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities,
or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted and dashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines
for which there may not yet be full agreement.
32
850
1,700
3,400 Kilometers
51%
50%
as well as in the health, education and social sectors,
49%
among others.
47%
Figure 14: Proportion of countries with schooling and housing policies to reduce the risk of violence, by
WHO region (n = 133 reporting countries)
Figure 14
100%
African Region
90%
80%
70%
European Region
71%
60%
50%
43%
43%
35%
30%
20%
10%
50%
40%
19%
19%
22%
13%
0%
Incentives provided for youth to
complete schooling
7%
20%
0%
33
34
UN Photo/Sophia Paris.
36
Country
Background check
Minimum age
Licence denied or Limits on ammunition
for purchase revoked where family
violence is present
Private sales
permitted
Austria
18 years;
21 years for
handguns
Brazil
China
Colombia
18 years
Yes
Finland
18 years (15
with parental
consent)
No
Yes
Japan
18 years
No
No
Mexico
18 years
No
No
Nigeria
No
Only as much as
prescribed by licence
No
South
Africa
21 years,
with some
exceptions
Yes
No
Sweden
18 years
Yes
No
United
States of
America
18 years for
shotguns and
rifles; 21 years
for handguns
and other
weapons
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Information not
available
Source: GunPolicy.org [website] hosted by the University of Sydney (http://www.gunpolicy.org/, accessed 20 August 2014) (91).
37
38
Figure 15: The proportion of countries with laws to prevent violence and the extent to which countries
report these laws as being fully enforced (n = 133Figure15
reporting countries)
Fully enforced
Against statutory rape
64%
99%
64%
98%
88%
51%
87%
44%
84%
57%
81%
51%
78%
38%
76%
30%
73%
43%
94%
57%
59%
30%
20%
Exists
40%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Figure 18
39
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Figure 16
Figure 16: Proportion of countries reporting implementation
of mental health services for victims of
violence at larger scale (n = 133 reporting countries)
26%
Western
Pacific Region
66%
European Region
40
71%
56%
Eastern
Mediterranean
Region
50%
15%
African Region
South-East
Asia Region
Figure 17: Proportion of countries with identification, referral and support services available, by type of
Figure 17
service (n = 133 reporting countries)
Child protection services
69%
67%
59%
53%
49%
34%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
71%
41
Figure 18: Proportion of countries with child and adult protective services, by WHO region (n = 133
Figure 18
reporting countries)
Adult protective services
100%
90%
88%
80%
81%
81%
70%
75%
60%
50%
48%
40%
41%
30%
38%
25%
20%
10%
45%
42%
30%
15%
0%
African
Region
Region of the
Americas
Eastern
Mediterranean
Region
European
Region
South-East
Asia Region
Western
Pacific Region
71%
26%
66%
42
56%
50%
UN Photo/Martine Perret.
43
CONCLUSIONS
47
National level
A primary aim of the report is to identify gaps in national
violence prevention efforts and to stimulate actions to
address them. Accordingly, countries should review the
reports findings for their countries in relation to regional and
global findings and in this way develop a roadmap for how
their existing violence prevention efforts can be improved.
Where necessary, this review could be done by reconvening
the intersectoral expert groups that were established during
the data collection process. The review should pay particular
attention to the following recommendations deriving from
the main findings of the report and the gaps it identified.
Strengthen data collection to reveal the true extent
of the problem. Vital registration and police systems
for collecting data on violence-related deaths should be
evaluated for the completeness and accuracy of the data
they collect; their use of international classifications of fatal
and non-fatal violence (ICD-1O and UNODC international
classification of crime); breakdown by age, sex, homicide
mechanism and victim-perpetrator relationship; and
48
REFERENCES
1.
9.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
51
52
53
68. Foshee VA, Reyes HLM, Ennett ST, Cance JD, Bauman KE,
Bowling JM. Assessing the effects of families for Safe
dates, a family-based teen dating abuse prevention program.
Journal of Adolescent Health. 2012;51(4):34956.
54
83. Herrenkohl TI, Maguin E, Hill KG, Hawkins JD, Abbott RD,
Catalano RF. Developmental risk factors for youth violence.
Journal of Adolescent Health. 2000;26(3):17686.
84. Reynolds AJ, Temple JA, Robertson DL, Mann EA. Long-term
effects of an early childhood intervention on educational
achievement and juvenile arrest: a 15-year follow-up of lowincome children in public schools. Journal of the American
Medical Association. 2001;285(18):233946.
85. Posner JK, Vandell DL. Low-income childrens after-school
care are there beneficial effects of after-school programs?
Child Development. 1994;65(2):44056.
86. World Health Organization. Global status report on alcohol
and health 2014. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014.
87. Markowitz S. The price of alcohol, wife abuse and husband
abuse. Southern Economic Journal, 2000, 67: 279303.
88. Grossman M, Markowitz S. Alcohol regulation and violence
on college campuses. In Grossman M, Hsieh CR eds. Economic
Part IV The way forward
55
56
Validation
Government clearance
59
60
Table 7: Country participation in the survey, by WHO region and income group
WHO region
African
Number of
WHO Member
States and
Associate
Members
Countries/areas
participating
% of regional
population
covered by
participating
countries
47
27
70
88
63
83
97
97
Americas
35
21
(4 high-income countries,
17 middle-income countries)
Eastern
Mediterranean1
22
European
53
16
(6 high-income countries,
9 middle-income countries,
1 low-income country)
41
(25 high-income countries,
14 middle-income countries,
2 low-income countries)
South-East Asia
11
8
(5 middle-income countries,
3 low-income countries)
Western Pacific2
27
20
(5 high-income countries,
14 middle-income countries,
1 low-income country)
GLOBAL
195
133
88
Includes one non-member area, the West Bank and Gaza Strip.
Includes one Associate Member, Tokelau.
References
1.
2.
World Health Organization. Global status report on road safety. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2009.
Krug E, Dahlberg L, Mercy J, Zwi A, Lozano R. World report on violence and health. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2002.
61
62
63
64
= ( )
log( ) = + []
+ []
+
65
Modelled estimate
with country data
Modelled estimate
without country data
Countrya
Argentina, Austria, Bahamas, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus,
Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia, Finland, Guyana, Hungary, Iceland, India, Israel, Japan, Jordan,
Kazakhstan, Latvia, Luxembourg, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Panama, Poland,
Portugal, Republic of Korea, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Singapore, Slovenia, Suriname,
Sweden, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Trinidad and Tobago, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of
America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
Australia, Belize, Bulgaria, Costa Rica, France, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Ireland, Italy, Kyrgyzstan, Lithuania,
Paraguay, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, Uruguay
Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Botswana, Cambodia, Dominican Republic,
Georgia, Honduras, Jamaica, Kenya, Malawi, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua,
Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Peru, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Swaziland, Syrian Arab Republic, Tajikistan, Thailand,
Turkey, Uganda, Yemen
Albania, Bahrain, Fiji, Iraq, Kuwait, Lesotho, Montenegro, Philippines, Uzbekistan
Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Benin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brunei Darussalam, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cabo Verde,
Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Cte d'Ivoire, Democratic People's Republic of Korea,
Democratic Republic of the Congo, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea,
Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Liberia, Libya,
Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania, Myanmar, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Qatar, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia,
Senegal, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tunisia, Turkmenistan,
United Arab Emirates, United Republic of Tanzania, Viet Nam, West Bank and Gaza Strip, Zambia, Zimbabwe
a Not listed here are 22 Member States with populations less than 300 000 for which homicide estimates were included in regional tables but not reported separately.
Demographic
Social (dis)organization
Deterrence
Routine activity
Economic and social development
Unemployment rate
Gross domestic product
Literacy rate
Mean years of education
Alcohol consumption rate
Child stunting
Firearms per capita
References
1. WHO Mortality Database [online database]. Geneva: World health
Organization; 2014. (http://www.who.int/healthinfo/mortality_
data/en/, accessed 20 August 2014).
2. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. 2011 Global study on
homicide: trends, contexts, data. Vienna: United Nations Office on
Drugs and Crime; 2011.
66
Terminology
A full list of definitions of all key terms used in this report
can be found in Part VI, Glossary.
The information on levels and patterns of drinking and
excise taxes on alcohol sales was taken from the 2014
Global status report on alcohol and health (1).
Total per capita consumption is defined as total (recorded
plus estimated unrecorded) alcohol per capita for those
aged 15 years and older within a calendar year in litres
of pure alcohol (1).
The patterns of drinking score reflects how people
drink instead of how much they drink within a population.
Strongly associated with the alcohol-attributable burden
of disease in a country, the patterns of drinking score
is measured on a scale from one (least risky pattern
of drinking) to five (most risky pattern of drinking). The
Part V Explanatory notes
67
68
Reference
1.
Part VI At a glance
At a glance
CHILD
MALTREATMENT
Millions of children suffer abuse and neglect at
the hands of their parents and other caregivers.
Prevention approaches
There are a number of evidence-based programmes designed to help strengthen
early relationships and interactions between children and their caregivers, promote
healthy development and prevent child maltreatment.
Key facts:
Nearly one in four adults reports
having been physically abused
as a child; 36% say they were
emotionally abused as a child.
20% of women and 510% of
men report having been sexually
abused as children.
Maltreatment can cause changes
in the brain that increase the
risk of behavioural, physical
and mental health problems in
adulthood.
Being a victim of child
maltreatment can increase the risk
that a person will become a victim
and/or perpetrator of other forms
of violence in adolescence and
adulthood.
70
29
No
41
71
59
National surveys
At a glance
23
Home visiting
35
42
None
(not implemented at all)
Parenting education
15
Limited
(implemented once or
a few times)
47
38
Larger scale
(e.g. across many
schools or communities
or has reached 30%
or more of the target
population)
15
48
37
CHILD MALTREATMENT
Parenting education programmes aim to improve childrearing skills, increase knowledge of child development
and encourage positive child management strategies
strategies.
Parenting education programmes show great promise
in preventing child maltreatment and promoting
positive parenting and child behaviour
behaviour.
71
At a glance
YOUTH VIOLENCE
Globally, more than 500 young people are
murdered every day.
Prevention approaches
A variety of approaches have been developed to reduce violent behaviour among
young people. The most common approaches help children and adolescents
manage anger, resolve conflict and develop the necessary social skills to solve
problems.
Key facts:
Worldwide an estimated 200 000
homicides occur each year among
youth aged 1029 years, accounting
for 43% of all homicides annually.
In over 80% of deaths due to youth
violence the victim is a male.
For each young person killed, many
more sustain injuries requiring
hospital treatment.
Beyond deaths and injuries, youth
violence can lead to mental health
problems and increased health
risk behaviours, such as smoking,
alcohol and drug use, and unsafe sex.
Perpetrators and victims of youth
violence often have a long history of
involvement in violence, and many
were victims of child maltreatment.
72
No
26
47
53
74
National surveys
At a glance
Preschool enrichment
35
38
34
None
15
51
Limited
(implemented once or
a few times)
Larger scale
(e.g. across many
schools or communities
or has reached 30%
or more of the target
population)
27
50
23
34
19
47
YOUTH VIOLENCE
Mentoring
Mentoring programmes match a young person at
high risk of antisocial behaviour or growing up in a
single-parent family with a caring older person from
outside the family
family. Mentoring can reduce illicit drug
initiation, truancy and other risk factors for youth
violence.
violence
Bullying prevention
Bullying prevention programmes can involve anger management, social skills
and assertiveness training for children involved in bullying; teaching peers active
listening and problem solving skills to help those involved; and whole-school
approaches such as developing an anti-bullying policy
policy.
73
At a glance
INTIMATE
PARTNER VIOLENCE
Globally, one in three women has been a victim
of violence by an intimate partner.
Key facts:
74
Prevention approaches
Promoting gender equity, creating a climate of non-tolerance for violence and
starting prevention efforts at a young age are some of the key strategies for
preventing intimate partner violence.
Yes
32
No
43
57
68
National surveys
At a glance
32
46
22
None
Limited
37
(implemented once or
a few times)
42
Larger scale
(e.g. across many
schools or communities
or has reached 30%
or more of the target
population)
21
11
40
49
75
At a glance
SEXUAL VIOLENCE
Globally, 7% of women have experienced sexual
violence by someone other than an intimate
partner in their lifetime.
Key facts:
Sexual violence against women
and girls can lead to unintended
pregnancies, unsafe abortions,
gynaecological problems and
sexually transmitted infections,
including HIV.
Women who have experienced
non-partner sexual violence are 2.3
times more likely to have alcohol
use disorders and 2.6 times more
likely to have depression or anxiety
than women who have not.
Boys and men also suffer sexual
violence, although this remains
poorly documented.
Prevention approaches
Addressing the root causes of violence against women starting prevention efforts
at a young age, changing social norms accepting of sexual violence against women
and implementing strategies to promote gender equity are some of the key
strategies for preventing sexual violence.
35
48
52
65
76
No
National surveys
At a glance
20
45
35
None
(not implemented at all)
Limited
26
(implemented once or
a few times)
45
Larger scale
29
11
39
50
SEXUAL VIOLENCE
77
At a glance
ELDER ABUSE
Many older people experience some form of
abuse in the home.
Key facts:
National surveys conducted
in predominantly high-income
countries find wide variation in
rates of abuse in the preceding
12 months among adults aged
over 60 years, ranging from 0.8%
in Spain and 2.6% in the United
Kingdom to upwards of 18% in
Israel, 23.8% in Austria and 32%
in Belgium.
Elder abuse can lead to serious
physical injuries and long-term
psychological consequences,
including depression and anxiety.
Elder abuse is predicted to
increase as many countries are
experiencing rapidly ageing
populations.
78
Prevention approaches
Strategies to prevent elder abuse include efforts to raise professional awareness
and train practitioners; inform the public about how to identify the signs and
symptoms of elder abuse and where help can be obtained, and improving policies
and practices in residential care facilities for elderly people. There is, however, very
little research on the effectiveness of any such programmes in preventing elder
abuse, and this is a critical gap to fill.
No
17
41
59
83
National surveys
At a glance
36
24
43
None
(not implemented at all)
23
Limited
(implemented once or
a few times)
Larger scale
(e.g. across many
schools or communities
or has reached 30%
or more of the target
population)
Caregiver support
28
33
39
27
37
36
ELDER ABUSE
79
82
83
84
AFGHANISTAN
Population: 29 824 536
NO
NO
NO
YES
YES
YES//
YES
YES
NO
NO
0.7
Spirits:
Partial
18 / 16
YES
YES
YES
YES1 (NO)
YES
YES
Parenting education
Training to recognise / avoid sexually
NO
abusive situations
YES
NO
NO
YES
YES
VICTIM SERVICES
YES
YES
YES
DATA ON VIOLENCE
National prevalence surveys for non-fatal violence
Youth violence NO
Intimate partner violence NO
Sexual violence NO
Child maltreatment NO
Elder abuse NO
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
VA
ILA
BL
Afghanistan
Data collection by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Public Health.
VICTIM LAWS
Larger scale
Implementation
TA
OT
AN
LE
ILAB
AVA
DA
TA
NO
DAT
Albania
Subnational.
Other 6%
Part VIII Country profiles
Strangulation 1%
pulation
Burn 1%
7
6
87
ALBANIA
Population: 3 162 083
YES
YES
7
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
Partial
18 / 18
YES
YES
NO
YES (YES)
YES
Parenting education
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
VA
ILA
BL
VICTIM SERVICES
TA
NO
TA
VICTIM LAWS
DA
NO
YES
OT
AN
DAT
YES
YES
YES
NO
Albania
Elder abuse
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Other 6%
Burn 1%
Strangulation 1%
Blunt force 10%
Firearm 66%
Sharp force 17%
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
2001
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
2002
Source: Police
Algeria
Firearm 26%
pulation
Unknown 5%
88
2
1.8
1.6
1.4
DATA ON VIOLENCE
ALGERIA
Population: 38 481 705
YES
YES
1
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
YES
YES
VA
TA
NO
TA
DA
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
VICTIM LAWS
4
VICTIM SERVICES
NO
YES
Firearm 66%
3
Adult protective
services
2
Child protection
services
1
Medico-legal services for sexual violence
0
Mental health
2001 services
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment YES
Algeria
YES
YES
YES
YES
2008
2007
2009
2010
2011
Year
Elder abuse NO
19 / 19
YES
YES
NO
YES (NO)
YES
Parenting education
YES
Partial
ILA
BL
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Firearm 26%
Other 36%
Unknown 5%
Strangulation 1%
2
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Armenia
Subnational.
Firearm 10%
Sharp force 25%
lation
2005
Year
2.5
89
ARMENIA
Population: 2 969 081
Afghanistan
DA
TA
NO
TA
VA
ILA
BL
E
YES
YES
5.3
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
16 / 16
YES
YES
YES
YES (YES)
YES
Parenting education
YES
YES
Firearm 66%
YES
YES
YES
NO
Firearm 26%
NO
Other 36%
1
0.8
0.6
Adult protective
services
0.4
Child protection
services
0.2
Medico-legal
services for sexual violence
0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
2009
2010
2011
VICTIM SERVICES
NO
NO Sharp force 32%
Strangulation 1%
Child maltreatment NO
2007
Year
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Armenia
YES
YES
YES
2008
YES
2009
2010
2011
Elder abuse NO
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Firearm 10%
Other 57%
Blunt force 5%
Strangulation 1%
Burn 2%
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
2001
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
2002
Source: Police
Australia
Unknown 3%
Firearm 17%
1.8
ulation
90
1.6
1.4
VICTIM LAWS
Youth violence
prevention programmes
7
Pre-school6enrichment
YES
Life skills and
social development training
YES
5
Mentoring4
YES
After-school
YES
3 supervision
School anti-bullying
NO
2
Intimate partner
violence prevention programmes
1
0
Dating violence
prevention in schools
NO
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Microfinance and gender equity training
NO
Year
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Sexual violence prevention programmes
School and college programmes
YES
Physical environment changes
YES
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Elder abuse prevention programmes
2
Professional
awareness campaigns
YES
1.8
Public information
campaigns
NO
1.6
Caregiver1.4support
YES
1.2
Residential
care policies
NO
Rate per 100 000 population
Partial
OT
AN
DA
TA
NO
DAT
AUSTRALIA
Population: 23 050 471
Alcohol 6
Adult (15+)5 per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
Patterns of4 drinking score
LEAST RISKY
3
Excise taxes
Beer: YES
Wine: NO
2
Firearm 26%
YES1
YES1
Armenia
Against
contact sexual violence without rape YES1
Firearm 10%
Elder abuse laws
Against elder abuse
YES
VICTIM LAWS
2008
2009
2010
2011
2
1.8
Youth violence
prevention programmes
1.6
Pre-school
enrichment
NO
1.4
Life skills1.2and social development training
NO
Mentoring1
YES
0.8
After-school
supervision
NO
0.6
School anti-bullying
YES
0.4
Intimate 0.2
partner violence prevention programmes
0
Dating violence
prevention
in schools
YES
2001 2002
2003 2004
2005 2006 2007 2008
Microfinance and gender equity trainingYear
YES
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Sexual violence prevention programmes
School and college programmes
YES
Physical environment changes
YES
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Elder abuse prevention programmes
3
Professional awareness campaigns
YES
2.5
Public information campaigns
YES
Caregiver 2support
YES
Residential
care policies
YES
1.5
2009
2010
2011
YES1
1
force 5%
YESBlunt
Strangulation 1%
Burn 2%
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment YES
Australia
2007
Year
YES
YES
YES
2008
YES
VICTIM SERVICES
2009
2010
2011
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide2
Unknown 3%
Other 46%
Sharp force 33%
1.8
Firearm 17%
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
2001
Blunt force 1%
Sources. Mechanism: Police/ Reported homicides: Police
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Austria
Subnational.
Homicides classified as commited without a weapon are included in "other".
Firearm 14%
1.2
pulation
2007
18 / 18
YES
YES1
YES1
YES1 (NO)
2006
Year times
Full KEY No response/ dont know Once/few
Larger scale
Implementation
Enforcement Child maltreatment prevention programmes
Home visiting
YES
YES
Parenting education
Partial
12.2
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
0
LAWS AND PREVENTION PROGRAMMES BY
VIOLENCE
2001TYPE
2002 OF
2003
2004 2005
YES1
YES1
Albania
Income inequality:
91
AUSTRIA
Firearm 66%
4
3
2
1
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Strangulation 1%
1.8
1.6
Alcohol 1.4
Adult (15+)
1.2 per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
Patterns of1 drinking score
LEAST RISKY
0.8
Excise taxes
Beer:
YES
Wine: NO
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Algeria
YES
YES1
10.3
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
2010
2011
Other 46%
VICTIM LAWS
Year times
No response/dont know Limited
Partial
Full KEY No response/ dont know Once/few
Larger scale
Implementation
Child maltreatment laws
Enforcement Child maltreatment prevention programmes
Legal age of marriage (male/female)
18 / 18
Home visiting
YES
Armenia
Against
statutory rape
YES
Training to recognise / avoid sexually
Against female genital mutilation
YES
YES
abusive situations
10%
Ban on corporal punishment (all settings) Firearm
YES
(YES)
3
Youth violence laws
Youth violence prevention programmes
2.5
Against weapons on school premises
YES Sharp force 25% Pre-school enrichment
YES
2
Against gang or criminal group membership
YES
Life skills and
social development training
YES
Other 57%
Mentoring
YES
1.5
After-school supervision
YES
1
School anti-bullying
YES
Blunt force 5%
Intimate partner violence laws
Intimate 0.5
partner violence prevention programmes
Strangulation 1% Dating violence
0
Against rape in marriage
YES
prevention in schools
YES
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Burn
Allowing removal of violent spouse from home YES2%
NO
YES
Against
contact sexual violence without rape YES
Physical environment changes
Australia
Against non-contact sexual violence
YES
YES
Social and cultural norms change
Professional
awareness campaigns
YES
Firearm
1.6
Against elder abuse in institutions
YES
campaigns
YES
Public information
1.4
Caregiver1.2support
YES
Residential
YES
1 care policies
VICTIM0.8SERVICES
Blunt force 1%
0.6
Adult protective
services
0.4
Child protection
services
0.2
Medico-legal
services for sexual violence
0
2001 services
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Mental health
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment YES
Austria
2009
2010
2011
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Firearm 14%
1.2
Other 33%
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
2001
Blunt force 6%
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Azerbaijan
Subnational.
Firearm 12%
92
Unknown 32%
3.5
ulation
2007
Year
YES
YES
YES
2008
YES
AZERBAIJAN
Strangulation 1%
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Armenia
YES
NO
2.5
Alcohol
Adult (15+)2 per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
Patterns 1.5
of drinking score
LEAST RISKY
Excise taxes
Beer:
YES
Wine: YES
1
2.3
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
0.5
Strangulation
1%
0 TYPE OF VIOLENCE
LAWS AND
PREVENTION
PROGRAMMES BY
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Burn 2%
2006
2007
2008
2009
2007
NO
YES
YES
2008
YES
2010
2011
YES1
YES
0.6
VICTIM SERVICES
Blunt force 6%
0.4
Adult protective
services
0.2
Child protection
services
Medico-legal
0 services for sexual violence
2001 services
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Mental health
Year
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment NO
Azerbaijan
Firearm 12%
2010
Elder abuse NO
3.5
Unknown 32%
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Bahrain
Subnational.
Firearm 18%
1.6
ulation
2009
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Other 5%
2011
VICTIM LAWS
Parenting education
Australia
Against
statutory rape
YES
Training to recognise / avoid sexually
abusive situations
Against female genital mutilation
NO
NO
Unknown
3%
Ban on corporal punishment
(all settings)
YES (NO)
1.8
Firearm 17%
Youth violence laws
Youth violence
prevention programmes
1.6
Against weapons on school premises
YES
YES
1.4 enrichment
Pre-school
Mentoring1
NO
Other 46%
0.8
After-school
supervision
YES
0.6
School anti-bullying
NO
0
Dating violence
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Blunt force
1% from home NO
Allowing removal of violent
spouse
Microfinance
and gender equity training
NO
Year
Social and cultural norms change
NO
Professional
awareness campaigns
NO
Public information
campaigns
NO
1
Other 33%
Caregiver0.8support
NO
1.4
1.2
93
Blunt force 5%
Strangulation 1%
Burn 2%
BAHRAIN
Population: 1 317 827
1.5
1
0.5
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Income inequality:
Australia
1.6
1.4
Alcohol 1.2
Adult (15+)1 per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
Patterns 0.8
of drinking score
0.6
Excise taxes
Beer:
Wine:
2.1
Spirits:
0.4
0.2
0
Blunt force 1%
NO
NO
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year times
No response/dont know Limited
Partial
Full KEY No response/ dont know Once/few
Larger scale
Implementation
Child maltreatment laws
Enforcement Child maltreatment prevention programmes
Legal age of marriage (male/female)
16 / 16
Home visiting
YES
Against
child marriage
YES
YES
Parenting education
Austria
Against statutory rape
YES
Training to recognise / avoid sexually
abusive situations
Against female genital mutilation
NO
YES
Firearm
14%
Ban on corporal punishment (all settings)
YES (NO)
1.2
Other 33%
0.8
Against gang or criminal group membership
YES
YES
Life skills and social development training
0.6
Mentoring
YES
0.4 supervision
School anti-bullying
YES
0.2
Strangulation
11%
Intimate partner
violence
laws
Intimate partner violence prevention programmes
0
Against rape in marriage
Dating violence
prevention
in schools
2009 2010 2011
Blunt force 6%
2001 2002
2003 2004
2005 2006 2007 2008
Allowing removal of violent spouse from home
Azerbaijan
Against
contact sexual violence without rape YES
Firearm 12%
Elder abuse laws
Elder abuse
prevention programmes
3.5
Against elder abuse
YES
awareness campaigns
YES
Professional
3
Against Unknown
elder abuse
in
institutions
YES
Public
information
campaigns
YES
32%
2.5
Caregiver support
YES
VICTIM 1.5
SERVICES
YES
1
Adult protective
services
0.5
Child protection
services
0 services for sexual violence
Medico-legal
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Mental health services
Year
2007
YES
YES
YES
2008
YES
2009
2010
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment
Bahrain
Elder abuse
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Other 37%
1.6
Firearm 18%
Strangulation 9%
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
2001
Blunt force 9%
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
2011
Source: Police
Bangladesh
Subnational.
94
2.95
opulation
2.9
2.85
Data collection by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
VICTIM LAWS
Rate per 10
Other 46%
Sharp force 33%
BANGLADESH
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
2001
Blunt force 1%
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Austria
2002
NO
NO
Alcohol 0.8
Adult (15+)
per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
0.6
Patterns of drinking score
LEAST RISKY
0.4
Excise taxes
Beer: YES
Wine: YES
0.2
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
0.2
0
Blunt forceLAWS
6% AND PREVENTION PROGRAMMES BY
2001TYPE
2002 OF
2003
2004 2005
VIOLENCE
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
NO
YES
Strangulation 9%
VICTIM 0.6
SERVICES
Blunt force 9%
0.4
Adult protective
services
0.2
Child protection
services
0
Medico-legal
for sexual
violence
2001services
2002 2003
2004 2005
2006
Mental health services
Year
NO
YES
YES
2008
NO
2007
2009
2010
2011
DATA ON VIOLENCE
National prevalence surveys for non-fatal violence
Youth violence NO
Intimate partner violence NO
Sexual violence NO
Child maltreatment NO
Bangladesh
Afghanistan
Elder abuse NO
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
DA
TA
NO
TA
VA
ILA
BL
2.95
2.9
2.85
2.8
2.75
OT
AN
2.7
LE
ILAB
AVA
DAT
2.65
2.6
2.55
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Source: Police
Belarus
Albania
Strangulation 1%
Firearm 2%
pulation
opulation
Unknown 7%
Other 6%
Part VIII Country profiles
Burn 1%
14
8
12
7
106
95
Data collection by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedic Rehabilitation.
VICTIM LAWS
YES
Against
child marriage
YES
Azerbaijan
Parenting education
YES
Firearm
3.5
Ban on corporal punishment (all settings)
YES (NO)
3
Youth violence laws
Youth violence
prevention programmes
2.5enrichment
Against Unknown
weapons32%
on school premises
YES
Pre-school
YES
Mentoring
YES
1.5
After-school
YES
1 supervision
Sharp force 51%
School anti-bullying
YES
0.5
Other 5%
Intimate partner violence laws
Intimate partner violence prevention programmes
0
2001 2002
2003 2004
2005 2006 2007 2008
Against rape in marriage
Dating violence
prevention
in schools
NO 2009 2010 2011
Allowing removal of violent spouse from home
Bahrain
YES
Against contact sexual violence without rape YES
Physical environment changes
YES
Against non-contact sexual violence
YES
Social and cultural norms change
Professional
YES
1.4 awareness campaigns
Against elder
abuse
NO
Public information
campaigns
YES
1.2
Other
37%in institutions
Caregiver support
YES
1
BELARUS
Strangulation 11%
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
2001
Blunt force 6%
2002
2003
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Alcohol 2.5
Adult (15+) per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
2
Patterns of drinking score
LEAST RISKY
1.5
Excise taxes
Beer: YES
Wine: YES
1
Firearm 18%
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
VICTIM LAWS
Providing for victim compensation
Providing for victim legal representation
2002
2003
2004
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
NO
YES
1.6
2009
2010
2011
Adult protective
services
2.65
Child protection
services
2.6
Medico-legal
2.55 services for sexual violence
2001 services
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Mental health
2007
Year
YES
YES
YES
2008
YES
2.75
VICTIM2.7
SERVICES
2009
2010
2011
Elder abuse NO
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Firearm 2%
14
Other 23%
Strangulation 3%
Unknown 7%
2007
Youth violence
prevention programmes
1.4
Pre-school
enrichment
YES
1.2
Life skills and
social
development
training
YES
1
Mentoring
YES
0.8
After-school
YES
0.6 supervision
School anti-bullying
YES
0.4
Intimate 0.2
partner violence prevention programmes
Dating violence
prevention in schools
YES
0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Microfinance
and gender equity training
YES
Year
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Sexual violence prevention programmes
School and college programmes
YES
Physical environment changes
YES
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Elder abuse prevention programmes
2.95 awareness campaigns
Professional
YES
2.9
Public information
campaigns
YES
2.85
Caregiver
support
YES
2.8
Residential
care policies
YES
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment YES
2006
15 / 15
YES
YES
YES
YES (YES)
2001
YES
Parenting education
Partial
17.5
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
0.5
0 TYPE OF VIOLENCE
LAWS AND PREVENTION PROGRAMMES BY
YES
YES
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Belgium
96
Firearm 10%
Sharp force 12%
1.4
lation
Unknown 29%
1.2
Azerbaijan
Belarus
2006
BELGIUM
Other 5%
1.5
1
0.5
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Strangulation 9%
Bahrain
YES1
1.4
Alcohol 1.2
Adult (15+)1 per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
0.8
Patterns of
drinking score
LEAST RISKY
0.6
Excise taxes
Beer: YES
Wine: YES
0.4
11
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
0.2
0
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
6
VICTIM SERVICES
Strangulation
Providing
for victim3%
compensation
YES
YES
4
Adult protective
services
2
Child protection
services
Medico-legal
0 services for sexual violence
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Mental health
services
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment YES1
Belgium
2009
2010
2011
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Firearm 10%
Sharp force 12%
Blunt force 2%
Strangulation 2%
Burn 5%
Other 40%
1.4
Unknown 29%
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
2001
Sources. Mechanism: General Directorate for Public Health/ Reported homicides: Police
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Belize
Subnational.
Unknown 3%
Blunt force 7%
Other 3%
pulation
2007
Year
YES
YES
YES
2008
YES
45
40
35
97
Data collection by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Health, Food Chain Safety and Environment.
VICTIM LAWS
force 9%
Year times
No response/dont know Blunt
Limited
Partial
Full KEY No response/ dont know Once/few
Larger scale
Implementation
Child maltreatment laws
Enforcement Child maltreatment prevention programmes
Legal age of marriage (male/female)
18 / 18
Home visiting
YES
Against
child marriage
YES
YES
Parenting education
Bangladesh
Against statutory rape
YES
Training to recognise / avoid sexually
Against female genital mutilation
YES
YES
abusive situations
2.9
Youth violence laws
Youth violence
prevention programmes
2.85enrichment
Against weapons on school premises
YES
Pre-school
Against gang or criminal group membership
YES
2.75
Mentoring
YES
2.7 supervision
After-school
2.65
School anti-bullying
YES
Belarus
Against
contact sexual violence without rape YES
Firearm 2%
Elder abuse lawsUnknown 7%
Elder abuse prevention programmes
14
Against elder abuse
YES
YES
Professional awareness campaigns
12
1
Against elder abuse in institutions
YES
Public information
campaigns
YES
10support
Caregiver
YES
Other 23%
Sharp force 47%
Residential8 care policies
YES
BELIZE
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
Strangulation 9%
0
2001
Blunt force 9%
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Bangladesh
NO
NO
2.9
Alcohol 2.85
Adult (15+)
2.8 per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
Patterns 2.75
of drinking score
LEAST RISKY
Excise taxes
Beer: NO
Wine: NO
2.7
8.5
MOST RISKY
Spirits: NO
2.65
2.6
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Strangulation 2%
NO Burn 5%
YES1
Other 40%
0.8
VICTIM SERVICES
0.6
Adult protective
services
0.4
Child protection services
0.2
Medico-legal services for sexual violence
0
Mental health
2001 services
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment YES
Belize
Blunt force 7%
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
2001
Elder abuse NO
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
2010
Trends in homicides
Other 3%
2009
2011
Year
Mechanism of homicide
Unknown 3%
2007
YES
YES
YES
YES
2008
Source: Police
Benin
Subnational.
98
Data collection by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by National Security Council Secretariat.
VICTIM LAWS
Belarus
Against
statutory rape
YES
Training to recognise / avoid sexually
abusive situations
Against female genital mutilation
NO
YES
Firearm 2%
Ban on corporal punishment
(all settings)
YES (NO)
Unknown 7%
14
Youth violence laws
Youth violence
prevention programmes
Against weapons on school premises
YES
YES
Pre-school12enrichment
10
Against gang
or
criminal
group
membership
YES
Life
skills
and
social
development
training
YES
Other 23%
Sharp force 47%
Mentoring 8
YES
After-school
YES
6 supervision
School anti-bullying
NO
4
Strangulation 3%
Intimate partner violence laws
Intimate partner
violence
prevention
programmes
2
Against rape in marriage
YES
prevention in schools
YES
Dating violence
0
Blunt force 18%
2001and2002
2003equity
2004 training
2005 2006 2007 YES
2008 2009 2010 2011
Allowing removal of violent spouse from home YES
gender
Microfinance
Year
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Belgium
YES
Against non-contact sexual violence
YES
Social and cultural norms change
Professional
YES
Public information
campaigns
YES
1.2
Caregiver support
YES
1
Blunt force 2%
Residential care policies
YES
Rate p
2.65
2.6
2.55
2001
BENIN
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Belarus
Firearm 2%
YES1
NO
10
Alcohol 8
Adult (15+)6 per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
Patterns of4 drinking score
LEAST RISKY
Excise taxes
Beer:
YES
Wine: YES
2
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2.1
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
2010
2011
Year
10
VICTIM SERVICES
NO
YES
5
Adult protective
services
0
Child protection
services
2001 2002
2003 2004 2005 2006
Medico-legal services for sexual violence
Year
Mental health services
2007
NO
YES
2008
YES
YES
2009
2010
DATA ON VIOLENCE
National prevalence surveys for non-fatal violence
Youth violence NO
Intimate partner violence NO
Sexual violence NO
Benin
Child maltreatment NO
Elder abuse NO
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
VA
ILA
BL
Afghanistan
2011
VICTIM LAWS
Parenting education
YES
YES
1.4
Unknown 29%
Ban on corporal
punishment (all settings)
YESSharp
(YES)force 12%
1.2
Youth violence laws
Youth violence
prevention programmes
1
Blunt force 2%
Against weapons on school premises
YES
YES
Pre-school0.8enrichment
YES
Against gang or criminal group membership
YES Strangulation 2%
Life skills0.6and social development training
Mentoring
YES
Burn 5%
0.4
After-school supervision
YES
0.2
School anti-bullying
YES
Other 40%
0
Intimate partner violence laws
Intimate partner
violence
prevention
programmes
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Against rape in marriage
YES
YES
Dating violence prevention in schools Year
3% Other 3% YES
Unknown
YES
Against non-contact sexual
violence
Social and45cultural norms change
Blunt force 7%
Elder abuse laws
Elder abuse
40 prevention programmes
35 awareness campaigns
Against elder abuse
NO
Professional
NO
30
Against
elder
abuse
in
institutions
NO
Public
information
campaigns
NO
Firearm 67%
20
Residential
care policies
NO
15
TA
OT
AN
LE
ILAB
AVA
DA
TA
NO
DAT
Bhutan
1
Albania
Subnational.
Other 6%
Part VIII Country profiles
Strangulation 1%
pulation
Burn 1%
7
6
99
Strangulation 3%
BHUTAN
4
2
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Belgium
1.2
Alcohol 1
Adult (15+)
0.8per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
Patterns of
0.6drinking score
Excise taxes
Beer: NO
Wine: YES
0.4
0
18 / 18
YES
YES
NO
YES (YES)
YES
YES
Firearm 67%
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Full KEY No response/ dont know Once/few
times Larger scale
Implementation
Enforcement Child maltreatment prevention programmes
Home visiting
NO
YES
Parenting education
YES
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
YES
YES
2009
2010
2011
VICTIM SERVICES
NO
YES
YES
YES
DATA ON VIOLENCE
National prevalence surveys for non-fatal violence
Youth violence NO
Intimate partner violence NO
Sexual violence NO
Child maltreatment NO
Bhutan
Afghanistan
Elder abuse NO
Trends in homicides
VA
ILA
BL
Mechanism of homicide
TA
OT
AN
LE
ILAB
AVA
DA
TA
NO
DAT
Bolivia
Albania
Other 6%
Burn 1%
Strangulation 1%
Firearm 9%
Sharp force 7%
Blunt force 2%
Strangulation 1%
pulation
pulation
100
45
8
40
7
35
6
30
Data collection by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Home and Cultural Affairs.
VICTIM LAWS
45
40
Youth violence
prevention programmes
35
Pre-school30enrichment
YES
Life skills 25
and social development training
YES
Mentoring20
YES
15 supervision
After-school
YES
10
School anti-bullying
YES
5
Intimate partner violence prevention programmes
0
2001 prevention
2002 2003 in
2004
2005 2006 2007 YES
2008
Dating violence
schools
Microfinance and gender equity trainingYear
Partial
0.7
Spirits: YES
0.2
NO
Strangulation 2%
Burn 5%
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Belize
National
action plans
Interpersonal violence YES
Child maltreatment
YES
3% partner violence
Unknown
Youth violence
YES1 3% Other
Intimate
YES
Sexual violence
Elder abuse
YES
Blunt forceYES
7%
Firearms
Laws to regulate civilian access
YES
Sharp force 20%
Mandatory background check
YES
Firearm 67%
Handguns/long guns/ automatic weapons
YES/YES/NO
Carrying firearms in public
YES
Programmes to reduce civilian firearm possession and use
NO
40
Alcohol 35
Adult (15+)30 per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
Patterns of25 drinking score
LEAST RISKY
20
Excise taxes
Beer:
YES
Wine: YES
15
10
5
0
2001
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Parenting education
YES
YES
NO
YES
2002
5.9
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
VICTIM LAWS
VICTIM SERVICES
NO
YES
NO
YES
YES
YES
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment NO
Bolivia
Mechanism of homicide
Blunt force 2%
Strangulation 1%
Burn 1%
Other 10%
Firearm 9%
Sharp force 7%
Unknown 70%
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Elder abuse NO
Source: Police
Botswana
Subnational.
lation
20
18
16
101
Data collection by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Government, Under-Secretary of Citizen Security.
NO
NO
Firearm 67%
Rate per 10
20
15
10
5
0
2001
BOTSWANA
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Benin
2002
Income inequality:
NO
NO
8.4
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
YES
NO
Parenting education
YES
Training to recognise / avoid sexually
YES
NO
abusive situations
NO ()
YES
YES
Life skills and social development training
Mentoring
YES
After-school supervision
YES
School anti-bullying
YES
Bolivia
Against
contact sexual violence without rape YES
YES
Physical environment changes
Firearm 9%
Elder abuse laws
Elder abuse
Sharp force 7%
45 prevention programmes
Against elder abuse
YES
YES
40 awareness campaigns
Professional
Blunt force 2%
35
Against elder abuse in institutions
NO
Public information
campaigns
YES
Strangulation 1%
Caregiver 30support
YES
Burn 1%
25
Residential
care policies
NO
Unknown 70%
Providing for victim compensation
Providing for victim legal representation
NO
YES
20
VICTIM SERVICES
15
Other 10%
10
Adult protective
services
5
Child protection
services
0
Medico-legal
for sexual
2001services
2002 2003
2004 violence
2005 2006
Mental health services
Year
2007
YES
YES
YES
2008
YES
2009
2010
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment NO
Botswana
Afghanistan
E
VA
ILA
BL
TA
NO
TA
Elder abuse NO
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
DA
2011
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
2001
OT
AN
LE
ILAB
AVA
DAT
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
102
Other 6%
Burn 1%
Strangulation 1%
pulation
opulation
Source: Police
Brazil
Albania
Subnational.
29.5
8
29
7
28.5
6
VICTIM LAWS
BRAZIL
Population: 198 656 019
Bhutan
YES
YES
8.7
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
YES
NO
Parenting education
YES
Training to recognise / avoid sexually
Firearm
YES 9%
YES
abusive situations
Sharp force 7%
45
(NO)
40
Blunt force 2%
Youth violence
prevention programmes
35
Strangulation
1%
YES
YES
Pre-school30enrichment
Burn 1%
NO
Life skills 25
and social development training
YES
Mentoring20
NO
Other 10%
15
After-school supervision
NO
10
School anti-bullying
YES
5
Intimate partner violence laws
Intimate partner
violence prevention programmes
0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Against rape in marriage
YES
prevention in schools
YES
Dating violence
Year
Allowing removal of violent spouse from home YES
YES
Microfinance and gender equity training
YES
Against non-contact sexual violence
YES
Social and cultural norms change
20 prevention programmes
Elder abuse laws
Elder abuse
18
Against elder abuse
YES
awareness campaigns
YES
Professional
16
campaigns
YES
Against elder abuse in institutions
YES
Public information
14
Caregiver 12support
YES
10 care policies
Residential
YES
VICTIM SERVICES
6
YES
YES
4
Adult protective
services
2
Child protection
services
0
2001services
2002 2003
2004 violence
2005 2006
Medico-legal
for sexual
Year
Mental health services
2007
YES
YES
2008
YES
YES
2009
2010
DATA ON VIOLENCE
National prevalence surveys for non-fatal violence
Youth violence YES
Intimate partner violence YES
Sexual violence YES
Brazil
Child maltreatment YES
Afghanistan
2011
VICTIM LAWS
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Rate per 100 000 population
DA
TA
NO
TA
VA
ILA
BL
29.5
29
28.5
28
27.5
27
OT
AN
26.5
LE
ILAB
AVA
DAT
26
25.5
25
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Brunei
Albania
Other 6%
Part VIII Country profiles
Burn 1%
Strangulation 1%
pulation
population
0.8
8
0.7
7
0.6
6
0.5
103
BRUNEI DARUSSALAM
Population: 412 238
Income inequality:
40
35
Alcohol 30
Adult (15+)25per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
Patterns of20drinking score
Excise taxes
Beer: YES
Wine: YES
15
10
5
0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Bolivia
15 / 15
NO
YES
NO
NO ()
YES
NO
YES
YES
YES
YES
NO
0.9
Spirits: YES
2010
2011
Year times
Full KEY No response/ dont know Once/few
Larger scale
Implementation
Enforcement Child maltreatment prevention programmes
Home visiting
NO
Parenting education
NO
NO
20
18
Youth violence
prevention programmes
enrichment
NO
Pre-school16
14
Life skills 12
and social development training
YES
Mentoring10
YES
8 supervision
After-school
NO
6
School anti-bullying
YES
4
Intimate partner
violence prevention programmes
2
0
Dating violence
prevention
in schools
NO
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
NO
NO
Professional
29
Public information
campaigns
NO
28.5
Caregiver28support
NO
Partial
NO
NO
27
VICTIM SERVICES
NO
NO
26.5
Adult protective
services
26
Child protection
services
25.5
Medico-legal
25 services for sexual violence
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Mental health
services
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment NO
Brunei
2007
Year
NO
YES
YES
2008
YES
2009
2010
2011
Elder abuse NO
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
2001
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
2002
Source: Police
Bulgaria
Other 11%
Burn 1%
Strangulation 9%
Firearm 17%
pulation
104
2.5
VICTIM LAWS
Unknown 70%
Other 10%
BULGARIA
20
15
10
5
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
YES
NO
YES
YES
YES
YES
NO
VICTIM LAWS
2003
2004
2005
Bulgaria
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
29.5
Youth violence
prevention programmes
29
Pre-school
enrichment
YES
28.5
Life skills 28and social development training
YES
27.5
Mentoring
NO
27 supervision
After-school
YES
26.5
School anti-bullying
YES
26
Intimate25.5
partner violence prevention programmes
Dating violence
prevention in schools
NO
25
2001and
2002
2003 equity
2004 training
2005 2006 2007 2008
Microfinance
gender
YES
Year
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Sexual violence prevention programmes
School and college programmes
YES
Physical environment changes
NO
Social and cultural norms change
NO
Elder abuse prevention programmes
0.8 awareness campaigns
Professional
YES
0.7
Public information
campaigns
YES
Caregiver0.6support
YES
0.5 care policies
Residential
YES
2009
2010
2011
YES
YES
0.4
0.3
Adult protective
services
0.2
Child protection
services
0.1
Medico-legal
services for sexual violence
0
2001 services
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Mental health
2007
Year
YES
YES
YES
2008
YES
VICTIM SERVICES
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment YES
2006
YES
Parenting education
YES
2009
2010
2011
Elder abuse
16 / 16
YES
YES
NO
YES (YES)
2002
11.4
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
Partial
YES
NO
18
Botswana
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Other 11%
Firearm 17%
Strangulation 9%
Burn 1%
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
2001
2002
2003
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
2004
Burkina Faso
Part VIII Country profiles
ulation
1.2
1
105
BURKINA FASO
Population: 16 460 141
Brazil
10
8
6
4
2
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
29
28.5
Alcohol 28
Adult (15+)
27.5 per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
Patterns of27 drinking score
LEAST RISKY
26.5
Excise taxes
Beer: YES
Wine: YES
26
25
NO Firearm 17%
NO
YES
NO
2008
2009
2010
0.8
0.7
Youth violence
prevention programmes
0.6enrichment
Pre-school
NO
Life skills0.5and social development training
NO
0.4
Mentoring
YES
0.3 supervision
After-school
NO
0.2
School anti-bullying
YES
0.1
Intimate partner
violence prevention programmes
0
Dating violence
prevention
schools
NO
2001 2002 2003 in
2004
2005 2006 2007 2008
Microfinance and gender equity trainingYear
YES
Social and cultural norms change
NO
Sexual violence prevention programmes
School and college programmes
YES
Physical environment changes
YES
Social and cultural norms change
NO
Elder abuse
prevention
programmes
3
Professional awareness campaigns
YES
2.5
Public information
campaigns
YES
2
Caregiver support
NO
Residential
NO
1.5 care policies
VICTIM SERVICES
1
2007
YES
YES
YES
2008
YES
2009
2010
Afghanistan
Burkina Faso
2011
2009
2010
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment NO
2011
2011
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Rate per 100 000 population
DA
TA
NO
TA
VA
ILA
BL
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.2
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Burundi
Albania
Subnational.
106
Other 6%
Unknown
14%
Burn 1%
Strangulation 1%
pulation
pulation
LE
ILAB
AVA
DAT
0.4
0
2001
OT
AN
88
77
66
YES
YES
NO
VICTIM
BluntLAWS
force 11%
Providing for victim compensation
Providing for victim legal representation
YES
YES
2007
20 / 17
YES
YES
YES
YES (YES)
2006
Year times
Full KEY No response/ dont know Once/few
Larger scale
Implementation
Enforcement Child maltreatment prevention programmes
Home visiting
NO
YES
Parenting education
Partial
6.8
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
25.5
NO
NO
BURUNDI
27
26.5
26
25.5
25
2001
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Brunei
2002
0.7
Alcohol 0.6
0.5
Adult (15+) per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
0.4
Patterns of drinking score
LEAST RISKY
0.3
Excise taxes
Beer: YES
Wine: YES
0.2
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
NO
YES
VICTIM LAWS
Providing for victim compensation
Providing for victim legal representation
2008
2009
2010
Youth violence
prevention programmes
2.5
Pre-school enrichment
NO
2
Life skills and social development training
NO
Mentoring1.5
NO
After-school
NO
1 supervision
School anti-bullying
YES
0.5
Intimate partner violence prevention programmes
0
Dating violence
schools
NO
2001 prevention
2002 2003 in
2004
2005 2006 2007 2008
Microfinance and gender equity trainingYear
YES
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Sexual violence prevention programmes
School and college programmes
YES
Physical environment changes
NO
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Elder abuse
1.2 prevention programmes
Professional awareness campaigns
NO
1
Public information campaigns
NO
Caregiver0.8support
NO
Residential
NO
0.6 care policies
VICTIM 0.4
SERVICES
2007
NO
YES
YES
2008
YES
2009
2010
Child maltreatment NO
2011
2009
2010
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Burundi
2011
2011
Elder abuse NO
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Unknown 14%
Other 19%
Firearm 41%
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
2001
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
2002
Source: Police
Cambodia
Strangulation 2%
Firearm 14%
pulation
Other 4%
4.5
4
3.5
107
Data collection by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Public Health and AIDS Control.
Firearm 17%
YES
YES
2007
21 / 18
YES
YES
YES
YES (NO)
2006
Year
Full KEY No response/ dont know Once/few
times Larger scale
Implementation
Enforcement Child maltreatment prevention programmes
Home visiting
NO
NO
Parenting education
Training to recognise / avoid sexually
NO
abusive situations
Partial
9.3
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
0.1
NO
NO
CAMBODIA
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
2.5
Alcohol
Adult (15+)2 per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
1.5 drinking score
Patterns of
LEAST RISKY
Excise taxes
Beer:
YES
Wine: YES
1
Partial
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
Other 19%
Firearm 41%
VICTIM LAWS
NO
YES
YES
YES
2007
YES
YES
YES
2008
YES
2009
2010
2011
2010
2011
2009
Year
Elder abuse NO
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Firearm 14%
Strangulation 2%
Sharp force 37%
Blunt force 42%
Other 4%
Burn 1%
2008
Adult protective
services
2
Child protection
services
1
Medico-legal
services for sexual violence
0
2001 services
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Mental health
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Cambodia
2007
4
VICTIM SERVICES
Child maltreatment NO
2006
Year times
Full KEY No response/ dont know Once/few
Larger scale
Implementation
Enforcement Child maltreatment prevention programmes
Home visiting
NO
YES
Parenting education
1.2
Youth violence prevention programmes
1
NO
Pre-school enrichment
0.8
NO
After-school
supervision
YES
0.4
School anti-bullying
YES
0.2
Intimate partner
violence prevention programmes
0
prevention in schools
NO
Dating violence
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
NO
Professional
NO
Public information
campaigns
NO
6
Caregiver support
NO
18 / 18
YES
YES
YES
YES (NO)
5.5
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
0.5
0 TYPE OF VIOLENCE
LAWS AND PREVENTION PROGRAMMES BY
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
NO
NO
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Cameroon
108
Bulgaria
Rate per 1
1
0.5
CAMEROON
0
2001
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Alcohol
0.6 per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
Adult (15+)
Patterns of
drinking score
LEAST RISKY
0.4
Excise taxes
Beer: YES
Wine: YES
0.2
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
YES
YES
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
YES
Parenting education
YES
Firearm 41%
Intimate partner
violence
Sharp force
26% laws
Against rape in marriage
YES
Allowing removal of violent spouse from home NO
Blunt
force 42%
VICTIM
LAWS
7
Youth violence
prevention programmes
6
Pre-school enrichment
NO
5
Life skills and social development training
YES
4
Mentoring
YES
3
After-school
supervision
2
School anti-bullying
YES
1
Intimate partner
violence prevention programmes
0
2001 prevention
2002 2003 in
2004
2005 2006 2007 2008
Dating violence
schools
NO
Microfinance and gender equity trainingYear
NO
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Sexual violence prevention programmes
School and college programmes
YES
Physical environment changes
YES
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Elder abuse
prevention
programmes
4.5
4 awareness campaigns
Professional
YES
3.5
Public information
campaigns
YES
3
Caregiver support
NO
2.5
Residential2 care policies
YES
2009
2010
2011
VICTIM 1.5
SERVICES
NO
YES
1
Adult protective
services
0.5
Child protection services
0
Medico-legal
for sexual
2001services
2002 2003
2004 violence
2005 2006
Mental health services
2007
YES
YES
2008
YES
2009
2010
DATA ON VIOLENCE
National prevalence surveys for non-fatal violence
Youth violence YES
Intimate partner violence YES
Sexual violence YES
2011
Data collection by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Public Health.
18 / 18
YES
YES
NO
YES (NO)
2007
8.4
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
Partial
2006
NO
NO
0.8
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
YEAR
VA
ILA
BL
Cameroon
Afghanistan
2011
Year
Burkina Faso
2002
TA
NO
TA
2006
DA
2007
OT
AN
LE
ILAB
AVA
5.4
2.3
Source: Police
Unknown 4%
Other
1%
Other
Part VIII Country profiles6%
Burn
1%
Burn 3%
Strangulation 1%
Firearm 35%
pulation
population
Canada
Albania
2
1.8
8
1.6
7
1.4
6
109
CANADA
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Burundi
YES
NO
Alcohol 6
Adult (15+)5 per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
Patterns of4 drinking score
LEAST RISKY
3
Excise taxes
Beer: YES
Wine: YES
10.2
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
2
1
0 TYPE OF VIOLENCE
LAWS AND PREVENTION PROGRAMMES BY
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Cambodia
Against
statutory rape
YES
Training to recognise / avoid sexually
Against female genital mutilation
YES
YES
abusive situations
4.5
Burn 1%
Youth violence laws
Youth violence
prevention programmes
4
1
AgainstStrangulation
weapons on2%
school premises
YES
YES
Pre-school3.5enrichment
3
Against gang or criminal group membership
YES Sharp force 37%
social development training
YES
Life skills and
Mentoring2.5
YES
2
After-school
supervision
YES
1
Intimate partner violence laws
Intimate partner
violence prevention programmes
0.5
0
Against rape in marriage
YES
prevention in schools
YES
Dating violence
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Allowing removal of violent spouse from home YES
NO
Against
contact
sexual
violence
without
rape
YES
Physical
environment
changes
YES
Cameroon
Against non-contact sexual violence
YES
YES
Social and cultural norms change
Caregiver support
YES
VICTIM SERVICES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment YES
Canada
Mechanism of homicide
Firearm 35%
Strangulation 8%
Sharp force 33%
Blunt force 16%
Unknown 4%
Other 1%
Burn 3%
2
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Sources. Mechanism: Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics/ Reported homicides: Police
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
China
Subnational.
ulation
110
2
1.8
1.6
Data collection by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Public Health Agency of Canada.
VICTIM LAWS
Other 19%
Firearm 41%
CHINA
3
2
1
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Alcohol 3.5
Adult (15+)3 per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
2.5
Patterns of2 drinking score
LEAST RISKY
Excise taxes
Beer:
YES
Wine: YES
1.5
1
0.5
0
2001
22 / 20
YES
YES
NO
YES (YES)
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
Firearm 35%
Strangulation 8%
VICTIM LAWS
Providing for victim compensation
force 16%
ProvidingBlunt
for victim
legal representation
YES
YES
2006
2007
2009
2010
2011
VICTIM 0.8
SERVICES
0.6
Adult protective
services
0.4
Child protection
services
0.2
Medico-legal
0 services for sexual violence
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Mental health
services
2007
Year
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment
2008
6.7
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
YES
Parenting education
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
2008
YES
2009
2010
2011
Elder abuse
Trends in homicides
DA
TA
NO
TA
VA
ILA
BL
Mechanism of homicide
2
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
2001
OT
AN
DAT
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
LE
ILAB
AVA
Colombia
Albania
Other 6%
Part VIII Country profiles
60
8
Firearm 78%
pulation
ulation
Burn 1%
Other 5%
Strangulation 1%
7
50
6
111
Data collection by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by National Health and Family Planning Commission.
Cambodia
Afghanistan
China
2006
COLOMBIA
Population: 47 704 427
Cameroon
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
YES
YES
6.2
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
YES
YES
Firearm 35%
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
VICTIM LAWS
1.8
Youth violence
prevention programmes
Pre-school1.6
enrichment
YES
1.4
Life skills1.2and social development training
YES
Mentoring1
YES
0.8 supervision
After-school
YES
0.6
School anti-bullying
YES
0.4
Intimate partner
violence prevention programmes
0.2
0
Dating violence
prevention in schools
YES
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Microfinance and gender equity trainingYear
YES
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Sexual violence prevention programmes
School and college programmes
YES
Physical environment changes
YES
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Elder abuse prevention programmes
2
Professional
YES
1.8 awareness campaigns
Public information
campaigns
YES
1.6
Caregiver1.4support
YES
1.2
Residential1 care policies
YES
2009
2010
YES
YES
0.6
Adult protective
services
0.4
Child protection
services
0.2
0 services for sexual violence
Medico-legal
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Mental health services
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment YES
2007
Year
NO
YES
YES
2008
YES
2011
VICTIM 0.8
SERVICES
Colombia
2009
2010
2011
Elder abuse
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Blunt force 1%
Firearm 78%
60
Other 5%
50
40
30
20
10
0
2001
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
2003
Source: Police
Cook Islands
112
Data collection by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by National Institute of Legal Medicine and Ministry of Health and Social Protection.
18 / 18
NO
NO
NO
YES (YES)
Parenting education
YES
YES
Strangulation 8%
Partial
COOK ISLANDS
Population: 20 523
Income inequality:
1.8
1.6
Alcohol 1.4
1.2 per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
Adult (15+)
Patterns of1 drinking score
LEAST RISKY
0.8
Excise taxes
Beer:
YES
Wine: YES
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Canada
6.4
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
2010
2011
Partial
Year times
Full KEY No response/ dont know Once/few
Larger scale
Implementation
Enforcement Child maltreatment prevention programmes
/
Home visiting
YES
NO
Parenting education
YES
YES
Training to recognise / avoid sexually
abusive situations
NO
YES
NO ()
2
1.8
Youth violence
prevention programmes
1.6
NO
Pre-school1.4enrichment
NO
YES
NO
0.8
After-school
supervision
NO
0.6
School anti-bullying
YES
0.4
0.2
Intimate partner violence laws
Intimate partner
violence prevention programmes
0
Against rape in marriage
Dating violence
prevention
schools
NO 2009 2010 2011
2001 2002 2003 in
2004
2005 2006 2007 2008
Allowing removal of violent spouse from home
Against
contact sexual violence without rape YES
Physical environment changes
YES
Against non-contact sexual violence
YES
Social and cultural norms change
Other
5%
50
Against elder abuse in institutions
NO
Public information
campaigns
NO
Firearm 78%
Caregiver 40support
YES
Blunt force 1%
Residential care policies
NO
30
VICTIM SERVICES
NO
NO
20
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment NO
Afghanistan
Cook Islands
2007
Year
YES
YES
YES
2008
YES
2009
2010
2011
Elder abuse NO
VICTIM LAWS
NO
NO
Trends in homicides
VA
ILA
BL
Mechanism of homicide
OT
AN
LE
ILAB
AVA
DA
TA
NO
DAT
Costa Rica
Albania
Other 4%
Burn 1%
Strangulation 1%
14
8
pulation
Other 6%
Part VIII Strangulation
Country profiles
5%
12
7
6
10
113
COSTA RICA
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
1.8
Alcohol 1.6
1.4
Adult (15+)
1.2 per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
Patterns of1 drinking score
LEAST RISKY
0.8
Excise taxes
Beer: YES
Wine: YES
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
2001
15 / 15
YES
YES
NO
YES (YES)
YES
YES
Firearm 78%
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
NO
YES
VICTIM LAWS
2007
2008
2009
2010
60
2009
2010
VICTIM SERVICES
NO
YES
YES
YES
Child maltreatment
2011
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Costa Rica
2011
Year times
Full KEY No response/ dont know Once/few
Larger scale
Implementation
Enforcement Child maltreatment prevention programmes
Home visiting
NO
YES
Parenting education
YES
forceviolence
16% laws
IntimateSharp
partner
Against rape in marriage
YES
Allowing removal of violent spouse from home YES
2006
5.4
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
YES
NO
Elder abuse
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Other 4%
Blunt force 9%
Firearm 63%
Sharp force 19%
14
Strangulation 5%
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
2001
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
2002
Source: Judiciary
Croatia
Other 18%
2.5
Firearm 24%
ulation
114
China
CROATIA
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
50
Alcohol
40
Adult (15+) per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
Patterns of30 drinking score
LEAST RISKY
Excise taxes
Beer:
YES
Wine: NO
20
16 / 16
YES
YES
YES
YES (YES)
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
Blunt force 9%
Firearm 63%
VICTIM LAWS
force compensation
19%
ProvidingSharp
for victim
2007
YES
YES
4
Adult protective
services
Child protection
services
2
Medico-legal
0 services for sexual violence
2001 services
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Mental health
2007
Year
2011
YES
YES
YES
2008
YES
2009
2010
2011
Elder abuse NO
Strangulation 6%
Sharp force 38%
2.5
Firearm 24%
Burn 2%
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
2010
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
2009
6
VICTIM SERVICES
Other 18%
2008
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment YES
2006
Year times
Full KEY No response/ dont know Once/few
Larger scale
Implementation
Enforcement Child maltreatment prevention programmes
Home visiting
YES
YES
Parenting education
Partial
12.2
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
10
0 TYPE OF VIOLENCE
LAWS AND PREVENTION PROGRAMMES BY
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
NO
NO
Cuba
Part VIII Country profiles
ulation
Firearm 6%
Unknown 3%
6
5
115
Data collection by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by National Institute of Public Health.
Colombia
Croatia
2006
CUBA
20
10
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Income inequality:
Cook
Islands
National
action
plans
Interpersonal violence YES
Child maltreatment
YES
Youth violence
YES
Intimate partner violence
YES
Sexual violence
YES
Elder abuse
YES
Firearms
Laws to regulate civilian access
YES
Blunt force 100%
Mandatory background check
YES
Handguns/long guns/ automatic weapons
YES/YES/YES
Carrying firearms in public
YES
Programmes to reduce civilian firearm possession and use
YES
YES
YES
5.2
MOST RISKY
Spirits:
YES
YES
Firearm 63%
YES
YES
YES
Burn 2%
Strangulation 6%
VICTIM LAWS
14
Youth violence
prevention programmes
12
Pre-school10enrichment
YES
Life skills and
social
development
training
YES
8
Mentoring6
YES
After-school supervision
YES
4
School anti-bullying
NO
2
Intimate partner violence prevention programmes
0
Dating violence
schools
2001 prevention
2002 2003 in
2004
2005 2006 2007 YES
2008
Microfinance and gender equity trainingYear
YES
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Sexual violence prevention programmes
School and college programmes
YES
Physical environment changes
YES
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Elder abuse
prevention
programmes
2.5
Professional awareness campaigns
YES
2
Public information
campaigns
YES
Caregiver1.5support
YES
Residential care policies
YES
2009
2010
1
VICTIM SERVICES
YES
Adult protective
services
0.5
Child protection services
0 services for sexual violence
Medico-legal
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Mental health services
Year
2007
YES
YES
YES
2008
YES
2009
2010
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment NO
Cuba
2011
Burn 1%
Strangulation 6%
Blunt force 11%
Other 5%
Elder abuse NO
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Firearm 6%
Unknown 3%
2011
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Cyprus
Unknown 11%
2.5
Firearm 34%
pulation
116
Data collection by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Public Health,
18 / 18
YES
YES
YES
YES (YES)
YES
Parenting education
Partial
CYPRUS
Population: 1 128 994
12
Alcohol 10
Adult (15+)8 per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
Patterns of drinking score
LEAST RISKY
6
Excise taxes
Beer: YES
Wine: NO
4
YES
YES
Firearm 24%
Strangulation 6%
Blunt
force violence
12%
Intimate
partner
laws
Against rape in marriage
YES
Allowing removal of violent spouse from home YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
Other 5%
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Burn 1%
VICTIM LAWS
2.5
18 / 18
YES
YES
YES
YES (YES)
2006
YES
Parenting education
Partial
9.2
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
0 TYPE OF VIOLENCE
LAWS AND PREVENTION PROGRAMMES BY
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
YES
NO
2009
2010
2011
3
VICTIM SERVICES
Providing
for victim6%
compensation
Strangulation
ProvidingBlunt
for victim
legal representation
force 11%
NO
YES
2
Adult protective
services
1
Child protection
services
Medico-legal
0 services for sexual violence
2001 services
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Mental health
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment YES
2007
Year
2009
2010
2011
Elder abuse NO
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
2.5
Firearm 34%
Other 33%
Strangulation 22%
Unknown 11%
YES
YES
YES
2008
YES
Costa Rica
Cyprus
Income inequality:
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
2001
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
2002
Source: Police
Czech Republic
2.5
Strangulation 5%
Other 0.5%
ulation
117
CZECH REPUBLIC
Population: 10 660 051
4
2
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Alcohol
1.5 per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
Adult (15+)
Patterns of1 drinking score
LEAST RISKY
Excise taxes
Beer: YES
Wine: YES
0
YES
Strangulation 6%
Blunt force
11% laws
Intimate partner
violence
Against rape in marriage
YES
Allowing removal of violent spouse from home YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
2008
2009
2010
Firearm 34%
Other 33%
VICTIM LAWS
7
6
Youth violence
prevention programmes
Pre-school5enrichment
YES
Life skills and
social development training
YES
4
Mentoring3
YES
After-school
supervision
YES
2
School anti-bullying
YES
1
Intimate partner violence prevention programmes
0
Dating violence
schools
2001 prevention
2002 2003 in
2004
2005 2006 2007 YES
2008
Microfinance and gender equity trainingYear
YES
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Sexual violence prevention programmes
School and college programmes
YES
Physical environment changes
YES
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Elder abuse
prevention
programmes
2.5
Professional awareness campaigns
YES
2
Public information
campaigns
YES
Caregiver1.5support
YES
Residential care policies
YES
2009
2010
YES
YES
Strangulation 22%
Adult protective
services
0.5
Child protection services
0
Medico-legal
services for sexual violence
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Mental health services
Year
2007
YES
YES
YES
2008
YES
2009
2010
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment
2011
Elder abuse
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
2.5
Other 0.5%
Firearm 12%
Sharp force 14%
Strangulation 5%
2011
1
VICTIM SERVICES
2011
YES
Parenting education
Burn 1%
2007
Year
18 / 18
YES
YES
YES
YES (NO)
2006
Partial
13
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
0.5
2001
2002OF2003
2004 2005
LAWS AND PREVENTION PROGRAMMES BY
TYPE
VIOLENCE
YES
NO
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
2001
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
2002
Source: Police
Dominica
118
Blunt force 33%
Firearm 17%
pulation
25
20
Croatia
Czech Republic
2011
Year
Rate per 1
1
0.5
0
DOMINICA
2001
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Population: 71 684
Cuba
2002
Income inequality:
Alcohol
4
Adult (15+) per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
3
Patterns of drinking score
LEAST RISKY
2
Excise taxes
Beer: YES
Wine: YES
7.1
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
1
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
YES
YES
Parenting education
YES
Training to recognise / avoid sexually
abusive situations
NO
YES
2.5
NO ()Firearm 34%
2
Youth violence
prevention programmes
YES
NO
Pre-school1.5enrichment
NO
Mentoring1
NO
After-school supervision
NO
0.5
School anti-bullying
YES
Strangulation 22%
Intimate partner violence laws
Intimate partner
violence prevention programmes
0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Against rape in marriage
NO
Year
Allowing removal of violent spouse from home YES
YES
Microfinance and gender equity training
Czech
YES
Against contact sexual violence without rape YES
Physical environment changes
YES
Against non-contact sexual violence
YES
Social and cultural norms change
2
Against elder abuse in institutions
NO
Caregiver1.5support
YES
VICTIM SERVICES
NO
NO
0.5
Adult protective
services
Child protection services
0
Medico-legal
for sexual
2001services
2002 2003
2004 violence
2005 2006
Year
Mental health services
2007
YES
YES
YES
2008
YES
2009
2010
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment NO
Dominica
2011
Elder abuse NO
VICTIM LAWS
NO
NO
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Firearm 17%
Sharp force 50%
25
20
15
10
5
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Source: Police
Dominican Republic
Other 1%
Blunt force 7%
30
population
3%
Part VIII Strangulation
Country profiles
25
20
119
Burn 1%
Strangulation 6%
Blunt force 11%
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
Population: 10 276 621
3
2
1
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Alcohol
Adult (15+)
1.5 per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
Patterns of drinking score
LEAST RISKY
1
Excise taxes
Beer: YES
Wine: YES
Strangulation 5%
YES
YES
Other 0.5%
Firearm 12%
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
Firearm 17%
VICTIM LAWS
Providing for victim compensation
Providing for victim legal representation
NO
YES
2009
2010
2011
2.5
VICTIM SERVICES
10
2007
Year
Dominican Republic
Mechanism of homicide
YES
YES
YES
2008
YES
2009
2010
2011
2009
2010
2011
Elder abuse NO
Trends in homicides
Other 1%
Blunt force 7%
Firearm 64%
Sharp force 25%
30
Strangulation 3%
25
20
15
10
5
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
2008
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment YES
2007
18 / 18
YES
YES
NO
YES (YES)
2006
Year times
Full KEY No response/ dont know Once/few
Larger scale
Implementation
Enforcement Child maltreatment prevention programmes
Home visiting
YES
YES
Parenting education
YES
Partial
6.9
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
0.5
22%
0 TYPE OF VIOLENCE
LAWS ANDStrangulation
PREVENTION
PROGRAMMES BY
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
NO
YES
Ecuador
Unknown 8%
ulation
120
20
18
16
Data collection by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Public Health.
Cyprus
ECUADOR
Other 33%
Strangulation 22%
1
0.5
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Alcohol 2
Adult (15+)
1.5 per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
Patterns of drinking score
LEAST RISKY
1
Excise taxes
Beer: YES
Wine: YES
NO Firearm 17%
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
Firearm 64%
VICTIM LAWS
Providing for victim compensation
force 25%
ProvidingSharp
for victim
legal representation
YES
YES
2010
2011
2009
2010
2011
15
10
2007
Year
NO
YES
YES
2008
YES
VICTIM SERVICES
2009
2010
2011
Trends in homicides
Unknown 8%
Other 2%
Firearm 63%
Blunt force 1%
Sharp force 21%
Mechanism of homicide
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
2009
25
Strangulation 5%
2008
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment YES
2007
16 / 16
YES
YES
NO
YES (YES)
2006
Year times
Full KEY No response/ dont know Once/few
Larger scale
Implementation
Enforcement Child maltreatment prevention programmes
Home visiting
NO
YES
Parenting education
YES
Partial
7.2
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
0.5
0 TYPE OF VIOLENCE
LAWS AND PREVENTION PROGRAMMES BY
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
NO
NO
Data collection by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Public Health.
Czech Republic
Ecuador
2006
ulation
Egypt
5
4.5
4
3.5
121
Firearm 12%
Sharp force 14%
EGYPT
1
0.5
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
20
Alcohol
Adult (15+)
15 per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
Patterns of drinking score
10
Excise taxes
Beer: YES
Wine: YES
YES
YES
Firearm 64%
Sharp force 25%
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
Strangulation 5%
Firearm 63%
VICTIM LAWS
force 1%
ProvidingBlunt
for victim
compensation
Providing for victim legal representation
Sharp force 21%
YES
YES
Egypt
2010
2011
2009
2010
2011
10
6
Adult protective
services
4
Child protection
services
2
Medico-legal
0 services for sexual violence
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Mental health
services
2007
Year
YES
YES
2008
NO
VICTIM SERVICES
8
2009
2010
2011
Elder abuse NO
Trends in homicides
Other 4%
Burn 1%
Strangulation 4%
Firearm 67%
Mechanism of homicide
5
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
2009
30
Blunt force 1%
2008
10
School anti-bullying
YES
5
Intimate partner
violence prevention programmes
0
Dating violence
prevention in schools
NO
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Microfinance and gender equity trainingYear
YES
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Sexual violence prevention programmes
School and college programmes
NO
Physical environment changes
YES
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Elder abuse prevention programmes
20
Professional
awareness campaigns
NO
18
Public information
campaigns
YES
16
Caregiver14support
YES
12
Residential
care policies
YES
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment NO
2007
18 / 18
YES
YES
YES
YES (NO)
2006
Year times
Full KEY No response/ dont know Once/few
Larger scale
Implementation
Enforcement Child maltreatment prevention programmes
Home visiting
YES
YES
Parenting education
Partial
0.4
Spirits: YES
0 TYPE OF VIOLENCE
LAWS AND PREVENTION PROGRAMMES BY
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
YES
El Salvador
Subnational.
Unknown 1%
Other 0.4%
Blunt force 6%
80
ulation
122
70
60
Data collection by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Health and Population.
Dominica
2006
EL SALVADOR
Population: 6 297 394
10
5
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Dominican
Republic
National
action plans
Interpersonal violence YES
Child maltreatment
YES
Other
1%
Youth violence
YES
Intimate partner violence
YES
Sexual violence
YES
Elder abuse
NO
Strangulation 3%
Firearms
Blunt forcecivilian
7% access
Laws to regulate
YES
Mandatory background check
YES
Firearm 64%
Handguns/long guns/ automatic weapons
YES/YES/YES
Carrying firearms in public
YES
Sharpto
force
25%civilian firearm possession and use
Programmes
reduce
YES1
Alcohol 25
20 per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
Adult (15+)
Patterns of
LEAST RISKY
15 drinking score
Excise taxes
Beer: YES
Wine: YES
10
Firearm 63%
Blunt force 1%
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
Strangulation 4%
BluntLAWS
force 1%
VICTIM
Firearm 67%
NO
YES
2003
2004
2005
El Salvador
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
20
Youth violence
prevention programmes
18
Pre-school16enrichment
YES
Life skills 14and social development training
YES
Mentoring12
YES
10
After-school
YES
8 supervision
6
School anti-bullying
YES
4
Intimate partner
violence prevention programmes
2
Dating violence
prevention in schools
YES
0
2001
2003equity
2004 training
2005 2006 2007 YES
2008
Microfinance
and2002
gender
Year
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Sexual violence prevention programmes
School and college programmes
YES
Physical environment changes
YES
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Elder abuse prevention programmes
5 awareness campaigns
Professional
YES
4.5
Public information
campaigns
NO
4
Caregiver3.5support
NO
Residential3 care policies
NO
VICTIM 2.5
SERVICES
2
Adult protective
services
1.5
1
Child protection
services
0.5
Medico-legal
services for sexual violence
0
2001services
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Mental health
2007
YES
YES
YES
2008
YES
2009
2010
2011
2009
2010
Year
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment NO
2006
2011
Elder abuse NO
YES
YES
Strangulation 5%
2002
18 / 18
YES
YES
YES
YES (YES)
2001
YES
Parenting education
Partial
3.2
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
YES
YES1
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Unknown 1%
Other 0.4%
Blunt force 6%
Firearm 70%
Sharp force 23%
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Estonia
Subnational.
18
16
14
123
Rate per 10
ESTONIA
5
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Income inequality: 36
16
Alcohol 14
12
Adult (15+)
10 per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
Patterns of8 drinking score
LEAST RISKY
6
Excise taxes
Beer: YES
Wine: YES
4
2
0
2001
2002OF2003
2004 2005
LAWS AND PREVENTION PROGRAMMES BY
TYPE
VIOLENCE
18 / 18
YES
YES
YES
YES (YES)
NO
YES
Firearm 67%
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
Firearm 70%
VICTIM LAWS
Sharp
Providing
for force
victim23%
compensation
Providing for victim legal representation
YES
YES
2006
2007
2008
2009
10.3
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
2010
5
4.5
Youth violence
prevention programmes
4
Pre-school3.5enrichment
YES
3
Life skills and
social development training
YES
2.5
Mentoring2
YES
After-school
YES
1.5 supervision
1
School anti-bullying
YES
0.5
Intimate partner
violence
prevention
programmes
0
2001 prevention
2002 2003 in
2004
2005 2006 2007 YES
2008
Dating violence
schools
Year
Microfinance and gender equity training
NO
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Sexual violence prevention programmes
School and college programmes
NO
Physical environment changes
NO
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Elder abuse
80 prevention programmes
Professional
NO
70 awareness campaigns
Public information
campaigns
NO
60
Caregiver50support
YES
Residential
40 care policies
2009
2010
Child maltreatment NO
2011
VICTIM SERVICES
30
20
Adult protective
services
10
Child protection
services
0
Medico-legal
for sexual
2001services
2002 2003
2004 violence
2005 2006
Mental health services
Year
2007
NO
YES
YES
2008
YES
2009
2010
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Estonia
2011
Year
YES
Parenting education
Blunt force 1%
Partial
NO
NO
2011
Elder abuse NO
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Fiji
Other 12%
opulation
4.5
124
4
3.5
3
Ecuador
10
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Alcohol 3.5
3
Adult (15+)
2.5 per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
Patterns of2 drinking score
LEAST RISKY
1.5
Excise taxes
Beer: YES
Wine: YES
1
0.5
0
18 / 18
YES
YES
NO
YES (NO)
YES
YES
Firearm 70%
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO Sharp force 44%
Firearm 6%
Burn 3%
VICTIM LAWS
ProvidingStrangulation
for victim compensation
6%
Providing for victim legal representation
2007
2008
2009
2010
80
70
Youth violence
prevention programmes
Pre-school60enrichment
20
School anti-bullying
YES
10
Intimate partner violence prevention programmes
0
Dating violence
schools
2001 prevention
2002 2003 in
2004
2005 2006 2007 NO
2008
Microfinance and gender equity trainingYear
YES
Social and cultural norms change
NO
Sexual violence prevention programmes
School and college programmes
YES
Physical environment changes
YES
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Elder abuse
prevention
programmes
18
Professional
YES
16 awareness campaigns
14
Public information
campaigns
YES
Caregiver12support
YES
10
Residential
care policies
NO
2009
2010
Fiji
2011
VICTIM SERVICES
6
4
Adult protective
services
2
Child protection
services
0
Medico-legal
services for sexual violence
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Mental health services
Year
2007
YES
YES
YES
2008
YES
2009
2010
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment
2011
Year
YES
Parenting education
YES
2006
3
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
Partial
YES
NO
2011
Elder abuse
Data collection by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Fiji Police Force.
Egypt
FIJI
8
6
4
2
0
Rate per 10
Blunt force 1%
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Other 12%
Sharp force 46%
Burn 19%
Strangulation 8%
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Source: Police
Finland
3
opulation
2.5
2
125
Rate per 10
Firearm 67%
Sharp force 23%
FINLAND
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
70
60
Alcohol 50
Adult (15+)
per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
40
Patterns of
drinking score
LEAST RISKY
30
Excise taxes
Beer:
YES
Wine: YES
20
0
Burn 3%
Blunt force 41%
Strangulation 6%
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
VICTIM LAWS
Burn 19%
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
18
16
Youth violence
prevention programmes
14
Pre-school12enrichment
YES
Life skills 10and social development training
YES
Mentoring8
YES
6 supervision
After-school
YES
4
School anti-bullying
YES
2
Intimate partner
violence prevention programmes
0
Dating violence
schools
2001 prevention
2002 2003 in
2004
2005 2006 2007 YES
2008
Microfinance and gender equity trainingYear
NO
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Sexual violence prevention programmes
School and college programmes
YES
Physical environment changes
NO
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Elder abuse
4.5 prevention programmes
4 awareness campaigns
Professional
NO
3.5
Public information
campaigns
YES
3
Caregiver support
YES
2.5
Residential care policies
YES
18 / 18
YES
YES
YES
YES (YES)
2006
YES
Parenting education
Partial
12.3
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
10
2001
2002 OF
2003
2004 2005
LAWS AND PREVENTION PROGRAMMES BY
TYPE
VIOLENCE
YES
NO
2009
2010
2011
VICTIM 1.5
SERVICES
YES
1
Adult protective
services
0.5
Child protection
services
0
Medico-legal
for sexual
2001services
2002 2003
2004 violence
2005 2006
Mental health services
Year
2007
YES
YES
YES
2008
YES
2009
2010
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment YES
Finland
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Firearm 15%
Strangulation 13%
2011
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Subnational.
126
Gabon
Data collection by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Social Affairs and Health.
El Salvador
Rate
20
10
0
2001
GABON
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
12
10
Alcohol 8
Adult (15+)6 per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
Patterns of4 drinking score
LEAST RISKY
2
Excise taxes
Beer: YES
Wine: YES
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
YES
YES
Strangulation 8%
Finland
Sexual
violence laws
Against rape
Against contact sexual violence without rape
Against non-contact
sexual violence
Firearm 15%
Elder abuse laws
Against elder abuse
Against elder abuse in institutions
Other 16%
YES
YES
NO
NO
NO
Burn 3%
VICTIM LAWS
Blunt force 7%
13%
Providing forStrangulation
victim compensation
Providing for victim legal representation
NO
YES
2008
2009
2010
2011
NO
Parenting education
Training to4.5recognise / avoid sexually
NO
4
abusive situations
Rate per 100 000 population
18 / 18
YES
YES
YES
YES (NO)
2007
3.5
3
Youth violence
prevention programmes
2.5
Pre-school2enrichment
NO
Life skills1.5and social development training
NO
Mentoring1
YES
After-school
NO
0.5 supervision
0
School anti-bullying
NO
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Intimate partner violence prevention programmes
Year
Dating violence prevention in schools
NO
Microfinance and gender equity training
NO
Social and cultural norms change
NO
Sexual violence prevention programmes
School and college programmes
NO
Physical environment changes
NO
3
Social and cultural norms change
NO
2.5 prevention programmes
Elder abuse
Professional
YES
2 awareness campaigns
Public information
campaigns
NO
1.5
Caregiver support
NO
Residential1 care policies
NO
2009
2010
2011
Burn 19%
Partial
2006
10.9
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
Year
NO
NO
VICTIM 0.5
SERVICES
0
Adult protective
services
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Child protection services
Year
Medico-legal services for sexual violence
Mental health services
2007
NO
2008
YES
YES
NO
2009
2010
2011
DATA ON VIOLENCE
National prevalence surveys for non-fatal violence
Youth violence YES
Intimate partner violence YES
Sexual violence YES
Elder abuse NO
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
VA
ILA
BL
Afghanistan
Gabon
TA
OT
AN
LE
ILAB
AVA
DA
TA
NO
DAT
Georgia
Albania
Subnational.
Other 6%
Part VIII Country profiles
Burn 1%
Strangulation 1%
pulation
0 000 population
10
9
8
87
76
5
6
127
Strangulation 6%
Burn 3%
GEORGIA
6
4
2
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
National
Fiji action plans
Interpersonal violence YES
Child maltreatment
YES
Youth violence
YES
Intimate partner violence
YES
Sexual violence
YES
Elder abuse
NO
Firearms Other 12%
Laws to regulate civilian access
YES
Sharp force 46%
Mandatory background check
YES
Handguns/long guns/ automatic weapons
YES/YES/YES
Burn 19%
Carrying firearms in public
YES
Programmes to reduce civilian firearm possession andBlunt
use force 15%
NO
Alcohol 3.5
Adult (15+)3 per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
2.5
Patterns of2 drinking score
LEAST RISKY
Excise taxes
Beer:
YES
Wine: YES
1.5
1
Partial
16 / 16
YES
YES
NO
YES (YES)
YES
YES
Other 16%
Burn 3%
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year times
Full KEY No response/ dont know Once/few
Larger scale
Implementation
Enforcement Child maltreatment prevention programmes
Home visiting
YES
NO
Parenting education
Training to recognise / avoid sexually
abusive situations
NO
YES
YES
NO
YES
NO
2009
2010
2011
VICTIM SERVICES
NO
YES
NO
YES
YES
NO
DATA ON VIOLENCE
National prevalence surveys for non-fatal violence
Youth violence NO
Intimate partner violence NO
Sexual violence NO
VA
ILA
BL
TA
NO
TA
DA
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
OT
AN
LE
ILAB
AVA
DAT
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Elder abuse NO
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Georgia
Afghanistan
Germany
Albania
Unknown
Other
6% 9%
Burn 1%
Other 18%
Strangulation
1%
Firearm 13%
1.4
8
pulation
ulation
128
7
1.2
6
Data collection by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by National Center for Disease Control and Public Health.
VICTIM LAWS
7.7
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
0.5
0 TYPE OF VIOLENCE
LAWS AND PREVENTION PROGRAMMES BY
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Strangulation 8%
YES
NO
Burn 19%
Blunt force 15%
GERMANY
Strangulation 8%
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2.5
Alcohol
2
Adult (15+) per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
1.5
Patterns of
drinking score
LEAST RISKY
Excise taxes
Beer: YES
Wine: YES
1
Partial
18 / 18
YES
YES
YES
YES (YES)
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year times
Full KEY No response/ dont know Once/few
Larger scale
Implementation
Enforcement Child maltreatment prevention programmes
Home visiting
YES
YES
Parenting education
YES
YES
11.8
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
0.5
0
LAWS AND PREVENTION PROGRAMMES BY
TYPE
VIOLENCE
2001
2002OF2003
2004 2005
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
VICTIM LAWS
4
VICTIM SERVICES
YES
YES
3
Adult protective
services
2
Child protection
services
1
0 services for sexual violence
Medico-legal
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Mental health services
Year
2007
YES
YES
YES
2008
YES
2009
2010
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment NO
Germany
Other 18%
Burn 1%
Sharp force 38%
1.4
Firearm 13%
Strangulation 13%
Blunt force 8%
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Elder abuse NO
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Unknown 9%
2011
Data collection by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Federal Ministry of Health.
Strangulation 13%
Finland
Ghana
Subnational.
Other 3%
Strangulation 8%
Unknown 4%
2.5
ulation
2011
Year
129
Other 16%
Burn 3%
GHANA
Blunt force 7%
Strangulation 13%
1.5
1
0.5
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
NO
4.8
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
YES
YES
Parenting education
YES
Training to recognise / avoid sexually
YES
YES
abusive situations
NO ()
10
Youth violence
prevention programmes
9
YES
NO
Pre-school8enrichment
7
NO
6
Mentoring5
YES
After-school
YES
4 supervision
3
School anti-bullying
YES
2
Intimate partner violence laws
Intimate partner
violence
prevention
programmes
1
Against rape in marriage
NO
Dating violence
prevention in schools
YES
0
2003equity
2004 training
2005 2006 2007 NO
2008 2009 2010 2011
gender
Allowing removal of violent spouse from home YES
Microfinance2001and2002
Year
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Against
contact sexual violence without rape YES
YES
Physical environment changes
Germany
YES
Against non-contact sexual violence
YES
Social and cultural norms change
Firearm 13%
1.2
Against elder
abuse
in
institutions
NO
Public
information
campaigns
YES
Other 18%
Caregiver support
YES
1
Residential
NO
NO
YES
VICTIM 0.6
SERVICES
Blunt force 8%
Adult protective
services
0.4
Child protection
services
0.2
Medico-legal
services for sexual violence
0
Mental health
2001 services
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment YES
Ghana
2010
2011
Elder abuse
Trends in homicides
Unknown 4%
Strangulation 8%
Firearm 51%
Blunt force 11%
Sharp force 18%
2.5
Burn 5%
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
2009
Year
Mechanism of homicide
Other 3%
2007
YES
YES
YES
YES
2008
Source: Police
Guatemala
lation
130
50
45
40
Data collection by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ghana Police Service.
1%
VICTIM Burn
LAWS
GUATEMALA
Population: 15 082 831
Georgia
3.8
MOST RISKY
Spirits: NO
2010
2011
Year
NO
Parenting education
YES
YES
Training to recognise / avoid sexually
abusive situations
NO
YES
NO
()
1.4
Firearm 13%
Youth violence
prevention programmes
1.2
YES
YES
Pre-school1enrichment
YES
YES
Life skills0.8and social development training
Burn 1%
Mentoring0.6
NO
0.4
Strangulation 13%
School anti-bullying
YES
0.2
Intimate partner violence laws
Intimate partner violence prevention programmes
0
Blunt
force 8%
Against rape in
marriage
YES
schools
NO 2009 2010 2011
Dating violence
2001 prevention
2002 2003 in
2004
2005 2006 2007 2008
YES
Allowing removal of violent spouse from home YES
Microfinance and gender equity trainingYear
Ghana
YES
Against
contact sexual violence without rape YES
Physical environment changes
YES
Against non-contact sexual violence
YES
Social and cultural norms change
Other 3% Unknown 4%
Elder abuse laws
Elder abuse prevention programmes
2.5
Burn 5%
Against elder abuse
YES
NO
Against
elder
abuse
in
institutions
YES
Strangulation 8%
Caregiver support
NO
1.5
Firearm 51%
Residential care policies
NO
Blunt
force 11%
VICTIM
LAWS
YES1
NO
1
VICTIM SERVICES
NO
YES
Adult protective
services
0.5
Child protection services
0 services for sexual violence
Medico-legal
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Mental health services
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment NO
Other 15%
Firearm 82%
Strangulation 3%
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
2001
2009
2010
Elder abuse NO
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
2011
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide2
Rate per 100 000 population
Guatemala
2007
Year
NO
YES
YES
2008
YES
Source: Police
Guinea
Subnational.
Blunt and sharp force were reported as one category, and are included in "other".
Other 3%
131
Firearm 32%
Data collection by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Public Health and Social Assistance.
GUINEA
5
4
3
2
1
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
0.7
Spirits: YES
0.4
0.2
Blunt force 8%
YES1
NO
1.4
Germany
National
action plans
Interpersonal violence YES
Child maltreatment
YES
Youth violence
YES 9%
Intimate partner violence
YES
Unknown
Sexual violence
YES
Elder abuseFirearm 13%
YES
Firearms Other 18%
Laws to regulate civilian access
YES
Mandatory background check
YES
Burn 1%
Handguns/long guns/ automatic weapons
YES/YES/YES
Sharp force 38%
Carrying
firearms 13%
in public
YES
Strangulation
Programmes to reduce civilian firearm possession and use
YES
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2007
NO
YES
YES
NO
2008
2009
2010
2011
Firearm 82%
NO
YES
25
VICTIM SERVICES
20
Adult protective
services
15
Child protection
services
10
5 services for sexual violence
Medico-legal
0
Mental health
2001 services
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Afghanistan
Guinea
2009
2010
2011
Year
Child maltreatment NO
Elder abuse NO
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Firearm 32%
VA
ILA
BL
Other 3%
TA
LE
ILAB
AVA
TA
NO
DAT
DA
OT
AN
Albania
Guyana
Subnational.
132
Other 6%
Burn 1%
Unknown 19%
Strangulation 1%
Firearm 19%
pulation
ation
8
30
7
25
6
VICTIM LAWS
Parenting education
Against
statutory
rape
YES
Training
to
recognise
/
avoid
sexually
Ghana
Against female genital mutilation
YES
NO
abusive situations
Ban on corporal punishment
Pre-school2enrichment
Strangulation
8% group membership
NO
Against
gang or criminal
YES
Life skills and social development training
Mentoring1.5
NO
Firearm 51%
After-school supervision
NO
0.5
Intimate partner violence laws
Intimate partner
violence prevention programmes
Sharp
force 18%
Against rape
in marriage
YES
prevention in schools
YES
Dating violence
0
Allowing removal of violent spouse from home NO
Microfinance
gender
NO 2009 2010 2011
2001and
2002
2003 equity
2004 training
2005 2006 2007 2008
Year
Social and cultural norms change
NO
Guatemala
NO
Professional
YES
50 awareness campaigns
45
Against elder abuse in institutions
NO
Public information
campaigns
NO
Caregiver 40support
NO
35
Other 15%
Residential
NO
30 care policies
Burn 1%
Sharp force 38%
Strangulation 13%
GUYANA
0.6
0.4
0.2
Blunt force 8%
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Ghana
Alcohol
1.5 per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
Adult (15+)
Patterns of drinking score
LEAST RISKY
1
Excise taxes
Beer: YES
Wine: YES
8.1
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
0.5
0
LAWS AND PREVENTION PROGRAMMES BY
VIOLENCE
2001TYPE
2002 OF
2003
2004 2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Partial
Year times
Full KEY No response/ dont know Once/few
Larger scale
Implementation
Enforcement Child maltreatment prevention programmes
16 / 16
Home visiting
YES
YES
YES
Parenting education
YES
Training to recognise / avoid sexually
abusive situations
NO
YES
NO ()
50
45
Youth violence
prevention programmes
40
NO
Pre-school35enrichment
NO
YES
YES
Life skills 30and social development training
Firearm 82%
Mentoring25
YES
20
After-school
supervision
YES
15
School anti-bullying
NO
Strangulation 3%
10
5
Intimate partner violence laws
Intimate partner
violence prevention programmes
0
Against rape in marriage
YES
prevention in schools
NO
Dating violence
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
YES
Allowing removal of violent spouse from home YES
Microfinance and gender equity trainingYear
Against
contact sexual violence without rape YES
Physical environment changes
YES
Against non-contact sexual violence
YES
Social and cultural norms change
Other 3%
Elder abuse laws
Elder abuse prevention programmes
Against elder abuse
NO
Caregiver support
NO
VICTIM SERVICES
NO
NOSharp force 10%
NO
YES
NO
YES
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment NO
Unknown 19%
Firearm 19%
Other 7%
Burn 4%
Strangulation 2%
Blunt force 9%
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Elder abuse NO
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Rate per 100 000 population
Guyana
Source: Police
Honduras
Part VIII Country profiles
Other 1%
90
ulation
Unknown 0.4%
80
70
133
Data collection by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Labour, Human Services and Social Security.
NO
NO
HONDURAS
Sharp force 18%
0.5
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2011
45
40
Alcohol 35
Adult (15+)30 per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
Patterns of25 drinking score
LEAST RISKY
20
Excise taxes
Beer:
YES
Wine: YES
15
10
5
0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
NO Firearm 32%
YES
NO
YES
4
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
2010
2011
Year times
Full KEY No response/ dont know Once/few
Larger scale
Implementation
Enforcement Child maltreatment prevention programmes
Home visiting
YES
Parenting education
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
Other 7%
VICTIM SERVICES
Providing
for victim 2%
compensation
Strangulation
Providing for victim legal representation
Blunt force 9%
10
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment YES
2007
Year
NO
YES
YES
2008
YES
2009
2010
2011
Elder abuse NO
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Other 1%
Strangulation 3%
Blunt force 3%
Firearm 83%
90
Unknown 0.4%
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
2001
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
2002
Source: Police
Iceland
134
ulation
0.16
0.14
0.12
Burn 4%
VICTIM LAWS
Honduras
2010
Year
Guatemala
Rate per 10
20
15
10
5
0
2001
Strangulation 3%
ICELAND
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Guinea
Income inequality:
NO
NO
7.1
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
YES
Parenting education
YES
YES
NO
Burn 4%
Strangulation 2%
Blunt force
9% laws
Intimate partner
violence
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
Strangulation 3%
Blunt force 3%
Firearm 83%
VICTIM LAWS
30
25
Youth violence
prevention programmes
Pre-school20enrichment
YES
Life skills 15and social development training
YES
Mentoring
YES
10
After-school
supervision
YES
5
School anti-bullying
YES
Intimate partner
violence
prevention
programmes
0
2001 prevention
2002 2003 in
2004
2005 2006 2007 YES
2008
Dating violence
schools
Year
Microfinance and gender equity training
NO
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Sexual violence prevention programmes
School and college programmes
YES
Physical environment changes
NO
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Elder abuse
90 prevention programmes
80 awareness campaigns
Professional
70
Public information
campaigns
YES
Caregiver60support
YES
50
Residential
care policies
YES
40
2009
2010
VICTIM SERVICES
30
YES
YES
20
Adult protective
services
10
Child protection
services
0
Medico-legal
for sexual
2001services
2002 2003
2004 violence
2005 2006
Mental health services
Year
2007
NO
YES
YES
2008
YES
2009
2010
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment YES1
Iceland
2011
2011
18 / 18
YES
YES
YES
YES (YES) 19%
Firearm
Partial
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
0.16
0.14
0.12
0.1
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
India
Subnational.
opulation
Source: Police
3.5
3
135
INDIA
Population: 1 236 686 732
25
Alcohol 20
Adult (15+) per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
15
Patterns of drinking score
LEAST RISKY
10
Excise taxes
Beer: YES
Wine: YES
0
YES
YES Firearm 83%
YES
YES
YES
YES
NO
YES
YES
VICTIM LAWS
2009
2010
2011
90
2009
2010
2011
0.04
Adult protective
services
0.02
Child protection
services
0 services for sexual violence
Medico-legal
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Mental health services
2007
Year
YES
YES
YES
2008
YES
VICTIM0.06
SERVICES
Child maltreatment NO
2008
80
Youth violence
prevention programmes
Pre-school70enrichment
YES
Life skills 60and social development training
YES
50
Mentoring40
YES
After-school
YES
30 supervision
School anti-bullying
YES
20
10
Intimate partner
violence prevention programmes
0
Dating violence
prevention in schools
YES
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Microfinance and gender equity trainingYear
NO
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Sexual violence prevention programmes
School and college programmes
YES
Physical environment changes
YES
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Elder abuse prevention programmes
0.16
Professional
awareness campaigns
NO
0.14
Public information
campaigns
YES
0.12
Caregiver0.1support
YES
Residential
care policies
YES
0.08
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Afghanistan
India
2007
21 / 18
YES
YES
NO
YES (NO)
2006
Year times
Full KEY No response/ dont know Once/few
Larger scale
Implementation
Enforcement Child maltreatment prevention programmes
Home visiting
YES
YES
Parenting education
YES
Blunt force 3%
Partial
4.3
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
YES
NO
2009
2010
2011
Elder abuse NO
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
DA
TA
NO
TA
VA
ILA
BL
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
OT
AN
1.5
DAT
1
0.5
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
LE
ILAB
AVA
136
Other 6%
Burn 1%
Strangulation 1%
pulation
pulation
Albania
Indonesia
0.8
8
0.7
7
0.6
6
Data collection by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.
Guyana
Burn 4%
Strangulation 2%
Blunt force 9%
INDONESIA
10
5
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
80
Alcohol 70
60
Adult (15+)
per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
50
Patterns of
LEAST RISKY
40 drinking score
Excise taxes
Beer: YES
Wine: YES
30
10
YES
YES
YES
YES
NO
YES
NO
YES
YES
VICTIM LAWS
2008
2009
2010
2011
0.16
Youth violence
prevention programmes
0.14
0.12enrichment
Pre-school
YES
Life skills0.1
and social development training
YES
0.08
Mentoring
YES
0.06 supervision
After-school
NO
0.04
School anti-bullying
YES
Intimate0.02
partner violence prevention programmes
0
Dating violence
prevention in schools
YES
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Microfinance and gender equity trainingYear
NO
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Sexual violence prevention programmes
School and college programmes
YES
Physical environment changes
YES
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Elder abuse prevention programmes
4
Professional
awareness campaigns
YES
3.5
Public information
campaigns
YES
3
Caregiver2.5support
YES
Residential2 care policies
YES
2009
2010
2011
1
Adult protective
services
0.5
Child protection
services
0 services for sexual violence
Medico-legal
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Mental health services
2007
Year
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment NO
YES
YES
YES
2008
YES
VICTIM 1.5
SERVICES
Afghanistan
Indonesia
2007
21 / 21
YES
YES
YES
YES (NO)
2006
Year times
Full KEY No response/ dont know Once/few
Larger scale
Implementation
Enforcement Child maltreatment prevention programmes
Home visiting
YES
YES
Parenting education
Partial
0.6
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
20
0
LAWS AND PREVENTION PROGRAMMES BY
TYPE
VIOLENCE
2001
2002 OF
2003
2004 2005
NO
NO
2009
2010
2011
Elder abuse NO
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Rate per 100 000 population
DA
TA
NO
TA
VA
ILA
BL
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
OT
AN
0.3
DAT
0.2
0.1
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
LE
ILAB
AVA
Albania
Iran
Other 6%
Part VIII Country profiles
Strangulation 1%
pulation
Burn 1%
7
6
137
Data collection by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Health and Medical Education.
Honduras
Rate pe
30
20
10
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
0.12
0.1
Alcohol 0.08
Adult (15+)
per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
0.06
Patterns 0.04
of drinking score
Excise taxes
Beer:
Wine:
0.02
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
VICTIM LAWS
15 / 13
YES
YES
NO
YES (NO)
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
YES
Parenting education
YES
3.5
3
Youth violence
prevention programmes
2.5
Pre-school enrichment
YES
2
Life skills and social development training
YES
1.5
Mentoring
YES
1
After-school supervision
YES
0.5
School anti-bullying
YES
0
2001 2002
2003 prevention
2004 2005 programmes
2006 2007 2008
Intimate partner
violence
Dating violence prevention in schools Year
YES
Microfinance and gender equity training
YES
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Sexual violence prevention programmes
School and college programmes
YES
Physical environment changes
YES
Social and0.8cultural norms change
YES
Elder abuse
0.7 prevention programmes
0.6 awareness campaigns
Professional
YES
0.5
Public information
campaigns
YES
Caregiver0.4support
YES
0.3 care policies
Residential
YES
Partial
2006
Spirits:
Year
YES1
YES
2009
2010
2011
VICTIM 0.2
SERVICES
YES
YES
0.1
2007
YES
YES
2008
YES
YES
2009
2010
DATA ON VIOLENCE
National prevalence surveys for non-fatal violence
Youth violence
Intimate partner violence YES
Sexual violence
2011
Elder abuse
Trends in homicides
VA
ILA
BL
Mechanism of homicide
TA
OT
AN
LE
ILAB
AVA
DA
TA
NO
DAT
Iraq
1
Albania
Subnational.
138
Strangulation
Burn 4%1%
pulation
00 population
80
Other 24%
Other 6%
Burn 1%
70
8
60
7
50
6
Iceland
IRAQ
0.06
0.04
0.02
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Indiaaction plans
National
Interpersonal violence YES
Child maltreatment
YES
Youth violence
YES
Intimate partner violence
YES
Sexual violence
YES
Elder abuse
YES
Firearms
Laws to regulate civilian access
YES
Mandatory background check
YES
Handguns/long guns/ automatic weapons
YES/YES/YES
Carrying firearms in public
YES
Programmes to reduce civilian firearm possession and use
YES
3.5
Alcohol
2.5
Adult (15+) per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
2
Patterns of drinking score
1.5
Excise taxes
Beer: NO
Wine: NO
1
0
2008
2009
2010
2011
YES
Parenting education
NO
YES
YES
2007
Year
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
VICTIM LAWS
0.8
0.7
Youth violence
prevention programmes
Pre-school0.6enrichment
YES
Life skills0.5and social development training
YES
Mentoring0.4
YES
0.3
After-school
supervision
YES
0.2
School anti-bullying
YES
0.1
Intimate partner violence prevention programmes
0
Dating violence
schools
NO
2001 prevention
2002 2003 in
2004
2005 2006 2007 2008
Microfinance and gender equity trainingYear
YES
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Sexual violence prevention programmes
School and college programmes
YES
Physical environment changes
YES
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Elder abuse prevention programmes
Professional awareness campaigns
YES
Public information campaigns
NO
Caregiver support
YES
Residential care policies
YES
2009
2010
2011
VICTIM SERVICES
YES
YES
YES
YES
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment YES
Iraq
18 / 18
YES
YES
YES1
YES (YES)
2006
Partial
0.5
Spirits: NO
0.5
2001TYPE
2002 OF
2003
2004 2005
LAWS AND PREVENTION PROGRAMMES BY
VIOLENCE
NO
YES
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Burn 4%
Firearm 45%
Strangulation 6%
Blunt force 7%
Sharp force 14%
80
Other 24%
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Source: Police
Israel
Subnational.
Other 2%
Unknown 7%
Strangulation
Part VIII Country
profiles 5%
pulation
Blunt force 4%
3.5
3
2.5
139
ISRAEL
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Year
2009
2010
2011
Alcohol
0.6
Adult (15+)
per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
0.5
Patterns of
drinking score
LEAST RISKY
0.4
Excise taxes
Beer:
YES
Wine: YES
0.3
0.1
YES
NO
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
Burn 4%
VICTIM LAWS
Providing for
victim
Blunt
forcelegal
7% representation
2003
2004
2005
NO
NO
30
Adult protective
services
20
Child protection
services
10
Medico-legal
services for sexual violence
0
Mental health
2001 services
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment YES
Israel
2008
2007
YES
YES
YES
YES
2008
2009
2010
2011
2010
2011
2009
Trends in homicides
Unknown 7%
Strangulation 5%
Firearm 55%
Sharp force 27%
3.5
Blunt force 4%
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Source: Israel Center Bureau of Statistics
Subnational.
140
Italy
Unknown 10%
Other 5%
1.4
ation
2007
Year
Mechanism of homicide
Other 2%
2006
40
VICTIM SERVICES
Firearm 45%
Strangulation
Providing
for victim6%
compensation
2002
1.2
17 / 17
YES
YES
NO
YES (YES)
2001
YES
Parenting education
YES
Mentoring
YES
After-school supervision
YES
School anti-bullying
YES
YES
Microfinance and gender equity training
YES
Physical environment changes
YES
Social and cultural norms change
80 awareness campaigns
campaigns
YES
Public information
70
Caregiver60support
YES
Residential
YES
50 care policies
Partial
2.8
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
0.2
NO
NO
0.8
ITALY
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
YES
NO
6.7
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
YES
YES
Firearm 45%
Strangulation 6%
Blunt force 7%
Firearm 55%
VICTIM LAWS
80
70
Youth violence
prevention programmes
Pre-school60enrichment
NO
Life skills 50and social development training
YES
Mentoring40
YES
30 supervision
After-school
YES
20
School anti-bullying
YES
10
Intimate partner
violence prevention programmes
0
Dating violence
schools
2001 prevention
2002 2003 in
2004
2005 2006 2007 YES
2008
Microfinance and gender equity trainingYear
NO
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Sexual violence prevention programmes
School and college programmes
YES
Physical environment changes
YES
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Elder abuse prevention programmes
3.5
Professional awareness campaigns
YES
3
Public information
campaigns
NO
Caregiver2.5support
YES
Residential2 care policies
YES
2009
2010
2011
YES
YES
1
Adult protective
services
0.5
Child protection
services
0 services for sexual violence
Medico-legal
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Mental health
services
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment YES
Unknown 10%
Firearm 45%
Blunt force 7%
2010
Elder abuse NO
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
2009
1.4
Other 5%
Burn 2%
Strangulation 7%
2011
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
2007
Year
NO
YES
YES
2008
YES
VICTIM 1.5
SERVICES
Italy
18 / 18
YES
YES
YES
YES (NO)
Parenting education
YES
Partial
Source: Police
141
JAMAICA
Population: 2 768 941
YES1
YES
4.9
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
YES
Parenting education Training to recognise /
YES
YES
NO
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
YES
YES
VICTIM LAWS
VICTIM SERVICES
NO
YES
YES
YES
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment YES
Jamaica
Mechanism of homicide
Other 11%
70
Firearm 70%
Elder abuse NO
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Japan
Subnational.
142
Firearm 2%
Unknown 3%
0.7
ulation
0.6
JAPAN
Population: 127 249 704
Income inequality:
NO
NO
7.2
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
18 / 16
YES
YES
YES
YES (NO)
YES
Parenting education
NO
NO
NO
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES Firearm 70%
VICTIM LAWS
30
VICTIM SERVICES
YES
YES
20
Adult protective
services
10
Child protection
services
0 services for sexual violence
Medico-legal
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Mental health services
2007
YES
YES
YES
2008
YES
2009
2010
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment YES
Japan
0.7
Other 41%
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Firearm 2%
Unknown 3%
2011
Jordan
3
pulation
2.5
143
Data collection by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare.
Partial
JORDAN
Population: 7 009 444
NO
NO
0.7
Spirits: YES
NO
YES
Firearm 70%
YES
YES
YES
NO
VICTIM LAWS
70
60
Youth violence
prevention programmes
Pre-school50enrichment
NO
Life skills40and social development training
YES
Mentoring30
YES
After-school
NO
20 supervision
School anti-bullying
YES
10
Intimate partner
violence prevention programmes
0
2001 prevention
2002 2003 in
2004
2005 2006 2007 2008
Dating violence
schools
NO
Microfinance and gender equity training
YES
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Sexual violence prevention programmes
School and college programmes
YES
Physical environment changes
NO
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Elder abuse
0.7 prevention programmes
Professional
YES
0.6 awareness campaigns
Public information
campaigns
YES
0.5
Caregiver support
YES
0.4
Residential care policies
YES
2009
2010
2011
NO
YES1
0.3
0.2
2007
Year
DATA ON VIOLENCE
NO
YES
YES
2008
YES
VICTIM SERVICES
Jordan
Afghanistan
2009
2010
2011
Elder abuse NO
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Rate per 100 000 population
DA
TA
NO
TA
VA
ILA
BL
3
2.5
2
1.5
OT
AN
DAT
0.5
0
2001
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Kazakhstan
Albania
Subnational.
144
Other 6%
Burn 1%
Strangulation 1%
pulation
opulation
2003
Year
LE
ILAB
AVA
14
8
12
7
106
18 / 18
YES
YES
NO
YES (NO)
YES
Parenting education
YES
Partial
KAZAKHSTAN
Population: 16 271 201
Jamaica
Youth violence
YES1
Sharp force 19%
Sexual violence
Firearms
Laws to regulate civilian access
YES
Mandatory background check
YES
Handguns/long guns/ automatic weapons
YES/YES/YES
Carrying firearms in public
YES
Programmes to reduce civilian firearm possession and use
YES
60
50
Alcohol
40
Adult (15+)
per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
30
Patterns of
drinking score
LEAST RISKY
20
Excise taxes
Beer: YES
Wine: YES
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
YES
YES
2008
2009
2010
0.7
0.6
Youth violence
prevention programmes
0.5 enrichment
Pre-school
YES
Life skills0.4and social development training
YES
0.3
Mentoring
YES
After-school
YES
0.2 supervision
School anti-bullying
YES
0.1
Intimate partner
violence
prevention
programmes
0
2001 prevention
2002 2003 in
2004
2005 2006 2007 YES
2008
Dating violence
schools
Microfinance and gender equity trainingYear
YES
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Sexual violence prevention programmes
School and college programmes
YES
Physical environment changes
YES
Social and cultural norms change
NO
3 prevention programmes
Elder abuse
Professional
2
Caregiver support
2009
2010
2011
1
VICTIM SERVICES
Adult protective
services
0.5
Child protection
services
0
2001services
2002 2003
2004 violence
2005 2006
Medico-legal
for sexual
Mental health services
Year
2007
YES
2008
YES
YES
2009
2010
DATA ON VIOLENCE
2011
Elder abuse
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Rate per 100 000 population
DA
TA
NO
TA
VA
ILA
BL
14
12
10
8
6
OT
AN
DAT
4
2
0
2001
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Source: Police
Kenya
Albania
Subnational.
Other 6%
Part VIII Country profiles
Burn 1%
Strangulation 1%
population
pulation
2002
Year
LE
ILAB
AVA
7
8
6
7
5
6
145
Data collection by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Health and Social Development.
VICTIM LAWS
Kazakhstan
Afghanistan
2011
YES
Parenting education
YES
Other 41%
2007
18 / 18
YES
YES
NO
YES (YES)
2006
Partial
10.3
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
10
YES
YES
KENYA
30
20
10
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Japan
0.6
Alcohol 0.5
Adult (15+)
0.4 per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
Patterns 0.3
of drinking score
LEAST RISKY
Excise taxes
Beer:
YES
Wine: YES
0.2
0
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
2008
2009
2010
2011
Youth violence
prevention programmes
2.5
Pre-school enrichment
NO
2
Life skills and social development training
YES
1.5
Mentoring
YES
After-school
NO
1 supervision
School anti-bullying
YES
0.5
Intimate partner violence prevention programmes
0
Dating violence
schools
2001 prevention
2002 2003 in
2004
2005 2006 2007 NO
2008
Microfinance and gender equity trainingYear
YES
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Sexual violence prevention programmes
School and college programmes
YES
Physical environment changes
YES
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Elder abuse prevention programmes
14
Professional awareness campaigns
YES
12
Public information
campaigns
YES
Caregiver10support
YES
Residential8 care policies
NO
2009
2010
2011
VICTIM SERVICES
YES
YES
4
Adult protective
services
2
Child protection
services
Medico-legal
services for sexual violence
0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Mental health
services
2007
2009
2010
Year
DATA ON VIOLENCE
NO
YES
YES
2008
YES
2011
Elder abuse NO
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
DA
TA
NO
TA
VA
ILA
BL
7
6
5
4
OT
AN
DAT
2
1
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
LE
ILAB
AVA
146
Other 6%
Unknown 22%
Burn 1%
Strangulation 1%
pulation
pulation
Kiribati
Albania
128
107
6
VICTIM LAWS
Providing for victim compensation
Providing for victim legal representation
Afghanistan
Kenya
2007
18 / 18
YES
YES
YES
YES (YES)
2006
YES
Parenting education
Partial
4.3
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
0.1
NO
NO
Rate per 10
Other 41%
KIRIBATI
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Income inequality:
Jordan
2.5
Alcohol 2
Adult (15+)
per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
1.5
Patterns of drinking score
LEAST RISKY
1
Excise taxes
Beer: NO
Wine: NO
0
YES
YES
2007
2008
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
2010
2011
Larger scale
Implementation
YES
YES
YES
14
Youth violence
prevention programmes
12
Pre-school
enrichment
NO
10
Life skills 8and social development training
YES
Mentoring6
YES
After-school supervision
NO
4
School anti-bullying
YES
2
Intimate partner violence prevention programmes
0
Dating violence
schools
NO
2001 prevention
2002 2003 in
2004
2005 2006 2007 2008
Microfinance and gender equity training
YES
Year
Social and cultural norms change
NO
Sexual violence prevention programmes
School and college programmes
NO
Physical environment changes
YES
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Elder abuse prevention programmes
7
Professional awareness campaigns
NO
6
Public information campaigns
NO
Caregiver 5support
YES
Residential4 care policies
NO
2009
2010
2011
VICTIM SERVICES
NO
YES
2
Adult protective
services
1
Child protection
services
0
Medico-legal
services for sexual violence
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Mental health services
Year
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment NO
Kiribati
2007
2009
2010
2011
Elder abuse NO
12
Other 44%
10
8
6
4
2
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Unknown 22%
NO
YES
NO
2008
NO
Source: Police
Kuwait
6
opulation
5
4
147
Data collection by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Health and Medical Services.
VICTIM LAWS
2009
18 / 18
YES
YES
NO
YES (NO)
2006
Year times
Once/few
Partial
3
MOST RISKY
Spirits: NO
0.5
2001
2002OF2003
2004 2005
LAWS AND PREVENTION PROGRAMMES BY
TYPE
VIOLENCE
YES
NO
Rate per 1
1
0.5
0
KUWAIT
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Income inequality:
12
Alcohol 10
Adult (15+)8 per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
Patterns of6 drinking score
4
Excise taxes
Beer:
Wine:
0
YES
YES
YES
YES
NO
YES
YES
VICTIM LAWS
Providing for victim compensation
Providing for victim legal
representation
Other 44%
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Yeartimes
Once/few
NO
NO
Larger scale
Implementation
NO
YES
NO
17 / 15
YES
YES
YES
YES (YES)
2006
6
Youth violence
prevention programmes
Pre-school5 enrichment
NO
Life skills 4and social development training
YES
Mentoring3
YES
After-school
YES
2 supervision
School anti-bullying
YES
1
Intimate partner
violence
prevention
programmes
0
2001 2002
2003 in
2004
2005 2006 2007 2008
Dating violence
prevention
schools
NO
Microfinance and gender equity training Year
NO
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Sexual violence prevention programmes
School and college programmes
NO
Physical environment changes
YES
Social and cultural norms change
YES
12 prevention programmes
Elder abuse
Professional
YES
10 awareness campaigns
Public information campaigns
YES
8
Caregiver support
YES
6 care policies
Residential
YES
Partial
0.1
Spirits:
NO
NO
2009
2010
2011
4
VICTIM SERVICES
Adult protective
services
2
Child protection services
0
Medico-legal
for sexual
2001services
2002 2003
2004 violence
2005 2006
Mental health services
Year
2007
NO
NO
NO
2008
YES
2009
2010
2011
Afghanistan
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment NO
Kuwait
Elder abuse NO
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Rate per 100 000 population
DA
TA
NO
TA
VA
ILA
BL
6
5
4
3
OT
AN
LE
ILAB
AVA
DAT
1
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Source: Police
Kyrgyzstan
Albania
Other31%
6%
Unknown
Burn 1%
Strangulation 1%
Firearm 4%
pulation
population
148
78
67
56
Data collection by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Social Affairs and Labour.
Kazakhstan
KYRGYZSTAN
Population: 5 474 213
6
4
2
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Alcohol 5
Adult (15+)4 per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
Patterns of3 drinking score
LEAST RISKY
Excise taxes
Beer: NO
Wine: YES
2
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES1
YES1
NO
YES
VICTIM LAWS
Providing for victim compensation
Providing for victim legal representation
VICTIM SERVICES
2
2007
Year
Firearm 4%
2011
YES
YES
YES
2008
YES
2009
2010
2011
2009
2010
2011
Elder abuse
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
2010
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Unknown 31%
2009
12
Kyrgyzstan
2008
Youth violence
prevention programmes
10
Pre-school enrichment
YES
Life skills 8and social development training
YES
Mentoring6
YES
After-school
YES
4 supervision
School anti-bullying
YES
2
Intimate partner violence prevention programmes
0
Dating violence
prevention in schools
YES
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Microfinance and gender equity training
YES
Year
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Sexual violence prevention programmes
School and college programmes
YES
Physical environment changes
YES
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Elder abuse
prevention
programmes
6
Professional awareness campaigns
YES
5
Public information
campaigns
YES
Caregiver 4support
YES
Residential3 care policies
YES
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment
2007
17 / 17
YES
YES
YES (YES)
2006
YES
Parenting education
YES
Partial
4.3
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
1
0
2001
YES
YES1
Kenya
2006
LAOS
Subnational.
149
3
2
1
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Other 44%
18 / 18
YES
YES
NO
YES (YES)
YES
YES
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Youth violence
prevention programmes
5
Pre-school enrichment
NO
4
Life skills and social development training
YES
Mentoring3
YES
After-school
YES
2 supervision
School anti-bullying
YES
1
Intimate partner violence prevention programmes
0
Dating violence
schools
NO
2001 prevention
2002 2003 in
2004
2005 2006 2007 2008
Microfinance and gender equity training Year
YES
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Sexual violence prevention programmes
School and college programmes
NO
Physical environment changes
YES
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Elder abuse
prevention
programmes
8
Professional
NO
7 awareness campaigns
Public information
campaigns
NO
6
Caregiver 5support
NO
Residential4 care policies
NO
2009
2010
2011
3
VICTIM SERVICES
Other 10%
NO
YES
Strangulation 6%
2
Adult protective
services
1
Child protection
services
0
Medico-legal
services for sexual violence
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Mental health services
2007
Year
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment NO
NO
YES
NO
2008
YES
2009
2010
2011
Elder abuse NO
Trends in homicides
VA
ILA
BL
Mechanism of homicide
TA
OT
AN
LE
ILAB
AVA
DA
TA
NO
DAT
Latvia
Albania
Other 6%
Firearm
Burn 1%6%
Strangulation 1%
150
128
107
6
VICTIM LAWS
LAOS
Afghanistan
2006
NO
Parenting education
Training to recognise / avoid sexually
abusive situations
NO
Partial
7.3
MOST RISKY
Spirits: NO
YES
NO
10
Alcohol 8
Adult (15+) per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
Patterns of6 drinking score
LEAST RISKY
4
Excise taxes
Beer: YES
Wine: NO
Kiribati
LATVIA
Rate per 10
4
2
Other 44%
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Kuwait
NO
NO
Alcohol 4
Adult (15+) per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
3
Patterns of drinking score
LEAST RISKY
2
Excise taxes
Beer: YES
Wine: YES
12.3
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
1
0
2001
2002 OF
2003
2004 2005
LAWS AND PREVENTION PROGRAMMES BY TYPE
VIOLENCE
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
YES
Against
child marriage
YES
Parenting education
Kyrgyzstan
Against statutory rape
YES
Training to recognise / avoid sexually
Against female genital mutilation
YES
YES
abusive situations
4%
8
Ban on corporal punishment (all settings) FirearmYES
(YES)
Unknown 31%
7
Youth violence laws
Youth violence
prevention programmes
Against weapons on school premises
YES
YES
Pre-school6 enrichment
YES
Against gang or criminal group membership
YES Sharp force 35%
Life skills 5and social development training
Mentoring4
NO
3
After-school
supervision
YES
Other 10%
2
School anti-bullying
YES
1
Intimate partner
violence
laws
Intimate
partner
violence
prevention
programmes
Strangulation 6%
0
Against rape in marriage
YES
prevention
schools
NO 2009 2010 2011
2001 2002
2003 in
2004
2005 2006 2007 2008
Dating violence
Blunt force 14%
Allowing removal of violent spouse from home YES
Against
contact sexual violence without rape YES
Physical environment changes
YES
Against non-contact sexual violence
YES
Social and cultural norms change
Caregiver support
NO
Yeartimes
Once/few
VICTIM SERVICES
YES
YES
NO
YES
YES
YES
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment YES
Latvia
Mechanism of homicide
Sharp force 36%
Unknown 9%
12
Firearm 6%
Elder abuse NO
VICTIM LAWS
Providing for victim compensation
Providing for victim legal representation
Strangulation 6%
10
8
6
4
2
0
2001
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
2002
Source: Police
pulation
Liberia
1.2
10
151
Rate per 10
LIBERIA
2
1
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Alcohol 5
Adult (15+)4 per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
Patterns of3 drinking score
LEAST RISKY
Excise taxes
Beer:
YES
Wine: YES
2
4.7
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
1
0
2001
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
YES
YES
Parenting education
YES
Training to recognise / avoid sexually
abusive situations
NO
YES
NO ()
YES
YES
Life skills and social development training
Mentoring
YES
After-school supervision
YES
School anti-bullying
YES
YES
Allowing removal of violent spouse from home YES
Microfinance and gender equity training
Latvia
Against
contact sexual violence without rape YES
NO
Firearm 6%
10
Against elder abuse in institutions
NO
Caregiver 8support
YES
Unknown 9%
Strangulation 6%
VICTIM SERVICES
4
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment NO
VA
ILA
BL
TA
NO
TA
DA
2010
Elder abuse NO
10
0.8
0.6
OT
AN
LE
ILAB
AVA
DAT
0.4
0.2
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Lithuania
Albania
Subnational.
152
Other 6%
Firearm
4%
Burn 1%
Unknown
1%
Strangulation
Other1%
9%
2009
1.2
2011
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Liberia
Afghanistan
2007
Year
NO
YES
YES
2008
YES
12
8
107
86
Data collection by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Health and Social Welfare.
VICTIM LAWS
Partial
NO
NO
Kyrgyzstan
Other 10%
LITHUANIA
Strangulation 6%
3
2
1
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
LAOS
YES1
NO
15.4
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
YES
YES
Parenting education
YES
Training to recognise / avoid sexually
abusive situations
NO
YES
NO ()
12
Sharp force 36%
Youth violence prevention programmes
NO
Pre-school10 enrichment
YES
YES
YES
Life skills 8and social development training
Mentoring6
YES
After-school supervision
YES
4
School anti-bullying
YES
0
Dating violence
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
and gender equity training
NO
YES
Against
contact sexual violence without rape YES
Physical environment changes
Liberia
NO
0.8
Residential
care policies
YES
VICTIM0.6
SERVICES
YES
YES
0.4
Adult protective
services
Child protection
services
0.2
Medico-legal services for sexual violence
0
Mental health
2001services
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment YES
Other 9%
Strangulation 8%
Elder abuse NO
10
8
6
4
2
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Madagascar
Subnational.
Unknown 2%
Part VIII Country profiles
Firearm 39%
4.5
lation
2010
12
2009
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Firearm 4%
Unknown 1%
2011
Year
Lithuania
2007
NO
YES
YES
YES
2008
VICTIM LAWS
4
3.5
153
MADAGASCAR
Population: 22 293 914
Alcohol 8
Adult (15+) per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
6
Patterns of drinking score
LEAST RISKY
4
Excise taxes
Beer: YES
Wine: YES
0
YES
YES
2007
2008
Yeartimes
Once/few
Other 9%
Strangulation
VICTIM
LAWS 8%
2009
2010
YES
YES
YES
1.2
2009
2010
NO
YES
Adult protective
services
2
Child protection services
0
Medico-legal
for sexual
2001services
2002 2003
2004 violence
2005 2006
Mental health services
Year
2007
YES
YES
YES
2008
YES
2009
2010
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment YES
Madagascar
Burn 2%
Strangulation 1%
Blunt force 22%
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
4.5
Other 18%
2011
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Unknown 2%
Firearm 39%
2011
VICTIM SERVICES
4
2011
Larger scale
Implementation
Youth violence
prevention programmes
10
Pre-school enrichment
YES
Life skills0.8and social development training
YES
0.6
Mentoring
NO
After-school
NO
0.4 supervision
School anti-bullying
NO
0.2
Intimate partner violence prevention programmes
0
Dating violence
prevention in schools
YES
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Microfinance and gender equity training Year
YES
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Sexual violence prevention programmes
School and college programmes
YES
Physical environment changes
YES
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Elder abuse
prevention
programmes
12
Professional awareness campaigns
NO
10
Public information campaigns
YES
Caregiver 8support
NO
Residential6 care policies
NO
Rate per 100 000 population
18 / 18
YES
YES
NO
NO ()
2006
Partial
1.8
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
2001
2002 OF
2003
2004 2005
LAWS AND PREVENTION PROGRAMMES BY
TYPE
VIOLENCE
YES1
NO
Malawi
Subnational.
154
opulation
4
3.5
3
Data collection by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Public Health.
Latvia
Rate per 10
MALAWI
Strangulation 6%
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Liberia
YES
NO
10
Alcohol 0.8
Adult (15+) per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
0.6
Patterns of drinking score
LEAST RISKY
0.4
Excise taxes
Beer: YES
Wine: YES
2.5
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
0.2
0
2001
2002OF2003
2004 2005
LAWS AND PREVENTION PROGRAMMES BY
TYPE
VIOLENCE
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Lithuania
YES
Against
child marriage
YES
Parenting education
YES
SharpNO
force 30%
12
Firearm 4%(all settings)
Ban on corporal punishment
YES (YES)
10
Youth violenceUnknown
laws 1%
Youth violence
prevention programmes
Other
Against weapons
on 9%
school premises
YES
YES
Pre-school8 enrichment
YES
Against gang or criminal group membership
YES
Life skills 6and social development training
Mentoring
NO
Strangulation 8%
4 supervision
After-school
NO
School anti-bullying
YES
2
Dating violence
schools
Year
Allowing removal of violent spouse from home YES
YES
Microfinance and gender equity training
Madagascar
YES
Against contact sexual violence without rape YES
Physical environment changes
Unknown 2%
4.5 prevention programmes
Elder abuse laws
Elder abuse
Firearm 39%
4 awareness campaigns
Against elder abuse
YES
YES
Professional
3.5
Against elder abuse
in institutions
NO
Public information
campaigns
YES
Other 18%
3
Caregiver2.5support
YES
Residential
NO
2 care policies
Burn 2%
VICTIM1.5SERVICES
YES
YES
Sharp force 16%
1
Adult protective
services
0.5
Child protection services
0
Medico-legal
for sexual
2001services
2002 2003
2004 violence
2005 2006
Mental health services
Year
2007
YES
YES
YES
2008
YES
2009
2010
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment NO
Malawi
Afghanistan
2011
Elder abuse NO
VICTIM
LAWS 1%
Strangulation
Yeartimes
Once/few
Trends in homicides
DA
TA
NO
TA
VA
ILA
BL
Mechanism of homicide
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
OT
AN
1.5
DAT
1
0.5
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
LE
ILAB
AVA
Source: Police
Other 6%
7%
Part VIII Country Firearm
profiles
Burn 1%
Unknown 4%
Strangulation
Other1%
3%
pulation
opulation
Malaysia
Albania
3
8
2.57
26
155
Rate per 10
MALAYSIA
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Lithuania
10
Alcohol 8
Adult (15+) per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
6
Patterns of drinking score
LEAST RISKY
4
Excise taxes
Beer: YES
Wine: YES
1.3
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
2
0
2001TYPE
2002 OF
2003
2004 2005
LAWS AND PREVENTION PROGRAMMES BY
VIOLENCE
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Partial
YES
YES
Parenting education
YES
Training to recognise / avoid sexually
abusive situations
NO
YES
4.5
NO ()
Firearm 39%
4
Youth violence
prevention programmes
3.5
YES
YES
Pre-school3 enrichment
YES
YES
Life skills2.5and social development training
Mentoring
YES
2
Burn 2%
1.5 supervision
After-school
NO
Strangulation 1%
1
School anti-bullying
YES
0.5
Intimate partnerBlunt
violence
laws
Intimate partner violence prevention programmes
Sharp force 16%
force 22%
0
Against rape in marriage
YES
schools
2001 prevention
2002 2003 in
2004
2005 2006 2007 NO
2008 2009 2010 2011
Dating violence
YES
Allowing removal of violent spouse from home YES
Microfinance and gender equity trainingYear
Malawi
Against contact sexual violence without rape YES
YES
Physical environment changes
3.5
Against elder abuse in institutions
YES
campaigns
YES
Public information
Caregiver 3support
YES
2.5
Residential care policies
YES
NO
YES
VICTIM1.5
SERVICES
Adult protective
services
1
Child protection
services
0.5
Medico-legal
services for sexual violence
0
2001services
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Mental health
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment NO
Malaysia
Strangulation 12%
Elder abuse NO
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
2010
Firearm 7%
Unknown 4%
Other 3%
Burn 3%
2009
2011
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Source: Police
Maldives
Subnational.
156
4.5
opulation
2007
Year
YES
YES
YES
2008
YES
4
3.5
3
Data collection by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by General Directorate of Health.
VICTIM LAWS
NO
YES1
Rate per 1
Strangulation 8%
4
2
MALDIVES
2001
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Madagascar
2002
Strangulation 1%
Handguns/long guns/ automatic weapons
YES/YES/YES
Carrying firearms in public
YES
Blunt force
22% firearm possessionSharp
Programmes to reduce
civilian
and force
use 16%
YES
3.5
Alcohol 3
2.5
Adult (15+)2 per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
Patterns 1.5
of drinking score
Excise taxes
Beer:
Wine:
1
1.2
Spirits:
0.5
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
NO
Parenting education
YES
YES
Training to recognise / avoid sexually
abusive situations
NO
YES
4
NO ()
3.5
Youth violence
prevention programmes
YES
NO
Pre-school3 enrichment
YES
YES
Life skills2.5and social development training
Mentoring2
YES
1.5
After-school
supervision
YES
1
School anti-bullying
YES
0.5
Intimate partner violence laws
Intimate partner violence prevention programmes
0
Against rape in marriage
NO
Dating violence
schools
2001 prevention
2002 2003 in
2004
2005 2006 2007 NO
2008 2009 2010 2011
Allowing removal of violent spouse from home YES
YES
Microfinance and gender equity trainingYear
Malaysia
Against contact sexual violence without rape YES
YES
Physical environment changes
YES
Against non-contact sexual violence
YES
Social and cultural norms change
3 prevention programmes
Elder abuse laws Firearm 7%
Elder abuse
Against elder abuse
YES
YES
Professional
Public
information
campaigns
YES
Other 3%
2
Caregiver
support
NO
Burn 3%
1.5 care policies
Residential
YES
1
VICTIM SERVICES
YES
YES
Adult protective
services
0.5
Child protection services
0
Medico-legal
for sexual
2001services
2002 2003
2004 violence
2005 2006
Year
Mental health services
2007
YES
YES
YES
2008
YES
2009
2010
DATA ON VIOLENCE
National prevalence surveys for non-fatal violence
Youth violence NO
Intimate partner violence YES
Sexual violence YES
2011
Elder abuse NO
VICTIM
LAWS
Strangulation 12%
Partial
NO
NO
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Rate per 100 000 population
DA
TA
NO
TA
VA
ILA
BL
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
OT
AN
1.5
LE
ILAB
AVA
DAT
1
0.5
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Source: Police
Mauritania
Albania
Other 6%
Part VIII Country profiles
Strangulation 1%
pulation
Burn 1%
7
6
157
Rate per 10
Burn 2%
Strangulation 1%
Sharp force 16%
MAURITANIA
1.5
1
0.5
0
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Malawi
2001
3.5
Alcohol 3
2.5
Adult (15+) per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
2
Patterns of drinking score
1.5
Excise taxes
Beer:
Wine:
1
0
NO
YES
Strangulation 12%
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
VICTIM LAWS
18 / 18
YES
YES
YES
YES (YES)
2006
YES
Parenting education
abusive situations
2.5
Youth violence
prevention programmes
Pre-school2 enrichment
NO
Life skills and social development training
NO
1.5
Mentoring
NO
1 supervision
After-school
NO
School anti-bullying
NO
0.5
Intimate partner
violence
prevention
programmes
0
2001 prevention
2002 2003 in
2004
2005 2006 2007 NO
2008
Dating violence
schools
Year
Microfinance and gender equity training
NO
Social and cultural norms change
NO
Sexual violence prevention programmes
School and college programmes
NO
Physical environment changes
NO
Social and cultural norms change
NO
4.5 prevention programmes
Elder abuse
4
Professional
awareness campaigns
NO
3.5
Public information
campaigns
NO
3
Caregiver2.5support
NO
Residential2 care policies
NO
Partial
0.1
Spirits:
0.5
2001
2002OF2003
2004 2005
LAWS AND PREVENTION PROGRAMMES BY
TYPE
VIOLENCE
NO
NO
2009
2010
2011
VICTIM1.5
SERVICES
NO
YES
2007
NO
NO
2008
NO
NO
2009
2010
2011
Child maltreatment NO
Mauritania
Afghanistan
Elder abuse NO
Trends in homicides
VA
ILA
BL
Mechanism of homicide
TA
OT
AN
LE
ILAB
AVA
DA
TA
NO
DAT
158
Other 6%
Unknown
Burn 12%
1%
Strangulation
Other 1%
0.2%
pulation
population
Mexico
Albania
30
8
25
7
206
DATA ON VIOLENCE
National prevalence surveys for non-fatal violence
Youth violence NO
Intimate partner violence NO
Sexual violence YES
Rate per 10
MEXICO
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
2.5
Alcohol 2
Adult (15+) per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
1.5
Patterns of drinking score
LEAST RISKY
1
Excise taxes
Beer: YES
Wine: YES
0
16 / 14
YES
YES
YES
YES (YES)
YES
YES
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Yeartimes
Full KEY No response/ dont know Once/few
Larger scale
Implementation
Enforcement Child maltreatment prevention programmes
Home visiting
YES
YES
Parenting education
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
VICTIM LAWS
4.5
4
Youth violence
prevention programmes
3.5
Pre-school3 enrichment
YES
Life skills2.5and social development training
YES
Mentoring2
YES
1.5 supervision
After-school
YES
1
School anti-bullying
YES
Intimate0.5
partner violence prevention programmes
0
Dating violence
schools
2001 prevention
2002 2003 in
2004
2005 2006 2007 YES
2008
Microfinance and gender equity training Year
YES
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Sexual violence prevention programmes
School and college programmes
YES
Physical environment changes
YES
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Elder abuse prevention programmes
Professional awareness campaigns
YES
Public information campaigns
YES
Caregiver support
YES
Residential care policies
YES
Partial
7.2
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
0.5
YES
YES
2009
2010
2011
VICTIM SERVICES
YES
YES
YES
YES
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment YES1
Mexico
Malaysia
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Unknown 12%
Other 0.2%
Burn 1%
Strangulation 6%
Blunt force 1%
Firearm 68%
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
2001
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Source: INEGI
Mongolia
Subnational.
Firearm 2%
Part VIII Country profiles
16
opulation
2003
Year
2002
14
12
159
Strangulation 12%
MONGOLIA
1.5
1
0.5
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
3.5
Alcohol 3
Adult (15+)
2.5 per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
Patterns of2 drinking score
LEAST RISKY
1.5
Excise taxes
Beer: YES
Wine: YES
1
0
18 / 18
YES
YES
NO
YES (NO)
Other 0.2%
Burn 1%
Strangulation 6%
VICTIMBlunt
LAWS
force 1%
YES
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
NO
Firearm 68%
Mongolia
YES
YES
VICTIM 10SERVICES
2007
Year
2011
YES
YES
YES
2008
YES
2009
2010
2011
Elder abuse NO
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
2010
16
Other 28%
Strangulation 6%
2009
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Firearm 2%
2008
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment YES
2007
Year
NO
Parenting education
Training to recognise / avoid sexually
abusive situations
NO
2006
Partial
6.9
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
0.5
2001
2002OF2003
2004 2005
LAWS AND PREVENTION PROGRAMMES BY
TYPE
VIOLENCE
NO
NO
Source: Police
Montenegro
Other 4%
pulation
160
Maldives
Rate per 10
MONTENEGRO
Population: 621 081
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
2001
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Mauritania
2002
YES
YES
8.7
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
YES
YES
Firearm 68%
YES
YES
YES
Other 28%
VICTIM LAWS
30
25
Youth violence
prevention programmes
Pre-school20 enrichment
YES
Life skills and social development training
YES
15
Mentoring
YES
10 supervision
After-school
YES
School anti-bullying
YES
5
Intimate partner
violence
prevention
programmes
0
2001 prevention
2002 2003 in
2004
2005 2006 2007 YES
2008
Dating violence
schools
Microfinance and gender equity training Year
YES
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Sexual violence prevention programmes
School and college programmes
YES
Physical environment changes
YES
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Elder abuse
prevention
programmes
16
Professional
YES
14 awareness campaigns
Public information
campaigns
YES
12
Caregiver10support
YES
Residential8 care policies
YES
2009
2010
2011
6
VICTIM SERVICES
YES
YES
Blunt force 22%
4
Adult protective
services
2
Child protection
services
0
Medico-legal
for sexual
2001services
2002 2003
2004 violence
2005 2006
Mental health services
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment YES
Montenegro
2007
Year
2010
Strangulation 13%
Firearm 70%
Sharp force 9%
Other 4%
5
4
3
2
1
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
2009
2011
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Blunt force 4%
YES
YES
YES
2008
YES
18 / 18
YES
YES
YES
YES (YES)
YES
Parenting education
Strangulation 6%
Blunt force 1%
Partial
Source: Police
opulation
Morocco
2
1.8
1.6
1.4
161
MOROCCO
Population: 32 521 143
Mexico
25
Alcohol 20
Adult (15+) per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
15
Patterns of drinking score
10
Excise taxes
Beer:
Wine:
0.9
Spirits:
5
0
2001
2002 OF
2003
2004 2005
LAWS AND PREVENTION PROGRAMMES BY
TYPE
VIOLENCE
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Partial
Yeartimes
Full KEY No response/ dont know Once/few
Larger scale
Implementation
Enforcement Child maltreatment prevention programmes
18 / 18
Home visiting
YES
YES
YES
Parenting education
YES
Training to recognise / avoid sexually
abusive situations
NO
YES
16
NO ()
Other 28%
Mentoring8
YES
6
After-school
supervision
YES
4
School anti-bullying
YES
2
Intimate partner violence laws
Intimate partner violence prevention programmes
Strangulation 6%
0
Blunt force
Against rape in marriage
NO22%
Dating violence
schools
2001 prevention
2002 2003 in
2004
2005 2006 2007 YES
2008 2009 2010 2011
YES
Allowing removal of violent spouse from home YES
Microfinance and gender equity trainingYear
Montenegro
Against contact sexual violence without rape YES
YES
Physical environment changes
Professional
5
NO
Strangulation 13%
Residential3 care policies
YES
NO
YES
VICTIM SERVICES
2
Year
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment YES
Morocco
2007
Other 9%
Sharp force 70%
Unknown 3%
2
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
2001
2010
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
2009
2011
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Burn 1%
Strangulation 3%
YES
YES
YES
2008
YES
Source: Police
Mozambique
7
opulation
162
6
5
Firearm 70%
VICTIMBlunt
LAWS
force 4%
YES
YES
Rate per 1
Firearm 68%
Blunt force 1%
Sharp force 12%
10
5
MOZAMBIQUE
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Mongolia
2001
12
Alcohol 10
Adult (15+)8 per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
Patterns of6 drinking score
LEAST RISKY
Excise taxes
Beer:
YES
Wine: YES
4
0
Sharp force 9%
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
Burn 1%
Strangulation 3%
VICTIM LAWS
Providing for
victim
Blunt
forcecompensation
14%
Providing for victim legal representation
NO
YES
VICTIM0.8
SERVICES
0.6
Adult protective
services
0.4
0.2
Child protection
services
0
Medico-legal
for sexual
2001services
2002 2003
2004 violence
2005 2006
Mental health services
2007
Year
DATA ON VIOLENCE
1
2010
2011
Youth violence
prevention programmes
5
Pre-school4 enrichment
YES
Life skills and social development training
YES
3
Mentoring
NO
2 supervision
After-school
YES
School anti-bullying
NO
1
Intimate partner
violence
prevention
programmes
0
2001 prevention
2002 2003 in
2004
2005 2006 2007 YES
2008
Dating violence
schools
Microfinance and gender equity training Year
YES
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Sexual violence prevention programmes
School and college programmes
YES
Physical environment changes
NO
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Elder abuse
2 prevention programmes
1.8 awareness campaigns
Professional
YES
1.6
Public information
campaigns
YES
1.4
Caregiver1.2support
NO
Residential1 care policies
NO
2009
NO
YES
YES
2008
YES
2009
2010
2011
2009
2010
2011
Elder abuse NO
Firearm 70%
2008
Parenting education
YES
YES
YES
YES
Blunt force 4%
2007
Year
18 / 18
NO
YES
NO
YES (YES)
2006
Partial
2.3
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
NO
NO
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Rate per 100 000 population
DA
TA
NO
TA
VA
ILA
BL
7
6
5
4
3
OT
AN
DAT
2
1
0
2001
2002
2003
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Myanmar
Albania
Subnational.
Other 6%
Part VIII Country profiles
Firearm
2%
Burn 1%
Unknown
2%
Strangulation 1%
population
pulation
2004
Year
LE
ILAB
AVA
2.5
8
27
6
163
Rate per 1
MYANMAR
Strangulation 6%
2
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Montenegro
Income inequality:
Alcohol 4
Adult (15+)3 per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
Patterns of drinking score
2
Excise taxes
Beer: YES
Wine: YES
YES
YES1
Strangulation 3%
Parenting education
Training to recognise / avoid sexually
abusive situations
2007
2008
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
VICTIM LAWS
2009
2010
2011
Larger scale
Implementation
YES
YES
YES
2
1.8
Youth violence
prevention programmes
1.6
Pre-school
enrichment
YES
1.4
Life skills1.2and social development training
YES
Mentoring1
YES
0.8
After-school
NO
0.6 supervision
School anti-bullying
YES
0.4
Intimate 0.2
partner violence prevention programmes
0
Dating violence
schools
2001 prevention
2002 2003 in
2004
2005 2006 2007 YES
2008
20 / 20
NO
YES
NO
YES (YES)
2006
Yeartimes
Once/few
Partial
0.7
Spirits: YES
1
0
2001
2002 OF
2003
2004 2005
LAWS AND PREVENTION PROGRAMMES BY TYPE
VIOLENCE
YES1
YES1
YES
YES
2009
2010
2011
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
2008
YES
2011
VICTIM SERVICES
YES1
YES
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment NO
Myanmar
2007
Year
2009
2010
Elder abuse NO
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
2.5
Firearm 2%
Unknown 2%
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
2001
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
2002
Source: Police
Nepal
Subnational.
164
Unknown 13%
Firearm 4%
Sharp force 21%
opulation
4.5
4
3.5
Blunt force 4%
Firearm 70%
Sharp force 9%
NEPAL
2
1
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Morocco
1.8
Alcohol 1.6
1.4
Adult (15+)
1.2 per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
Patterns of1 drinking score
LEAST RISKY
0.8
Excise taxes
Beer: YES
Wine: YES
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
2006
2007
2008
2007
NO
NO
YES
2008
YES
2009
2.2
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
2010
2011
NO
YES
Parenting education
YES
Training to recognise / avoid sexually
abusive situations
NO
NO
NO ()
7
Youth violence prevention programmes
6
YES
NO
Pre-school5 enrichment
YES
YES
Life skills and social development training
Mentoring4
NO
3 supervision
After-school
NO
2
School anti-bullying
NO
1
Intimate partner violence laws
Intimate partner
violence prevention programmes
Against rape in marriage
YES
prevention in schools
NO
0
Dating violence
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Allowing removal of violent spouse from home NO
Microfinance
and gender equity training
YES
Year
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Myanmar
NO
Against
contact sexual violence without rape YES
Physical environment changes
YES
Against non-contact sexual violence
YES
Social and cultural norms change
Firearm
Against elder abuse
in2%
institutions
NO
Public information
campaigns
NO
2
Unknown 2%
Caregiver support
NO
YES
YES
VICTIM SERVICES
1
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment NO
Nepal
2009
2010
2011
Year
Elder abuse NO
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Firearm 4%
Sharp force 21%
Other 25%
Burn 2%
Strangulation 11%
Unknown 13%
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Netherlands
Other 16%
Firearm 34%
pulation
Unknown 3%
1.4
1.2
165
Data collection by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Health and Population.
VICTIM LAWS
NO
NO
Strangulation 3%
Blunt force 14%
NETHERLANDS
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Mozambique
18 / 18
YES
YES
YES
YES (YES)
NO
NO
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Other 21%
Other 25%
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2.5
2.5
2009
2010
2011
VICTIM SERVICES
2
Burn 2%
Strangulation 11%
YES
YES
Blunt force 24%
1.5
Adult protective
services
1
Child protection
services
0.5
Medico-legal
services for sexual violence
0
2001services
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Mental health
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment YES
2010
Trends in homicides
Firearm 34%
Other 16%
Strangulation 8%
Blunt force 8%
2009
2011
Year
Mechanism of homicide1
Unknown 3%
2007
YES
YES
YES
2008
YES
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
New Zealand
Other 44%
Firearm 16%
ulation
166
1.8
1.6
1.4
Data collection by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Miinistry of Health, Welfare and Sport.
VICTIM LAWS
Netherlands
2006
YES
Parenting education
Partial
9.9
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
YES
YES
Alcohol 5
Adult (15+) per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
4
Patterns of drinking score
LEAST RISKY
3
Excise taxes
Beer: YES
Wine: YES
0 TYPE OF VIOLENCE
LAWS AND PREVENTION PROGRAMMES BY
Rate per 10
NEW ZEALAND
Population: 4 459 852
3
2
1
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Myanmar
YES
YES
Alcohol
1.5 per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
Adult (15+)
Patterns of drinking score
LEAST RISKY
1
Excise taxes
Beer: YES
Wine: YES
10.9
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
0.5
0
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
VICTIM0.6
SERVICES
YES
NO
0.4
Adult protective
services
0.2
Child protection
services
Medico-legal
services for sexual violence
0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Mental health
services
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment NO
New Zealand
Firearm 16%
Other 44%
2009
2010
2011
Elder abuse NO
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Nicaragua
Subnational.
Firearm 48%
opulation
2007
Year
YES
YES
YES
2008
YES
Data collection by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Social Development .
VICTIM
LAWS 8%
Strangulation
Yeartimes
No response/dont know Limited
Partial
Full KEY No response/ dont know Once/few
Larger scale
Implementation
Child maltreatment laws
Enforcement Child maltreatment prevention programmes
Legal age of marriage (male/female)
18 / 18
Home visiting
YES
Nepal
Against
child marriage
YES
YES
Parenting education
Unknown 13%
Ban on corporal punishment (all settings)
YES (YES)
4.5
4
Youth violence laws
Youth violence
prevention programmes
Sharp force 21%
3.5 enrichment
Against weapons on school premises
YES
YES
Pre-school
Other 25%
Mentoring2
YES
After-school
YES
1.5 supervision
School anti-bullying
YES
1
0.5
Intimate partner violence
laws
Intimate
partner
violence
prevention
programmes
Burn 2%
Blunt force 24%
0
Against rape in marriage Strangulation 11%
YES
prevention in schools
YES
Dating violence
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
NO
Netherlands
YES
Against contact sexual violence without rape YES
Physical environment changes
Caregiver 1support
YES
16
14
12
167
Rate per 10
Other 21%
NICARAGUA
1
0.5
0
2001
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Nepal
2002
Alcohol 3.5
3
Adult (15+)
per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
2.5
Patterns of2 drinking score
LEAST RISKY
Excise taxes
Beer: YES
Wine: YES
1.5
1
0
Strangulation 8%
Intimate partner
violence
laws
Blunt
force 8%
SharpYES
force 31%
Against rape in marriage
Allowing removal of violent spouse from home YES
Sexual violence laws
Against rape
New Zealand
Against contact sexual violence without rape
Against non-contact sexual violence
Elder abuse laws
Against elder abuse
Otherin44%
Against elder abuse
institutions
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
YES
YES
YES
YESFirearm 16%
YES
VICTIM LAWS
1.4
Youth violence
prevention programmes
1.2
Pre-school1 enrichment
YES
Life skills and social development training
YES
0.8
Mentoring
YES
0.6
After-school
supervision
YES
0.4
School anti-bullying
YES
Intimate 0.2
partner violence prevention programmes
0
Dating violence
prevention in schools
YES
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Microfinance and gender equity training
YES
Year
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Sexual violence prevention programmes
School and college programmes
YES
Physical environment changes
YES
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Elder abuse prevention programmes
1.8
Professional
awareness campaigns
YES
1.6
Public information
campaigns
YES
1.4
Caregiver1.2support
NO
Residential1 care policies
YES
2009
2010
2011
VICTIM0.8
SERVICES
YES
YES
0.6
Adult protective
services
0.4
Child protection
services
0.2
Medico-legal
services for sexual violence
0
2001services
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Mental health
Child maltreatment NO
Firearm 48%
2010
Elder abuse NO
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
2009
2011
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Other 14%
Year
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Nicaragua
2007
NO
YES
YES
2008
YES
Source: Police
Niger
168
Data collection by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
YES
YES
/
YES
YES
YES
Firearm
34%
YES (NO)
2006
YES
Parenting education
Partial
5
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
0.5
TYPE
VIOLENCE
Strangulation 11%LAWS AND PREVENTION PROGRAMMES BY
2001
2002OF2003
2004 2005
YES
YES
Other 25%
NIGER
Burn 2%
Strangulation 11%
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Year
2009
2010
2011
Netherlands
National
action plans
Interpersonal violence YES
Child maltreatment
YES
Youth violence
YES 3%
Intimate partner violence
NO
Unknown
Firearm 34%
Sexual violence
YES
Elder abuse
YES
Firearms
Other 16%
Laws to regulate civilian access
YES
Mandatory background check
YES
Handguns/long guns/ automatic weapons
YES/YES/YES
Strangulation
Carrying
firearms in8%public
YES
Programmes to reduce civilian firearm possession and use
YES
1.4
Alcohol 1.2
Adult (15+)1 per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
Patterns 0.8
of drinking score
Excise taxes
Beer: YES
Wine: YES
0.6
0.3
Spirits: YES
0.4
18 / 16
YES
YES
YES
YES (NO)
YESFirearm 16%
YES
2001 dont
2002 know
2003 2004
2005 2006 times
2007
2008 2009
Implementation
Enforcement Child maltreatment prevention programmes
Year
Home visiting
NO
YES
Parenting education
YES
YES
YES
YES
NO
Firearm 48%
VICTIM LAWS
Providing for victim compensation
Providing for victim legal representation
YES
YES
Youth violence
prevention programmes
1.8
Pre-school
enrichment
NO
1.6
Life skills1.4and social development training
YES
1.2
Mentoring
YES
1 supervision
After-school
YES
0.8
School anti-bullying
YES
0.6
Intimate 0.4
partner violence prevention programmes
Dating violence
prevention in schools
NO
0.2
0 and gender equity training
Microfinance
YES
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Year
Sexual violence prevention programmes
School and college programmes
YES
Physical environment changes
YES
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Elder abuse prevention programmes
Professional awareness campaigns
NO
16
Public information
campaigns
NO
Caregiver14support
YES
12
Residential
care policies
YES
2009
2010
2011
10
VICTIM SERVICES
8
Adult protective
services
6
Child protection
services
4
Medico-legal
services for sexual violence
2
Mental health
services
0
DATA ON VIOLENCE
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
NO
YES
YES
YES
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Child maltreatment NO
Data collection by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Public Health.
Partial
Blunt force 8%
Elder abuse NO
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
YEAR
VA
ILA
BL
Afghanistan
Niger
YES
NO
TA
NO
TA
2011
DA
2012
OT
AN
LE
ILAB
AVA
5.5
4.8
Albania
Nigeria
Other 6%
Part VIII Country profiles
Strangulation 1%
pulation
Burn 1%
7
6
169
Strangulation 8%
NIGERIA
Blunt force 8%
0.6
0.4
0.2
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
New Zealand
1.6
Alcohol 1.4
1.2 per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
Adult (15+)
Patterns of1 drinking score
LEAST RISKY
0.8
Excise taxes
Beer:
YES
Wine: YES
0.6
0.2
18 / 18
YES
YES
YES1
YES (NO)
Firearm 48%
YES
YES
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Parenting education
NO
YES
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO
2009
2010
VICTIM SERVICES
NO
YES
NO
YES
YES
YES
DATA ON VIOLENCE
National prevalence surveys for non-fatal violence
Youth violence NO
Intimate partner violence YES
Sexual violence YES
Elder abuse NO
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
VA
ILA
BL
Nigeria
Afghanistan
2011
TA
OT
AN
LE
ILAB
AVA
DA
TA
NO
DAT
Norway
Albania
Subnational.
170
Other 6%
Firearm 11%
Burn 1%
Strangulation
Unknown1%
3%
pulation
pulation
1.28
17
6
Data collection by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Federal Ministry of Health.
VICTIM LAWS
16
Partial
10.1
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
0.4
40%
0 TYPE OF VIOLENCE
LAWSSharp
ANDforce
PREVENTION
PROGRAMMES BY
NO
NO
NORWAY
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
14
Alcohol 12
Adult (15+)
10 per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
Patterns of8 drinking score
LEAST RISKY
Excise taxes
Beer:
YES
Wine: YES
6
Partial
18 / 18
YES
YES
YES
YES (YES)
YES
YES
7.7
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
4
2
NO
NO
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
YES
Parenting education
abusive situations
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
YES
YES
VICTIM LAWS
VICTIM SERVICES
NO
YES
YES
YES
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment NO
Norway
Mechanism of homicide
Unknown 3%
Sharp force 61%
Strangulation 14%
Blunt force 7%
1.2
Firearm 11%
Other 4%
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Elder abuse NO
Source: Police
Oman
1.6
opulation
1.4
1.2
171
Data collection by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Health and Care Services .
Nicaragua
OMAN
10
8
6
4
2
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Year
2010
2011
Income inequality:
Niger
National
action plans
Interpersonal violence NO
Child maltreatment
YES1
Youth violence
NO
Intimate partner violence
NO
Sexual violence
NO
Elder abuse
NO
Firearms
Laws to regulate civilian access
YES
Mandatory background check
YES
Handguns/long guns/ automatic weapons
YES/YES/YES
Carrying firearms in public
YES
Programmes to reduce civilian firearm possession and use
YES
YES1
NO
0.9
Spirits: NO
18 / 18
YES
YES
NO
NO ()
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
NO
Unknown 3%
Other 4%
YES
Parenting education
YES
Pre-school enrichment
YES
Life skills and social development training
Mentoring
YES
After-school supervision
YES
School anti-bullying
YES
YES
Social and cultural norms change
1
Caregiver support
YES
VICTIM LAWS
YES
VICTIM0.6
SERVICES
Blunt force 7%
Adult protective
services
0.4
Child protection
services
0.2
Medico-legal services for sexual violence
0
Mental health
services
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment NO
Oman
2009
2010
2011
Elder abuse NO
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Other 63%
Firearm 4%
1.6
Unknown 4%
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
2001
Year
2007
YES
2008
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Palestine
Subnational.
172
ation
6
5
Partial
PANAMA
Population: 3 802 281
Alcohol 0.8
Adult (15+) per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
0.6
Patterns of drinking score
LEAST RISKY
0.4
Excise taxes
Beer: YES
Wine: YES
0
YES
YES
Other 63%
Firearm 4%
Intimate partnerUnknown
violence4%laws
Against rape in marriage
YES
Allowing removal of violent spouse from home YES
Sexual violence laws
Against rape
Palestine
Against
contact sexual violence without rape
Against non-contact sexual violence
Elder abuse laws
Against elder abuse
Against elder
abuse in2%
institutions
Strangulation
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
Sharp
force 20%
VICTIM
LAWS
Firearm 78%
Child maltreatment NO
2008
2009
2010
2011
NO
YES
1.6
1.4
Youth violence
prevention programmes
1.2 enrichment
Pre-school
YES
1
Life skills and
social development training
YES
0.8
Mentoring
YES
0.6 supervision
After-school
NO
0.4
School anti-bullying
YES
Intimate 0.2
partner violence prevention programmes
0
Dating violence
prevention in schools
YES
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Microfinance and gender equity training
YES
Year
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Sexual violence prevention programmes
School and college programmes
YES
Physical environment changes
YES
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Elder abuse prevention programmes
6
Professional awareness campaigns
YES
5
Public information campaigns
NO
Caregiver 4support
YES
Residential3 care policies
YES
VICTIM SERVICES
2
2007
YES
YES
YES
2008
YES
2009
2010
2011
2009
2010
Year
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Panama
2007
/
YES
YES
YES (YES)
2006
YES
Parenting education
YES
Partial
8
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
0.2
YES1
2011
Elder abuse NO
Norway
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Firearm 77%
25
Unknown 2%
Other 2%
Blunt force 3%
20
15
10
5
0
2001
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Source: Police
Subnational.
12
pulation
2003
Year
2002
10
173
Rate per 10
Strangulation 14%
0.4
0.2
0
2001
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Oman
2002
1.4
1.2
Alcohol
1
Adult (15+) per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
0.8
Patterns of drinking score
LEAST RISKY
0.6
Excise taxes
Beer: YES
Wine: YES
0.4
Firearm 78%
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
Blunt force 3%
VICTIMSharp
LAWS
force 16%
NO
YES
Firearm 77%
2011
2009
2010
2011
VICTIM 10SERVICES
Adult protective
services
5
Child protection services
0
Medico-legal
services for sexual violence
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Mental health services
2007
Year
2010
Youth violence
prevention programmes
5
Pre-school enrichment
NO
4
Life skills and social development training
YES
Mentoring3
YES
After-school
NO
2 supervision
School anti-bullying
YES
1
Intimate partner violence prevention programmes
0
Dating violence
schools
NO
2001 prevention
2002 2003 in
2004
2005 2006 2007 2008
Microfinance and gender equity training
NO
Year
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Sexual violence prevention programmes
School and college programmes
YES
Physical environment changes
YES
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Elder abuse
prevention
programmes
25
Professional awareness campaigns
NO
20
Public information
campaigns
NO
Caregiver support
NO
15
Residential care policies
NO
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment NO
2009
YES
YES
YES
2008
YES
2009
2010
2011
Elder abuse NO
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
DA
TA
NO
TA
VA
ILA
BL
12
10
8
6
OT
AN
DAT
4
2
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
LE
ILAB
AVA
Source: Police
174
Other 6%
Unknown
Burn 1%9%
Other
Strangulation
1%5%
Firearm 57%
pulation
opulation
Peru
Albania
14
8
127
106
2008
NO
Parenting education
Training to recognise / avoid sexually
abusive situations
YES
YES
YES
2007
18 / 16
YES
YES
NO
YES (NO)
2006
Partial
3
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
0.2
2001TYPE
2002 OF
2003
2004 2005
LAWS AND PREVENTION PROGRAMMES BY
VIOLENCE
YES
NO
Rate per 1
Other 63%
Firearm 4%
0.4
0.2
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Palestine
PERU
Unknown 4%
0.6
Alcohol 4
Adult (15+) per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
3
Patterns of drinking score
LEAST RISKY
2
Excise taxes
Beer: YES
Wine: NO
8.1
MOST RISKY
Spirits: NO
1
0
2001TYPE
2002 OF
2003
2004 2005
LAWS AND PREVENTION PROGRAMMES BY
VIOLENCE
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Partial
Yeartimes
Full KEY No response/ dont know Once/few
Larger scale
Implementation
Enforcement Child maltreatment prevention programmes
16 / 16
Home visiting
YES
YES
Parenting education
YES
YES
Training to recognise / avoid sexually
abusive situations
NO
YES
25
NO ()
Pre-school enrichment
YES
NO
Mentoring
YES
10
After-school supervision
YES
10
campaigns
YES
Against elder abuse in institutions
YES
Public information
Caregiver 8support
YES
NO
YES
VICTIM SERVICES
4
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment NO
Peru
2007
Year
2009
2010
2011
Elder abuse NO
Trends in homicides
Firearm 57%
Blunt force 7%
Sharp force 17%
Mechanism of homicide
Unknown 9%
Other 5%
Burn 2%
Strangulation 3%
YES
YES
YES
2008
YES
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
2001
2002
2003
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
2004
Philippines
Subnational.
Firearm 56%
opulation
18
16
14
175
Data collection by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Directorate General of Health Promotion.
VICTIM LAWS
YES
NO
Firearm 78%
PHILIPPINES
2
1
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Panama
20
Alcohol
15 per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
Adult (15+)
Patterns of drinking score
LEAST RISKY
10
Excise taxes
Beer: YES
Wine: YES
5.4
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
0
LAWS AND PREVENTION PROGRAMMES BY
TYPE
VIOLENCE
2001
2002 OF
2003
2004 2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
YES
YES
Parenting education
YES
Training to recognise / avoid sexually
abusive situations
NO
YES
NO ()
12
Youth violence prevention programmes
10
YES
YES
Pre-school enrichment
NO
Mentoring6
YES
After-school
YES
4 supervision
School anti-bullying
YES
2
Intimate partner violence laws
Intimate partner violence prevention programmes
0
Against rape in marriage
YES
prevention in schools
NO
Dating violence
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
YES
Allowing removal of violent spouse from home YES
Microfinance and gender equity trainingYear
Peru
YES
Against
contact sexual violence without rape YES
Physical environment changes
Public
information
campaigns
Other 5%
Caregiver10support
YES
Burn 2%
Residential8 care policies
YES
Strangulation 3%
Rate per 100 000 population
6
VICTIM SERVICES
YES
YES
4
Adult protective
services
2
Child protection
services
Medico-legal
services for sexual violence
0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Mental health
services
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment YES1
Unknown 0.5%
Other 2.5%
Firearm 56%
2010
2011
Elder abuse NO
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Poland
Subnational.
176
Firearm 4%
Other 8%
pulation
2009
18
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Rate per 100 000 population
Philippines
2007
Year
NO
YES
YES
2008
3.5
3
VICTIM Blunt
LAWS
force 7%
Partial
NO
NO
Rate per 10
Firearm 77%
POLAND
10
5
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Papua New Guinea ACTION PLANS, POLICIES AND LAWS RELEVANT TO SEVERAL TYPES OF VIOLENCE
National social and educational policies
Incentives provided for high-risk youth to complete schooling
12
Housing polices
to de-concentrate poverty
Rate per 100 000 population
10
Alcohol 8
Adult (15+) per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
6
Patterns of drinking score
LEAST RISKY
4
Excise taxes
Beer: YES
Wine: YES
12.5
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
2
0
2001
2002 OF
2003
2004 2005
LAWS AND PREVENTION PROGRAMMES BY
TYPE
VIOLENCE
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Partial
Yeartimes
Full KEY No response/ dont know Once/few
Larger scale
Implementation
Enforcement Child maltreatment prevention programmes
16 / 16
Home visiting
YES
YES
YES
Parenting education
YES
Training to recognise / avoid sexually
YES
YES
abusive situations
14
YES (YES)
Firearm 57%
Youth violence
prevention programmes
12
YES
YES
Pre-school10 enrichment
Strangulation 3%
Mentoring6
YES
Blunt force 7%
After-school supervision
YES
4
School anti-bullying
YES
2
Sharp violence
force 17%laws
Intimate partner
Intimate partner violence prevention programmes
0
Against rape in marriage
YES
schools
NO 2009 2010 2011
Dating violence
2001 prevention
2002 2003 in
2004
2005 2006 2007 2008
NO
Philippines
Against contact sexual violence without rape YES
NO
Professional
NO
16 awareness campaigns
Against elder abuse
in institutions
NO
Public information
campaigns
YES
Other 2.5%
14
Caregiver12support
NO
10 care policies
Residential
NO
YES
YES
VICTIM SERVICES
6
Adult protective
services
4
2
Child protection
services
0
Medico-legal
services for sexual violence
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Mental health services
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment YES
Poland
2007
Year
2009
2010
2011
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Firearm 4%
Strangulation 11%
Other 8%
NO
YES
YES
2008
YES
VICTIM LAWS
YES
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
2001
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
2002
Source: Police
Firearm 22%
opulation
Portugal
3
2.5
177
Rate per 10
PORTUGAL
4
2
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
12
Alcohol 10
Adult (15+)8 per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
Patterns of6 drinking score
LEAST RISKY
Excise taxes
Beer:
YES
Wine: NO
4
0
Firearm 56%
YES
NO
Sharpviolence
force 41%
Intimate partner
laws
Against rape in marriage
YES
Allowing removal of violent spouse from home YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
Strangulation 11%
VICTIM LAWS
YES
YES
16 / 16
YES
YES
YES (YES)
Child maltreatment NO
2008
2009
2010
2011
18
2009
2010
2011
VICTIM1.5
SERVICES
Adult protective
services
1
0.5
Child protection
services
0
Medico-legal
services for sexual violence
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Mental health
services
2007
Year
NO
YES
YES
2008
YES
2009
2010
2011
Trends in homicides
Firearm 22%
Mechanism of homicide
Unknown 57%
2007
16
Youth violence
prevention programmes
14 enrichment
Pre-school
YES
Life skills12and social development training
YES
10
Mentoring8
YES
After-school
YES
6 supervision
School anti-bullying
YES
4
2
Intimate partner
violence prevention programmes
0
Dating violence
prevention in schools
YES
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Microfinance and gender equity training Year
YES
Social and cultural norms change
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Portugal
2006
Yeartimes
Full KEY No response/ dont know Once/few
Larger scale
Implementation
Enforcement Child maltreatment prevention programmes
Home visiting
YES
Parenting education
YES
Partial
12.9
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
YES
YES1
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
2005
Qatar
Subnational.
178
Data collection by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by General Directorate of Health.
Peru
2006
Rate per 10
Blunt force 7%
Sharp force 17%
4
2
QATAR
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Philippines
14
Alcohol 12
Adult (15+)
10 per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
Patterns of8 drinking score
Excise taxes
Beer:
Wine:
6
2
0
YES
Strangulation 11%
Intimate partner
laws
Bluntviolence
force 14%
Against rape in marriage
YES
YES
YES
Firearm 22%
YES
NO
VICTIMUnknown
LAWS57%
YES
Blunt force 4%
YES
Other 4%
2007
2009
2010
2011
Youth violence
prevention programmes
3.5
Pre-school3 enrichment
YES
Life skills2.5and social development training
YES
Mentoring2
YES
1.5 supervision
After-school
YES
1
School anti-bullying
YES
Intimate0.5
partner violence prevention programmes
0
Dating violence
prevention in schools
NO
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Microfinance and gender equity training
NO
Year
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Sexual violence prevention programmes
School and college programmes
YES
Physical environment changes
YES
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Elder abuse prevention programmes
3
Professional awareness campaigns
YES
2.5
Public information campaigns
YES
Caregiver 2support
YES
Residential
care
policies
YES
1.5
2009
2010
2007
Year
DATA ON VIOLENCE
YES
YES
YES
2008
YES
2011
VICTIM SERVICES
Child maltreatment
2008
2009
2010
2011
Data collection by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Supreme Council of Health.
18 / 16
YES
YES
NO
YES (YES)
2006
Yeartimes
Full KEY No response/ dont know Once/few
Larger scale
Implementation
Enforcement Child maltreatment prevention programmes
Home visiting
YES
YES
Parenting education
YES
Partial
1.5
Spirits:
YES
YES
16
Qatar
Afghanistan
2006
Elder abuse
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
TA
VA
ILA
BL
Other 17%
TA
NO
DAT
DA
Burn 17%
LE
ILAB
AVA
Other 6%
Part VIII Country profiles
Burn 1%
Strangulation 1%
Firearm 3%
pulation
opulation
Moldova
Albania
14
8
12
7
10
6
179
Rate per 10
REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA
Population: 3 514 381
8
6
4
2
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
3.5
Alcohol 3
2.5 per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
Adult (15+)
Patterns of2 drinking score
LEAST RISKY
1.5
Excise taxes
Beer: YES
Wine: YES
1
18 / 18
YES
YES
NO
YES (YES)
Firearm 22%
YES
NO
Unknown 57%
Blunt force 4%
Intimate partner violence laws
Other
Against rape in marriage
YES 4%
Allowing removal of violent spouse from home YES
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
YES
Parenting education
NO
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
VICTIM LAWS
Partial
16.8
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
0.5
0
LAWS AND PREVENTION PROGRAMMES BY
TYPE OF VIOLENCE
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
NO
NO
2009
2010
2011
VICTIM SERVICES
NO
YES
YES
YES
YES
NO
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment YES
Moldova
Elder abuse NO
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Blunt force 1%
14
Firearm 3%
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
2001
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Source: Police
Romania
Subnational.
180
4.5
pulation
2003
Year
2002
4
3.5
Data collection by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Labour, Social Protection and Health.
Poland
Strangulation 11%
ROMANIA
Blunt force 14%
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
2.5
Alcohol
Adult (15+)2 per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
Patterns 1.5
of drinking score
LEAST RISKY
Excise taxes
Beer:
YES
Wine: YES
1
18 / 18
YES
YES
YES
YES (YES)
YES
YES
2001
Burn 17%
YES
YES
YES
YESFirearm 3%
YES
VICTIM LAWS
Other 81%
2002
2003
2004
2005
Romania
2007
2009
2010
2011
YES
6
VICTIM SERVICES
4
Adult protective
services
2
Child protection
services
0
Medico-legal
services for sexual violence
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Mental health services
2007
YES
YES
YES
2008
YES
2009
2010
2011
Year
Elder abuse NO
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Blunt force 10%
Strangulation 5%
Firearm 3%
Other 20%
4.5
2008
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment YES
2006
YES
Parenting education
Partial
14.4
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
0.5
0 TYPE OF VIOLENCE
LAWSOther
AND4%PREVENTION PROGRAMMES BY
YES
NO
Portugal
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Unknown 34%
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
2006
Russia
Firearm 25%
pulation
20
18
16
14
181
Unknown 57%
RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Population: 143 169 653
1.5
1
0.5
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Qatar
YES
NO
15.1
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
Firearm 3%
YES
YES
Other 81%
YES
YES
YES
Blunt force 10%
NO
NO
Strangulation 5%
Firearm 3%
VICTIM LAWS
Unknown 34%
14
Youth violence
prevention programmes
12
Pre-school10 enrichment
NO
Life skills 8and social development training
YES
Mentoring6
NO
After-school supervision
NO
4
School anti-bullying
NO
2
Intimate partner violence prevention programmes
0
Dating violence
schools
2001 prevention
2002 2003 in
2004
2005 2006 2007 YES
2008
Microfinance and gender equity training
NO
Year
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Sexual violence prevention programmes
School and college programmes
NO
Physical environment changes
YES
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Elder abuse prevention programmes
4.5
Professional
YES
4 awareness campaigns
Public information
campaigns
YES
3.5
Caregiver 3support
YES
2.5 care policies
Residential
YES
2
VICTIM1.5
SERVICES
Adult protective
services
1
Child protection
services
0.5
0
Medico-legal
services for sexual violence
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Mental health services
Russia
2009
2010
2011
2009
2010
Year
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment
2007
NO
YES
YES
2008
YES
2011
Elder abuse
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Unknown 13%
Other 5%
Burn 4%
Strangulation 4%
Firearm 25%
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Rwanda
Subnational.
182
Sharp force 7%
Strangulation 17%
pulation
2005
5
4.5
4
3.5
18 / 18
YES
YES
NO
YES (NO)
NO
Parenting education
Training to recognise / avoid sexually
abusive situations
YES
Partial
Burn 17%
RWANDA
Population: 11 457 801
12
Alcohol 10
Adult (15+)8 per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
Patterns of6 drinking score
LEAST RISKY
Excise taxes
Beer: YES
Wine: YES
4
0
YES Strangulation 5%
YES
Other 20%
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
VICTIM LAWS
Other 5%
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
4.5
4
Youth violence
prevention programmes
3.5
Pre-school enrichment
YES
3
Life skills2.5and social development training
YES
Mentoring2
YES
After-school
YES
1.5 supervision
1
School anti-bullying
YES
Intimate0.5
partner violence prevention programmes
0
Dating violence
schools
2001 prevention
2002 2003 in
2004
2005 2006 2007 YES
2008
Microfinance and gender equity training
YES
Year
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Sexual violence prevention programmes
School and college programmes
YES
Physical environment changes
YES
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Elder abuse
prevention
programmes
20
Professional
YES
18 awareness campaigns
16
Public information
campaigns
YES
Caregiver14support
YES
12
Residential
YES
10 care policies
21 / 21
YES
YES
NO
YES
(YES)
Blunt force 10%
2006
YES
Parenting education
YES
Firearm 3%
Partial
9.8
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
2001
2002 OF
2003
2004 2005
LAWS AND PREVENTION PROGRAMMES BY
TYPE
VIOLENCE
YES
NO
2009
2010
2011
8
VICTIM SERVICES
YES
YES
Blunt force 29%
Adult protective
services
4
Child protection
services
2
0 services for sexual violence
Medico-legal
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Mental health services
2010
2011
Elder abuse NO
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Strangulation 17%
Other 54%
Burn 22%
Sharp force 7%
5
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
2009
Year
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment NO
2007
YES
YES
YES
2008
YES
Moldova
Rwanda
Source: Police
Samoa
Part VIII Country profiles
183
Other 81%
Rate per
Blunt force 1%
2
0
SAMOA
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Romania
Income inequality:
3.5
Alcohol 2.5
Adult (15+)2 per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
Patterns 1.5
of drinking score
LEAST RISKY
1
Excise taxes
Beer:
Wine:
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Other 5%
Burn 4%
Strangulation 4%
Sharp
force 7%
Elder abuse laws
Against elder abuse
NO
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
18
16
Youth violence
prevention programmes
14
Pre-school12enrichment
NO
Life skills10and social development training
NO
Mentoring8
NO
6
After-school
supervision
NO
4
School anti-bullying
YES
2
0
Intimate partner
violence prevention programmes
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Dating violence prevention in schools
YES
Microfinance and gender equity training Year
YES
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Sexual violence prevention programmes
School and college programmes
YES
Physical environment changes
YES
Social and cultural norms change
YES
5
Elder abuse
prevention programmes
4.5
Professional
NO
4 awareness campaigns
3.5
Public information
campaigns
NO
Caregiver 3support
NO
2.5
Residential2 care policies
NO
2009
2010
2011
VICTIM1.5
SERVICES
NO
Burn 22%
YES
Adult protective
services
0.5
Child protection
services
0
2001services
2002 2003
2004 violence
2005 2006
Medico-legal
for sexual
Mental health services
Year
2007
NO
YES
2008
YES
YES
2009
2010
DATA ON VIOLENCE
National prevalence surveys for non-fatal violence
Youth violence NO
Intimate partner violence YES
Sexual violence YES
Samoa
Child maltreatment YES
Afghanistan
2011
Elder abuse NO
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
YEAR
TA
VA
ILA
BL
2009
D
LE
ILAB
AVA
8.6
8.6
DA
TA
NO
2010
ATA
NOT
2013
3.2
184
Other 6%
Burn 1%
Strangulation 1%
0opulation
population
San Marino
Albania
4
3.58
37
2.56
VICTIM LAWS
18 / 16
YES
YES
YES
YES (YES)
2007
NO
Parenting education
Training to recognise / avoid sexually
NO
abusive situations
20
Partial
3.6
MOST RISKY
Spirits:
0.5
NO
NO
Rate per 1
Other 20%
1.5
1
0.5
SAN MARINO
Unknown 34%
2001
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Population: 31 247
Russia
2002
Income inequality:
NO
NO
16
Alcohol 14
12
Adult (15+)
10 per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
Patterns of8 drinking score
6
Excise taxes
Beer: YES
Wine: NO
4
2
0
2001
2006
2007
2008
2009
Spirits: YES
2010
2011
Yeartimes
No response/dont know Limited
Partial
Full KEY No response/ dont know Once/few
Larger scale
Implementation
Child maltreatment laws
Enforcement Child maltreatment prevention programmes
Legal age of marriage (male/female)
18 / 18
Home visiting
NO
Rwanda
Against
child marriage
YES
NO
Parenting education
Against statutory rape
YES
Training to recognise / avoid sexually
Against female genital mutilation
YES
NO
abusive situations
Sharp
force 7%
5
Ban on corporal punishment (all settings)
YES (YES)
4.5
Youth violence laws
Youth violence
prevention programmes
4
3.5 enrichment
Against weapons on school premises
YES Strangulation 17%
NO
Pre-school
54% group membership
NO
Against gangOther
or criminal
YES
Life skills2.53and social development training
Mentoring2
YES
1.5 supervision
After-school
YES
1
School anti-bullying
YES
0.5
Burn 22%
Intimate partner violence laws
Intimate partner
violence
prevention
programmes
0
2001 prevention
2002 2003 in
2004
2005 2006 2007 YES
2008 2009 2010 2011
Against rape in marriage
YES
schools
Dating violence
NO
Samoa
YES
Against contact sexual violence without rape YES
Physical environment changes
YES
Against non-contact sexual violence
YES
Social and cultural norms change
VICTIM SERVICES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
DATA ON VIOLENCE
National prevalence surveys for non-fatal violence
Youth violence NO
Intimate partner violence NO
Sexual violence NO
Child
maltreatment NO
San
Marino
Afghanistan
Elder abuse NO
Trends in homicides2
Mechanism of homicide1
DA
T
NO
TA
VA
ILA
BL
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
DAT
1
0.5
0
2001
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Source: Police
Sao Tome
No homicides
were recorded for the year 2011, and therefore there is no data on mechanisms.
Albania
Zero homicides were reported for the years 2001, and 2003 to 2011.
Other 6%
Firearm 10%
Sharp force 10%
opulation
2002
Year
LE
LAB
VAI
A
NOT
7
6
185
Data collection by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Secretary of State, Health and Social Security.
VICTIM LAWS
Other 5%
Burn 4%
Strangulation 4%
2002
2003
2004
2005
2007
2008
Year
2009
2010
2011
1.5
1
0.5
0
14 / 14
YES
YES
YES
YES (YES)
YES
YES
YES
YES
NO
VICTIM LAWS
Providing for victim compensation
Providing for victim legal representation
2008
2009
2010
2011
YES
YES
VICTIM1.5SERVICES
Adult protective
services
1
Child protection
services
0.5
Medico-legal
services for sexual violence
0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Mental health
services
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment NO
2007
NO
Parenting education
Training to recognise / avoid sexually
YES
abusive situations
YES
YES
2006
7.1
MOST RISKY
Spirits: NO
2007
NO
YES
NO
2008
NO
2009
2010
2011
Year
Elder abuse NO
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Firearm 10%
Sharp force 10%
Other 60%
Blunt force 10%
Burn 10%
YEAR
2011
4.2
2012
2.6
2013
5.3
Saudi Arabia
186
Data collection by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Health and Social Affairs.
Partial
NO
NO
4.5
Alcohol3.54
Adult (15+)
3 per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
Patterns2.5
of drinking score
LEAST RISKY
2
Excise taxes
Beer: NO
Wine: NO
Sao Tome
2006
Rwanda
10
8
6
4
2
0
2001
SAUDI ARABIA
Burn 22%
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Year
2010
2011
Income inequality:
Samoa
YES
Alcohol
Adult (15+) per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
Patterns of drinking score
Excise taxes
Beer:
Wine:
0.2
Spirits:
Parenting education
YES
YES
YES
YES
Burn 10%
Youth violence
prevention programmes
3.5
Pre-school3 enrichment
YES
Life skills2.5and social development training
YES
Mentoring2
YES
After-school
YES
1.5 supervision
School anti-bullying
YES
1
Intimate0.5partner violence prevention programmes
0
Dating violence
prevention in schools
NO
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Microfinance
and gender equity training
NO
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Year
Sexual violence prevention programmes
School and college programmes
YES
Physical environment changes
YES
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Elder abuse prevention programmes
Professional awareness campaigns
YES
Public information campaigns
YES
Caregiver support
YES
Residential care policies
YES
Rate per 100 000 population
2009
2010
VICTIM SERVICES
Adult protective services
Child protection services
Medico-legal services for sexual violence
Mental health services
YES
YES
YES
YES
DATA ON VIOLENCE
National prevalence surveys for non-fatal violence
Youth violence
Intimate partner violence
Sexual violence
Child maltreatment
Elder abuse
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
TA
OT
AN
LE
ILAB
AVA
VA
ILA
BL
Afghanistan
Saudi
Arabia
2011
DA
TA
NO
DAT
Albania
Senegal
Other 6%
Part VIII Country profiles
Strangulation 1%
pulation
Burn 1%
7
6
187
SENEGAL
Population: 13 726 021
San Marino
Alcohol2.5
Adult (15+)
2 per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
Patterns1.5of drinking score
LEAST RISKY
Excise taxes
Beer: YES
Wine: YES
1
Other 60%
Partial
18 / 18
YES
YES
YES
Firearm
10%
YES (YES)
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Full KEY No response/ dont know Once/few
times Larger scale
Implementation
Enforcement Child maltreatment prevention programmes
Home visiting
NO
YES
Parenting education
Burn 10%
Intimate partner violence laws
Against rape in marriage
YES
Allowing removal of violent spouse from home YES
0.6
MOST RISKY
Spirits: NO
0.5
NO
NO
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
NO
YES
VICTIM SERVICES
NO
YES
YES
YES
DATA ON VIOLENCE
National prevalence surveys for non-fatal violence
Youth violence NO
Intimate partner violence NO
Sexual violence YES1
Child maltreatment NO
Senegal
Afghanistan
Elder abuse NO
Trends in homicides
VA
ILA
BL
Mechanism of homicide
TA
OT
AN
LE
ILAB
AVA
DA
TA
NO
DAT
Serbia
Albania
Subnational.
188
Other 6%
Unknown
9%
Burn 1%
Strangulation 1%
Firearm 40%
population
pulation
3
8
2.5
7
26
Data collection by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Health and Social Action.
VICTIM LAWS
Rate per 1
1.5
1
0.5
0
SERBIA
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Sao Tome
YES
YES
12.6
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
YES
Parenting education
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
NO
YES
VICTIM LAWS
VICTIM SERVICES
YES
YES
YES
YES
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment YES
Serbia
Mechanism of homicide1
Other 42%
Firearm 40%
Strangulation 9%
Unknown 9%
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Seychelles
Blunt and sharp force were reported as one category, and are included in other. Firearm includes deaths
reported as due to "explosives".
14
population
12
10
189
Other 60%
Blunt force 10%
SEYCHELLES
Burn 10%
Population: 92 339
Saudi Arabia
NO
NO
5.6
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
18 / 18
YES
YES
NO
YES ()
YES
Parenting education
YES
YES1
NO
YES
YES
YES
Firearm 40%
YES
NO
VICTIM LAWS
VICTIM SERVICES
NO
Strangulation 9%
YES
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment NO
Seychelles
2007
YES
YES
YES
2008
YES
2009
2010
2011
Year
Elder abuse NO
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Strangulation 38%
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
2001
2002
2003
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Singapore
Subnational.
190
Other 13%
0.9
pulation
2005
Year
2004
0.8
0.7
Partial
SINGAPORE
Population: 5 303 264
Senegal
NO
YES
2
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
YES
YES
Parenting education
YES
Training to recognise / avoid sexually
abusive situations
NO
YES
NO ()
3
Firearm 40%
Youth violence prevention programmes
2.5
YES
NO
Pre-school enrichment
YES
YES
Life skills 2and social development training
Mentoring
YES
1.5
After-school
supervision
YES
1
School anti-bullying
YES
0.5
Strangulation 9%
Intimate partner violence laws
Intimate partner violence prevention programmes
Other 42%
0
Against rape in marriage
YES
prevention in schools
YES
Dating violence
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Allowing removal of violent spouse from home YES
NO
Seychelles
Against
contact sexual violence without rape YES
YES
Physical environment changes
Public information
campaigns
YES
8 care policies
Residential
YES
6
VICTIM SERVICES
NO
YES
4
Adult protective
services
2
Child protection
services
Medico-legal
services for sexual violence
0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Mental health
services
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment NO
Singapore
2007
YES
YES
YES
2008
YES
2009
2010
2011
Year
Elder abuse NO
VICTIM LAWS
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Strangulation 12%
0.9
Other 13%
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
2001
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
2002
Source: Police
Slovakia
Firearm 9%
pulation
Other 26%
Part VIII Country profiles
3.5
3
191
SLOVAKIA
Population: 5 445 757
Income inequality: 26
2.5
Alcohol
2
Adult (15+)
per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
Patterns1.5
of drinking score
LEAST RISKY
Excise taxes
Beer:
YES
Wine: YES
1
YES
YES
YES
NO
Sharp force 44%
Strangulation 12%
VICTIM LAWS
YES
YES
2009
2010
2011
14
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment YES
2009
2010
2011
2007
YES
YES
YES
2008
YES
2009
2010
2011
Year
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Firearm 9%
Burn 1%
Strangulation 8%
Sharp force 35%
Other 26%
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
2001
2002
2003
2008
VICTIM0.4SERVICES
Slovakia
2007
17 / 17
YES
YES
YES
YES (YES)
2006
YES
Parenting education
Partial
13
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
0.5
0
LAWS AND PREVENTION PROGRAMMES BY
TYPE OF VIOLENCE
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
YES
YES1
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Source: Civil and Vital Registration
Slovenia
Subnational.
Other 11%
ulation
192
2
1.8
1.6
Other 42%
Serbia
National
action plans
Interpersonal violence YES
Child maltreatment
YES
Youth violence
YES
Intimate partner violence
YES
Firearm 40%
Sexual violence
YES
Elder abuse
YES
Unknown 9%
Firearms
Laws to regulate civilian access
YES
Mandatory background check
YES
Handguns/long guns/ automatic weapons
YES/YES/YES
Carrying firearms in public
YES
Strangulation
9%
Programmes to reduce civilian firearm possession and
use
YES
Strangulation 9%
SLOVENIA
Other 42%
1.5
1
0.5
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Seychelles
12
Alcohol 10
Adult (15+)
per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
8
Patterns of drinking score
LEAST RISKY
6
Excise taxes
Beer: YES
Wine: YES
4
11.6
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
0
LAWS AND PREVENTION PROGRAMMES BY
TYPE OF VIOLENCE
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Partial
2006
2007
2008
2007
YES
YES
YES
2008
YES
2009
2010
2011
2010
2011
YES
YES
Parenting education
YES
Training to recognise / avoid sexually
YES
YES
abusive situations
NO ()
0.9
Youth violence
prevention programmes
0.8
Sharp force 44%
NO
Pre-school
YES
0.7 enrichment
YES
YES
Life skills0.6and social development training
0.5
Strangulation 12%
Mentoring
YES
0.4
After-school
supervision
YES
0.3
School anti-bullying
YES
0.2
Intimate partner violence laws
Intimate0.1
partner violence prevention programmes
0
Against rape in marriage
YES
prevention in schools
YES
Dating violence
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Blunt force
31%
and gender equity training
NO
Slovakia
YES
Against
contact sexual violence without rape YES
Physical environment changes
YES
Against non-contact sexual violence
YES
Social and cultural norms change
3
Against elder abuse in institutions
NO
Public information
campaigns
YES
Caregiver2.5support
YES
Burn 1%
Residential
YES
2 care policies
Strangulation 8%
VICTIM1.5SERVICES
Adult protective
services
1
Child protection
services
0.5
Medico-legal
services for sexual violence
0
2001 services
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Mental health
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment NO
Slovenia
Firearm 63%
Other 11%
2
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Elder abuse NO
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Strangulation 10%
2009
Year
VICTIM LAWS
YES
NO
Solomon Islands
Part VIII Country profiles
ulation
6
5
193
Rate per 10
SOLOMON ISLANDS
4
2
0
2001
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Singapore
2002
Income inequality:
0.8
0.7
Alcohol 0.6
0.5 per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
Adult (15+)
Patterns0.4
of drinking score
LEAST RISKY
0.3
Excise taxes
Beer:
Wine:
0.2
1.7
MOST RISKY
Spirits:
0.1
0
2001TYPE
2002 OF
2003
2004 2005
Blunt force 31%
LAWS AND PREVENTION PROGRAMMES BY
VIOLENCE
Partial
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year times
Once/few
YES
YES
Parenting education
YES
Training to recognise / avoid sexually
abusive situations
NO
YES
Firearm
3.5
NO () 9%
3
Youth violence
prevention programmes
NO
Pre-school
YES
2.5 enrichment
NO
Strangulation 8%
Mentoring
NO
1.5
After-school
supervision
NO
1
Sharp force 35%
School anti-bullying
NO
0.5
Intimate partner
violence
laws
Intimate
partner
violence
prevention
programmes
Blunt force 21%
0
Against rape in marriage
YES
Dating violence
schools
NO 2009 2010 2011
2001 prevention
2002 2003 in
2004
2005 2006 2007 2008
Allowing removal of violent spouse from home YES
Slovenia
NO
Professional
NO
Public information
campaigns
NO
Caregiver1.4
support
NO
1.2
Firearm 63%
Residential
NO
1 care policies
Strangulation 10%
VICTIM0.8SERVICES
NO
YES
0.6
Adult protective
services
0.4
0.2
Child protection
services
0
Medico-legal
services for sexual violence
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Mental health services
Year
2007
NO
YES
YES
2008
YES
2009
2010
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment
Solomon
Islands NO
Afghanistan
2011
Elder abuse NO
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Rate per 100 000 population
DA
TA
NO
TA
VA
ILA
BL
6
5
4
3
OT
AN
LE
ILAB
AVA
DAT
1
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
South Africa
Albania
Subnational.
194
Other 6%
Burn 1%
Strangulation 1%
Firearm 33%
opulation
pulation
Source: -
45
408
357
306
VICTIM LAWS
NO
NO
Rate per 10
SOUTH AFRICA
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0.4
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Alcohol2.5
Adult (15+)
2 per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
Patterns1.5
of drinking score
LEAST RISKY
Excise taxes
Beer:
YES
Wine: YES
1
0
18 / 18
YES
YES
NO
YES (NO)
YES
YES
Strangulation 10%
Firearm 63%
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
VICTIM LAWS
Providing for victim compensation
Providing for victim legal representation
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
1.8
Youth violence
prevention programmes
1.6
Pre-school
enrichment
YES
1.4
Life skills1.2and social development training
YES
Mentoring1
YES
0.8 supervision
After-school
YES
0.6
School anti-bullying
YES
0.4
Intimate0.2
partner violence prevention programmes
0
Dating violence
prevention in schools
YES
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Microfinance and gender equity trainingYear
YES
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Sexual violence prevention programmes
School and college programmes
YES
Physical environment changes
YES
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Elder abuse
prevention
programmes
6
Professional awareness campaigns
YES
5
Public information campaigns
YES
Caregiver4support
YES
Residential
YES
3 care policies
VICTIM SERVICES
2
2007
YES
YES
YES
2008
YES
2009
2010
Child maltreatment NO
Firearm 33%
2009
2010
Elder abuse NO
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
2001
2002
Sources. Mechanism: National Injury Mortality Surveillance System/ Reported homicides: Police
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Reported homicides (2012/2013) N= 16259, Rate= 31.1/100 000 (80% M, 15% F)3
2011
45
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide2
Unknown 0.2%
Other 2.8%
Burn 2%
Strangulation 3%
2011
DATA ON VIOLENCE
South Africa
2011
Year times
Full KEY No response/ dont know Once/few
Larger scale
Implementation
Enforcement Child maltreatment prevention programmes
Home visiting
YES
Parenting education
YES
YES
Partial
11
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
0.5
YES
NO
Slovakia
2011
Year
Source: Police
Subnational.
For Gauteng Province (an urban setting) only.
The reported total of 95% leaves 5% of cases undetermined as to whether male or female.
195
SPAIN
Population: 46 754 541
NO
NO
11.2
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
YES
Parenting education
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES1
NO
YES
YES
VICTIM LAWS
VICTIM SERVICES
YES
YES
YES
YES
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment YES
Spain
Mechanism of homicide
Firearm 17%
Other 10%
Burn 1%
Strangulation 9%
Blunt force 6%
1.6
Unknown 16%
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Sudan
Subnational.
196
Data collection by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Health, Social Policies and Equity.
SUDAN
Population: 37 195 349
NO
NO
2.7
MOST RISKY
Spirits:
/
NO
YES
YES
YES (NO)
Parenting education
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
NO
Firearm 17%
NO
Other 10%
VICTIM LAWS
Burn 1%
YES
YES
Blunt force 6%
VICTIM SERVICES
0.8
Adult protective
services
0.6
Child protection
services
0.4
0.2 services for sexual violence
Medico-legal
0 services
Mental health
2001
DATA ON VIOLENCE
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
NO
YES
YES
YES
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Child maltreatment NO
Elder abuse NO
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
VA
ILA
BL
Afghanistan
Sudan
Data collection by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Federal Ministry of Health.
Partial
TA
OT
AN
LE
ILAB
AVA
DA
TA
NO
DAT
Albania
Swaziland
Burn 1%
Strangulation 1%
pulation
tion
Other 6%
Part VIII Country profiles
8
25
7
6
197
SWAZILAND
Population: 1 230 985
NO
NO
5.7
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
YES
YES
Parenting education
YES
Training to recognise / avoid sexually
abusive situations
NO
YES
1.6
NO
() 17%
Firearm
1.4
Youth violence
prevention programmes
1.2
NO
Pre-school enrichment
YES
1
NO
0.8
Burn 1%
Mentoring
YES
0.6
After-school
supervision
0.4
Strangulation 9%
School
anti-bullying
NO
Dating violence
schools
Year
Allowing removal of violent spouse from home
Sudan
YES
Against contact sexual violence without rape YES
Physical environment changes
Caregiver support
NO
VICTIM SERVICES
NO
YES
NO
YES
YES
YES
DATA ON VIOLENCE
National prevalence surveys for non-fatal violence
Youth violence NO
Intimate partner violence NO
Sexual violence YES
Swaziland
Afghanistan
Elder abuse NO
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
DA
TA
NO
TA
VA
ILA
BL
25
20
15
10
OT
AN
DAT
5
0
2001
LE
ILAB
AVA
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
198
Other
Other 16%
6%
Burn 1%
Strangulation 1%
Firearm 27%
pulation
opulation
Sweden
Albania
1.4
8
1.2
7
61
VICTIM LAWS
Providing for victim compensation
Providing for victim legal representation
SWEDEN
Population: 9 511 313
Income inequality: 25
1.4
1.2
Alcohol
1
Adult (15+)
per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
0.8
Patterns of
drinking score
LEAST RISKY
0.6
Excise taxes
Beer:
YES
Wine: YES
0.4
Partial
18 / 18
YES
YES
YES
YES (YES)
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
YES
NO
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
10
VICTIM SERVICES
VICTIM LAWS
Providing for victim compensation
Providing for victim legal representation
YES
YES
Adult protective
services
5
Child protection services
0
Medico-legal
for sexual
2001services
2002 2003
2004 violence
2005 2006
Mental health services
Year
2007
YES
YES
YES
2008
YES
2009
2010
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment YES
Sweden
2011
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Other 16%
Strangulation 11%
Blunt force 7%
1.4
Firearm 27%
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
2001
Sources. Mechanism: National Board of Health and Welfare/ Reported homicides: Police
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
2011
Year
YES
Parenting education
9.2
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
0.2
2001
2002OF2003
2004 2005
LAWS AND PREVENTION PROGRAMMES BY
TYPE
VIOLENCE
YES
YES1
Switzerland
Subnational.
Unknown 7%
1.4
Firearm 29%
pulation
Other 4%
Part VIII Country profiles
1.2
1
199
Data collection by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Health and Social Affairs.
Blunt force 6%
Spain
Strangulation 9%
Burn 1%
Sharp force 41%
SWITZERLAND
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
2001
Blunt force 6%
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Sudan
NO
NO
10.7
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES1
Firearm 27%
Strangulation 11%
VICTIM LAWS
25
2009
2010
2011
VICTIM SERVICES
0.6
Providing for
victim
Blunt
forcecompensation
7%
Providing for victim legal representation
YES
YES
Adult protective
services
0.4
Child protection
services
0.2
Medico-legal
services for sexual violence
0
2001 services
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Mental health
Switzerland
2009
2010
Year
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment NO
2007
NO
YES
YES
2008
YES
2011
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Unknown 7%
Other 4%
1.4
Firearm 29%
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
2001
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Source: Police
Macedonia
Subnational.
200
Firearm 38%
ulation
2002
Year
Data collection by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Federal Office of Public Health.
18 / 18
YES
YES
YES
YES (YES)
YES
Parenting education
Partial
TAJIKISTAN
10
5
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
1.2
Alcohol 1
Adult (15+) per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
0.8
Patterns of drinking score
LEAST RISKY
0.6
Excise taxes
Beer: YES
Wine: YES
0.4
Firearm 29%
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
Firearm 38%
YES
Sharp force 3%
VICTIM LAWS
Other 45%
2002
2003
2004
2005
Child maltreatment NO
YES
2009
2010
2011
2009
2010
2011
2
Adult protective
services
Child protection
services
1
Medico-legal
0 services for sexual violence
2001 services
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Mental health
2007
Year
YES
YES
YES
2008
YES
3
VICTIM SERVICES
2009
2010
2011
Elder abuse NO
Trends in homicides
3.5
Unknown 5%
Other 26%
2008
1.4
Mechanism of homicide
Firearm 8%
2007
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Tajikistan
2006
18 / 18
YES
YES
YES
YES (YES)
2001
NO
Parenting education
Training to recognise / avoid sexually
YES
abusive situations
Partial
2.8
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
0.2
0 TYPE OF VIOLENCE
LAWS
AND
PREVENTION
PROGRAMMES BY
Sharp
force
39%
YES
YES
Sweden
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
2001
Strangulation 13%
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
2002
Source: Police
Thailand
Unknown
Part VIII Country
profiles11%
pulation
Strangulation 2%
Other 2%
8
7
201
Blunt force 7%
THAILAND
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
1.2
Alcohol 1
Adult (15+)0.8per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
Patterns of drinking score
LEAST RISKY
0.6
Excise taxes
Beer: YES
Wine: YES
0.4
17 / 17
YES
YES
NO
YES (NO)
Firearm 38%
YES
YES
Sharp force 3%
Other 45%
Blunt force 14%
Intimate partner violence laws
Against rape in marriage
YES
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
YES
Parenting education
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
VICTIM LAWS
Youth violence
prevention programmes
6
Pre-school 5enrichment
NO
Life skills and social development training
YES
4
Mentoring
YES
3
After-school supervision
NO
2
School anti-bullying
YES
1
Intimate partner
violence prevention programmes
0
Dating violence
prevention in schools
YES
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Microfinance and gender equity training
NO
Year
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Sexual violence prevention programmes
School and college programmes
YES
Physical environment changes
YES
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Elder abuse prevention programmes
3.5
Professional awareness campaigns
YES
3
Public information campaigns
NO
Caregiver2.5
support
YES
Residential2 care policies
YES
Rate per 100 000 population
Partial
7.1
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
0.2
0 TYPE OF VIOLENCE
LAWS AND PREVENTION PROGRAMMES BY
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
NO
NO
2009
2010
2011
1.5
VICTIM SERVICES
Strangulation 13%
1
Adult protective
services
0.5
Child protection
services
0 services for sexual violence
Medico-legal
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Mental health services
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment YES1
2007
Year
YES
YES
YES
2008
YES
2009
2010
2011
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Unknown 11%
Firearm 66%
Strangulation 2%
Other 2%
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
2001
2002
2003
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
2004
Subnational.
Blunt force 5%
Strangulation 2%
pulation
202
40
35
Data collection by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Public Health.
Switzerland
2007
Year
Thailand
2006
Swaziland
16 / 16
YES
YES
YES
YES ()
Blunt force 7%
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
YES
YES
YES
YES
NO Firearm 29%
1.4
Youth violence
prevention programmes
1.2
Pre-school 1enrichment
YES
Life skills and social development training
YES
0.8
Mentoring
YES
0.6
After-school
supervision
YES
0.4
School anti-bullying
YES
0.2
Intimate partner
violence prevention programmes
0
Dating violence
prevention in schools
YES
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Microfinance and gender equity trainingYear
YES
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Sexual violence prevention programmes
School and college programmes
YES
Physical environment changes
YES
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Elder abuse prevention programmes
1.4
Professional
awareness campaigns
YES
1.2
Public information
campaigns
YES
1
Caregiver support
NO
0.8 care policies
Residential
NO
2009
2010
2011
0.6
VICTIM SERVICES
YES
YES
0.4
Adult protective
services
Child protection
services
0.2
Medico-legal
0 services for sexual violence
2001 services
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Mental health
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment YES
2007
Year
YES
YES
YES
2008
YES
2009
2010
2011
VICTIM
LAWS
Blunt
force 31%
2006
Year times
Full KEY No response/ dont know Once/few
Larger scale
Implementation
Enforcement Child maltreatment prevention programmes
Home visiting
YES
YES
Parenting education Training to recognise /
Partial
6.7
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
YES
NO
20
Alcohol
Adult (15+)15per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
Patterns of10drinking score
LEAST RISKY
Excise taxes
Beer: YES
Wine: YES
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Firearm 38%
Sharp force 3%
Other 45%
Blunt force 14%
Macedonia
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
2001
2002
2003
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
2004
Tajikistan
Unknown 5%
3.5
pulation
3
2.5
203
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Income inequality:
Macedonia
Firearms
Laws to regulate civilian access
YES
Mandatory background check
Sharp force 3% YES
Handguns/long
YES/YES/YES
Other guns/
45% automatic weapons
Carrying firearms in public
YES
Programmes to reduce civilian firearm possession andBlunt
useforce 14%
NO
Alcohol 5
Adult (15+)4per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
Patterns of drinking score
LEAST RISKY
3
Excise taxes
Beer: YES
Wine: YES
2
6.7
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
0 TYPE OF VIOLENCE
LAWS AND PREVENTION PROGRAMMES BY
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Partial
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
YES
YES
Parenting education
YES
Training to recognise / avoid sexually
abusive situations
NO
YES
NO
()force 31%
3.5
Sharp
Youth violence
prevention programmes
3
NO
Pre-school2.5enrichment
YES
2
Mentoring
YES
1.5
After-school
supervision
YES
1
School anti-bullying
YES
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Strangulation 13%
YES
Allowing removal of violent spouse from home YES
Microfinance and gender equity trainingYear
Thailand
YES
Against
contact sexual violence without rape YES
Physical environment changes
YES
Against non-contact sexual violence
YES
Social and cultural norms change
Professional
awareness campaigns
YES
Strangulation 2%
8
Against elder abuse in institutions
Public information
campaigns
YES
7
Other 2%
Caregiver support
YES
6
Residential5 care policies
YES
4
VICTIM SERVICES
YES
Adult protective
services
2
Child protection
services
1
Medico-legal
0 services for sexual violence
2001 services
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Mental health
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment
2007
Year
YES
YES
YES
2008
YES
2009
2010
2011
Elder abuse
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Sharp force 14%
Strangulation 2%
Burn 1%
Unknown 1%
Firearm 77%
45
Blunt force 5%
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
2001
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
2002
Source: Police
Tunisia
Other 38%
0.3
Firearm 2%
lation
204
0.25
VICTIM LAWS
NO
NO
TUNISIA
Sharp force 3%
Other 45%
2
1
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Alcohol 2.5
Adult (15+)2per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
Patterns of1.5drinking score
LEAST RISKY
Excise taxes
Beer:
YES
Wine: YES
1
0
YES
YES
Firearm 66%
2%
Burn 1%
Unknown 1%
VICTIM LAWS
Providing for victim compensation
Firearmlegal
77%representation
Providing for victim
2008
2009
2010
2011
NO
YES
9
8
Youth violence
prevention programmes
Pre-school 7enrichment
YES
6
Life skills and social development training
NO
5
Mentoring 4
NO
After-school
YES
3 supervision
School anti-bullying
YES
2
1
Intimate partner
violence prevention programmes
0
Dating violence
prevention
NO
2001 2002
2003 in
2004schools
2005 2006 2007 2008
Microfinance and gender equity trainingYear
YES
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Sexual violence prevention programmes
School and college programmes
YES
Physical environment changes
YES
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Elder abuse prevention programmes
45
Professional
awareness campaigns
YES
40
Public information
campaigns
YES
35
Caregiver 30support
YES
25 care policies
Residential
YES
20
VICTIM SERVICES
15
Adult protective
services
10
Child protection
services
5
0 services for sexual violence
Medico-legal
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Mental health services
Year
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Tunisia
2007
18 / 18
YES
YES
YES
YES (YES)
2006
Year times
Full KEY No response/ dont know Once/few
Larger scale
Implementation
Enforcement Child maltreatment prevention programmes
Home visiting
YES
YES
Parenting education
Partial
1.5
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
0.5
LAWS
AND PREVENTION
PROGRAMMES BY
TYPE
VIOLENCE
2001
2002OF
2003
2004 2005
Strangulation
13%
No response/dont know Limited
Child maltreatment laws
Legal age of marriage (male/female)
Against
child marriage
Thailand
Against statutory rape
Against female genital mutilation
11%(all settings)
Ban on corporal Unknown
punishment
Strangulation
Youth violence
laws 2%
Other
Against weapons
on 2%
school premises
Against gang or criminal group membership
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
2007 2008
YES
2009
2010
2011
2009
2010
2011
Elder abuse NO
Tajikistan
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Other 38%
Firearm 2%
Burn 5%
Strangulation 8%
Blunt force 5%
0.3
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Turkey
Unknown 12%
pulation
Other 14%
4
3.5
3
205
Other 26%
TURKEY
1.5
1
0.5
0
2001
Strangulation 13%
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Thailand
YES
NO
Alcohol 7
Adult (15+)6per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
5
Patterns of4drinking score
LEAST RISKY
Excise taxes
Beer:
YES
Wine: YES
3
2
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
2
1
0 TYPE OF VIOLENCE
LAWS AND PREVENTION PROGRAMMES BY
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
2006
2007
2008
2007
YES
YES
YES
YES
2008
2009
2010
2011
2010
2011
VICTIM0.15
SERVICES
8%
ProvidingStrangulation
for victim compensation
YES
YES
Sharp force 42%
Adult protective
services
0.1
Child protection
services
0.05
Medico-legal services for sexual violence
0
Mental health
2001services
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment NO
Turkey
2009
Year
Elder abuse
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Unknown 12%
Other 14%
Blunt force 2%
Firearm 50%
Strangulation 2%
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
2001
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
2002
Source: Police
Tuvalu
ulation
206
20
18
16
VICTIM LAWS
Parenting education
YES
Against child marriage
YES
YES
Sharp
Ban on corporal punishment (all settings)
NOforce
() 14%
45
Youth violence laws
Youth violence
prevention programmes
40
Blunt force 5%
Against weapons on school premises
YES Strangulation 2%
YES
Pre-school35enrichment
Burn 1%
Mentoring25
YES
20
Unknown 1%
After-school
supervision
NO
15
School anti-bullying
YES
10
Firearm
77% laws
Intimate partner
violence
Intimate partner
violence prevention programmes
5
0
Against rape in marriage
YES
prevention in schools
NO
Dating violence
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
YES
Allowing removal of violent spouse from home YES
Microfinance and gender equity trainingYear
Against
contact sexual violence without rape YES
Physical environment changes
Tunisia
YES
Against non-contact sexual violence
YES
Social and cultural norms change
Professional
0.3 awareness campaigns
campaigns
YES
Against elder abuse in institutions
YES
Public information
0.25
Firearm 2%
Caregiver support
YES
0.2
Residential
care policies
YES
Burn 5%
Rate per 10
Firearm 66%
TUVALU
4
3
2
1
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Population: 9 860
Income inequality:
Trinidad and TobagoACTION PLANS, POLICIES AND LAWS RELEVANT TO SEVERAL TYPES OF VIOLENCE
National social and educational policies
Incentives provided for high-risk youth to complete schooling
45
Housing polices
to de-concentrate poverty
Rate per 100 000 population
40
35
Alcohol 30
Adult (15+)25 per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
Patterns of20 drinking score
LEAST RISKY
15
Excise taxes
Beer: YES
Wine: YES
1.5
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
10
5
0
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Partial
Year times
Full KEY No response/ dont know Once/few
Larger scale
Implementation
Enforcement Child maltreatment prevention programmes
18 / 18
Home visiting
NO
YES
YES
Parenting education
YES
Training to recognise / avoid sexually
YES
YES
abusive situations
NO ()
0.3
Youth violence prevention programmes
0.25
YES Firearm 2% Pre-school enrichment
NO
Burn 5%
Mentoring
YES
0.15
After-school supervision
YES
Strangulation 8%
0.1
School anti-bullying
YES
0.05
Intimate partner
violence
laws
Intimate
partner
violence
prevention
programmes
Blunt force 5%
Sharp
Against rape in marriage
YES force 42% Dating violence
prevention in schools
NO
0
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
gender
equity training
YES
Allowing removal of violent spouse from home YES
Microfinance2001and2002
Year
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Turkey
Against
contact sexual violence without rape YES
YES
Physical environment changes
Unknown 12%
Elder abuse laws
Elder abuse prevention programmes
4
Against elder abuse
YES
awareness campaigns
YES
Professional
3.5
Against elder abuse in institutions
NO
Public information
campaigns
YES
3
Other 14%
Caregiver2.5
support
YES
Firearm 50%
Strangulation 2%
YES
YES
VICTIM SERVICES
1.5
1
Adult protective
services
0.5
Child protection
services
0 services for sexual violence
Medico-legal
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Mental health services
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment NO
Other 50%
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
2001
2009
2010
Elder abuse NO
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
2011
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Rate per 100 000 population
Tuvalu
2007
Year
NO
YES
YES
2008
Blunt force 2%
VICTIM LAWS
NO
NO
Source: Police
pulation
Uganda
20
18
16
14
207
20
Rate per 10
Unknown 1%
Firearm 77%
UGANDA
15
10
5
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
0.25
Alcohol
Adult (15+)0.2per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
Patterns 0.15
of drinking score
LEAST RISKY
Excise taxes
Beer:
YES
Wine: YES
0.1
YES
YES
Blunt force 2%
Firearm 50%
Strangulation 2%
YES
NO
YES
YES
NO
Other 50%
2002
2003
2004
2005
VICTIM LAWS
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
4
3.5
Youth violence
prevention programmes
Pre-school 3enrichment
YES
Life skills 2.5
and social development training
YES
Mentoring 2
YES
1.5 supervision
After-school
YES
1
School anti-bullying
YES
0.5
Intimate partner
violence prevention programmes
0
Dating violence
schools
NO
2001 prevention
2002 2003 in
2004
2005 2006 2007 2008
Microfinance and gender equity trainingYear
NO
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Sexual violence prevention programmes
School and college programmes
YES
Physical environment changes
YES
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Elder abuse prevention programmes
20
Professional
YES
18 awareness campaigns
16
Public information
campaigns
YES
14
Caregiver support
YES
12
Residential10care policies
YES
2009
2010
2011
YES
YES
Adult protective
services
4
Child protection
services
2
0 services for sexual violence
Medico-legal
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Mental health services
2007
Year
DATA ON VIOLENCE
E
VA
ILA
BL
TA
NO
TA
DA
2009
2010
2011
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
2001
YEAR
NUMBER OF HOMICIDES
2009
2010
OT
AN
LE
ILAB
AVA
DAT
2669
2013
2002
2003
2004
2753
1761
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
NO
YES
YES
2008
YES
8
VICTIM SERVICES
Uganda
Afghanistan
2006
18 / 18
YES
YES
YES
YES (YES)
2001
YES
Parenting education
Partial
9.8
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
0.05
0 TYPE OF VIOLENCE
LAWS AND PREVENTION PROGRAMMES BY
NO
NO
Source: Police
Subnational.
Other 6%
Burn 1%
Strangulation 1%
pulation
208
7
6
Tunisia
2006
Year
Burn 5%
Strangulation 8%
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Year
2010
2011
Income inequality:
Turkey
3.5
Alcohol 3
Adult (15+)2.5per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
Patterns of2drinking score
Excise taxes
Beer:
Wine:
1.5
4.3
Spirits:
1
0.5
0 TYPE OF VIOLENCE
LAWS AND PREVENTION PROGRAMMES BY
2001
Partial
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2007
YES
YES
YES
2008
YES
2009
2010
2011
2010
2011
YES
YES
Parenting education
YES
Training to recognise / avoid sexually
abusive situations
NO
YES
NO ()
20
Youth violence
prevention programmes
18
YES
Pre-school16enrichment
14 social development training
YES
Life skills and
12
Sharp force 50%
Other 50%
Mentoring10
After-school8 supervision
6
School anti-bullying
4
Intimate partner violence laws
Intimate partner
violence
prevention
programmes
2
Against rape in marriage
NO
Dating violence
prevention in schools
0
2001and
2002
2003 equity
2004 training
2005 2006 2007 2008
Allowing removal of violent spouse from home
Microfinance
gender
NO 2009 2010 2011
Year
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Against
contact sexual violence without rape YES
Physical environment changes
Uganda
YES
Against non-contact sexual violence
YES
Social and cultural norms change
Professional
18
campaigns
14
Residential12care policies
NO
NO
10
VICTIM SERVICES
8
6
Adult protective
services
4
Child protection
services
2
Medico-legal
0 services for sexual violence
2001 services
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Mental health
Year
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment
Afghanistan
United Arab Emirates
Mechanism of homicide
2009
Elder abuse NO
VICTIM LAWS
YES
VA
ILA
BL
Trends in homicides
TA
OT
AN
LE
ILAB
AVA
DA
TA
NO
DAT
Albania
United Kingdom
Subnational.
Other 26%
Other 6%
Part VIII Country profiles
Burn 1%
Strangulation
1%3%
Burn
Unknown 4%
pulation
pulation
82
1.8
7
1.6
6
209
Blunt force 2%
Firearm 50%
Strangulation 2%
UNITED KINGDOM
Sharp force 20%
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
YES
YES1
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
YES
Parenting education
YES
YES
YES
YES1
YES1
YES
NO
VICTIM LAWS
20
Youth violence
prevention programmes
18
Pre-school16enrichment
YES
14
Life skills and
social
development
training
YES
12
Mentoring10
YES
After-school8 supervision
YES
6
School anti-bullying
YES
4
Intimate partner
violence
prevention
programmes
2
0
Dating violence
prevention in schools
YES
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Microfinance and gender equity training
NO
Year
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Sexual violence prevention programmes
School and college programmes
YES
Physical environment changes
YES
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Elder abuse prevention programmes
Professional awareness campaigns
YES
Public information campaigns
YES
Caregiver support
YES
Residential care policies
YES
2009
2010
2011
VICTIM SERVICES
YES
YES
YES
YES
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment YES
United Kingdom
Mechanism of homicide
Firearm 8%
Strangulation 9%
Unknown 4%
2
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Trends in homicides2
Other 26%
Burn 3%
Source: Police
Tanzania
210
ulation
30
25
Partial
11.6
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
YES
YES1
18
Tuvalu
10
8
6
4
2
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
18
16
Alcohol 14
Adult (15+)12per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
Patterns of10drinking score
LEAST RISKY
8
Excise taxes6
Beer: YES
Wine: YES
4
2
0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Uganda
7.7
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
2010
2011
Year times
Full KEY No response/ dont know Once/few
Larger scale
Implementation
Enforcement Child maltreatment prevention programmes
16 / 18
Home visiting
YES
YES
YES
Parenting education
YES
Training to recognise / avoid sexually
YES
YES
abusive situations
NO ()
Pre-school enrichment
YES
YES
Life skills and social development training
Mentoring
YES
After-school supervision
NO
School anti-bullying
NO
United
Kingdom
YES
Against
contact
sexual violence without rape YES
Physical environment changes
Other 26%
Elder abuse laws
Elder abuse2 prevention programmes
Unknown
Against elder abuse
NO 4%
Professional
YES
1.8 awareness campaigns
1.6
Against elder abuse
in
institutions
NO
Public
information
campaigns
YES
Burn 3%
1.4
Firearm 8%
Caregiver1.2
support
NO
Strangulation 9%
0.8
VICTIM SERVICES
NO
YES
0.6
Adult protective
services
0.4
0.2
Child protection
services
0 services for sexual violence
Medico-legal
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Mental health services
Year
2007
YES
YES
YES
2008
YES
2009
2010
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Tanzania
Afghanistan
2011
VICTIM LAWS
NO
YES
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
DA
TA
NO
TA
VA
ILA
BL
30
25
20
15
OT
AN
DAT
10
5
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
LE
ILAB
AVA
USA
Albania
Other 6%
Part VIII Country profiles
88
pulation
pulation
Burn 1%
Unknown
11%
Strangulation 1%
77
66
211
Rate per
8
6
4
2
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
YES1
YES
9.2
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
10
VICTIM SERVICES
YES
NO
5
Adult protective
services
Child protection
services
0
2001services
2002 2003
2004 violence
2005 2006
Medico-legal
for sexual
Year
Mental health services
2007
YES
YES
2008
YES
YES
2009
2010
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment YES
USA
Firearm 68%
Unknown 11%
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Other 5%
Burn 1%
Strangulation 3%
Blunt force 1%
2011
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Source: Civil and Vital Registration
Subnational.
Federal, state and local laws. The nature and extent of restrictions vary by state.
Aged 16 and older with parental consent; a few states allow children <16 to marry with parental consent and/or a court order.
Most states do not use the term "statutory rape" but have statutes addressing sexual activity involving minors.
Federal and state laws; federal law applies to specific interstate conduct that occurs in enumerated locations subject to federal jurisdictions.
27%
Federal and state laws but state law isSharp
primaryforce
source of
sanctions, remedies and protections.
Uzbekistan
212
Data collection by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
VICTIM LAWS
United
Kingdom
Against
child marriage
YES3
YES
Parenting education
2
Unknown
4%
1.8
Ban on corporal punishment (all settings)
YES1 (NO)
1.6
Youth violence laws
Youth violence
prevention programmes
Burn 3%
1.4
Firearm 8%
Against weapons on school premises
YES
YES
Pre-school1.2enrichment
Life
skills
and
YES
9%
Mentoring0.8
YES
0.6
After-school
YES
0.4 supervision
School anti-bullying
YES
0.2
Blunt force 10%
NO
Tanzania
Against contact sexual violence without rape YES5
YES
Physical environment changes
30 prevention programmes
Elder abuse laws
Elder abuse
Against elder abuse
YES6
YES
25 awareness campaigns
Professional
campaigns
YES
Against elder abuse in institutions
YES1
Public information
20
Caregiver support
YES
UZBEKISTAN
Population: 28 541 423
1.8
1.6
Alcohol 1.4
Adult (15+)1.2per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
Patterns of1drinking score
LEAST RISKY
0.8
Excise taxes
Beer:
Wine:
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
18 / 18
YES
YES
NO
YES (YES)
Other 5%
Burn 1%
Strangulation
VICTIM
LAWS 3%
force compensation
1%
ProvidingBlunt
for victim
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES1
NO Firearm 68%
YES
Uzbekistan
Afghanistan
2011
30
2009
2010
2011
Adult protective
services
2
Child protection
services
1
Medico-legal
services for sexual violence
0
2001 services
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Mental health
2007
NO
NO
NO
2008
YES
2009
2010
2011
Year
VICTIM SERVICES
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment NO
2010
Year times
Full KEY No response/ dont know Once/few
Larger scale
Implementation
Enforcement Child maltreatment prevention programmes
Home visiting
YES
YES
Parenting education
YES
4.6
MOST RISKY
Spirits:
Partial
YES
NO
Elder abuse NO
United Kingdom
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Sharp force 27%
VA
ILA
BL
Firearm 1%
Unknown 2%
TA
OT
AN
DAT
NO
TA
DA
Other 14%
LE
ILAB
AVA
Burn 3%
Strangulation 16%
Sources. Mechanism: Forensic Medical Service/ Reported homicides:
Vanuatu
Albania
Subnational.
Other 6%
Part VIII Country profiles
Strangulation 1%
pulation
Burn 1%
7
6
213
VANUATU
Strangulation 9%
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Income inequality:
Tanzania
National
action plans
Interpersonal violence NO
Child maltreatment
NO
Youth violence
NO
Intimate partner violence
NO
Sexual violence
NO
Elder abuse
NO
Firearms
Laws to regulate civilian access
YES
Mandatory background check
YES
Handguns/long guns/ automatic weapons
YES/YES/YES
Carrying firearms in public
YES
Programmes to reduce civilian firearm possession and use
NO
Alcohol 25
Adult (15+)20per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
Patterns of15drinking score
LEAST RISKY
Excise taxes
Beer:
Wine:
10
18 / 18
YES
YES
NO
YES (NO)
2001
NO
YES
Burn 1%
Strangulation 3%
Blunt force 1%
Firearm 68%
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
-* Parenting education
NO
NO
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO
VICTIM LAWS
8
Youth violence
prevention programmes
7
Pre-school enrichment
NO
6
Life skills and social development training
NO
5
Mentoring
NO
4
After-school supervision
NO
3
School anti-bullying
NO
2
Intimate partner
violence
prevention
programmes
1
Dating violence
prevention in schools
NO
0
2001and
2002
2003 equity
2004 training
2005 2006 2007 2008
Microfinance
gender
NO
Year
Social and cultural norms change
NO
Sexual violence prevention programmes
School and college programmes
NO
Physical environment changes
NO
Social and cultural norms change
NO
Elder abuse prevention programmes
Professional awareness campaigns
NO
Public information campaigns
NO
Caregiver support
NO
Residential care policies
NO
Partial
1.4
MOST RISKY
Spirits:
NO
NO
2009
2010
2011
VICTIM SERVICES
YES Blunt force 37%
YES
Burn 3%
Strangulation 16%
NO
NO
NO
NO
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment NO
Elder abuse NO
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
VA
ILA
BL
Afghanistan
Vanuatu
TA
OT
AN
LE
ILAB
AVA
DA
TA
NO
DAT
214
Other 6%
Burn 1%
Firearm
Strangulation
1%7%
pulation
ulation
Albania
Viet Nam
8
1.8
7
1.6
1.4
6
Other compensation
14%
Providing for victim
Providing for victim legal representation
15
VIET NAM
10
5
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Alcohol 6
Adult (15+) 5per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
Patterns of4drinking score
LEAST RISKY
Excise taxes3
Beer: YES
Wine: YES
Partial
18 / 18
YES
YES
YES
YES (YES)
YES
YES
Other 14%
1
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
YES
Parenting education
6.6
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
0 TYPE OF VIOLENCE
LAWS AND PREVENTION PROGRAMMES BY
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
VICTIM LAWS
VICTIM SERVICES
YES
YES
YES
YES
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment YES
Viet Nam
Elder abuse NO
USA
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Other 4%
Burn 2%
Strangulation 2%
1.8
Firearm 7%
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
2001
2002
2003
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
2004
Yemen
Part VIII Country profiles
ulation
8
7
6
215
Nigeria
NO
NO
Alcohol
Adult (15+) per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
Patterns of drinking score
Excise taxes
Beer:
Wine:
Spirits:
NO
YES
Strangulation 14%
Intimate partnerBlunt
violence
forcelaws
7%
Against rape in marriage
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
VICTIM LAWS
Providing for victim
compensation
Firearm
4%
Providing for victim
legal4%
representation
Unknown
YES
YES
0.4
Adult protective
services
0.2
Child protection
services
0 services for sexual violence
Medico-legal
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Mental health services
Palestine
2007
Year
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment YES
2009
2010
2011
YES
YES
YES
2008
YES
VICTIM0.6
SERVICES
1.2
Youth violence
prevention programmes
1
Pre-school
enrichment
YES
0.8
Life skills and social development training
YES
0.6
Mentoring
YES
0.4 supervision
After-school
YES
School anti-bullying
YES
0.2
Intimate partner violence prevention programmes
0
Dating violence
schools
2001 prevention
2002 2003 in
2004
2005 2006 2007 NO
2008
Microfinance and gender equity training Year
YES
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Sexual violence prevention programmes
School and college programmes
YES
Physical environment changes
NO
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Elder abuse
1.6 prevention programmes
Professional
YES
1.4 awareness campaigns
Public information
campaigns
NO
1.2
Caregiver 1support
YES
Residential
YES
0.8 care policies
2009
2010
2011
Elder abuse NO
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Strangulation 2%
Firearm 78%
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
Panama
Subnational.
216
25
Unknown 2%
Other 2%
opulation
2007
Year
2006
20
16 / 15
YES
YES
YES
YES (YES)
YES
Parenting education
Partial
Strangulation 3%
Blunt force 1%
Firearm 68%
YEMEN
3
2
1
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Uzbekistan
NO
NO
Alcohol
Adult (15+) per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
Patterns of drinking score
Excise taxes
Beer:
Wine:
0.3
Spirits:
Parenting education
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
VICTIM LAWS
NO
NO
0.8
VICTIM SERVICES
0.6
0.4
Adult protective
services
0.2
Child protection
services
0 services for sexual violence
Medico-legal
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Mental health services
Year
2007
NO
YES
YES
2008
NO
2009
2010
2011
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment NO
Yemen
Elder abuse NO
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Other 8%
Firearm 84%
Blunt force 5%
Sharp force 3%
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
2001
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
2003
Zambia
Part VIII Country profiles
217
Data collection by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Public Health and Population.
Strangulation 16%
Other 14%
ZAMBIA
Burn 3%
Strangulation 16%
Vanuatu
Firearms
Laws to regulate civilian access
YES
Mandatory background check
YES
Handguns/long guns/ automatic weapons
NO/NO/NO
Carrying firearms in public
YES
Programmes to reduce civilian firearm possession and use
YES
NO
NO
4
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
Other 8%
Firearm 84%
Blunt
force 5%
VICTIM
LAWS
1.8
Youth violence
prevention programmes
1.6
Pre-school1.4enrichment
NO
Life skills 1.2
and social development training
NO
Mentoring 1
NO
0.8
After-school
supervision
NO
0.6
School anti-bullying
YES
0.4
Intimate partner
violence prevention programmes
0.2
0
Dating violence
prevention in schools
YES
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Microfinance
and gender equity training
YES
Year
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Sexual violence prevention programmes
School and college programmes
YES
Physical environment changes
YES
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Elder abuse prevention programmes
Professional8 awareness campaigns
YES
7
Public information
campaigns
YES
6
Caregiver support
YES
Residential5care policies
YES
2009
2010
YES
YES
4
3
Adult protective
services
2
Child protection
services
1
Medico-legal
0 services for sexual violence
2001services
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Mental health
2007
2009
2010
Year
DATA ON VIOLENCE
YES
YES
YES
2008
YES
2011
VICTIM SERVICES
ProvidingSharp
for victim
force compensation
3%
Providing for victim legal representation
Afghanistan
Zambia
2011
Elder abuse
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
YEAR
TA
VA
ILA
BL
2008
DAT
LE
ILAB
AVA
7.02
8.21
DA
TA
NO
2009
OT
AN
2010
6.22
Albania
Zimbabwe
Subnational.
218
Other 6%
Burn 1%
Strangulation
Other1%
9%
Unknown 32%
pulation
ulation
Source: Police
82
1.8
7
1.6
6
21 / 21
YES
YES
YES
YES (NO)
YES
Parenting education
Burn 2%
Strangulation 2%
Partial
ZIMBABWE
Population: 13 724 317
Vietaction
Nam plans
National
Interpersonal violence NO
Child maltreatment
YES
Youth violence
NO
Intimate partner violence
NO
Sexual violence
YES
Elder abuse
NO
Firearm 7%
Firearms
Other
4% access
Laws to regulate
civilian
Sharp force 62% YES
Burn 2%
Mandatory background
check
YES
Strangulationguns/
2% automatic weapons
Handguns/long
/YES/
Carrying firearms in public
YES
Programmes to reduce civilian firearm possession and use
YES
1.6
Alcohol 1.4
Adult (15+)1.2per capita consumption (litres of pure alcohol)
Patterns of1drinking score
LEAST RISKY
0.8
Excise taxes
Beer: YES
Wine: YES
0.6
0.2
2001
Partial
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
YES
YES
Parenting education
YES
Training to recognise / avoid sexually
YES
YES
abusive situations
NO ()
8
Youth violence prevention programmes
7
YES
YES
Pre-school 6enrichment
NO
Life skills and
social
development
training
NO
Firearm 84%
5
Mentoring 4
NO
Blunt force 5%
After-school3 supervision
NO
School
anti-bullying
YES
Sharp force 3%
2
Intimate partner violence laws
Intimate partner
violence prevention programmes
1
Against rape in marriage
YES
prevention in schools
NO
Dating violence
0
2003equity
2004 training
2005 2006 2007 NO
2008 2009 2010 2011
gender
Allowing removal of violent spouse from home YES
Microfinance2001and2002
Year
Social and cultural norms change
YES
Against
contact
sexual
violence
without
rape
YES
Physical
environment
changes
YES
Zambia
YES
Against non-contact sexual violence
YES
Social and cultural norms change
Caregiver support
YES
5.7
MOST RISKY
Spirits: YES
0.4
0 TYPE OF VIOLENCE
LAWS AND PREVENTION PROGRAMMES BY
NO
NO
VICTIM SERVICES
NO
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
DATA ON VIOLENCE
Child maltreatment YES
Zimbabwe
Elder abuse NO
Trends in homicides
Mechanism of homicide
Other 9%
Firearm 2%
Unknown 32%
2
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
219
Data collection by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Health and Child Care.
VICTIM LAWS
Providing for victim compensation
Providing for victim legal representation
WHO region
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
Armenia
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bhutan
Bolivia (Plurinational State of)
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei Darussalam
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
China
Colombia
Cook Islands
Costa Rica
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Eastern Mediterranean
Europe
Africa
Europe
Western Pacific
Europe
Europe
Eastern Mediterranean
South-East Asia
Europe
Europe
Americas
Africa
South-East Asia
Americas
Africa
Americas
Western Pacific
Europe
Africa
Africa
Western Pacific
Africa
Americas
Western Pacific
Americas
Western Pacific
Americas
Europe
Americas
Europe
Europe
Americas
Americas
Americas
Eastern Mediterranean
Americas
Estonia
Fiji
Finland
Gabon
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Guatemala
Guinea
Guyana
Honduras
Europe
Western Pacific
Europe
Africa
Europe
Europe
Africa
Americas
Africa
Americas
Americas
Zakhmi, Babrak
Qirjako, Gentiana
Djeraoune, Nadia
Nanushyan, Lena
Arthur, Caroline
Orthofer, Maria
Talishinskiy, Rustam
Alhadyan, Badreya
Rahman Arif, Mizanur
Lomat, Leonid
Reynders, Daniel
Mira, Oscar; Vasquez, Mary
Chaffa, Christian
Tshering, Dago
Quispe, Cabo Elias Choque
Motlhanka, Kelebogile
da Silva, Marta Maria Alves
Abdul Hamid, Hjh Hadzilahwatie Hj
Dinolova, Rumyana
Sanon, Djnba
BihiziEugenie-Colombe
Prak, Piseth Raingsey
Kouo Ngamby, Marquise
Ponic, Pamela
Leilei, Duan
Rivillas, Juan Carlos; Lozada, Sandra Lucia Moreno
Puni, Lawrence Teariki
Castillo, Sisy
Brkic Bilos, Ivana
Basanta, Marlen
Ashikales, Xenia
Millerova, Eva
Ricketts, Paul
Oganda, Sarai
Salinas, Victoria
Al Ashry, Nagwa
Armero, Julio; Avalos Marina Estela; Ticas,
Julio Oscar Robles
Salla, Jako
Kurabui, Bale
Ewalds, Helena
Oye Nguema, Bernadette
Chachava, Tamar
Balas, Chariklia
Ohene, Sally-Anne
Funes, Jose
Beavogui, Kezely
Conway, Dinte
Cerna, Migdonia Nohemy Ayestas
223
Country/area
WHO region
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Iraq
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan
Lao Peoples Democratic Republic
Latvia
Liberia
Lithuania
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mauritania
Mexico
Mongolia
Montenegro
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Nepal
Netherlands
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Norway
Oman
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Qatar
Republic of Moldova
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Samoa
San Marino
Europe
South-East Asia
South-East Asia
Eastern Mediterranean
Eastern Mediterranean
Europe
Europe
Americas
Western Pacific
Eastern Mediterranean
Europe
Africa
Western Pacific
Eastern Mediterranean
Europe
Western Pacific
Europe
Africa
Europe
Africa
Africa
Western Pacific
South-East Asia
Africa
Americas
Western Pacific
Europe
Eastern Mediterranean
Africa
South-East Asia
South-East Asia
Europe
Western Pacific
Americas
Africa
Africa
Europe
Eastern Mediterranean
Americas
Western Pacific
Americas
Western Pacific
Europe
Europe
Eastern Mediterranean
Europe
Europe
Europe
Africa
Western Pacific
Europe
224
Country/area
WHO region
Africa
Eastern Mediterranean
Africa
Europe
Africa
Western Pacific
Europe
Europe
Western Pacific
Africa
Europe
Eastern Mediterranean
Africa
Europe
Europe
Europe
Europe
South-East Asia
Americas
Eastern Mediterranean
Europe
Western Pacific
Africa
Eastern Mediterranean
Europe
Africa
Americas
Europe
Western Pacific
Western Pacific
Eastern Mediterranean
Eastern Mediterranean
Africa
Africa
Matos, Celso
Alanazi, Faisal
Sene, Bineta
Paunovic, Milena
Michel, Gina
Gomez, Yvonne
Bruchacova, Zora
Mihevc, Barbara
Vozoto, Nashley
Netshidzivhani, Pakiso
Merino, Begoa
Eltahir, Suad
Kophozile, Mahlalela
Nordstrand, Kerstin
Hofner, Marie-Claude
Razzakov, Abduvali
Tozija, Fimka
Panjapiyakul, Pornpet
Thomas, Andy
Chebbi, Henda
Songur, Emrah
Lototele, Kaevaa
Mugisha, James
Hassan, Kalthoom
Bellis, Mark/Hardcastle, Katie
Steven, Ester
Dahlberg, Linda
Iskandarov, Alisher
Tovu, Viran
Anh, Luong Mai
Bitar, Jawad
Alyusfi, Reema
Shumba, Chabwela
Bakasa, Clemenciana
225
226
7277831
16460141
9849569
14864646
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
880
240
670
6850
31590
11640
7650
2220
2420
750
4620
44810
6400
830
19560
6290
3770
4970
Low
Low
Low
Middle
High
Middle
Middle
Middle
Middle
Low
Middle
High
Middle
Low
High
Middle
High
High
Middle
Middle
Middle
Low
Income level3
36.03
33.27
39.79
28.19
54.69
56.29
38.73
38.62
53.13
32.97
26.48
32.12
33.71
29.15
31.30
35.33
34.51
27.82
Income
inequality
(Gini index)4
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Subnational
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Interpersonal
violence
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Dont know
No
Armed
violence
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Subnational
Subnational
Yes
Subnational
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Subnational
No
Yes
No
Subnational
Dont know
No
Gang
violence
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Subnational
Subnational
Yes
Subnational
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Dont know
Subnational
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Child
maltreatment
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Subnational
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Subnational
No
Yes
Dont know
Dont know
Youth
violence
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Subnational
Subnational
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Intimate
partner
violence
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Subnational
Subnational
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Subnational
Sexual
violence
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Subnational
No
Yes
Yes
No
Elder abuse
Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat (2014). World Population Prospects: The 2014 Revision, Highlights. New York: United Nations.
Gross National Income (GNI) per Capita is the dollar value of a countrys final income in a year divived by its population using Atlas methodology. Data from World Development Indicators database, World Bank, June 2014.
http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD
3
World Development Indicators (WDI) database: Low income is US$ 1005 or less, middle-income is US$ 1006 to US$ 12 275, high-income is US$ 12 276 or more. Where a precise GNI was not available, the WDI estimation
of income level was used.
4
Latest available year. The Gini index measures the extent to which the distribution of income or consumption expenditure among individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. A
Gini index of 0 represents perfect equality, while an index of 100 implies perfect inequality. Data from World Development Indicators database, World Bank, June 2014. http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI
412238
Brunei Darussalam
198656019
2003910
Brazil
Botswana
741822
10496285
Bhutan
Bolivia (Plurinational
State of)
324060
10050702
Benin
11060095
Belgium
Belize
9405097
154695368
Belarus
Bangladesh
1317827
Bahrain
47960
8463948
9308959
23050471
Australia
Austria
2969081
Armenia
Azerbaijan
59790
38481705
Algeria
690
3162083
4520
29824536
Gross
national
income per
capita2
GENERAL INFORMATION
Afghanistan
Population
(2012)1
Albania
Country/area
Table A2: General information and national action plans addressing violence
227
1384770183
China
10660051
Czech Republic
246864191
Indonesia
325867
Iceland
1236686732
7935846
Honduras
India
795369
82800121
Germany
Guyana
4358242
Georgia
11451273
1632572
Gabon
Guinea
1580
5408466
Finland
25366462
874742
Fiji
15082831
1290778
Estonia
Ghana
6297394
El Salvador
Guatemala
45170
80721874
Egypt
3420
1550
38370
2140
3410
440
3130
3290
10020
46820
4010
16360
3600
2980
5170
15492264
Ecuador
5430
10276621
6590
18130
26390
5890
13260
8850
7010
5720
50650
1190
Gross
national
income per
capita2
Dominican Republic
71684
1128994
Cyprus
Dominica
4307422
11270957
Cuba
4805295
Costa Rica
Croatia
20523
Cook Islands
47704427
34837978
Canada
Colombia
21699631
Population
(2012)1
Cameroon
Country/area
3
Middle
Middle
High
Middle
Middle
Low
Middle
Middle
High
Middle
Middle
High
Middle
High
Middle
Middle
Middle
Middle
Middle
High
High
Middle
High
Middle
Middle
Middle
Middle
High
Middle
Income level
GENERAL INFORMATION
38.14
33.90
56.95
44.54
39.35
55.89
42.76
28.31
42.10
41.45
26.88
42.83
36.00
48.33
30.77
49.26
47.20
25.82
33.65
50.73
55.91
42.06
32.56
38.91
Income
inequality
(Gini index)4
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Subnational
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Interpersonal
violence
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Subnational
No
No
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Dont know
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
Dont know
Yes
Subnational
Gang
violence
Subnational
No
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Subnational
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Dont know
No
No
Armed
violence
Yes
Yes
Yes
Subnational
No
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Organized
crime
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Subnational
No
Yes
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Youth
violence
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Subnational
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Child
maltreatment
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Subnational
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Intimate
partner
violence
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Subnational
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Sexual
violence
No
Yes
Subnational
No
No
Yes
Subnational
No
Subnational
No
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Elder abuse
228
32521143
25203395
52797319
27474377
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Nepal
621081
2796484
Mongolia
Montenegro
120847477
5430
338442
3796141
Maldives
Mauritania
Mexico
9820
700
510
2910
6950
3080
9720
1040
320
420
13820
370
29239927
4190435
Liberia
14060
Malaysia
2060428
Latvia
1270
15906483
6645827
Lao Peoples
Democratic Republic
1040
44940
Malawi
5474213
Kyrgyzstan
3027621
3250496
Kuwait
2520
22293914
100786
Kiribati
870
Madagascar
43178141
Kenya
9780
47690
5190
34810
32030
6130
6570
Gross
national
income per
capita2
Low
Low
Low
Middle
Middle
Middle
Middle
Middle
Middle
Middle
Low
Low
High
Low
High
Middle
Low
High
Middle
Low
Middle
Middle
High
Middle
High
High
Middle
Middle
Income level3
GENERAL INFORMATION
Lithuania
7009444
16271201
127249704
Japan
Jordan
2768941
Jamaica
Kazakhstan
7643905
60884593
Italy
32778030
Iraq
Israel
76424443
Population
(2012)1
Iran (Islamic
Republic of)
Country/area
32.82
45.66
40.88
28.58
36.52
47.16
40.46
37.37
46.21
43.91
44.11
37.57
38.16
34.81
36.74
33.38
47.68
29.04
35.43
45.51
36.03
39.20
30.86
38.28
Income
inequality
(Gini index)4
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
Dont know
Subnational
Dont know
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Interpersonal
violence
Yes
Subnational
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Dont know
Dont know
Yes
No
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Armed
violence
Subnational
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Dont know
Dont know
Yes
Subnational
No
Yes
Yes
Gang
violence
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
Dont know
Dont know
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Subnational
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Child
maltreatment
Yes
No
Subnational
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Dont know
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Intimate
partner
violence
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Subnational
No
Dont know
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Subnational
Youth
violence
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Dont know
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Subnational
Sexual
violence
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
No
No
Dont know
Yes
Yes
No
No
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Elder abuse
229
2050514
3514381
21754741
143169653
11457801
188889
Qatar
Republic of Moldova
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Samoa
2067717
Slovakia
Slovenia
549598
5445757
Singapore
Solomon Islands
92339
5303264
Seychelles
9552553
10603804
Portugal
Serbia
38210924
Poland
13726021
96706764
Philippines
Senegal
29987800
Peru
28287855
7167010
Saudi Arabia
3802281
Panama
31247
3314001
Oman
188098
4993875
Norway
168833776
Nigeria
San Marino
5991733
17157042
Niger
4459852
New Zealand
Nicaragua
16714018
Population
(2012)1
Netherlands
Country/area
1480
22830
17200
51090
11590
5350
1030
24660
1310
51470
3260
600
12740
8560
2150
78060
20620
12660
2950
5890
1790
9030
25250
98880
2490
390
1690
35520
48110
Gross
national
income per
capita2
3
Middle
High
High
High
Middle
Middle
Middle
High
Middle
High
Middle
Low
High
Middle
Middle
High
High
High
Middle
Middle
Middle
Middle
High
High
Middle
Low
Middle
High
High
Income level
GENERAL INFORMATION
Yes
No
Yes
26.00
31.15
No
Subnational
No
No
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Interpersonal
violence
42.48
65.77
29.62
40.30
50.82
50.82
40.11
27.42
33.03
41.10
38.45
32.73
42.98
48.14
50.88
51.92
25.79
48.83
34.55
40.47
36.17
30.90
Income
inequality
(Gini index)4
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
Dont know
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Gang
violence
No
No
No
Yes
Dont know
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Subnational
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Armed
violence
No
No
Yes
No
No
No
No
Dont know
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Subnational
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Organized
crime
Subnational
Yes
Yes
No
Subnational
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Child
maltreatment
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Subnational
Yes
No
Dont know
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Youth
violence
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Intimate
partner
violence
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Subnational
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Sexual
violence
Yes
No
Yes
No
Subnational
No
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Elder abuse
230
2105575
8008990
66785001
1337439
10874915
73997128
9860
36345860
9205651
62783115
47783107
317505266
28541423
247262
90795769
4218771
TFYR Macedonia
Tajikistan
Thailand
Tunisia
Turkey
Tuvalu
Uganda
United Arab
Emirates
United Kingdom
United Republic of
Tanzania
United States of
America
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Viet Nam
13724317
7997399
Switzerland
14075099
9511313
Sweden
Zimbabwe
1230985
Swaziland
Zambia
37195349
Sudan
23852409
46754541
Yemen
52385920
Spain
Population
(2012)1
South Africa
Country/area
800
1410
1220
2810
1550
2990
1700
52350
570
38300
38620
480
5650
10810
4240
14780
5250
880
4710
80950
56120
3100
1460
29340
7460
Gross
national
income per
capita2
Low
Middle
Middle
Middle
Middle
Middle
Middle
High
Low
High
High
Low
Middle
Middle
Middle
High
Middle
Low
Middle
High
High
Middle
Middle
High
Middle
Income level3
GENERAL INFORMATION
50.10
57.49
37.69
35.50
35.57
36.72
40.81
37.58
35.97
44.30
40.03
36.06
39.37
30.83
43.56
33.68
25.00
51.49
35.29
34.66
63.14
Income
inequality
(Gini index)4
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Subnational
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Dont know
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Interpersonal
violence
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Subnational
No
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Armed
violence
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Subnational
No
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Subnational
Gang
violence
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Subnational
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Subnational
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Child
maltreatment
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Subnational
Subnational
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Subnational
No
Yes
Yes
Subnational
Youth
violence
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Subnational
Subnational
Yes
Yes
No
Subnational
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Intimate
partner
violence
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Sexual
violence
No
Dont know
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Subnational
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Dont know
Yes
No
No
No
Subnational
No
No
Yes
Subnational
Elder abuse
231
156 - 2521
7 - 15
1.1
6.2
9.8
3.1
0.8
Cabo Verde
117
478
Burkina Faso
Burundi
104
Bulgaria
Brunei Darussalam
47136
4
115
104
51
141
50108
10.3
1.9
25.2
1461
43
657
1613
141
64357
249
Brazil
220
12.1
Botswana
1270
132
3505d
10 - 195
138 - 2844
404 - 6274
2 - 35
32 - 566
8.8
6.7
9.8
1.9
2.1
32.4
12.4
3.4
13.9
1.9
6.3
117
581
28
4794
10
2.4
32.1
14
2586d
225
120
1.1
0.9
633
44.7
1.6
7.4
2.7
29.8
77
254
Benin
182
145
1.1
0.9
Bhutan
134
21
4169
111
77
254
44.7
72
124
Belgium
Belize
478
231
36
190
2.1
6.0
4.4
145
429
3988
Belarus
Barbados
Bangladesh
Bahrain
13
231
Azerbaijan
Bahamas
244
165
Australia
Austria
1.8
62
54
526 - 9140
10.7
2232
2445
39
11.2
62
10
4.4
5.0
7.3
Rate
0.8
390 - 6998
130 - 188
516 - 9030
95%
confidence
intervals
1701
159
2180
Number
Armenia
631
5.0
6.5
UNODC
criminal
justice
homicide
rate
1.9 - 39.4
1.4 - 28.9
2.5 - 38.1
0.5 - 8.4
0.8 - 14.8
1.5 - 25.1
0.5 - 1.1
2.5 - 43.9
1.0 - 18.2
4.1 - 5.9
1.7 - 30.3
95%
confidence
intervals
Argentina
Angola
Andorra
Algeria
157
63
UNODC
criminal
justice
homicide
number
1948
142
Civil or vital
registration
homicide
number
Afghanistan
Police
homicide
number
Albania
Country/area
HOMICIDES
13.5
9.8
13.0
3.0
2.2
60.0
17.1
4.7
21.8
1.8
8.5
80.8
1.3
9.0
16.2
3.5
1.0
48.0
3.4
0.9
1.4
2.6
10.5
6.0
17.1
1.2
7.4
7.6
11.7
Male
homicide
rate
4.1
3.6
6.7
0.9
2.1
5.6
7.8
2.3
6.1
1.9
4.1
8.7
0.8
3.7
3.4
2.7
0.3
16.9
1.4
0.8
1.5
1.6
2.7
4.4
0.5
1.4
2.4
2.8
Female
homicide
rate
42%
47%
22%
17%
4%
73%
36%
30%
45%
13%
27%
69%
38%
2%
40%
11%
18%
75%
16%
14%
17%
10%
58%
31%
55%
32%
27%
66%
45%
Percentage
firearms
41%
31%
42%
51%
43%
17%
43%
33%
35%
47%
39%
21%
26%
51%
60%
41%
27%
18%
53%
37%
34%
25%
32%
39%
23%
39%
34%
16%
27%
Percentage
sharp force
17%
22%
35%
32%
53%
10%
22%
37%
20%
41%
34%
10%
36%
47%
0%
48%
55%
8%
32%
49%
48%
65%
10%
30%
22%
29%
39%
18%
28%
Percentage
other
mechanisms
Table A3. Reported homicide numbers and rates by sourcea, estimated homicide numbers and rates by sex, and estimated proportion of homicides by mechanism
232
543
1.6
UNODC
criminal
justice
homicide
rate
356
Number
Costa Rica
Cyprus
Ethiopia
7334
1644 - 29060
102 - 2024
70
65
474
70
956 - 16123
Eritrea
2767
4101
2144
2608
Estonia
41.2
12.4
22.1
5 - 112
2594
1924
2268
26
Equatorial Guinea
4371
171
El Salvador
2106
3549
Ecuador
2268
Egypt
Dominican Republic
7.0
8.0
5.4
7.7
3.5
43.9
5.1
13.8
25.4
6.8
12 - 295
60
Djibouti
13.3
4.7
0.9
2.0
5.0
1.3
12.2
Dominica
1954 - 37066
271 - 5015
535 - 9912
8.5
3.1
10.4
8.0
43.9
1.1
4.6
9.4
13.5
1.8
11.7
2.4
Rate
0.9
99
23
561
54
2412
110 - 2113
13 - 220
257 - 4734
140 - 2646
606 - 11129
95%
confidence
intervals
50
0.8
1
407
8755
Denmark
47
1.0
2.0
1.2
8.5
105
23
51
407
1169
10
534
50
407
185
589
Cuba
Czech Republic
50
Croatia
Cte dIvoire
474
Cook Islands
20923
450
30.8
811
15480
Congo
14670
3.1
57
15742
16033
Colombia
550
Comoros
12336
China
Chile
610
1168
Chad
614
527
UNODC
criminal
justice
homicide
number
HOMICIDES
1.8 - 31.7
1.7 - 33
0.7 - 15.2
1.2 - 20
1.4 - 34.3
3 - 56.4
1.1 - 20.3
2.7 - 50
2.5 - 48.7
1.8 - 30.6
2.1 - 38
3.1 - 58.5
2.8 - 51.3
95%
confidence
intervals
Canada
476
Civil or vital
registration
homicide
number
2544
268
Police
homicide
number
Cameroon
Cambodia
Country/area
12.9
8.4
12.0
5.5
80.9
7.8
24.4
46.2
11.7
9.8
1.2
22.1
7.2
1.1
2.8
7.3
1.9
16.9
14.5
4.4
17.4
11.1
81.7
1.4
8.0
13.7
23.5
2.8
17.8
3.5
Male
homicide
rate
3.1
2.8
3.5
1.3
10.5
2.4
3.3
4.5
1.9
4.2
0.6
4.6
2.4
0.8
1.3
2.6
0.6
7.2
2.2
1.6
3.4
4.8
7.3
0.8
1.4
5.1
3.8
0.8
5.7
1.3
Female
homicide
rate
13%
4%
17%
48%
77%
33%
66%
64%
37%
36%
17%
29%
4%
18%
22%
5%
32%
31%
63%
15%
32%
35%
80%
4%
41%
23%
24%
30%
33%
14%
Percentage
firearms
43%
54%
42%
26%
13%
37%
25%
25%
39%
39%
56%
35%
30%
39%
33%
72%
28%
35%
19%
37%
34%
39%
16%
30%
52%
36%
37%
41%
33%
37%
Percentage
sharp force
44%
42%
41%
26%
11%
30%
9%
11%
24%
24%
28%
36%
65%
43%
44%
23%
40%
34%
17%
48%
34%
26%
5%
66%
7%
42%
39%
28%
34%
50%
Percentage
other
mechanisms
233
7014
17.0
Indonesia
1133
1020
133
1416
2283
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
2641
1464
416
1130
464
2761
1263
1087
530
134
154
528
Israel
Italy
147
733
54
2518
1456
Ireland
Iraq
1456
1
43355
35122
Iceland
India
132
7172
7172
Honduras
Hungary
6.4
7.8
39.3
0.9
1.8
1.2
0.6
3.5
0.3
1.3
90.4
10.2
3175
1499
205
450
1250
530
160
54
6093
3630
11687
52998
154
8248
2703
160
1033
Guyana
Haiti
169
1008
Guinea-Bissau
135
115
130
6025
5155
Guatemala
Guinea
6025
39.9
180
13.3
653
2527
14
3821
431
Grenada
423
Ghana
Greece
662
Germany
3063 - 9886
874 - 16070
2775 - 46330
633 - 10908
39 - 717
243 - 4065
587 - 10999
38 - 704
169
18 - 27
95%
confidence
intervals
209
102
665
76
20
Number
Gambia
1.0
1.6
UNODC
criminal
justice
homicide
rate
Georgia
665
89
UNODC
criminal
justice
homicide
number
7.4
9.2
2.9
0.4
45.1
0.9
2.1
1.2
18.6
4.8
4.7
4.3
0.6
1.5
103.9
26.6
20.2
10.1
8.8
39.9
6.2
1.6
10.0
0.8
4.8
9.4
9.3
1.0
1.4
2.3
Rate
9.3 - 30.2
1.1 - 21
1.1 - 18.8
6.2 - 107.2
2.4 - 43.1
2.1 - 35.5
2.3 - 43.4
2.1 - 39.3
1.9 - 48.1
2 - 3.1
95%
confidence
intervals
31 - 785
107
99
Civil or vital
registration
homicide
number
152
14
Gabon
France
26
114
Fiji
Police
homicide
number
Finland
Country/area
HOMICIDES
11.2
15.6
3.9
0.4
82.1
1.3
3.2
2.1
28.2
7.7
7.3
6.9
0.9
1.9
193.6
41.9
30.7
14.5
12.8
72.1
10.0
2.5
12.1
0.8
8.5
13.4
14.8
1.3
1.5
3.8
Male
homicide
rate
3.5
3.3
1.9
0.3
9.3
0.5
0.3
8.8
1.8
2.1
1.5
0.4
1.2
14.1
11.5
9.3
5.8
4.8
9.4
2.4
0.8
7.8
0.8
1.5
5.5
3.7
0.8
1.3
0.8
Female
homicide
rate
32%
17%
65%
3%
70%
50%
58%
43%
45%
43%
14%
27%
0%
8%
84%
36%
49%
27%
32%
86%
27%
32%
12%
16%
35%
27%
47%
41%
22%
0%
Percentage
firearms
31%
39%
27%
33%
19%
27%
29%
30%
14%
32%
45%
38%
100%
45%
10%
37%
47%
36%
10%
8%
35%
31%
46%
37%
36%
45%
28%
30%
45%
46%
Percentage
sharp force
37%
44%
9%
64%
10%
24%
13%
27%
41%
25%
41%
35%
0%
47%
7%
27%
5%
37%
58%
6%
38%
37%
42%
47%
28%
28%
25%
29%
33%
54%
Percentage
other
mechanisms
234
97
4.7
497
102
Number
158
Maldives
12
1323
Myanmar
Nauru
Namibia
436
849
Morocco
Mozambique
849
388
704
17.2
2.2
23
Montenegro
446
2198
852
810
17
283
239
Mongolia
14
Monaco
271
26597
Mexico
33
2.7
2.8
1640
12
1244
Mauritius
17
12
1.8
430
27213
279
Mauritania
Marshall Islands
Malta
Mali
46
321
438
540
Malawi
Malaysia
1
1810
130
Madagascar
6.7
Luxembourg
202
202
194
Lithuania
3.2
469
135
157
16
Liberia
Libya
249
770
Lebanon
Lesotho
473
129
UNODC
criminal
justice
homicide
rate
143
200
248
UNODC
criminal
justice
homicide
number
HOMICIDES
505 - 8815
13 - 22
94 - 1879
413 - 6466
3 - 50
292 - 6109
452 - 7244
35 - 663
111 - 2045
678 - 848
51 - 1339
119 - 1919
72 - 133
95%
confidence
intervals
1.3
19.7
4.2
3.4
2.5
2.8
10.1
1.1
4.6
22.0
2.7
11.3
4.7
2.8
11.0
3.5
4.3
2.0
8.1
0.2
6.7
2.6
11.2
37.5
5.4
7.0
7.1
9.1
3.1
8.2
Rate
1 - 16.7
2.1 - 3.5
2.5 - 49.5
2.8 - 43.5
0.8 - 14.7
1 - 20.9
2 - 32.5
0.6 - 10.8
2.6 - 48.8
33.1 - 41.3
1.1 - 28.8
1.8 - 28.9
2.2 - 4.1
95%
confidence
intervals
467
Kyrgyzstan
Civil or vital
registration
homicide
number
Latvia
144
Kuwait
Police
homicide
number
Kiribati
Country/area
1.9
27.7
3.8
5.2
4.4
4.0
15.8
1.5
5.9
40.6
3.1
15.2
7.3
2.3
13.8
4.4
6.2
3.1
11.5
0.4
10.5
3.4
16.8
51.7
8.3
11.1
10.5
13.9
4.8
10.5
Male
homicide
rate
0.8
12.2
4.5
1.7
0.6
1.6
4.5
0.6
3.3
4.6
2.2
7.4
3.4
8.2
2.7
2.4
0.9
4.8
3.4
1.7
5.5
23.7
2.3
3.5
3.8
4.4
0.7
5.9
Female
homicide
rate
8%
47%
32%
20%
0%
70%
2%
25%
18%
73%
24%
40%
20%
52%
31%
33%
7%
5%
19%
14%
2%
43%
29%
50%
39%
4%
21%
12%
73%
27%
Percentage
firearms
32%
33%
32%
34%
72%
9%
42%
41%
37%
15%
39%
39%
38%
32%
42%
36%
52%
34%
42%
46%
44%
28%
42%
33%
27%
48%
37%
49%
27%
38%
Percentage
sharp force
60%
21%
36%
46%
28%
22%
56%
34%
45%
12%
38%
22%
42%
16%
27%
31%
41%
61%
39%
40%
54%
29%
30%
17%
34%
48%
42%
40%
0%
35%
Percentage
other
mechanisms
235
750
12249
6.5
1.2
150
146
Romania
378
10
San Marino
10
25.6
33.6
457
665
18780
14
15
Samoa
28
1.7
9.2
18
13120
28
500
500
421
18951
495
15408
Saint Lucia
Rwanda
Russian Federation
196
304
993
229
122
418
12029
265
99
649
3295
Republic of Moldova
8.8
9.6
Republic of Korea
149
Portugal
Qatar
353
8484
310
12086
Philippines
Poland
649
2865
Paraguay
Peru
9.7
713
774
734
17.2
665
Panama
654
15923
Palau
Pakistan
29
Oman
159
17059
1760
776
53
152
905
Number
31
7.7
11.3
0.9
UNODC
criminal
justice
homicide
rate
31
13846
675
41
UNODC
criminal
justice
homicide
number
154 - 2726
24 - 1037
10713 - 13329
27 - 1137
4158 - 66312
383 - 6929
95%
confidence
intervals
7.2
0.7
3.7
14.0
15.3
13.8
5.8
13.1
2.1
7.5
2.0
7.1
1.4
1.1
12.4
11.0
9.7
10.8
19.3
3.1
8.9
4.8
0.6
2.8
10.1
10.3
13.0
1.2
0.9
3.3
Rate
1.3 - 23.8
1.2 - 50.6
11.1 - 13.8
0.8 - 34.3
2.5 - 39.3
2.2 - 40.4
95%
confidence
intervals
Norway
1897
Nigeria
401
143
Civil or vital
registration
homicide
number
Niue
738
788
43
New Zealand
Nicaragua
165
Niger
752
Netherlands
Police
homicide
number
Nepal
Country/area
HOMICIDES
10.8
0.7
5.6
22.1
26.9
25.1
8.2
21.4
2.9
10.5
2.5
8.1
1.9
1.7
22.4
17.6
17.5
15.6
34.3
4.5
12.5
6.1
0.9
4.2
14.3
13.5
22.1
1.5
1.2
4.8
Male
homicide
rate
3.7
0.7
1.7
5.7
4.1
2.6
3.5
1.4
4.9
1.5
3.8
0.6
2.4
4.3
1.8
5.8
1.8
2.6
0.4
1.4
5.8
0.9
0.6
1.9
Female
homicide
rate
36%
21%
14%
54%
51%
62%
12%
29%
8%
8%
1%
25%
34%
5%
55%
47%
60%
26%
80%
13%
55%
55%
19%
14%
24%
25%
48%
14%
34%
5%
Percentage
firearms
39%
42%
35%
31%
37%
26%
49%
23%
45%
33%
33%
75%
41%
45%
42%
37%
33%
38%
16%
35%
26%
27%
48%
36%
37%
45%
38%
41%
27%
24%
Percentage
sharp force
25%
37%
51%
15%
13%
11%
39%
49%
47%
59%
66%
0%
25%
49%
3%
16%
7%
36%
4%
52%
20%
18%
33%
50%
40%
30%
13%
45%
39%
71%
Percentage
other
mechanisms
236
South Africa
332
1703
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
379
Tonga
1
379
1.0
28.3
223
2020
199
472
54
618
Timor-Leste
37
Togo
29
2941
3704
29
3327
Thailand
145
117
Tajikistan
46
544
39
41
Switzerland
72
239
81
Sweden
0.7
102
Swaziland
68
50
Suriname
67
364
2435
1244
0.8
524
18698
560
27
14
Sudan
364
13.9
31.0
0.7
75
33
774
154
795
334
1504
16259
14
1.4
0.2
1.9
1.2
Sri Lanka
Spain
South Sudan
16259
19
16
19
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
Somalia
11
75
75
17
93
Singapore
Slovakia
8
113
111
Sierra Leone
Seychelles
130
135
Serbia
Number
1829
UNODC
criminal
justice
homicide
rate
1087
UNODC
criminal
justice
homicide
number
HOMICIDES
54 - 901
47 - 853
152 - 2392
13 - 219
585 - 9560
117 - 2257
130 - 2370
6 - 112
174 - 3331
266 - 4449
405 - 8559
95%
confidence
intervals
4.3
2.7
1.8
35.3
4.7
9.3
4.9
1.8
5.5
1.8
2.5
0.6
0.8
19.4
9.4
6.5
3.8
0.8
4.8
35.7
5.5
4.9
0.7
1.4
0.6
13.0
9.5
1.6
7.9
6.5
Rate
1 - 17.4
0.4 - 7.8
2.3 - 36
1.2 - 19.6
1.6 - 25.7
1.1 - 20.8
1.3 - 23.2
1.1 - 20.3
2.9 - 55.7
1.9 - 32.4
1.4 - 30.3
95%
confidence
intervals
25
Civil or vital
registration
homicide
number
Saudi Arabia
Police
homicide
number
Senegal
Country/area
7.3
4.8
2.9
62.2
5.7
13.6
6.6
2.4
10.0
3.1
4.0
0.6
1.0
27.4
14.8
9.7
6.3
1.1
7.2
62.2
8.5
6.7
0.8
1.5
0.8
19.0
15.2
2.3
12.3
7.1
Male
homicide
rate
1.4
0.7
0.8
3.7
5.1
3.1
1.1
1.3
0.5
0.5
0.5
11.7
3.4
1.3
0.5
2.5
10.7
2.6
0.6
1.2
0.4
3.7
0.9
3.7
5.7
Female
homicide
rate
31%
57%
3%
77%
19%
20%
10%
38%
74%
8%
20%
31%
27%
56%
6%
38%
28%
25%
48%
54%
55%
9%
10%
15%
0%
22%
42%
42%
33%
70%
Percentage
firearms
33%
23%
43%
14%
37%
39%
44%
3%
21%
33%
34%
31%
50%
28%
50%
29%
39%
47%
28%
28%
24%
40%
20%
38%
44%
43%
38%
29%
41%
20%
Percentage
sharp force
36%
20%
55%
8%
44%
40%
47%
59%
5%
59%
46%
38%
23%
16%
44%
33%
33%
29%
24%
18%
22%
51%
70%
46%
56%
35%
19%
30%
27%
10%
Percentage
other
mechanisms
237
1866
814
981
Zambia
Zimbabwe
80
Yemen
Viet Nam
44
1393
53.7
267
17293
2066
1476
1300
288
3605
17259
16072
4.7
7.9
Vanuatu
267
14827
920
32
16259
922
3831
Uzbekistan
1358
14612
Uruguay
653
3928
United Kingdom
521 - 8051
372 - 5968
66 - 1354
830 - 14008
767 - 1066
905 - 16023
62 - 2755
95%
confidence
intervals
15.1
10.5
5.4
6.8
4.0
57.6
2.9
3.2
7.9
5.4
8.0
1.5
4.1
5.2
12.0
4.2
Rate
3.8 - 58.7
2.6 - 42.4
1.6 - 32.1
0.9 - 15.4
2.7 - 3.7
1.9 - 33.5
0.7 - 29.9
95%
confidence
intervals
24.1
15.4
8.6
10.9
6.1
108.9
3.9
5.1
13.2
8.7
12.2
1.9
5.2
8.0
20.6
5.6
Male
homicide
rate
6.2
5.6
2.2
2.6
1.8
1.9
1.4
2.9
2.3
3.9
1.3
2.9
3.3
2.8
Female
homicide
rate
33%
42%
84%
24%
7%
90%
12%
24%
52%
76%
21%
8%
48%
15%
27%
23%
Percentage
firearms
31%
31%
3%
46%
62%
6%
35%
60%
39%
12%
40%
42%
35%
33%
38%
40%
Percentage
sharp force
36%
27%
13%
31%
31%
3%
53%
16%
9%
11%
39%
50%
17%
52%
35%
37%
Percentage
other
mechanisms
All police-reported data shown are as submitted to WHO as part of the Global status report on violence prevention 2014 survey. As such, these data may differ from the police-reported homicide numbers and rates supplied
to and published by UNODC owing to variations in the procedures/channels used to gather the data, the timing of their collection and the validation methods used by WHO and UNODC respectively.
b
Source: Global Study on Homicide [website] hosted by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (http://www.unodc.org/gsh/en/data.html, accessed 6 October 2014).
c
These estimates of homicide represent the best estimates of WHO, based on the evidence available to it up until October 2014, rather than representing the official estimates of Member States, and have not necessarily
been endorsed by Member States. They have been computed using standard categories, definitions and methods to ensure cross-national comparability and may not be the same as official national estimates produced using
alternate, potentially equally rigorous methods.
d
Includes manslaughter and homicide in a traffic accident.
e
Police data include completed and attempted cases of homicide.
4358
Number
375
0.7
UNODC
criminal
justice
homicide
rate
69
UNODC
criminal
justice
homicide
number
2381
428
Civil or vital
registration
homicide
number
Ukraine
1987
Uganda
Police
homicide
number
Tuvalu
Country/area
HOMICIDES
Afghanistan
Survey
interpersonal
violence
Survey
armed
violence
Survey gang
violence
Survey child
maltreatment
Survey youth
violence
Survey
intimate
partner
violence
Survey sexual
violence
Survey elder
abuse
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Albania
Dont know
Dont know
Dont know
Yes
Dont know
Yes
Yes
Dont know
Algeria
Yes
No
No
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Yes
No
Armenia
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
Australia
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Austria
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Azerbaijan
Subnational
No
No
No
No
Subnational
Subnational
No
Bahrain
Dont know
Dont know
Dont know
Dont know
Dont know
Dont know
Dont know
Dont know
Bangladesh
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Belarus
No
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Belgium
Dont know
Dont know
Dont know
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
Subnational
Belize
No
No
No
Yes
No
No
No
No
Benin
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Bhutan
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Bolivia (Plurinational
State of)
No
No
No
No
Dont know
Yes
Yes
No
Botswana
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
Brazil
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Brunei Darussalam
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Dont know
Dont know
Dont know
Yes
No
No
No
Burkina Faso
No
No
No
No
No
Subnational
Yes
Burundi
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Cambodia
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Cameroon
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Bulgaria
Canada
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
China
Dont know
Dont know
Dont know
Dont know
Dont know
Yes
Dont know
Dont know
Colombia
Dont know
Subnational
Dont know
Dont know
Yes
Dont know
Yes
Yes
Cook Islands
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Costa Rica
Yes
No
No
Dont know
Yes
Yes
Yes
Dont know
Dont know
No
No
Yes
Yes
Dont know
Dont know
No
Cuba
Croatia
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Cyprus
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Czech Republic
Dominica
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Dominican Republic
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Ecuador
No
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Egypt
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
El Salvador
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
Estonia
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Fiji
Yes
Dont know
Dont know
Dont know
Dont know
Yes
Dont know
Dont know
Finland
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Gabon
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Georgia
No
No
No
Yes
No
No
No
No
Germany
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Ghana
Subnational
Dont know
Dont know
Yes
Dont know
Yes
Yes
Dont know
Guatemala
Subnational
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Guinea
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Guyana
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Honduras
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Iceland
Yes
No
No
Subnational
Dont know
Yes
Yes
Subnational
India
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Indonesia
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
238
Survey
interpersonal
violence
Survey
armed
violence
Survey gang
violence
Survey child
maltreatment
Survey youth
violence
Survey
intimate
partner
violence
Survey sexual
violence
Survey elder
abuse
Dont know
Dont know
Dont know
Yes
Dont know
Yes
Dont know
Dont know
Iraq
No
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Israel
Yes
Subnational
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Italy
Yes
Dont know
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Jamaica
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Japan
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Jordan
Subnational
No
No
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Yes
No
Kazakhstan
Dont know
Dont know
Dont know
Yes
Dont know
Dont know
Yes
Dont know
Kenya
No
No
No
Yes
No
No
No
No
Kiribati
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan
Lao Peoples
Democratic Republic
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Dont know
Dont know
Dont know
Dont know
Dont know
Dont know
Dont know
Dont know
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Latvia
No
No
No
Yes
No
No
No
Liberia
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
Lithuania
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Subnational
No
No
Subnational
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Subnational
Malawi
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
Malaysia
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Maldives
No
No
Subnational
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Madagascar
Mauritania
No
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
Mexico
Yes
Yes
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
Subnational
Mongolia
No
No
No
Yes
No
No
No
No
Montenegro
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Morocco
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Subnational
Yes
No
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Subnational
No
Mozambique
Myanmar
Nepal
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Netherlands
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
New Zealand
Yes
No
No
No
Subnational
No
No
No
Nicaragua
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
Niger
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Nigeria
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Norway
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
No
Oman
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Panama
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Peru
Philippines
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
Subnational
No
Subnational
Subnational
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Poland
Yes
No
Dont know
Yes
No
No
No
Portugal
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Dont know
Dont know
Dont know
Dont know
Dont know
Dont know
Dont know
Dont know
No
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Qatar
Republic of Moldova
Romania
Russian Federation
No
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Subnational
Dont know
Dont know
Dont know
Dont know
Dont know
Yes
Dont know
Rwanda
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
Samoa
No
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
San Marino
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Dont know
Dont know
Dont know
Dont know
Dont know
Dont know
Dont know
Dont know
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
No
No
No
No
No
No
Subnational
No
Serbia
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Seychelles
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
239
Survey
interpersonal
violence
Survey
armed
violence
Survey gang
violence
Survey child
maltreatment
Survey youth
violence
Survey
intimate
partner
violence
Survey sexual
violence
Survey elder
abuse
Singapore
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Slovakia
No
No
No
Yes
Subnational
Yes
No
Subnational
Slovenia
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Solomon Islands
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
South Africa
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Subnational
No
Yes
Spain
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Dont know
Sudan
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Swaziland
No
No
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Sweden
Yes
Dont know
Dont know
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Subnational
Switzerland
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
TFYR Macedonia
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Tajikistan
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Thailand
Subnational
Subnational
No
Subnational
No
Subnational
Subnational
Subnational
Dont know
Dont know
Dont know
Dont know
Dont know
Dont know
Dont know
Dont know
Tunisia
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Turkey
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Tuvalu
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
Subnational
Uganda
No
Subnational
No
Subnational
Subnational
Subnational
Yes
No
No
No
Dont know
Dont know
Dont know
No
No
United Kingdom
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
Subnational
Subnational
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
United States of
America
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Uzbekistan
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Vanuatu
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
Viet Nam
No
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yemen
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Zambia
No
No
No
Subnational
No
Yes
Yes
Dont know
Zimbabwe
No
No
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
United Republic of
Tanzania
240
Table A5: Laws and policies that address multiple types of violence: social and educational policies, policing strategies, laws
to regulate civilian access to firearms, and consumption of alcohol and alcohol policies and laws
SOCIAL AND EDUCATIONAL POLICIES
Country/area
Incentives provided
for high risk youth to
complete schooling
POLICING STRATEGIES
Housing policies to
de-concentrate poverty
Problem-oriented policing
Afghanistan
No
No
Yes
Yes
Albania
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Algeria
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Armenia
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Australia
Subnational
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Austria
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Azerbaijan
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Bahrain
No
No
Yes
Yes
Bangladesh
No
No
Yes
Yes
Belarus
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Belgium
Subnational
Dont know
Yes
Dont know
Belize
No
No
Yes
Yes
Benin
Subnational
No
Yes
Yes
Bhutan
No
Dont know
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Botswana
No
No
Yes
Yes
Brazil
Yes
Yes
Yes
Dont know
Brunei Darussalam
No
No
Yes
Yes
Bulgaria
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Burkina Faso
No
No
Yes
Yes
Burundi
No
No
Yes
Yes
Cambodia
No
No
Yes
Yes
Cameroon
No
No
Yes
Yes
Canada
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
China
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Colombia
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Cook Islands
No
No
Yes
Yes
Costa Rica
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Croatia
No
No
Yes
Yes
Cuba
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Cyprus
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Czech Republic
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Dominica
No
No
Yes
Yes
Dominican Republic
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Ecuador
No
No
Yes
Yes
Dont know
Yes
Yes
Yes
El Salvador
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Estonia
No
No
Yes
Dont know
Fiji
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Finland
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Gabon
No
No
Yes
Yes
Georgia
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Germany
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Ghana
Dont know
No
Yes
Yes
Guatemala
Subnational
No
Yes
Yes
Guinea
Subnational
No
Yes
Yes
Guyana
No
No
Yes
Yes
Honduras
No
Yes
Yes
No
Iceland
No
No
Yes
Yes
India
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Indonesia
No
No
Yes
Dont know
Egypt
241
POLICING STRATEGIES
Incentives provided
for high risk youth to
complete schooling
Housing policies to
de-concentrate poverty
Problem-oriented policing
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
Iraq
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Israel
No
No
Yes
No
Italy
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
Japan
No
No
Yes
Yes
Jordan
No
No
Yes
Yes
Kazakhstan
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Kenya
No
No
Yes
Yes
Kiribati
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Jamaica
Kuwait
No
No
Yes
Yes
Kyrgyzstan
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Latvia
No
No
Yes
Yes
Liberia
No
No
Yes
Yes
Lithuania
Subnational
No
Yes
Yes
Madagascar
Subnational
No
Yes
Yes
Malawi
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Malaysia
No
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Maldives
No
No
Yes
Yes
Mauritania
No
No
Yes
Yes
Mexico
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Mongolia
No
No
Yes
Yes
Montenegro
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Morocco
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Mozambique
No
No
Yes
Yes
Subnational
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Nepal
No
No
Yes
Yes
Netherlands
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
New Zealand
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Nicaragua
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Niger
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Nigeria
No
No
Yes
Yes
Norway
No
No
Yes
Yes
Oman
Subnational
No
No
Yes
Panama
Dont know
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Peru
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Philippines
No
No
Yes
Yes
Poland
Yes
Dont know
Yes
Yes
Portugal
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Qatar
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Republic of Moldova
No
No
Yes
Yes
Romania
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Russian Federation
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Rwanda
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Samoa
No
No
Yes
Yes
San Marino
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Dont know
Yes
Yes
Yes
Myanmar
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
No
No
Yes
Yes
Serbia
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Seychelles
No
No
Yes
Yes
Singapore
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
242
POLICING STRATEGIES
Incentives provided
for high risk youth to
complete schooling
Housing policies to
de-concentrate poverty
Problem-oriented policing
Slovakia
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Slovenia
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Solomon Islands
No
No
Yes
Yes
South Africa
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Spain
No
No
Yes
Yes
Sudan
No
No
Yes
Yes
Swaziland
No
No
Yes
Yes
Sweden
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Switzerland
No
No
Yes
Yes
TFYR Macedonia
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Tajikistan
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Thailand
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Tunisia
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Turkey
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Tuvalu
No
No
Yes
Yes
Uganda
No
No
Yes
Yes
Dont know
Yes
Yes
Yes
United Kingdom
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
Uzbekistan
Yes
No
No
No
Vanuatu
No
No
Yes
No
Viet Nam
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yemen
No
No
Yes
Yes
Zambia
No
No
Yes
Yes
Zimbabwe
No
No
Yes
Yes
Laws to
regulate
civilian access
Do they include:
Mandatory
background
check
Handguns
Long guns
Automatic
weapons
Carrying
firearms in
public
Programmes to
reduce civilian
possession and
use
Afghanistan
Yes
Yes
Yes
Dont know
Dont know
Yes
Yes
Albania
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Algeria
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Armenia
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Australia
Subnational
Subnational
Subnational
Subnational
Subnational
Subnational
Subnational
Austria
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Azerbaijan
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Bahrain
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Bangladesh
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Belarus
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Belgium
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Belize
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Benin
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Bhutan
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
Botswana
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Brazil
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Brunei Darussalam
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
There is great variability in the content of these laws between countries and between states/provinces in countries with federal constitutions.
243
Bulgaria
Laws to
regulate
civilian access
Yes
Do they include:
Mandatory
background
check
Handguns
Long guns
Automatic
weapons
Carrying
firearms in
public
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Programmes to
reduce civilian
possession and
use
No
Burkina Faso
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Burundi
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Cambodia
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Cameroon
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Canada
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
China
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Colombia
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Cook Islands
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Costa Rica
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Croatia
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Cuba
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Cyprus
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Czech Republic
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Dominica
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Dominican Republic
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Ecuador
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Egypt
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
El Salvador
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Subnational
Estonia
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Fiji
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Finland
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Subnational
Gabon
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Georgia
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Germany
Yes
Subnational
Subnational
Subnational
Yes
Subnational
No
Ghana
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Guatemala
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Guinea
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Guyana
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Honduras
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Iceland
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Dont know
India
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Indonesia
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Iraq
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Israel
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Italy
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Jamaica
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Subnational
Japan
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Jordan
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Kazakhstan
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Kenya
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Kiribati
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Kuwait
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Kyrgyzstan
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Latvia
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Liberia
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Lithuania
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Madagascar
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Malawi
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Malaysia
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
244
Laws to
regulate
civilian access
Do they include:
Mandatory
background
check
Handguns
Long guns
Automatic
weapons
Carrying
firearms in
public
Yes
Yes
Yes
Programmes to
reduce civilian
possession and
use
Maldives
Yes
Dont know
Yes
Yes
Mauritania
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Mexico
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Mongolia
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Montenegro
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Morocco
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Mozambique
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Myanmar
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Nepal
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Netherlands
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
New Zealand
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Nicaragua
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Niger
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Nigeria
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Norway
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Oman
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Panama
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Peru
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Philippines
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Poland
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Portugal
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Qatar
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Republic of Moldova
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Romania
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Russian Federation
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Subnational
Rwanda
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Samoa
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
San Marino
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Saudi Arabia
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Senegal
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Serbia
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Seychelles
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Singapore
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Slovakia
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Slovenia
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Solomon Islands
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
South Africa
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Spain
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Sudan
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Swaziland
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Sweden
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Switzerland
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Subnational
Yes
TFYR Macedonia
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Tajikistan
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Thailand
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Tunisia
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Turkey
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Tuvalu
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Uganda
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
245
Laws to
regulate
civilian access
Yes
Do they include:
Mandatory
background
check
Handguns
Long guns
Automatic
weapons
Carrying
firearms in
public
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Programmes to
reduce civilian
possession and
use
Dont know
United Kingdom
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Subnational
Uzbekistan
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Vanuatu
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Viet Nam
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yemen
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Zambia
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Zimbabwe
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Adult (15+)
per capita
consumption
(litres of pure
alcohol)2
Albania
Medium risky
Algeria
Somewhat risky
Country/area
Afghanistan
Excise tax
Spirits
On premise
age limits
Beer
Wine
7.0
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
18
1.0
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
18
0.7
Armenia
Somewhat risky
5.3
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
18
Australia
Somewhat risky
12.2
Yes
No
Yes
18
18
Austria
Least risky
10.3
Yes
No
Yes
16
16
Medium risky
2.3
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
18
Medium risky
0.2
Yes
Yes
Yes
Belarus
Very risky
17.5
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
18
Belgium
Least risky
11.0
Yes
Yes
Yes
16
16
18
18
18
18
Azerbaijan
Bahrain
Bangladesh
2.1
Belize
Very risky
8.5
No
No
No
Benin
Somewhat risky
2.1
Yes
Yes
Yes
0.7
No
Yes
Yes
Medium risky
5.9
Yes
Yes
Yes
Bhutan
Bolivia (Plurinational State of)
Botswana
Medium risky
8.4
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
18
Brazil
Medium risky
8.7
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
18
0.9
Yes
Yes
Yes
Somewhat risky
11.4
Yes
No
Yes
18
18
Burkina Faso
Medium risky
6.8
Yes
Yes
Yes
Burundi
Medium risky
9.3
Yes
Yes
Yes
Cambodia
Medium risky
5.5
Yes
Yes
Yes
Brunei Darussalam
Bulgaria
Cameroon
18
Medium risky
8.4
Yes
Yes
Yes
Canada
Somewhat risky
10.2
Yes
Yes
Yes
China
Somewhat risky
6.7
Yes
Yes
Yes
Colombia
Medium risky
6.2
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
18
Cook Islands
Medium risky
6.4
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
18
Costa Rica
Medium risky
5.4
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
18
Croatia
Medium risky
12.2
Yes
No
Yes
18
18
The patterns of drinking score reflects how people drink instead of how much they drink within a population. Strongly associated with the alcoholattributable burden of disease in a country, the patterns of drinking score is measured on a scale from 1 (least risky pattern of drinking) to 5 (most
risky pattern of drinking). The higher the score, the greater the alcohol-attributable burden of disease in population groups with the same level of
consumption. Notably, different drinking patterns give rise to very different health outcomes in population groups with the same level of consumption
(WHO Global status report on alcohol, WHO, 2014, p.28).
2
Total per capita (15 years and older) consumption is defined as total (recorded plus estimated unrecorded) alcohol per capita (aged 15 years and older)
consumption within a calendar year in litres of pure alcohol (WHO Global status report on alcohol, WHO, 2014, p.35).
1
246
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Patterns of
drinking score1
Adult (15+)
per capita
consumption
(litres of pure
alcohol)2
Excise tax
Beer
Wine
Spirits
On premise
age limits
Somewhat risky
5.2
18
18
Least risky
9.2
Yes
No
Yes
17
17
Medium risky
13.0
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
18
Dominica
Medium risky
7.1
Yes
Yes
Yes
16
16
Dominican Republic
Medium risky
6.9
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
18
Ecuador
Medium risky
7.2
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
18
0.4
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
18
Egypt
El Salvador
Medium risky
3.2
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
18
Estonia
Medium risky
10.3
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
18
Fiji
Medium risky
3.0
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
18
18
Finland
Medium risky
12.3
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
Gabon
Medium risky
10.9
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
Georgia
Somewhat risky
7.7
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
18
Germany
Least risky
11.8
Yes
Yes
Yes
16
16
Medium risky
4.8
Yes
Yes
Yes
Ghana
Guatemala
Very risky
Guinea
3.8
No
No
No
18
18
0.7
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
18
Guyana
Medium risky
8.1
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
16
Honduras
Medium risky
4.0
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
18
20
20
21
Somewhat risky
7.1
Yes
Yes
Yes
India
Iceland
Medium risky
4.3
Yes
Yes
Yes
Indonesia
Medium risky
0.6
Yes
Yes
Yes
21
1.0
Iraq
Israel
Italy
Somewhat risky
0.5
No
No
No
21
21
2.8
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
18
16
Least risky
6.7
Yes
No
Yes
Jamaica
Somewhat risky
4.9
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
18
Japan
Somewhat risky
7.2
Yes
Yes
Yes
20
20
0.7
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
18
Very risky
10.3
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
18
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Medium risky
4.3
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
18
Kiribati
Medium risky
3.0
No
No
No
21
21
18
Kuwait
0.1
Kyrgyzstan
Medium risky
4.3
No
Yes
Yes
18
Medium risky
7.3
Yes
No
No
18
Latvia
Medium risky
12.3
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
18
Liberia
Medium risky
4.7
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
18
18
Lithuania
Medium risky
15.4
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
Madagascar
Medium risky
1.8
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
18
Malawi
Medium risky
2.5
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
18
Malaysia
Medium risky
1.3
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
18
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
18
Maldives
1.2
Mauritania
Mexico
0.1
Medium risky
7.2
Mongolia
Medium risky
6.9
Yes
Yes
Yes
21
21
Montenegro
Medium risky
8.7
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
18
Medium risky
2.3
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
18
0.7
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
18
2.2
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
18
Morocco
Mozambique
0.9
Myanmar
Nepal
Medium risky
Netherlands
Least risky
9.9
Yes
Yes
Yes
16
16
New Zealand
Somewhat risky
10.9
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
18
Medium risky
5.0
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
18
Nicaragua
247
Patterns of
drinking score1
Adult (15+)
per capita
consumption
(litres of pure
alcohol)2
0.3
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
18
Nigeria
Medium risky
10.1
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
18
Norway
Medium risky
7.7
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
18
0.9
No
No
No
21
21
Medium risky
8.0
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
18
Niger
Oman
Panama
Excise tax
Beer
Wine
Spirits
On premise
age limits
Medium risky
3.0
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
18
Peru
Medium risky
8.1
Yes
No
No
18
18
Philippines
Medium risky
5.4
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
18
Poland
Medium risky
12.5
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
18
Portugal
Least risky
12.9
Yes
No
Yes
16
16
Very risky
16.8
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
18
Medium risky
14.4
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
18
18
Qatar
Republic of Moldova
Romania
Russian Federation
1.5
Most risky
15.1
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
Rwanda
Medium risky
9.8
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
Samoa
Medium risky
3.6
Yes
No
Yes
16
No
No
No
18
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Medium risky
Saudi Arabia
7.1
16
0.2
Senegal
Medium risky
0.6
Yes
Yes
No
18
18
Serbia
Medium risky
12.6
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
18
Seychelles
Medium risky
5.6
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
18
Singapore
Somewhat risky
2.0
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
18
Slovakia
Medium risky
13.0
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
18
Slovenia
Somewhat risky
11.6
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
18
Solomon Islands
Medium risky
1.7
South Africa
Very risky
11.0
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
18
Spain
Least risky
11.2
Yes
No
Yes
16
16
Sudan
Medium risky
2.7
Swaziland
Medium risky
5.7
Yes
No
Yes
18
18
Sweden
Switzerland
Somewhat risky
9.2
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
18
Least risky
10.7
Yes
No
Yes
16
16
TFYR Macedonia
Medium risky
6.7
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
18
Tajikistan
Medium risky
2.8
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
18
Medium risky
7.1
Yes
Yes
Yes
20
20
Thailand
Somewhat risky
6.7
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
18
Tunisia
Somewhat risky
1.5
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
18
Turkey
Medium risky
2.0
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
18
Tuvalu
Medium risky
1.5
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
18
Uganda
Medium risky
9.8
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
18
4.3
United Kingdom
Medium risky
11.6
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
18
Medium risky
7.7
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
18
Somewhat risky
9.2
Yes
Yes
Yes
21
21
Uzbekistan
Medium risky
4.6
20
20
Vanuatu
Medium risky
1.4
Viet Nam
Medium risky
6.6
Medium risky
Very risky
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
18
4.0
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
18
5.7
Yes
Yes
Yes
18
18
248
0.3
249
None
None
Larger scale
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Larger scale
Larger scale
Croatia
None
Cuba
Larger scale
None
Colombia
Cook Islands
Limited
China
Costa Rica
Limited
Larger scale
Cameroon
Canada
None
None
Burundi
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
None
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
None
None
None
Limited
Limited
None
Cambodia
Burkina Faso
Bulgaria
Brunei Darussalam
Larger scale
None
Brazil
Botswana
Limited
None
Limited
Bhutan
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Belize
Benin
Limited
Larger scale
Belgium
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Dont know
Belarus
Bangladesh
Bahrain
None
Larger scale
Austria
Azerbaijan
Larger scale
Australia
Limited
Limited
Limited
Algeria
Armenia
Limited
None
Limited
Afghanistan
Albania
Implementation
Parenting
education
Home visiting
Country/area
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
None
Limited
Limited
None
Limited
None
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
None
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Limited
None
Training to
recognize/
avoid sexually
abusive
situations
PROGRAMMES TO PREVENT
CHILD MALTREATMENT
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
Subnational
Existence
Limited
Full
Full
Partial
Limited
Not enforced
Limited
Full
Full
Full
Not enforced
Full
Full
Limited
Limited
Partial
Full
Partial
Partial
Full
Limited
Partial
Partial
Full
Limited
Limited
Full
Full
Limited
Enforcement
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes/No
Covers all
settings
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Full
Full
Full
Full
Limited
Partial
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Limited
Full
Limited
Full
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Full
Limited
Partial
Full
Full
Partial
Enforcement Enforcement
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Existence
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Full
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Full
Full
Partial
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Full
Full
Limited
Partial
Partial
Full
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Limited
Enforcement
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
Subnational
Yes
No
No
Yes
Existence
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Limited
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Full
Full
Not enforced
Full
Limited
Full
Limited
Enforcement
250
Limited
Limited
Limited
Limited
Israel
Italy
Limited
Limited
None
Limited
None
Limited
Kiribati
Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan
Latvia
Larger scale
Kenya
Kazakhstan
None
Limited
Iraq
Jordan
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Indonesia
Larger scale
Limited
Jamaica
Larger scale
Iceland
India
Japan
Limited
None
Guatemala
Honduras
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Germany
Ghana
Guyana
Limited
Georgia
Larger scale
None
Gabon
Guinea
Larger scale
Finland
Fiji
Limited
Limited
Estonia
Limited
Limited
None
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Limited
Limited
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
None
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
None
None
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Limited
Egypt
El Salvador
Limited
None
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Implementation
Parenting
education
Ecuador
Larger scale
Home visiting
Dominican Republic
Dominica
Country/area
Limited
None
Limited
None
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
None
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
None
Limited
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
None
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
None
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Training to
recognize/
avoid sexually
abusive
situations
PROGRAMMES TO PREVENT
CHILD MALTREATMENT
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Existence
Partial
Full
Full
Limited
Partial
Full
Partial
Full
Limited
Partial
Dont know
Partial
Limited
Limited
Full
Full
Partial
Full
Full
Partial
Limited
Full
Limited
Full
Full
Partial
Limited
Limited
Enforcement
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes/No
Covers all
settings
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Partial
Partial
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Full
Full
Full
Limited
Full
Full
Full
Full
Limited
Full
Full
Limited
Partial
Full
Partial
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Limited
Full
Full
Limited
Limited
Limited
Partial
Enforcement Enforcement
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Existence
Full
Partial
Partial
Full
Full
Partial
Full
Partial
Full
Full
Limited
Full
Full
Partial
Full
Full
Full
Limited
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Limited
Full
Full
Limited
Partial
Full
Full
Enforcement
Yes
No
Dont know
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Subnational
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
Existence
Full
Full
Partial
Full
Dont know
Limited
Limited
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Enforcement
251
Larger scale
None
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
None
Rwanda
Samoa
San Marino
None
Larger scale
Larger scale
Republic of Moldova
Romania
Russian Federation
Larger scale
Larger scale
Portugal
Qatar
Larger scale
Poland
Philippines
Limited
None
Peru
None
None
Panama
Limited
None
None
Larger scale
None
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
Larger scale
None
Oman
None
Nigeria
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Norway
None
Larger scale
Nicaragua
Niger
Larger scale
New Zealand
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Nepal
Netherlands
Limited
Limited
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Mozambique
Larger scale
None
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Implementation
Parenting
education
Myanmar
Morocco
Limited
Limited
Mauritania
Montenegro
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Malaysia
Maldives
Mongolia
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Madagascar
Malawi
Mexico
Limited
Limited
Liberia
Home visiting
Lithuania
Country/area
None
None
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
None
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Limited
None
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
None
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
Larger scale
None
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Training to
recognize/
avoid sexually
abusive
situations
PROGRAMMES TO PREVENT
CHILD MALTREATMENT
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
No
No
Existence
Yes
Yes
Full
Yes
Full
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes/No
Full
Limited
Partial
Partial
Full
Full
Partial
Limited
Full
Partial
Limited
Limited
Full
Full
Limited
Limited
Full
Limited
Limited
Limited
Partial
Partial
Enforcement
Covers all
settings
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Full
Full
Full
Full
Limited
Partial
Limited
Full
Full
Limited
Full
Partial
Full
Full
Full
Full
Limited
Partial
Full
Limited
Limited
Limited
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Full
Partial
Enforcement Enforcement
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Existence
Full
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Partial
Full
Full
Partial
Partial
Partial
Full
Full
Not enforced
Limited
Partial
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Full
Partial
Partial
Limited
Full
Full
Partial
Full
Partial
Enforcement
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
Dont know
No
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
No
Existence
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Not enforced
Dont know
Full
Not enforced
Partial
Partial
Full
Full
Full
Full
Limited
Enforcement
252
None
Limited
Limited
Limited
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
South Africa
Spain
Sudan
Swaziland
Sweden
Limited
None
None
Larger scale
Vanuatu
Viet Nam
Limited
Limited
Limited
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Limited
Limited
None
Yemen
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Uzbekistan
Larger scale
United Kingdom
Limited
Limited
None
Limited
Tuvalu
Uganda
Larger scale
Limited
Turkey
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Tunisia
Limited
Larger scale
Thailand
Larger scale
Tajikistan
TFYR Macedonia
Limited
Larger scale
Slovakia
Switzerland
Limited
Singapore
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Limited
None
Implementation
Parenting
education
None
Larger scale
None
Home visiting
Seychelles
Serbia
Senegal
Saudi Arabia
Country/area
Limited
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Limited
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Limited
Limited
Training to
recognize/
avoid sexually
abusive
situations
PROGRAMMES TO PREVENT
CHILD MALTREATMENT
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Subnational
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Existence
Limited
Limited
Limited
Full
Limited
Partial
Full
Full
Partial
Partial
Partial
Full
Full
Partial
Full
Partial
Full
Limited
Full
Limited
Partial
Full
Partial
Full
Enforcement
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes/No
Covers all
settings
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Full
Full
Partial
Partial
Full
Limited
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Limited
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Full
Full
Partial
Partial
Full
Dont know
Limited
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Full
Full
Full
Full
Enforcement Enforcement
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Existence
Partial
Limited
Partial
Full
Not enforced
Full
Full
Limited
Full
Full
Limited
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Full
Full
Limited
Full
Dont know
Limited
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Limited
Full
Enforcement
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Existence
Partial
Limited
Full
Full
Full
Limited
Partial
Limited
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Full
Full
Partial
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Full
Enforcement
253
None
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahrain
Limited
None
Bhutan
Limited
Larger scale
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Limited
Larger scale
Croatia
Cuba
None
Larger scale
Cook Islands
Larger scale
Colombia
Costa Rica
Larger scale
Larger scale
Canada
China
None
Cameroon
None
None
None
Burundi
Cambodia
None
None
Burkina Faso
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
None
Limited
None
Limited
Brunei Darussalam
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Bulgaria
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Belize
Benin
Botswana
Larger scale
Dont know
Brazil
Larger scale
Larger scale
Belarus
Belgium
Dont know
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Bangladesh
Limited
Larger scale
Armenia
Australia
None
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Algeria
None
Larger scale
Afghanistan
Life skills
and social
development
training
Albania
Pre-school
enrichment
Country/area
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
None
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
None
Limited
None
Limited
None
Limited
None
Limited
Limited
Limited
Dont know
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
None
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
None
Limited
Implementation
Mentoring
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
None
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Dont know
Limited
None
None
Larger scale
None
None
Limited
Limited
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Dont know
Larger scale
Limited
Dont know
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
Limited
None
None
None
After-school
supervision
Larger scale
Limited
None
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
None
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
None
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
None
Larger scale
Larger scale
School
anti-bullying
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Existence
Full
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Partial
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Full
Partial
Full
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Enforcement
Dont know
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Existence
Full
Full
Full
Limited
Partial
Limited
Full
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Full
Limited
Limited
Full
Full
Full
Dont know
Full
Full
Full
Limited
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Enforcement
254
None
Larger scale
None
Limited
None
None
None
Limited
Larger scale
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Guatemala
Guinea
Guyana
Honduras
Iceland
India
None
Limited
None
None
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Limited
Latvia
Liberia
Limited
Limited
None
Kyrgyzstan
Larger scale
None
Kuwait
Limited
Limited
None
None
Kenya
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
None
Limited
None
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
Larger scale
Limited
Kiribati
Larger scale
Limited
Israel
Italy
Kazakhstan
Larger scale
Larger scale
Iraq
Limited
None
Indonesia
Larger scale
Finland
Gabon
Limited
Dont know
Estonia
Fiji
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
None
El Salvador
Egypt
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
Limited
None
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
None
Limited
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
None
Limited
None
None
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Limited
Limited
Limited
Limited
Limited
None
None
None
Implementation
Mentoring
Limited
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
None
Larger scale
None
None
Limited
Limited
Limited
Limited
Limited
None
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
None
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
None
None
Larger scale
Dont know
Larger scale
Limited
Dont know
None
Limited
None
After-school
supervision
Ecuador
None
Pre-school
enrichment
Dominican Republic
Dominica
Country/area
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
None
None
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
None
Limited
Limited
School
anti-bullying
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Existence
Full
Full
Partial
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Full
Partial
Full
Partial
Full
Full
Limited
Full
Full
Limited
Limited
Full
Full
Partial
Full
Full
Partial
Partial
Partial
Partial
Enforcement
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Existence
Partial
Full
Partial
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Limited
Full
Partial
Full
Full
Limited
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Limited
Partial
Dont know
Partial
Enforcement
255
Larger scale
Montenegro
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Nicaragua
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
None
San Marino
Larger scale
Limited
Rwanda
Samoa
None
Russian Federation
None
None
None
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Qatar
Republic of Moldova
Romania
Larger scale
Larger scale
Portugal
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Philippines
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Poland
Larger scale
Peru
None
Larger scale
Dont know
Larger scale
Oman
Panama
Limited
None
Norway
Limited
None
Limited
Niger
Nigeria
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
Larger scale
Limited
New Zealand
None
Nepal
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Netherlands
Limited
Limited
Mozambique
Myanmar
Limited
None
Morocco
Larger scale
Mongolia
Larger scale
None
None
Maldives
Mauritania
Mexico
Limited
None
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Malawi
Malaysia
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Life skills
and social
development
training
Pre-school
enrichment
Limited
Madagascar
Lithuania
Country/area
None
Limited
None
Larger scale
None
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Limited
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
None
None
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
None
Limited
None
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
None
Limited
Limited
None
None
Limited
Implementation
Mentoring
None
Limited
None
Larger scale
None
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
None
None
Larger scale
None
None
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
None
None
None
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
None
Larger scale
None
Larger scale
None
None
None
Larger scale
After-school
supervision
None
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
Larger scale
None
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
None
Limited
None
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
Larger scale
None
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
None
Larger scale
School
anti-bullying
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Existence
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Full
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Partial
Partial
Partial
Partial
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Full
Partial
Partial
Full
Full
Full
Full
Enforcement
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Existence
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Partial
Partial
Partial
Limited
Full
Full
Full
Limited
Limited
Partial
Full
Full
Partial
Partial
Full
Partial
Full
Full
Full
Full
Enforcement
256
Larger scale
None
None
Limited
Larger scale
Seychelles
Singapore
Slovakia
Larger scale
None
Limited
Tuvalu
Uganda
None
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Yemen
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Limited
Limited
Limited
Limited
Viet Nam
None
None
None
None
Vanuatu
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Uzbekistan
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
Dont know
Limited
None
Dont know
United Kingdom
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Tunisia
Turkey
Limited
Larger scale
None
Limited
Thailand
Limited
Limited
Limited
Tajikistan
Larger scale
TFYR Macedonia
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Sweden
Switzerland
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Sudan
Swaziland
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
South Africa
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Spain
Solomon Islands
Limited
Limited
Serbia
Slovenia
Larger scale
None
Senegal
Limited
Limited
Saudi Arabia
None
None
Limited
Limited
Limited
None
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Dont know
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
None
Limited
Limited
Limited
Limited
Limited
Limited
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
None
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
None
Limited
Limited
Implementation
Mentoring
None
None
None
Limited
Larger scale
None
Limited
Larger scale
None
Larger scale
Dont know
Limited
Larger scale
None
Limited
Larger scale
None
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Dont know
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
None
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
None
Limited
After-school
supervision
Pre-school
enrichment
Country/area
Limited
Limited
None
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
None
Larger scale
None
Larger scale
Dont know
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
None
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
Limited
School
anti-bullying
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Subnational
Yes
No
Yes
Existence
Partial
Limited
Partial
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Full
Full
Partial
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Full
Partial
Partial
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Enforcement
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Existence
Limited
Partial
Partial
Full
Limited
Full
Partial
Partial
Full
Partial
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Full
Limited
Full
Partial
Full
Full
Full
Full
Enforcement
257
None
Larger scale
None
None
Larger scale
Larger scale
Armenia
Australia
Larger scale
None
None
None
Burkina Faso
Burundi
None
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Cuba
Cyprus
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
None
None
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
Limited
None
Limited
None
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
None
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Social and
cultural
norms
change
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Subnational
Yes
No
Yes
No
Existence
Full
Full
Partial
Partial
Full
Full
Partial
Full
Partial
Limited
Full
Limited
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Partial
Enforcement
In some countries, the minimal legal age of marriage may be lowered with parental consent in individual cases.
Larger scale
Larger scale
Costa Rica
Croatia
None
Cook Islands
Colombia
Larger scale
Larger scale
Canada
China
None
None
None
Cambodia
Cameroon
Limited
Limited
None
None
Brunei Darussalam
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Dont know
Bulgaria
Larger scale
Brazil
None
Larger scale
Limited
Botswana
Larger scale
Larger scale
Benin
Bhutan
None
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Belgium
Belize
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Dont know
Dont know
None
None
None
Belarus
Bangladesh
Bahrain
Azerbaijan
Austria
Larger scale
Limited
Algeria
None
Limited
Albania
None
None
Implementation
Dating
Microfinance
violence
and gender
prevention in
equity
schools
training
Afghanistan
Country/area
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Existence
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Full
Full
Partial
Full
Limited
Full
Partial
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Full
Full
Enforcement
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Existence
Full
Partial
Partial
Limited
Full
Partial
Limited
Partial
Partial
Limited
Limited
Full
Limited
Full
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Limited
Enforcement
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Exists
18
18
16
15
18
20
18
18
18
18
17
16
15
18
21
14
18
18
16
18
15
18
16
18
18
18
16
19
18
16
18
18
16
15
18
22
18
18
18
21
20
16
15
18
21
16
18
18
16
18
15
21
16
18
18
18
16
19
18
18
258
None
Limited
Limited
Limited
El Salvador
Estonia
None
None
None
Dont know
None
Larger scale
None
None
None
None
None
Larger scale
Limited
None
Larger scale
None
Limited
Limited
Gabon
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Guatemala
Guinea
Guyana
Honduras
Iceland
None
None
Larger scale
Larger scale
Israel
None
None
Latvia
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
None
None
Limited
Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan
Limited
None
Kiribati
Limited
Larger scale
None
Kenya
Larger scale
None
Kazakhstan
None
Dont know
Japan
Jordan
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Jamaica
Italy
Limited
Limited
Iraq
None
Limited
Limited
India
Indonesia
Larger scale
Limited
None
None
Limited
Fiji
Finland
Limited
Larger scale
None
None
Limited
Ecuador
None
Dominican Republic
Limited
Larger scale
Implementation
Egypt
None
Larger scale
Dating
Microfinance
violence
and gender
prevention in
equity
schools
training
Dominica
Czech Republic
Country/area
Limited
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
None
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
None
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
None
Larger scale
None
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Social and
cultural
norms
change
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Existence
Full
Full
Not enforced
Limited
Full
Limited
Full
Full
Full
Full
Limited
Partial
Full
Partial
Full
Limited
Full
Limited
Full
Full
Limited
Full
Enforcement
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Existence
Full
Full
Not enforced
Partial
Full
Limited
Partial
Full
Full
Partial
Full
Partial
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Limited
Full
Full
Partial
Partial
Full
Full
Enforcement
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Dont know
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Existence
Not enforced
Full
Not enforced
Limited
Not enforced
Full
Limited
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Limited
Limited
Full
Full
Limited
Full
Limited
Full
Full
Limited
Limited
Full
Limited
Limited
Limited
Full
Enforcement
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Exists
18
18
17
15
18
18
18
18
16
18
18
17
18
13
21
18
18
18
16
18
18
18
18
16
18
18
18
18
18
18
16
18
18
18
18
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
17
18
15
21
21
18
18
16
18
18
18
18
16
18
18
18
18
18
18
16
18
18
259
Limited
Madagascar
None
None
Republic of Moldova
Limited
Limited
Samoa
San Marino
Limited
Larger scale
Rwanda
Russian Federation
Larger scale
Limited
Portugal
Qatar
Romania
None
Limited
Peru
None
None
Philippines
Limited
Limited
Panama
Poland
None
None
Dont know
Norway
Oman
None
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
Larger scale
None
None
Limited
None
Limited
Limited
None
None
Limited
None
Limited
Niger
Nigeria
Limited
None
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
New Zealand
Nicaragua
None
Limited
None
None
Nepal
Limited
Limited
Netherlands
Myanmar
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Mozambique
Morocco
None
Limited
None
Limited
Mongolia
Montenegro
None
Larger scale
None
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
None
Limited
Larger scale
Mauritania
Mexico
None
None
Malaysia
Maldives
Larger scale
None
Malawi
Limited
Liberia
Implementation
Dating
Microfinance
violence
and gender
prevention in
equity
schools
training
Lithuania
Country/area
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Limited
Limited
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
Larger scale
None
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Limited
Social and
cultural
norms
change
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Subnational
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Existence
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Full
Limited
Full
Full
Full
Limited
Partial
Full
Full
Dont know
Full
Full
Full
Limited
Limited
Full
Limited
Limited
Full
Enforcement
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Existence
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Limited
Partial
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Limited
Full
Full
Partial
Partial
Partial
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Enforcement
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Dont know
Yes
Subnational
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Existence
Full
Full
Full
Full
Limited
Full
Partial
Full
Limited
Partial
Full
Full
Dont know
Full
Full
Full
Limited
Full
Limited
Partial
Limited
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Enforcement
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Exists
18
16
21
18
18
18
16
16
16
18
16
16
18
18
18
16
18
18
20
20
18
18
18
18
14
18
18
16
18
18
18
18
18
18
21
18
18
18
18
16
16
18
16
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
20
20
18
18
18
18
16
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
260
None
Larger scale
Limited
Senegal
Limited
None
Limited
Larger scale
None
None
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
None
Larger scale
South Africa
Spain
Sudan
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
TFYR Macedonia
Tajikistan
Thailand
None
None
Limited
None
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Larger scale
Viet Nam
Yemen
None
None
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Limited
Limited
Limited
United Kingdom
Dont know
None
Uganda
None
None
Turkey
Tuvalu
None
None
None
Limited
Limited
Limited
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
None
Limited
Tunisia
Limited
Larger scale
Singapore
Slovakia
None
Limited
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
None
Limited
None
Limited
None
None
None
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Limited
None
Limited
Limited
None
Limited
None
None
None
None
Limited
Serbia
Seychelles
None
None
Saudi Arabia
None
None
Implementation
Dating
Microfinance
violence
and gender
prevention in
equity
schools
training
Country/area
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Dont know
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Limited
Limited
None
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
None
Social and
cultural
norms
change
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Dont know
Yes
Existence
Partial
Limited
Full
Limited
Limited
Partial
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Limited
Full
Full
Full
Limited
Not enforced
Full
Full
Full
Limited
Full
Enforcement
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Dont know
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Dont know
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Existence
Partial
Limited
Full
Limited
Partial
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Full
Not enforced
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Enforcement
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Dont know
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Existence
Partial
Limited
Limited
Limited
Partial
Full
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Limited
Full
Full
Full
Limited
Not enforced
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Partial
Partial
Full
Enforcement
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Exists
18
21
15
18
18
18
18
18
16
18
18
18
17
18
18
17
18
16
18
18
18
16
18
18
17
21
18
18
18
14
18
21
16
18
18
18
18
16
16
18
18
18
17
18
18
17
18
16
18
18
18
16
18
18
17
21
18
18
18
14
261
Dont know
None
Larger scale
Azerbaijan
None
None
Limited
Cyprus
Larger scale
Larger scale
Cuba
Czech Republic
Larger scale
Larger scale
Costa Rica
Croatia
None
Larger scale
Colombia
Cook Islands
Larger scale
Larger scale
Canada
China
None
Larger scale
Cambodia
Limited
Burundi
Cameroon
None
Limited
Burkina Faso
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
None
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
None
Limited
Bulgaria
None
Limited
Limited
Limited
None
Limited
Limited
Brunei Darussalam
Larger scale
Brazil
None
Larger scale
Limited
Bhutan
Botswana
Larger scale
Larger scale
Belize
Benin
Dont know
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Belarus
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Belgium
Bangladesh
Bahrain
Larger scale
Limited
Austria
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
None
Algeria
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
None
Albania
Australia
Limited
Afghanistan
Implementation
Physical
environment
changes
Armenia
Country/area
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
Larger scale
None
None
None
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
None
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Existence
Full
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Partial
Partial
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Full
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Full
Limited
Full
Partial
Full
Full
Full
Limited
Full
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Full
Partial
Full
Enforcement
Against rape
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
Dont know
Existence
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Partial
Partial
Partial
Full
Full
Not enforced
Partial
Full
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Partial
Limited
Full
Partial
Full
Full
Full
Limited
Full
Full
Full
Full
Limited
Full
Partial
Enforcement
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Dont know
Existence
Full
Full
Partial
Partial
Partial
Partial
Limited
Full
Full
Not enforced
Partial
Full
Dont know
Full
Partial
Limited
Limited
Full
Limited
Full
Full
Full
Limited
Full
Full
Full
Full
Limited
Full
Partial
Enforcement
262
Limited
Limited
Limited
Limited
Limited
None
None
Larger scale
Kyrgyzstan
Latvia
Liberia
None
None
Limited
Larger scale
None
Kuwait
Limited
None
Limited
Larger scale
None
Limited
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
None
Limited
None
Kiribati
Kenya
Larger scale
Limited
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Limited
Dont know
Jamaica
Limited
Japan
Larger scale
Israel
Limited
Limited
Indonesia
Italy
Limited
Larger scale
Iceland
India
Larger scale
Limited
None
Honduras
Iraq
Larger scale
None
Guyana
None
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Germany
Ghana
Limited
Limited
None
Georgia
None
Guinea
None
Gabon
None
Guatemala
Larger scale
Finland
Fiji
None
None
Estonia
Limited
Larger scale
None
Limited
El Salvador
Limited
Limited
Limited
Implementation
Egypt
Larger scale
Limited
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Limited
Physical
environment
changes
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
None
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
None
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
None
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Dominica
Country/area
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Dont know
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Existence
Partial
Full
Partial
Full
Full
Not enforced
Limited
Full
Full
Partial
Full
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Full
Full
Partial
Partial
Partial
Partial
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Limited
Full
Full
Partial
Limited
Partial
Partial
Enforcement
Against rape
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Dont know
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Existence
Limited
Full
Partial
Full
Full
Not enforced
Partial
Full
Full
Limited
Full
Partial
Full
Full
Partial
Full
Full
Partial
Partial
Partial
Partial
Full
Full
Limited
Full
Full
Limited
Full
Full
Partial
Partial
Partial
Limited
Enforcement
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Dont know
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Existence
Limited
Limited
Full
Not enforced
Limited
Full
Full
Limited
Full
Partial
Full
Full
Full
Full
Limited
Partial
Partial
Limited
Full
Full
Full
Limited
Full
Full
Partial
Dont know
Partial
Limited
Enforcement
263
None
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
Larger scale
None
Larger scale
Larger scale
Maldives
Mauritania
Mexico
Mongolia
Montenegro
Morocco
Limited
Limited
None
Dont know
Limited
Limited
Norway
Oman
Panama
Romania
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
San Marino
Limited
Saudi Arabia
Larger scale
Rwanda
Limited
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
None
Larger scale
Samoa
Russian Federation
Limited
Larger scale
None
Larger scale
Republic of Moldova
Qatar
Limited
Limited
Portugal
None
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
None
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
None
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Poland
Philippines
Larger scale
Limited
Nigeria
Peru
Limited
Niger
Larger scale
None
Larger scale
Netherlands
New Zealand
Nicaragua
None
Limited
Nepal
None
Limited
Myanmar
Limited
Limited
Mozambique
Larger scale
Limited
None
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Malawi
Malaysia
Limited
Limited
Limited
Limited
Implementation
Physical
environment
changes
Lithuania
Madagascar
Country/area
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
Larger scale
None
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
None
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Existence
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Full
Full
Limited
Full
Limited
Partial
Limited
Partial
Full
Limited
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Limited
Full
Full
Partial
Partial
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Full
Enforcement
Against rape
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Existence
Partial
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Full
Full
Limited
Full
Limited
Partial
Limited
Partial
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Limited
Partial
Full
Partial
Limited
Partial
Full
Full
Partial
Full
Enforcement
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Existence
Partial
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Full
Full
Limited
Full
Limited
Partial
Limited
Partial
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Limited
Partial
Full
Limited
Partial
Full
Full
Limited
Full
Enforcement
264
Limited
Limited
Limited
Limited
Yemen
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Limited
Viet Nam
Limited
None
Vanuatu
None
Uzbekistan
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Uganda
United Kingdom
None
Larger scale
Turkey
Tuvalu
Limited
Limited
Limited
Thailand
Tunisia
Limited
Limited
TFYR Macedonia
Tajikistan
Limited
Sweden
Switzerland
Limited
Larger scale
Swaziland
Larger scale
Sudan
Limited
Larger scale
Spain
South Africa
Limited
Limited
Limited
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
Limited
Limited
None
None
Larger scale
None
None
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
None
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
None
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Singapore
Slovakia
Larger scale
None
Larger scale
Limited
Serbia
None
Implementation
Seychelles
Limited
Physical
environment
changes
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
None
None
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Limited
Limited
None
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Senegal
Country/area
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Existence
Partial
Partial
Full
Full
Full
Limited
Full
Partial
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Full
Full
Partial
Limited
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Full
Full
Enforcement
Against rape
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Existence
Limited
Full
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Limited
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Full
Full
Limited
Full
Full
Limited
Limited
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Enforcement
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Existence
Partial
Limited
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Partial
Not enforced
Full
Full
Limited
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Limited
Full
Full
Full
Full
Limited
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Enforcement
265
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Algeria
Armenia
Australia
Austria
Limited
None
None
Belize
Benin
Bhutan
None
Limited
Brunei Darussalam
Bulgaria
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Cameroon
Canada
China
Larger scale
Limited
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Dominica
None
Larger scale
Limited
Costa Rica
Czech Republic
None
Limited
Cook Islands
Limited
None
Cambodia
Colombia
None
Burundi
Larger scale
Limited
Brazil
Burkina Faso
Limited
Botswana
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Belgium
Limited
Larger scale
Belarus
Bangladesh
Bahrain
None
Larger scale
Afghanistan
Albania
Azerbaijan
Professional awareness
campaigns
Country/area
None
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
None
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
None
Larger scale
Limited
None
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
None
None
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
None
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
None
None
None
Larger scale
None
Larger scale
Limited
None
None
None
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
None
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Dont know
Caregiver support
Implementation
Public information
campaigns
Limited
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
None
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
None
None
None
Limited
None
Larger scale
None
None
None
None
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Dont know
Larger scale
None
Limited
Larger scale
None
Larger scale
Larger scale
Dont know
Residential care
policies
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Existence
Partial
Full
Full
Partial
Limited
Partial
Full
Partial
Full
Limited
Full
Limited
Limited
Full
Full
Not enforced
Full
Not enforced
Full
Full
Partial
Enforcement
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Subnational
No
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
No
Subnational
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Existence
Partial
Full
Full
Partial
Limited
Partial
Full
Full
Full
Limited
Dont know
Full
Not enforced
Full
Full
Full
Full
Limited
Enforcement
266
None
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
None
Limited
Finland
Gabon
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Guatemala
Guinea
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
None
None
None
None
None
Latvia
Liberia
Lithuania
Madagascar
Larger scale
Kuwait
Limited
None
Kiribati
Kyrgyzstan
Limited
Kenya
Dont know
Limited
Italy
Kazakhstan
Larger scale
Israel
Larger scale
Limited
Indonesia
Iraq
None
Limited
India
Dont know
Limited
Fiji
Iceland
None
Estonia
None
Limited
El Salvador
Larger scale
None
Egypt
Honduras
Limited
Ecuador
Guyana
None
Limited
None
None
None
None
Limited
Larger scale
None
Limited
Dont know
Limited
Limited
Limited
None
Limited
None
Limited
Limited
Limited
Limited
None
None
None
None
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
None
Larger scale
Limited
None
None
Limited
None
Limited
None
Larger scale
Limited
None
None
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Dont know
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
None
None
None
None
Limited
Larger scale
None
None
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
None
Limited
None
Larger scale
Caregiver support
Implementation
Public information
campaigns
Professional awareness
campaigns
Dominican Republic
Country/area
None
Larger scale
None
None
None
Limited
Larger scale
None
None
Dont know
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
None
None
None
None
None
Larger scale
None
None
Larger scale
None
Dont know
None
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Residential care
policies
No
Yes
No
No
No
Subnational
Yes
No
No
Dont know
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Existence
Limited
Partial
Full
Partial
Full
Limited
Full
Limited
Partial
Limited
Partial
Partial
Limited
Full
Partial
Full
Not enforced
Partial
Partial
Limited
Limited
Enforcement
No
Yes
No
No
No
Subnational
Yes
No
No
Dont know
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Existence
Full
Partial
Full
Partial
Partial
Partial
Limited
Full
Limited
Partial
Full
Full
Not enforced
Limited
Partial
Partial
Limited
Enforcement
267
None
Limited
Limited
None
Limited
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Serbia
None
San Marino
Larger scale
Samoa
Russian Federation
Rwanda
None
Limited
Romania
Qatar
Limited
Larger scale
Portugal
Republic of Moldova
None
Larger scale
Poland
None
Limited
Panama
Philippines
Larger scale
Oman
None
Limited
Norway
Limited
Limited
Nigeria
Peru
None
Limited
Niger
Limited
Nepal
Nicaragua
Limited
Myanmar
None
Limited
Mozambique
New Zealand
None
Morocco
Larger scale
Limited
Montenegro
Netherlands
None
Mongolia
None
Mauritania
Larger scale
Limited
Maldives
Mexico
Limited
Larger scale
Malaysia
Professional awareness
campaigns
Malawi
Country/area
Limited
Limited
None
Limited
Limited
None
None
Larger scale
Limited
None
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Dont know
Limited
None
None
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
None
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
Limited
Limited
None
Limited
None
Limited
None
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
None
Larger scale
None
Larger scale
None
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
Limited
Limited
None
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
None
Larger scale
None
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
Limited
None
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
Limited
None
None
Larger scale
Limited
Caregiver support
Implementation
Public information
campaigns
Larger scale
None
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
None
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
Limited
Larger scale
None
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
None
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Dont know
None
Limited
None
Larger scale
Limited
None
Larger scale
None
Limited
Larger scale
None
Residential care
policies
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Existence
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Full
Full
Full
Limited
Full
Partial
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Partial
Limited
Full
Full
Limited
Partial
Full
Full
Enforcement
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Existence
Full
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Full
Limited
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Full
Full
Limited
Full
Enforcement
268
None
Limited
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
South Africa
Limited
Limited
Limited
Tajikistan
Thailand
None
Limited
Zimbabwe
Limited
Viet Nam
None
None
Vanuatu
Limited
None
Uzbekistan
Zambia
Limited
Yemen
Limited
Larger scale
United Kingdom
Limited
Uganda
Dont know
Tuvalu
None
Larger scale
Turkey
Larger scale
Limited
Tunisia
Limited
Sweden
TFYR Macedonia
Larger scale
Swaziland
Switzerland
None
Limited
Sudan
Larger scale
Limited
Slovakia
Spain
None
Larger scale
Singapore
None
None
Limited
None
None
Limited
None
Limited
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Dont know
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
None
Larger scale
Limited
None
Limited
Limited
None
Larger scale
Limited
None
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Limited
None
Limited
Larger scale
None
None
Larger scale
None
Larger scale
Dont know
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
Limited
Larger scale
None
None
Larger scale
Limited
None
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Caregiver support
Implementation
Public information
campaigns
Professional awareness
campaigns
Seychelles
Country/area
None
Limited
None
Limited
Larger scale
None
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Dont know
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
None
Limited
Larger scale
None
None
Larger scale
Limited
None
Limited
Limited
Limited
Limited
Residential care
policies
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Subnational
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
Subnational
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Existence
Limited
Full
Full
Partial
Full
Full
Partial
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Dont know
Dont know
Full
Full
Partial
Enforcement
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Subnational
Subnational
No
Subnational
Subnational
No
No
Yes
Yes
Dont know
Yes
Yes
No
Subnational
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
No
Dont know
No
No
Existence
Limited
Partial
Limited
Partial
Full
Full
Full
Full
Partial
Full
Partial
Dont know
Enforcement
Table A11: Health and social services for victims of violence and victim support laws
HEALTH AND SOCIAL SERVICES
Country/area
Prenatal
screening
for child
maltreatment
and intimate
partner
violence risk
Identification
Identification
Medico-legal
and referral for
and referral
services for
victims of child
for victims
sexual violence
maltreatment
of intimate
by health care
partner and
providers
sexual violence
by health care
providers
Child
protection
services
Adult
protective
services
Mental health
services
Larger scale
Implementation
Afghanistan
Larger scale
None
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Dont know
Albania
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
Algeria
None
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Armenia
Limited
Larger scale
None
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Australia
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Austria
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Azerbaijan
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Limited
None
None
Larger scale
Limited
None
Larger scale
None
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
Limited
Limited
Limited
Limited
None
None
Belarus
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Belgium
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Belize
None
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Limited
Benin
Limited
Limited
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
None
Limited
Bhutan
None
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
Larger scale
Limited
Dont know
Limited
Limited
Limited
None
Limited
None
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Brunei Darussalam
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
None
Limited
Bulgaria
Limited
Limited
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Burkina Faso
Limited
Limited
Limited
Limited
Limited
Limited
Limited
None
None
Limited
Limited
Limited
None
Limited
Cambodia
Burundi
Limited
Larger scale
None
Limited
Limited
Limited
Limited
Cameroon
None
Dont know
None
Limited
Limited
Dont know
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Canada
Limited
Limited
Limited
Limited
Limited
Dont know
Limited
Colombia
China
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
Larger scale
Cook Islands
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Costa Rica
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Limited
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
None
None
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
Larger scale
Limited
None
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Dont know
None
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Estonia
Limited
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
Larger scale
Fiji
Limited
Limited
Limited
Limited
Limited
Limited
Limited
Finland
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Gabon
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
None
None
Georgia
None
Larger scale
None
Limited
Larger scale
None
None
Germany
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
El Salvador
Ghana
Guatemala
Guinea
Guyana
Honduras
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
Limited
None
None
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
None
None
Limited
Limited
None
Limited
None
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
Larger scale
269
Prenatal
screening
for child
maltreatment
and intimate
partner
violence risk
Medico-legal
Identification
Identification
services for
and referral for
and referral
sexual violence
victims of child
for victims
maltreatment
of intimate
by health care
partner and
providers
sexual violence
by health care
providers
Child
protection
services
Adult
protective
services
Mental health
services
Implementation
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
None
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Iraq
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Israel
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
None
Limited
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
None
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Dont know
Larger scale
Kenya
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
None
Limited
Kiribati
Limited
None
None
None
Limited
None
None
Kuwait
Larger scale
None
None
None
None
None
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Limited
None
None
None
None
Limited
None
Limited
Limited
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Lao Peoples Democratic
Republic
Latvia
None
None
Limited
Limited
Limited
None
Liberia
None
None
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
None
Limited
Lithuania
None
Larger scale
None
Limited
Larger scale
None
Limited
Madagascar
Limited
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Malawi
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Malaysia
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Maldives
None
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Mauritania
Mexico
Mongolia
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Limited
Limited
Montenegro
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Morocco
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Mozambique
Limited
Limited
Limited
Limited
Limited
None
Myanmar
None
Limited
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Nepal
None
None
Limited
Limited
None
None
Limited
Netherlands
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
New Zealand
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Nicaragua
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
Niger
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
Limited
Nigeria
None
Limited
Limited
Limited
Limited
None
Limited
Norway
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
Limited
None
Larger scale
Dont know
Dont know
Limited
Dont know
Dont know
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
None
Oman
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Peru
Philippines
Poland
None
Limited
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
None
Portugal
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
Limited
Qatar
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Republic of Moldova
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
Romania
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
None
Limited
None
Limited
Limited
None
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Russian Federation
Rwanda
270
Larger scale
Prenatal
screening
for child
maltreatment
and intimate
partner
violence risk
Medico-legal
Identification
Identification
services for
and referral for
and referral
sexual violence
victims of child
for victims
maltreatment
of intimate
by health care
partner and
providers
sexual violence
by health care
providers
Child
protection
services
Adult
protective
services
Mental health
services
Implementation
Samoa
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
Limited
San Marino
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
None
None
Larger scale
None
None
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Serbia
None
Limited
Limited
Limited
Limited
None
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Seychelles
None
Limited
None
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Singapore
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Slovakia
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Slovenia
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Solomon Islands
Limited
Limited
Limited
Limited
Limited
None
Limited
South Africa
Limited
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Limited
Spain
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Sudan
None
Limited
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
None
Larger scale
Swaziland
None
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
None
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Switzerland
Limited
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
Limited
TFYR Macedonia
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Tajikistan
Limited
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Sweden
Thailand
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Tunisia
None
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Turkey
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Tuvalu
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
None
Dont know
Uganda
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
None
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
United Kingdom
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
Limited
Limited
Limited
Limited
Limited
Dont know
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
None
None
None
None
None
None
Vanuatu
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
Viet Nam
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
None
Limited
None
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Limited
None
None
None
Larger scale
Limited
None
None
Zambia
Limited
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
None
Larger scale
Larger scale
Larger scale
Limited
Larger scale
Limited
Zimbabwe
271
Existence
Enforcement
Existence
Enforcement
Afghanistan
Yes
Partial
Yes
Partial
Albania
No
Yes
Limited
Algeria
No
Yes
Full
Armenia
No
No
Australia
Subnational
Partial
Subnational
Full
Yes
Full
Yes
Full
Austria
Azerbaijan
Yes
Not enforced
Yes
Full
Bahrain
Yes
Full
Yes
Full
Bangladesh
No
Yes
Full
Belarus
No
Yes
Full
Belgium
Yes
Belize
Full
Yes
Full
No
Subnational
Limited
Benin
No
Yes
Full
Bhutan
Yes
No
Full
Yes
Full
Yes
Partial
Yes
Full
Yes
Full
Botswana
No
Brazil
Yes
Brunei Darussalam
No
Bulgaria
Yes
Limited
Burkina Faso
Yes
Limited
Burundi
No
Yes
Full
Cambodia
No
Yes
Partial
Full
No
Yes
Limited
No
Cameroon
No
Canada
Yes
China
Yes
Full
Yes
Full
Colombia
Yes
Partial
Yes
Full
Cook Islands
No
No
Costa Rica
No
Yes
Partial
Croatia
Yes
Full
Yes
Full
Cuba
Yes
Full
Yes
Full
Cyprus
No
Yes
Full
Czech Republic
Yes
Yes
Full
Dominica
No
Partial
Full
Yes
Full
Yes
Partial
No
Dominican Republic
No
Ecuador
Yes
Partial
Yes
Yes
Limited
Full
Egypt
Yes
Partial
Yes
Partial
Yes
Full
El Salvador
No
Estonia
Yes
Fiji
No
Finland
Yes
Gabon
No
Yes
Full
Georgia
No
Yes
Partial
Germany
Yes
Yes
Full
Ghana
No
Yes
Full
Guatemala
No
Yes
Limited
Guinea
No
Yes
Full
Guyana
No
No
Honduras
No
Yes
Limited
Iceland
Yes
Full
Yes
Limited
India
Yes
Full
Yes
Full
Indonesia
Yes
Limited
Yes
Partial
Yes
Full
Yes
Full
Iraq
Yes
Full
Yes
Full
272
Full
Full
Full
Yes
Full
Yes
Partial
Yes
Full
Existence
Enforcement
Existence
Enforcement
Israel
No
Italy
Yes
Limited
Yes
Limited
Jamaica
Yes
Limited
Yes
Partial
Japan
Yes
Full
Yes
Full
Jordan
No
Subnational
Limited
Dont know
Dont know
Kazakhstan
No
Kenya
Yes
Yes
Limited
Kiribati
No
Limited
Yes
Full
Kuwait
No
No
Kyrgyzstan
No
Yes
No
Yes
Latvia
Yes
Liberia
No
Lithuania
Yes
Madagascar
No
Partial
Full
Full
Yes
Partial
Yes
Full
Yes
Limited
Yes
Full
Malawi
Yes
Malaysia
No
Maldives
Yes
Mauritania
No
Mexico
Yes
Partial
Yes
Partial
Mongolia
Yes
Limited
Yes
Limited
Montenegro
Yes
Full
Yes
Full
Morocco
No
Yes
Full
Mozambique
No
Yes
Full
Myanmar
Partial
Partial
Yes
Limited
Yes
Full
Yes
Partial
Yes
Full
Subnational
Limited
Yes
Limited
Nepal
Yes
Partial
Yes
Partial
Netherlands
Yes
Full
Yes
Full
New Zealand
Yes
Full
No
Nicaragua
Yes
Full
Yes
Niger
Yes
Full
Yes
Full
Nigeria
No
Yes
Partial
Norway
Yes
Partial
Dont know
Yes
Partial
Panama
No
Yes
Partial
No
Yes
Partial
Peru
No
Yes
Limited
Philippines
Yes
Partial
Yes
Partial
Poland
Yes
Dont know
Yes
Full
Portugal
Yes
Full
Yes
Full
Qatar
Yes
Full
Yes
Full
Yes
Partial
Oman
Yes
Partial
Full
Republic of Moldova
No
Romania
Yes
Full
Yes
Full
Subnational
Limited
Yes
Full
Rwanda
Yes
Full
Yes
Full
Samoa
No
Yes
Full
San Marino
Yes
Full
Yes
Full
Full
Russian Federation
Yes
Not enforced
Yes
Saudi Arabia
Yes
Full
Dont know
Senegal
No
Yes
Limited
Serbia
No
Yes
Full
Seychelles
No
Yes
Full
Singapore
No
Yes
Full
Slovakia
Yes
Yes
Full
Full
273
Existence
Enforcement
Existence
Enforcement
Slovenia
Yes
Full
Yes
Full
Solomon Islands
No
Yes
Limited
South Africa
No
Spain
Yes
Full
Yes
Full
Sudan
Yes
Partial
Yes
Full
Swaziland
No
Yes
Full
Sweden
Yes
Full
Yes
Full
Switzerland
Yes
Full
Yes
Full
TFYR Macedonia
Yes
Partial
Yes
Not enforced
Tajikistan
Yes
Full
Yes
Full
Thailand
Yes
Full
Yes
Full
Yes
Limited
Yes
Partial
Tunisia
No
Yes
Full
Turkey
Yes
Full
Yes
Full
Tuvalu
Yes
Full
Yes
Full
Uganda
Yes
Partial
Yes
Limited
No
United Kingdom
Yes
No
Yes
Uzbekistan
No
Vanuatu
Yes
Viet Nam
West Bank and Gaza Strip
No
Full
Full
Limited
No
Not enforced
Yes
Limited
No
Yes
Partial
Yes
Limited
Yes
Full
Yes
Full
Subnational
Limited
Yes
Full
Limited
Yes
Limited
Yes
Partial
Yemen
No
Zambia
Yes
Zimbabwe
No
274
No
No
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